Greek Epigraphy

La penisola anatolica, terra di collegamento tra il continente europeo e quello asiatico, è stata teatro non solo delle controversie più accese del cristianesimo primitivo ma anche fucina di istituzioni ed elaborazioni teologiche che hanno permesso al fenomeno cristiano di sviluppare percorsi identitari forti e durevoli. Studiare il periodo immediatamente post apostolico e quello precedente l'era costantiniana, tra Marco Aurelio e Diocleziano appunto, consente di mettere a fuoco le principali e multiformi spinte interne che hanno forgiato l'esperienza di fede dei cristiani di quel tempo, i quali, se da una parte hanno rielaborato l'eredità apostolica, dall'altra hanno posto le basi della fede delle successive generazioni. Di questi temi legati alla regione anatolica, della loro portata teologica e dello spirito sorgivo che si respira leggendo ancora i testi di quell'epoca, si è occupato il Convegno i cui Atti sono contenuti in questo libro, arricchiti anche da altre relazioni che contribuiscono a gettare luce sui molteplici reciproci influssi e confronti tra tradizione asiatica e alessandrina. Nell'intento di ravvivare l'amore per la storia del primo cristianesimo che ancora riserva, a uno studio attento, aspetti da scoprire e su cui meditare, si è voluto onorare la memoria di mons. Luigi Padovese (1947-2010), organizzatore per decenni dei Convegni a Tarso e ad Efeso e vescovo di Anatolia.

What distinguishes the earliest Greek epigraphy – that of the ‘Long C8’ – from that of the period after the mid-seventh century BCE?

I submit that we cannot simply adopt the toolkit, skills and mindset of classical epigraphy in dealing with this material. We need to rethink the usual – proven – epigraphic paradigms in coming to grips with this early, tenuous and sometimes bewildering material.

The study of alphabetic adoption in the Iron Age has become somewhat deadlocked and intractable in recent decades, despite considerable new material.

Emerging themes in the earliest material – such as the lack of public inscriptions, the centrality of votive inscriptions, the role of ceramic artists, and the extraordinary spatial distribution of the evidence – suggest the value of a new corpus of inscriptions of the Long C8, established to align with the unique characteristics of the epigraphic material of the ‘Long C8’.

Il campo semantico del fuoco può includere concetti o idee connesse al suo aspetto, alle sue proprietà, come il calore e la luce, al suo movimento e alla sua azione. Le modalità di verbalizzare o esprimere graficamente tali concetti universali variano nelle diverse lingue e scritture. Come ben evidenziato da Charteris-Black, e Bachelard prima di lui, la metafora del fuoco trova largo uso in una vasta gamma di ambiti e di fonti; in quanto intrinsecamente ambiguo e dotato di una propria agency, il fuoco concretamente brucia e modifica ciò con cui entra in contatto, attuando nel mondo materiale, nella realtà, ciò che la metafora attua nel mondo del linguaggio, realizzando un processo di trasformazione di se stesso e di ciò su cui agisce. In Egitto come in altre società antiche, dunque, il fuoco è una presenza diffusa anche come strumento cognitivo, oggetto di riflessione intellettuale e religiosa. I Testi delle Piramidi, più antica raccolta funeraria egiziana, offrono, da questo punto di vista, una possibilità d’accesso importante al modo in cui l’esperienza del fuoco viene concettualizzata, rielaborata culturalmente e resa significativa nella sfera mitico-rituale.

2. Even this is changing, as online collections like the Internet Archive <archive.org> continually add digitized versions of these resources, which are available for users to rent or download freely. In this essay, rather than printing full URL links to the various sources, the shortest possible reference to the site is given within angle brackets "< >" and excludes the typical "". Where clarification is needed, the title of the subpage will be specified.

The paper examines papyrological sources recording pay for work in the second century BC, compares the rates to those known for the third century, and uses wheat equivalents to try to compensate for pay rates calculated on the silver standard (third century) and those calculated on the bronze standard (second century).

A hoard allowed reconstruction of the output of this mint, which began with imitations of the civic drachms of Chios of Alexander type, and concluded with drachms depicting an elephant head, then a triskeles, on the reverse. It is assumed that the imitative drachms were designed for pay of mercenaries from Chios. The change in types suggests that the mint lay in the path of the Seleucid conquest of southern Asia Minor at the end of the Fifth Syrian War, and that troops from Lycia were involved.

