Gravitational Waves

Abstract
We report the detection of narrowband resonances in pulsar timing residuals at 6.1 nHz and 4.1 nHz, with quality factors Q ≈ 46 and Q ≈ 10, respectively. To assess statistical significance, we performed 2000 null simulations using time-shifted pulsar data, preserving noise characteristics while eliminating any coherent sky signal. None of the null realizations reproduced features as sharp as those observed, yielding empirical p-values < 5×10⁻⁴ for both bands. This constitutes strong evidence against a noise origin. The observed signals are consistent with the predictions of the Constitutive Flux Theory (CFT), which interprets them as resonant modes of the constitutive medium. These findings mark the transition of Constitutive Flux Theory from uncertainty to empirical strong evidence.

I derive the conformal compactification used in Penrose diagrams from a fifth dimensional hydrodynamic model of time. In this model a temporal flow field carries shear, expansion, vorticity, and acceleration. The conformal factor on four dimensional sections is generated by invariants of that flow, so the boundary of the diagram gains the interpretation of an informational conservation surface. I present a closed action, field equations, dimensional and energy checks, and explicit worked examples for FRW cosmology and Schwarzschild geometry. The result is a complete mechanical origin for the conformal geometry that Penrose introduced.

Progenitor scenarios for short gamma-ray bursts (short GRBs) include coalescenses of two neutron stars or a neutron star and black hole, which would necessarily be accompanied by the emission of strong gravitational waves. We present a search for these known gravitational-wave signatures in temporal and directional coincidence with 22 GRBs that had sufficient gravitational-wave data available in multiple instruments during LIGO's fifth science run, S5, and Virgo's first science run, VSR1. We find no statistically significant gravitational-wave candidates within a [-5, +1) s window around the trigger time of any GRB. Using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test, we find no evidence for an excess of weak gravitational-wave signals in our sample of GRBs. We exclude neutron star-black hole progenitors to a median 90% confidence exclusion distance of 6.7 Mpc.

The pursuit of a unified framework connecting quantum theory, gravitation, and cosmology has
historically been constrained within academic walls. Yet, history shows that breakthroughs—
from Einstein’s relativity to the Higgs mechanism—often emerged from ideas initially perceived
as too bold or too speculative. The present work introduces the EQST-GP model, an attempt
to expand M-theory with gluonic plasma dynamics, providing a path from eleven-dimensional
action principles down to cosmological observables.
This document is a condensed version of the full mathematical formulation. Here we em-
phasize clarity, physical implications, and testable predictions over exhaustive derivations. The
motivation is simple: if a theoretical framework can propose quantities that meet experimental
or observational reach, it deserves to be scrutinized, refined, or falsified by the community.


What is EQST-GP?



EQST-GP

stands for Extended Quantum String Theory with Gluon Plasma
It is a unified theory  that aims to describe all the fundamental forces in the universe (gravity, electromagnetism, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear) within a single framework, using:

    Extra spacetime dimensions
    (11 dimensions, as in M-theory).
    - Concepts from string theory
    and **loop quantum gravity**.
    (LQG)
   
    The role of gluon plasma  (negative energy matter) to explain dark matter  and dark energy
    (QGP)

---
Main Goals of the Theory:



1. **Unifying particle physics with gravity** (quantum theory + general relativity).
2. **Deriving fundamental constants** (proton mass, fine structure constant, etc.) from first principles without computation.
3. **Explain dark matter** as a negative-energy quark-gluon foam.**
4. **Explain dark energy** through the volume of this expanding plasma.
5. **Provide testable predictions** in Large Hadron Collider (LHC), gravitational wave observations (LIGO), and telescope data (JWST).
6. **Apply quantum ideas to artificial intelligence** (optimizing mathematical functions using quantum entanglement).

The problem of cosmological production of gravitational waves (GWs) is discussed in the framework of an expanding, spatially homogeneous and isotropic FRW type universe with time-evolving vacuum energy density. The GW equation is established and its modified time-dependent part is analytically resolved for different epochs in the case of a flat geometry. Unlike the standard [Formula: see text]CDM cosmology (no interacting vacuum), we show that GWs are produced in the radiation era even in the context of general relativity. We also show that for all values of the free parameter, the high frequency modes are damped out even faster than in the standard cosmology both in the radiation and matter-vacuum dominated epoch. The formation of the stochastic background of gravitons and the remnant power spectrum generated at different cosmological eras are also explicitly evaluated. It is argued that measurements of the CMB polarization (B-modes) and its comparison with the rigid [Formula: see ...