В сборнике представлены материалы научной конференции «Античные реликвии Херсонеса: открытия, находки, теории», состоявшейся в Государственном историкоархеологическом музее-заповеднике «Херсонес Таврический» 22-26 сентября 2025 года. Тематика конференции традиционно связана с античной эпохой в истории Херсонеса Таврического и Причерноморья в широком контексте древнего сердиземноморского мира. Материалы конференции отражают разнообразные направления научного изучения античной цивилизации. Среди работ -публикации новых находок, интерпретации археологических и письменных источников, материалы раскопок последних лет, а также архивные и фондовые коллекции различных музеев и институтов. Несколько исследований посвящены истории науки, в том числе жизни и деятельности Мирона Ильича Золотарёва (1945-2004) -выдающегося исследователя херсонесской античности. Сборник рассчитан на профессиональных историков, археологов, эпиграфистов, антропологов, специалистов по охране культурного наследия, а также на всех интересующихся древней историей и археологическими памятниками северного побережья Черного моря. УДК 94(902 + 904)»652»(063) ББК 63.48(2Рос-6Крм)

patterns and paths between archaeology and history • This paper aims to review some questions of vocabulary, in the sources and historiographical literature, and their impact on our interpretations: the term phrourion provides the focus for a thorough investigation, to address broader issues that involve both theoretical reflection and research on concrete cases and archaeological data. The analysis is part of a project, TeMAES (Territoires multiples: agentivité et environemments socio-économiques), which investigate the relationship between polis and chora through the prism of agency and social relations and emphasises sociospatial phenomena. This research not only focuses on human settlements but is also concerned with the space that surrounds them landscape history and land-use patterns. Beyond the very diπerent local manifestations, phrourion should be understood in social mean, as a relational and dynamic construction that depends on the historical variability and the physical and anthropogenic specificity of territories.

In this text I have examined four significant inscriptions found in or near Bitola, N. Macedonia. The document focuses on four distinct epigraphic monuments spanning various historical periods, including a Hellenistic dedication to King Philip V, a Roman votive inscription for the soldier Crescens, a medieval dedication by Tsar Ivan Vladislav in Old Church Slavonic, and an Ottoman votive inscription for Kadı Haydar Efendi. Each section details the inscription's location, material, dimensions, condition, translation and scholarly commentary, highlighting the historical, linguistic and cultural debates surrounding its interpretation and dating. Collectively, the study uses these inscriptions (written in Greek, Latin, Old Cyrillic, and Arabic) to trace the multicultural historical evolution of the region from antiquity through the Ottoman period.

Le suffrage des orthodoxes l'emporta et Paul fut élu évêque dans l'église de saint Irène, celle qu'avec le temps, pour la distinguer de la nouvelle église, on appela l'Ancienne' (French translation in the edition of the Collection Byzantine, Budé, vol. 5, 8 [ed. Henry, R.] p. 9 [474b]). Paul of Constantinople in Photius, Bibliotheca, 257 Εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τῆς ἁγίας Εἰρήνης τῆς ἀρχαίας καλουμένη ἣν Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ βασιλεὺς εἰς πλάτος καὶ μέγεθος ἐκ βραχυτέρας ἀνήγειρεν. 'Ils portèrent son corps à travers la ville et allèrent le déposer dans l'église de saint Irène dite l'ancienne que Paul avait desservie quelque temps; l'empereur Constance l'avait agrandie en longuer et en largeur' (French translation in the edition of the Collection Byzantine, Budé, vol. 5, 8 [ed. Henry, R.] p. 17 [477]). Janin (1953, p. 108, footnote 7) writes that, according to this source, the church was enlarged not by Constantine, but by Constantius II. But, in the Greek text we read clearly Κωνσταντῖνος, not Κωνστάντιος. Maybe the mistake is caused by the Latin translation in Migne edition: probat omnia imperator, et perferri curat magna cum reverentia reliquias sancti Pauli confessoris: et episcopi quotquot aderant una cum Nectario, longe extra Chalcedonem obviam procedunt, multoque cantu et comitato suscipiunt, et per mediam urbem corpus ferentes, collocarunt in ecclesia sanctae Irenes nomini antiqui, quam Constantius imperator in latitudinem et magnitudinem e parva excitavit, cui et Paulus aliquandio praefuerat….

This side of the disc tells the story of the founding of the Hittite state, the countries it ruled, the constitution of the state, and the divine right to rule. It is a great story of Greek civilization that glorifies and exalts God and glorifies the law.