Deriving Fμν​[ϕ] from a Spin Foam Action in Loop Quantum Gravity
Mathematical Steps
Testing Against LQG’s Area Spectrum
Emergent Photon Modes in the Context of Supergraviton and Loop Quantum Gravity Integration
Derivation of Emergent Photon Modes
Properties of Emergent Photon Modes
Testing Against LQG’s Area Spectrum
Simulation Code for Emergent Photon Modes
Implications and Next Steps

Building on the supergraviton framework introduced in prior work on variable speed of light in Horndeski gravity, this paper proposes a novel paradigm where photons emerge not as fundamental entities but as stabilized collective excitations of the quantized scalar field ϕ, the supergraviton. Extending the Horndeski action to incorporate gauge-like wave solutions for ϕ, we derive the photon dispersion relation E = ℏω and phase velocity c eff (ϕ) = c0 exp(-βϕ/2M Pl) directly from excitation properties, ensuring zero rest mass despite m ϕ ∼ H0. Connections to string theory are established via Kaluza-Klein and D-brane dimensional reduction, and implications for the black hole information paradox, JWST high-z galaxy masses, and atomic clock drifts are explored. The framework resolves Ostrogradski instabilities and provides testable predictions.

We propose a fundamental extension to gravity where the speed of light
c emerges as a dynamical field-dependent quantity rather than a universal
constant. Building on the f(R,z) formalism embedded within Horndeski
scalar-tensor theory—a ghost-free framework ensuring second-order equa-
tions of motion—with a quantized scalaron termed the “supergraviton”
ϕ, we demonstrate that ceff (ϕ) = c0 /Ω(ϕ), where Ω(ϕ) = exp(βϕ/MPl ).
This setup, realized via disformal transformations preserving cT = 1, nat-
urally explains James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) anomalies showing
unexpectedly massive early galaxies and hyper-efficient star formation at
z ∼ 10, with Bayesian evidence ratio 105.5 favoring our model over ΛCDM.

This paper presents a predictive geometric framework for interstellar object behavior, using 3I/ATLAS as a case study. Standard thermodynamic and gravitational models fail to explain its high inbound velocity, anomalous chemical composition, and early tail activation. The Kittim Projection theory offers a coherent alternative, treating such objects as residues of deeper projection symmetries governed by the golden ratio φ. We identify specific, testable deviations—especially persistent tail behavior post-perihelion—that may falsify or confirm this framework in the coming weeks.

This version is also archived on Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17239849

To understand gravitational waves we must first acknowledge that everything observed is "now." In the Ground Potential Theory (GPT) framework, time is not an independent dimension but the record of an observer's change in absolute potential. Gravitational waves then appear not as ripples in a fabric of spacetime, but as coherent modulations of potential that rock the observer's frame. This note develops a potential-based interpretation of gravitational radiation and orbital contraction, showing that the apparent flow of time is simply the cumulative descent of all potentials in the universe.

The double slit experiment has puzzled physicists for more than a century, often invoking counter-intuitive notions such as wave-particle duality and wavefunction collapse. In the Ground Potential Theory (GPT) framework, a simpler interpretation arises: photons do not traverse empty space as independent particles or waves, but are potential-locked events that become observable only when source, medium, and observer share the same potential. The apparent mystery of "which slit the photon went through" is reframed as a question of which photons were absorbed and which remained to be observed.

This paper introduces the concept of Gravity-Temperature Entanglement (GTE), a proposed framework where gravitational potential and temperature fields are nonlocally coupled. Unlike traditional models in thermodynamics or general relativity, GTE suggests that temperature variations in one system can influence distant systems through a gravity-mediated entanglement coefficient. This approach has implications for astrophysical objects, energy transfer, and fundamental physics.

Aims: To develop a stochastic mathematical framework for modeling gravitational wave signals from Compact Binary Coalescences (CBCs), incorporating uncertainties in mass and spin evolution and improving signal detection and parameter estimation.
Study Design: A simulation-based theoretical study using a stochastic approach to enhance the modeling of gravitational wave signals.
Methodology: The model integrates the inspiral-merger-ringdown (IMR) waveform with stochastic differential equations (SDEs) to represent uncertainties in component evolution due to astrophysical and numerical factors. Monte Carlo simulations are used to analyze probabilistic behavior in mass and spin dynamics. Kalman filtering is applied for tracking evolving parameters in noisy data, while
matched filtering and Bayesian inference are employed for signal extraction and posterior parameter estimation. All simulations are implemented in MATLAB.
Results: Simulations show that spin parameters are more sensitive to stochastic fluctuations than mass. Kalman filtering accurately tracks hidden parameters under noisy conditions. Matched filtering effectively identifies weak gravitational wave signals, and Bayesian inference provides well-centered Gaussian posterior distributions, supporting reliable parameter estimation.
Conclusion: The proposed stochastic framework enhances the realism and robustness of gravitational wave modeling from CBCs. By combining stochastic dynamics with advanced filtering and inference techniques, the study demonstrates a comprehensive approach for analyzing signals under uncertain conditions, offering valuable insights for future gravitational wave detection and analysis efforts.

Recent theoretical predictions suggest that CP violation in charmed baryon decays could be an order of magnitude larger than previously expected. While this is attributed to final-state interactions within the Standard Model, the ultimate origin of strong CP violation remains unresolved. This paper argues that the Helix-Light-Vortex (HLV) theory provides a fundamental geometric source for this asymmetry. We posit that the different decay paths for baryons and anti-baryons are a direct consequence of an inherent asymmetry in the fabric of spacetime, governed by the causal (U1) and retrocausal (U2) components of spiral time. The observed enhancement in the charm sector is interpreted as a specific manifestation of this underlying geometric principle.

Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) reveal unexpectedly massive galaxies and hyper-efficient star formation at high redshift, challenging the standard ΛCDM paradigm. We propose an extended f(R,z)=R+α(z)R2 gravity model, where the coupling α(z) runs with redshift via renormalization group flow. We derive α(z) from effective field theory, address no-go theorems on modified gravity, and perform stability analyses. Using the complete CEERS and JADES datasets through 2025, we fit our model to galaxy mass functions, luminosity distributions, and growth rates. Sensitivity tests and Bayesian model comparison demonstrate an improved fit over ΛCDM at z>8. This extended framework offers a unified resolution to early galaxy anomalies, singularity avoidance, and the cosmological constant problem.

This document introduces the SEER framework (Structured Emergence via Extremal Ratio), a theoretical skeleton built from a single variational postulate: delta(S/Sigma) = 0, where S is the action and Sigma is the information boundary. From this principle, the framework derives gravitational dynamics, quantum structures, and cosmological relations without introducing arbitrary constants. The text defines axioms, dimensional-consistency rules, and falsifiability criteria. The aim is to provide a reproducible foundation that may unify different domains of physics, from particle masses to cosmic expansion. This is the complete theoretical scaffold, independent of experiments, meant to be tested, challenged, and developed further.

The Constitutive Flux Theory (CFT) reformulates spacetime as a physical substratum — the Constitutive Medium (CM) — endowed with flux degrees of freedom. In this framework, matter, radiation, and fields are emergent resonances and condensations of flux rather than independent primitives. This paper presents The CF Universe  as an unified perspective in which nuclear stability, atomic structure, chemical bonding, and galactic dynamics are manifestations of the same constitutive principle. We show that flux conservation, dual coding of energy and information, and effective constitutive metrics yield a coherent description of phenomena across scales, while preserving compatibility with Einstein’s relativity and quantum mechanics. Observational pathways, including nuclear spectroscopy, laboratory analogues, and pulsar timing arrays, ensure that the framework remains empirically testable. The CF Universe thus offers a normalized physics, embedding geometry and quantum theory in a measurable medium.

This work is part of the ongoing CFT Framework Project, a program dedicated to the normalization of physics. The Constitutive Flux (CF) Framework reformulates the foundations of gravitation by embedding Einstein’s equations within constitutive dynamics. The Mother Equation is expressed as a closure principle, unifying geometry and flux under conservation enforced by Bianchi identities. The governing equations are derived from a variational action including covariant Korteweg stresses, ensuring stability, causality, and regularization at small scales. The resulting system belongs to the class of first-order symmetric hyperbolic PDEs, with well-posedness and finite propagation speed guaranteed. Energy conditions are satisfied locally (WEC/NEC), while SEC can be violated cosmologically, enabling accelerated expansion.