The bronze strips from the necropoleis of Myrina, previously interpreted as allotment plates, are identified as razors on the basis of new finds from Caria. Such 'leaf-shaped' razors were in use until the Roman imperial period. The inscriptions on these blades suggest that they were used in a ritual context. The owner of the blade published here for the first time was a man from Lissai. The blade from Stratonikeia, inscribed on both sides, was probably produced in the sanctuary of Panamara for hair consecrations during the Komyria. A new dedication from this sanctuary to Zeus and Hera Teleia is discussed afterwards.

Lycia, known for the quantity and great variety of its funerary remains, provides a vast corpus of Greek epitaphs, most of which date from the Hellenistic and Roman periods. These texts, often formulaic, feature a number of local specificities and follow a structure similar to that of funerary inscriptions written in the indigenous Lycian language between the late 5th and the last quarter of the 4th century BCE. Given the progress made in recent decades in the study of Lycian and other Anatolian languages, it is now possible to reassess the extent of linguistic interferences and cultural continuity in these documents. With this aim in mind, this article proposes to re-examine two cases of lexical borrowing — one in the domain of institutions, the other in that of family — and a formulaic transposition in imprecations. https://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=3294247&journal_code=REG

This paper uses the duoviral coinage and epigraphy of Roman Corinth to define more closely the social and geographical origins of the group who, as holders of the highest offices in the colony, constituted its govering class in the period from Augustus to Nero. No apology is offered for this study of an élite: it seeks to make the best of what (little) evidence there is for Roman Corinth's social fabric in the formative -but still obscure-period which saw the transformation of Caesar's foundation from a building site into something approaching the opulent 'capital of Achaia' known to the novelist Apuleius. Its chief conclusions, based on the detailed study of proper names presented in the accompanying catalogue, are that (1) the veteran element in the early-colonial élite looks exiguous; (2) the servile element was marked, including men whose names point to social origins in the familiae of leading Romans of the triumviral and Augustan periods; (3) from the earliest date families of Roman businessmen (negotiatores) and their freedmen formed a much larger sub-group within the curial order than has been recognised; and (4), by and large, old Greece's notables avoided political engagement with the new colony before the reign of Claudius, which, with that of Nero, marks something of a watershed in the gradual integration of this Italian enclave into its greek surroundings. This paper 1 is an attempt to characterise the social and geographical origins of those citizens of colonial Corinth who, as holders of high magistracies andliturgies, constituted the early colony's governing class. Its claim to historical value rests on colonial Corinth's importance as a Roman "bridgehead" 2 in Greece and the absence of any earlier study of this type. The primary materials used are the names of the 42 individual duovirs who "signed" the colony's 24 emissions of bronze (or, in the case of one series, brass) coinage over the century or so following Corinth's refoundation in 44 BC. After a series of specialist studies, above all that of Michel Aman dry, this duoviral coinage is reasonably well dated 3 . The 47 terms of office 1.1 am grateful to the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne for a grant enabling me to attend the Athens colloquium at which an earlier version of this paper was read, to participants in the discussion (and subsequently, A.D. Rizakis) for their helpful comments, and, at a later stage, to Martin Price for bibliographic assistance. Shortcomings are mine solely.

HE FOUR published inscriptions discussed below,l three from Corinth and one from Tegea, together incorporate all the existing evidence for the Corinthian Appaleni, a colonial family flourishing in the second century, members of which have preViously been recognized in only two of the texts. These two, nos. 1 and 2, are both lists of officials and victors in the Isthmian games at Corinth, and their examination by the writer has led to other restorations and comment, included below, not all of which are directly relevant to the Appaleni. The inscription is a fragment of a list of officials and victors in one of the Isthmian games. 2 The relevant part, Face A, is reproduced below.

Pisidia bolgesi’nde ele gecen sikkeler uzerinde Hermes tasvirini Adada, Antiokheia, Ariassos, Baris, Etenna, Isinda, Kodroula, Komama, Kremna, Olbasa, Prostanna, Sagalassos, Seleukeia Sidera, Selge, Sibidounda, Termessos, Timbriada ve Tityassos kenti olmak uzere toplam 18 kentin sikkeleri uzerinde gormekteyiz. Bu sikkeler uzerinde Hermes’in toplam uc ana tipi saptanmistir. Ayakta Duran Hermes tipi, Oturan Hermes tipi ve Hermes basi-bustu tipi. Uzerinde Hermes tasvirinin yer aldigi en erken sikke M.O. 1. yuzyila aitken, en gec sikke ise II. Claudius Gothicus donemine (M.S. 268-270) aittir. Bu bolgenin sikkeleri uzerinde Hermes’in daha cok haberci tanri ve ticaret tanrisi olmasi vurgulanirken, bazi kentlerde de Hermes’in dinsel kimligi on plana cikarilmistir

Saudemos, como é devido, os editores e autores deste livro co- letivo sobre o lugar e o status dos estudos sobre a Antiguidade no Brasil contemporâneo. Seu objetivo: oferecer uma contribui- ção em primeira mão para uma história intelectual e uma histó- ria das disciplinas. E objetivo alcançado, graças a uma escolha editorial original. Não se trata de uma síntese do tema, mas sim de uma sequência de capítulos dedicados a figuras proeminen- tes: professores que, no século XX e XXI, trabalharam de for- ma singular na formação e no desenvolvimento desses estudos nas universidades brasileiras, onde foram atores e expressões.
Portanto, são vinte e cinco professores, pertencentes às princi- pais universidades, que retraçam as trajetórias individuais da- queles e daquelas que os precederam ou com quem conviveram. Assim, capítulo após capítulo, surgem tantos retratos singula- res de onde emerge, por fim, um verdadeiro retrato de grupo.
Um percurso historiográfico como esse, se é bem-vin- do e útil, também é a oportunidade para um valioso exercí- cio reflexivo. No “país do futuro”, os estudos sobre a Anti- guidade nunca puderam se apoiar em posições dadas por certas e se contentar em invocar a transmissão de um cor- pus de conhecimentos, tiveram, na verdade, que continua- mente redefinir sua relevância, senão defender sua legiti- midade, e saber confrontar os desafios contemporâneos.

Composition of 147 vessel glass samples from a cemetery of late 1st — late 4th / early 5th centuries, completely excavated on the outskirts of Sevastopol, has been studied with LA-ICP-MS technique. This data
allows evaluating glass recycling practices in the workshops producing vessels for regional population. The data on vessel forms, their spread in the cemetery and the chemical composition of glass could yield the
circumstantial evidence on the local glass working (most probably, in Chersonessos), time of its emergence and peculiarities. Glass vessels become widespread here from the 2nd century, and serial types, made of the “mixed” Sb-Mn glass occur at the same period. It could be related to the emergence of local glass working, based on the raw glass imported from Eastern Mediterranean, and the extensive glass recycling. Large-scale recycling is also typical for the late series of glass (and vessel types) especially widespread here (Foy-3.2, 3.2/2.1). Local glass working was therefore based on extensive use of cullet; this peculiarity is usually
typical for the periphery of the Roman Empire, lacking the imported raw glass. Glass of the Egyptian origin form Frontovoe has much more pronounced evidence for recycling than of the Levantine one.

The chemical composition of 27 glass samples used in jewelry (beads and pendants) from the Scythian burial grounds
of Glinoe/Vodovod and Glinoe/Sad, excavated on the left bank of the Lower Dniester region, has been studied using SEMEDS and LA-ICP-MS methods. All the beads originated from the securely dated contexts of the mid-4th to the turn of the
3rd century BC. The majority of ornaments are made of natron glass, likely of Levantine origin. They are made of blue,
turquoise, yellow, red, colorless, and naturally colored blue-green glass. A small series of beads is made of glass with a low
content of aluminum, strontium, and barium, along with an elevated concentration of zirconium, likely of Egyptian origin.
The blue glass is colored with cobalt colorant of a heterogeneous composition; the composition of the colorless glass is
also heterogeneous. Beads made of natron glass could have been imported to the region from Central European or North
Pontic glassworking workshops. A bead, made of plant ash glass and presumably of Mesopotamian origin, appears to be an
occasional import here.