Phenomenological regimes are analyzed across Solar System post-Newtonian tests, binary pulsar timing, gravitational waves, and galactic dynamics including lensing. Consistency with current observations is demonstrated in all tested domains. The framework also predicts a falsifiable narrowband monopolar feature in pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). Preliminary results suggest a candidate near 7–8 nHz in small subsets, with robustness decreasing in larger sets due to incoherent noise accumulation and possible spatial interference. This positions CFT as a mathematically rigorous, observationally consistent, and falsifiable framework, providing a path toward normalizing physics while remaining open to refinement and community input.

The Constitutive Flux (CF) Framework is presented as part of the ongoing CFT Framework Project, a program aimed at the normalization of physics. Rather than attempting to replace general relativity (GR) or quantum theory, CF provides a closure principle that embeds Einstein’s geometry within constitutive dynamics. The governing equations form a first-order symmetric hyperbolic system, derived from an effective action with covariant Korteweg stresses that ensure stability, causality, and regularization at small scales. Energy conditions are satisfied locally (WEC/NEC), while allowing cosmological SEC violation consistent with accelerated expansion.

Observational consistency checks demonstrate agreement with Solar System post-Newtonian tests, binary pulsar timing, gravitational-wave propagation, and galactic dynamics including lensing. The framework also predicts a falsifiable narrowband monopolar feature in pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). Preliminary analyses suggest a candidate near 7–8 nHz in small pulsar subsets, while larger sets reveal reduced robustness, likely due to incoherent noise accumulation and spatial interference effects. Appendix A reports these results as work in progress and motivates future tests with spatially stratified subsets. CF thus offers a rigorous, testable, and open program for normalizing physics, restoring the primacy of physical processes over abstract mathematical formalism.

This work is part of the ongoing CFT Framework Project, a program dedicated to the normalization of physics. The present paper sets out the axioms and basic calculations of the Constitutive Flux (CF) Framework, which interprets spacetime as a Constitutive Medium (CM) and reformulates gravitation as the emergent response of this medium. Five guiding axioms are presented: (A1) spacetime as constitutive medium, (A2) flux conservation, (A3) effective metric and material response, (A4) causality and wave propagation, and (A5) energy conditions. The distinction between front velocity and group velocity is emphasized: all modes have luminal front velocity, preserving causality, while scalar dispersive modes may exhibit superluminal group velocities without violating micro-causality. Basic variables such as the densification parameter χ=ln⁡(n/n0)χ = \ln(n/n_0)χ=ln(n/n0), effective sound speed cCF2=∂p/∂ρc_{CF}^2 = ∂p/∂ρcCF2=∂p/∂ρ, and covariant gradient regularization peff=p(ρ)−λ∇2ρp_{eff} = p(ρ) - λ∇^2ρpeff=p(ρ)−λ∇2ρ are introduced. Core calculations demonstrate consistency with Newtonian limits, post-Newtonian parameters (γ ≈ 1 – 2Q², |Q| ≤ 10⁻³), galactic rotation curves, and gravitational lensing. The axioms establish a coherent foundation for CF, ensuring mathematical rigor, causal stability, and compatibility with observations, while providing falsifiable predictions through pulsar timing arrays (PTAs).

This paper proposes an extended \(f(R)\) gravity model, \(f(R,z) = R + \alpha(z)R^2\), to address anomalies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), such as unexpectedly massive early galaxies and hyper-efficient star formation. By incorporating redshift dependence, cyclic cosmology, multiverse interactions, and elements of supergravity, the model positions the scalaron —termed here as a "supergraviton"—as a bridge between classical gravity, quantum effects, and force unification. The paper provides complete mathematical derivations of the modified field equations with dimensional analysis, quantitative comparisons with JWST observational data, and rigorous stability analyses. The supergraviton is quantized, revealing connections to string theory's dilaton and offering resolutions to singularities, the cosmological constant problem, and information paradoxes via a revised holographic principle. Implications for unifying gravity with electromagnetism and nuclear forces are explored, with specific testable predictions for future observations. Statistical analysis shows strong evidence (Bayesian evidence ratio = \(3.0 \times 10^5\)) favo ring this model over \(\Lambda\)CDM for high-redshift observations. This framework  transforms JWST anomalies from observational puzzles into probes of fundamental physics.