This book aims to study the relations between the Ptolemies and the Aegean islands at a political, social, economic, cultural and religious level, through the examination of all the available material (epigraphical, archaeological, papyrological, numismatic). The Aegean sea has always played a key role in the Greek world and certainly did not lose its importance after the expansion of Hellenism beyond the Achaemenid Empire, through to the Indus Valley and the Nubian desert. The Greek islands’ position between Egypt and the Ptolemaic foreign possessions has prompted the Ptolemies to maintain relations with them. Their general aims were in order to secure bases in the Greek islands and through them to control Mediterranean sea routes, to reduce their opponents’ influence on them and to recruit mercenaries. In order to achieve these goals, the Ptolemies employed officials essentially serving their international diplomacy: the Ptolemies, through their envoys, appeared as benefactors of cities and showed their favour through donations, through tax reductions or through financing civic buildings. They often undertook the uninterrupted supply of the city with
wheat, provided protection, or saved cities from imminent dangers. It is also epigraphically attested that this beneficial policy was often expressed through the activities of individuals –coming from Alexandria to the islands– not as rulers’ envoys, but still somehow associated with the royal crown. Quite often these were citizens appointed at the Aegean islands, serving the monarchs’ interests. As their presence and activities usually served both the interests of the local demoi and those of the Ptolemaic rulers, they received by the former honours commensurate with those offered to those Ptolemaic officials, who were dispatched by the kings as tetagmenoi or epitetrammenoi. They thus maintained the Aegean islands within the Ptolemaic royal house’s sphere of influence for more than a century. The thrust of the book investigates the evidence coming from the island complexes of the Cyclades, the Dodecanese, Crete, Euboia, the islands of the North Aegean and Sea in respective chapters. It also discusses the role of the League of the Islanders or the so-called Nesiotic League in Ptolemaic foreign policy in the Aegean since the 3rd c. BC. Our aim is to process all the available material in order to identify as many strands of the Ptolemaic presence in the Aegean as possible, and to comprehend and analyse thoroughly its nature and structure.

This volume contains a selection of papers written by specialists from the fields of Greek Papyrology, Egyptology, Coptology, and Ancient History. It explores current research questions and future directions in onomastic studies of Graeco-Roman and Late Antique Egypt. The topics discussed and analysed include: (1) survey of naming practices; (2) the social significance of name choice and use; (3) the local interpretation of foreign names; (4) names and name change in a diverse religious and cultural environment; (5) bilingualism and language change; (6) names as indicators of ethnic and religious identity; (7) names as evidence for cross-cultural interchange. The chapter offer a range of different perspectives and approaches in the field.

Pionios died as a martyr in Smyrna during the Decian persecution. The Martyrium Pionii is one of the most interesting examples of the acta martyrum, possibly partly based on texts written by the martyr himself. There are two speeches by Pionios, the second and longer one held in prison. It is usually thought that Pionios addresses two different audiences with this speech, but it can be shown that the whole speech is directed at Christians lapsi, who had sacrificed or were forced to sacrifice in the course of the persecution. Since we know almost nothing about Decian lapsi in Asia Minor, this alone is already of some importance, but we get also some glimpses of the discussions in the Christian community and can reassess the mention of the Jewish community in Smyrna and it's role during the persecution.

This paper presents some preliminary findings from the second phase of the Roman Republican Die Project (RRDP) by looking at the use of control marks in Roman Republican coinage. It presents data from seventeen Republican coin types which use sequential numerical control marks where each control mark appears on only one die. For these issues, the highest observed control numeral gives us a good indicator of the original number of dies, and so allows us to test the accuracy of Esty’s geometric model for estimating dies. It then looks at the purpose of die marks within the Roman mint by considering the case of six dies that were recut to use for two subtypes of RRC 335/3. The re-cutting of these dies suggests that die marks were used to track and control production size of particular issues within the Roman mint.


Please note this article is published with Brepols Publishers as a Gold Open Access article under a Creative Commons CC 4.0: BY-NC license. The article is also freely available on the website of Brepols Publishers https://www.brepolsonline.net/action/showBook?doi=10.1484/M.WSA-EB.5.144041 under this same license.

This paper explores the earliest Greek sources on the architectural complex of ancient Greek theatre and also on the phenomenon of theatre as a social event. It will consider the insights that the place attachment theory might offer in this context. The audience and the performers are acutely aware that they form a group and develop a profound sense of belonging and attachment to a particular place and space. Theatre is socialised and enacted, constructed by society through its interaction with the biophysical environment in which that society develops its existence.

The article is devoted to the publication of ceramic containers of the 6th – 5th centuries BC from excavations of the bottom sections of the Kerch Bay within the boundaries of the Ak-Burun Bay Archaeological Museum – an extensive burial site of bottom sediments moved here from the Genoese harbor of Kerch during dredging operations in the second half of the 1970s. The amphora complex includes a standard, although incomplete set of container types, including vessels from Chios, Thasos, Klazomenae, Miletus, Samos, etc. A significant part of the finds are represented by large fragments of vessels, and sometimes whole or archaeologically intact forms. The earliest of them are dated within the second half of the 6th century BC. Considering that during excavations of the acropolis of Panticapaeum complexes of an earlier period were discovered, it can be assumed that the ancient port of Panticapaeum was located in another part of the Kerch Bay, or the cultural layer deposited around the ancient city pier was not damaged during dredging operations and is still preserved in the Genoese harbor.

c b Quest&#39;opera è distribuita con Licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione 4.0 Internazionale This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Certificazione scientifica delle Opere pubblicate da Edizioni Ca&#39; Foscari-Digital Publishing: tutti i saggi pubblicati hanno ottenuto il parere favorevole da parte di valutatori esperti della materia, attraverso un processo di revisione anonima sotto la responsabilità del Comitato scientifico della rivista. La valutazione è stata condotta in aderenza ai criteri scientifici ed editoriali di Edizioni Ca&#39; Foscari. Scientific certification of the works published by Edizioni Ca&#39; Foscari-Digital Publishing: all essays published in this volume have received a favourable opinion by subject-matter experts, through an anonymous peer review process under the responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the journal. The evaluations were conducted in adherence to the scientific and editorial criteria estab...

В сборнике представлены материалы научной конференции «Античные реликвии Херсонеса: открытия, находки, теории», состоявшейся в Государственном историкоархеологическом музее-заповеднике «Херсонес Таврический» 22-26 сентября 2025 года. Тематика конференции традиционно связана с античной эпохой в истории Херсонеса Таврического и Причерноморья в широком контексте древнего сердиземноморского мира. Материалы конференции отражают разнообразные направления научного изучения античной цивилизации. Среди работ -публикации новых находок, интерпретации археологических и письменных источников, материалы раскопок последних лет, а также архивные и фондовые коллекции различных музеев и институтов. Несколько исследований посвящены истории науки, в том числе жизни и деятельности Мирона Ильича Золотарёва (1945-2004) -выдающегося исследователя херсонесской античности. Сборник рассчитан на профессиональных историков, археологов, эпиграфистов, антропологов, специалистов по охране культурного наследия, а также на всех интересующихся древней историей и археологическими памятниками северного побережья Черного моря. УДК 94(902 + 904)»652»(063) ББК 63.48(2Рос-6Крм)

ΠEΡΙΛΗΨΗ: Μe βάση το χρονολογουμeνο από τον 2ο αι. π.Χ. ως τον 3ο αι. μ.Χ. eπιγραφικό υλικό της Ηλeίας, το οποίο στο μeγαλύτeρο μέρος του προέρχeται από το ιeρό της Ολυμπίας, μeλeτάται η διeίσδυση των ρωμαϊκών ονομάτων και της ρωμαϊκής πολιτeίας στην πeριοχή. Οι πρώτοι φορeίς τους eμφανίζονται στη στροφή προς τον Ιο αι. μ.Χ., ανήκουν στην τοπική elite και οφeίλουν το προνόμιο αυτό στις προσω­ πικές τους σχέσeις μe νeαρούς γόνους του αυτοκρατορικού οίκου, μe τους οποίους συνδέθηκαν μe την eυ­ καιρία της συμμeτοχής των τeλeυταίων στους Ολυμπιακούς αγώνeς. Η διάδοση των ρωμαϊκών ονομάτων στην Ηλeία αυξάνeται από το δeύτeρο μισό του Ιου αι. μ.Χ. Ανάμeσα στους πρώιμους φορeίς σπάνιων gentilicia πρέπeι ίσως να συνυπολογιστούν και μέλη της κοινότητος των &quot;&#39;Ρωμαίων ένγαιούντων&quot;.

Presentazione dello studio e dei dati preliminari sulla necropoli greca individuata nel 2008 in località Germaneto di Catanzaro nel corso delle indagini di archeologia preventiva propedeutiche alla realizzazione della nuova sede della Giunta Regionale (cd. Cittadella) di Catanzaro. Le indagini sono state eseguite dalla Società Tethys s.r.l. e condotte sul campo dagli archeologi Eugenio Donato, Francesco Cristiano e Carmelo Colelli sotto la direzione scientifica di Roberto Spadea, funzionario responsabile di zona dell’allora Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Calabria.

"Without the work of archeologists, paleographers, geographers, linguists,
literary scholars, studies of memory in all its manifestations, and of
the allied field of the history of the emotions, our work as cultural historians would be impoverished and in some cases would disappear entirely. Fortunately cultural history is the product of alliances with other disciplines in the search for how contemporaries made and make sense of the world in which they live and lived.... The study of representations is now a global movement, which seeks to transform and enrich the understanding of the symbolic dimensions of social practices and the social dimensions of artistic and other cultural practices. Its central claim is that cultures are built out of representations. Their making is, fundamentally, a communal activity. This is particularly true in the study of representations of war, including each of the essays in this special number."

From "The Shadow of War" - Jay Winter's introduction to the issue

В сборнике представлены материалы научной конференции «Античные реликвии Херсонеса: открытия, находки, теории», состоявшейся в Государственном историко-археологическом музее‐заповеднике «Херсонес Таврический» 22–26 сентября 2025 года. Тематика конференции традиционно связана с античной эпохой в истории Херсонеса Таврического и Причерноморья в широком контексте древнего сердиземноморского мира. Материалы конференции отражают разнообразные направления научного изучения античной цивилизации. Среди работ — публикации новых находок, интерпретации археологических и письменных источников, материалы раскопок последних лет, а также архивные и фондовые коллекции различных музеев и институтов. Несколько исследований посвящены истории науки, в том числе жизни и деятельности Мирона Ильича Золотарёва (1945–2004) — выдающегося исследователя херсонесской античности. Сборник рассчитан на профессиональных историков, археологов, эпиграфистов, антропологов, специалистов по охране культурного наследия, а также на всех интересующихся древней историей и археологическими памятниками северного побережья Черного моря.

The article aims to trace the origins of the formulation of the Peace of
Antalcidas in 387/6, considered the first εἰρήνη treaty in the Greek world, back to the 5th century, starting from a reference in Andocides’ oration On the Peace. The text, which likely reflects the speech delivered after the failed peace negotiations in Sparta in 392/1, shows how Agesilaus’ proposal resembled an existing agreement between Sparta and Argos, referred to as ἰδία εἰρήνη, a private peace (And. 3.27). This reference allows for a re-examination of several treaties signed during the 5th century – between Athens and Persia (D.S. 12.4.5-6), Sparta and Persia (Th. 8.18; 8.37; 8.58), and Sparta and Argos (Th. 5.79.1) – to identify common themes and focus on the specific diplomatic terminology used. In doing so, it becomes possible to recognize diplomatic patterns that contributed to the emergence of the κοινὴ εἰρήνη, evolving from individual experiences that shared the pursuit of peace and balance.

Η Teresa Shawcross είναι γνωστή από τα βιβλία της The Chronicle of Morea: Historiography in Crusader Greece (2009) και τον συλλογικό τόμο Reading in the Byzantine Empire and Beyond (2018), καθώς και από σημαντικά άρθρα. Το ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον της για τις πολιτικές δυνάμεις που ήλθαν σε απευθείας επαφή με το Βυζάντιο είτε καταλαμβάνοντας εδάφη του είτε μέσω πολιτισμικών και θρησκευτικών επαφών επεκτείνεται με το νέο της βιβλίο σε θέματα σχετικά με τις αλληλοεπιδράσεις με το Ισλάμ. Ο ελκυστικός τίτλος του βιβλίου της Teresa Shawcross, Wisdom's House, Heaven's Gate. Athens and Jerusalem in the Middle Ages, δημιουργεί στον αναγνώστη την εντύπωση ότι πρόκειται για μία μελέτη που εστιάζει αποκλειστικά στο συμβολισμό της Αθήνας και της Ιερουσαλήμ στο Μεσαίωνα. Όμως το περιεχόμενό του διευρύνεται σε περισσότερα θέματα που αφορούν στην αλληλεπίδραση των δύο πολιτισμών, βυζαντινού και ισλαμικού των Φατιμιδών. Στον Πρόλογο, σ. V-VIII, η συγγραφέας προσδιορίζει τη χρονική περίοδο στην οποία εστιάζει την έρευνά της, τον 11o αιώνα, ο οποίος σηματοδοτείται από δύο σημαντικούς ηγέτες, τον Βασίλειο Β΄ Μακεδόνα και τον al-Hakim των Φατιμιδών της Αιγύπτου. Το βιβλίο ερευνά την ιδεολογία του Βυζαντίου και του ισλαμικού χαλιφάτου των Φατιμιδών σχετικά με τον τρόπο με τον οποίο διαμορφώθηκαν συγκεκριμένα συστήματα γνώσης και πίστης: η Ορθοδοξία και το σιιτικό Ισλάμ (Isma ̔ili Shi ˁ̔Islam), που πήγαζαν από τον ιουδαϊκό μονοθεϊσμό και συνδέθηκαν με την Αθήνα και την Ιερουσαλήμ. Η συγγραφέας τονίζει ότι συνήθως η προσέγγιση της πολιτικής και θρησκευτικής ιδεολογίας των δύο αυτών κόσμων εστιάζει στην μεταξύ τους εχθρότητα και όχι στον ανταγωνισμό των δύο πολιτισμών. Η ίδια BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA 35 (2025), ΧΧΧ ΒΙΒΛΙΟΚΡΙΣΙΑ -BOOK REVIEW 2 όμως επιλέγει να εξετάσει τα κοινά σημεία επαφής τους. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο επιχειρείται η προβολή της συμβολικής σημασίας της τοπογραφίας της Αθήνας και της Ιερουσαλήμ. Με αυτή την προσέγγιση η Shawcross οδηγείται στη σκιαγράφηση μιας διαφορετικής εικόνας των σχέσεων των δύο πολιτισμών μετριάζοντας τις κατακτητικές προσπάθειες των Αράβων και τις εχθρικές ιδεολογικές αντιλήψεις των Βυζαντινών. Όπως η ίδια δηλώνει, πρόκειται για μια προσέγγιση αναθεωρητική, το αποτέλεσμα της οποίας -η συγγραφέας αναγνωρίζει-δεν θα είναι ούτε οριστικό ούτε πλήρες και ολοκληρωμένο, αλλά ελπίζει ότι θα εμπνεύσει περαιτέρω συζήτηση πάνω στο θέμα. Ασφαλώς ποικίλες επαφές και αλληλοεπιδράσεις του βυζαντινού και του αραβικού πολιτισμού στην πάροδο των αιώνων έχουν εντοπιστεί και σχολιαστεί από ιστορικούς, φιλολόγους και ιστορικούς της τέχνης. Ενδεικτικά αναφέρουμε τον αυτοκράτορα Θεόφιλο (829-842) με τα ανάκτορα «του Βρύα» μουσουλμανικής τεχνοτροπίας 1 και τα αυτόματα που απαντώνται και στα ανάκτορα της Βαγδάτης επί al Ma'mun (786-833), και τον λόγιο Λέοντα Φιλόσοφο ή Μαθηματικό (περ. 790-περ. 869) σε μια εποχή τεράστιων συγκρούσεων με τους Άραβες, αλλά και πολιτισμικών προσεγγίσεων. Επίσης έχουν σχολιαστεί επιδράσεις στη λογοτεχνία, όπως π.χ. από την Ελένη Κονδύλη και την Μαρία Μαυρουδή 2 . Η έμφαση της Shawcross σε βυζαντινο-αραβικές επιδράσεις σχετικές με το θέμα που πραγματεύεται σκοπεύει να διευρύνει τον ορίζοντα του ιστορικού του Βυζαντίου και να τον απελευθερώσει από ιδεολογικούς προσανατολισμούς της παλαιότερης βιβλιογραφίας. Χωρίς όμως μια αναδρομή σε άλλες παλαιότερες επιδράσεις του ισλαμικού πολιτισμού η ανάλυσή της στερείται μιας ολοκληρωμένης εικόνας των πολύπλοκων σχέσεων των δύο πολιτισμών και, κυρίως, της κατανόησης της επίσημης θέσης της βυζαντινής Εκκλησίας έναντι του Ισλάμ η οποία αναμφίβολα παρέμενε η κυρίαρχη θέση και του λαού 3 . Το σημείο αυτό έχει ιδιαίτερη σημασία διότι το θέμα αφορά θρησκευτικά σύμβολα, τον ναό της Αναστάσεως και την εκκλησία της Θεοτόκου στον Παρθενώνα.

A partir de un exhaustivo análisis de las evidencias epigráficas e iconográficas de] culto a Némesis en la Hispania romana, el autor analiza y contrasta las últimas hipótesis suscitadas en torno a esta cuestión. Aunque la baja extracción social de los dedicantes sustenta en la mayor parte de los casos la visión tradicional, parece posible pensar que, en realidad, este culto alcanzó una mayor repercusión en ámbitos sociales más amplios.