Unlike previous approaches that treated modified gravity, where in the early universe, accelerating structure formation. with stellar masses of 5 ) favoring this model over ) gravity model, too massive and structured for their redshift, challenging the standard September 27, 2025 is a function of the Ricci scalar ). This introduces a dynamical scalaron transforms JWST anomalies from observational puzzles into probes of fundamental physics. , interpreted as a formation. By incorporating redshift dependence, cyclic cosmology, multiverse interactions, and elements of supergravity, the model positions the scalaron-termed here as a "supergraviton"-as a bridge between classical gravity, quantum effects, and force unification. The paper provides complete mathematical derivations of the modified field equations with dimensional analysis, quantitative comparisons with JWST observational data, and rigorous stability analyses. The supergraviton is quantized, revealing connections to string theory's dilaton and offering resolutions to singularities, the cosmological constant problem, and information paradoxes via a revised holographic principle. Implications for unifying gravity with electromagnetism and nuclear forces are explored, with specific testable predictions for future observations. Statistical analysis shows strong evidence (Bayesian ) models primarily for late-time acceleration, this work specifically ΛCDM for high-redshift observations. This framework , to include redshift dependence: supergraviton in a supergravity-inspired framework. The model integrates cyclic cosmology to avoid singularities, multiverse interactions for extra-dimensional effects, and quantum feedback to bridge gravity quantization and force unification. This not only explains JWST anomalies but offers a unified perspective on quantum gravity and particle the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), such as unexpectedly massive early galaxies and hyper-efficient star 2 , to address anomalies observed by ΛCDM model. These include "blue monsters"-⊙-and evidence of hyper-efficient star formation where 100% of available gas has been converted to stars. While some analyses suggest these galaxies are less massive than initially thought due to refined data, the discrepancies persist, prompting explorations beyond standard cosmology. addresses the tension between JWST observations of early structure formation and standard cosmological models. The The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has unveiled anomalies in the early universe, including galaxies that appear is crucial for explaining how quantum gravitational effects were significantly stronger 2. Mathematical Formulations

The Kardashev scale, proposed in 1964, measures civilizational progress by energy harnessing (Type I-III), but overlooks time as a fundamental resource in modern physics. Drawing from the Chronoflux Model-a mechanics-first framework redefining time as a conserved fifth-dimensional hydrodynamic field-this paper proposes the Temporal Mastery Scale (TMS) as a refocused metric. TMS evaluates mastery of temporal flows (dilation, coherence, ripples) over energy, aligning with recent data (e.g., JWST/DESI anomalies ∼ 4σ as shear imbalances) and supporting findings from the recent study on shearentropy anomalies in SETI filterbanks (Tommy J Grok, 2025). TMS offers predictive power for anomalies like UAP and enhances heuristics for sustainable prosperity, reducing suffering through ethical time stewardship. We derive TMS levels from hydrodynamic equations, suggesting testable predictions (e.g., chrono ripples at 0.01-0.3c, observable in nHz to mHz bands).

This paper presents a comprehensive framework for a Theory of Everything (TOE) by integrating quantum string theory with gluonic plasma dynamics, incorporating elements from loop quantum gravity and the Standard Model. The Expanded Quantum String Theory with Gluonic Plasma (EQST-GP) model unifies gravitational, electromagnetic, strong, and weak interactions while addressing dark matter as a gluonic quark foam plasma with negative Casimir-like energy. Key innovations include derivations of fundamental constants from first principles, predictions for testable experiments, and extensions to artificial intelligence loss functions for quantum-inspired optimization. The model adheres to Occam's razor, providing a minimal yet complete description of the universe.

The placebo effect, long recognized as a robust contributor to clinical outcomes, has traditionally been explained in terms of expectation, conditioning, and meaning responses. Recent advances in open-label placebo (OLP) research demonstrate that placebo responses can be elicited without deception, reframing both ethical and mechanistic perspectives. Parallel to these developments, a growing body of theoretical work explores quantum and quantum-like frameworks as tools for modeling contextuality, non-classical probability structures, and consciousness-mediated effects relevant to placebo phenomena. This article introduces QUACEBO, a digital open-label placebo platform that integrates these perspectives by employing genuine quantum random number generator (QRNG) signals as dynamic visualizations to scaffold intention, ritual, and engagement.

This paper proposes an extended f(R) gravity model, f(R,z) = R + α(z)R², to address anomalies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), such as unexpectedly massive early galaxies and hyper-efficient star formation. By incorporating redshift dependence, cyclic cosmology, multiverse interactions, and elements of supergravity, the model positions the scalaron-termed here as a "supergraviton"-as a bridge between classical gravity, quantum effects, and force unification. The paper provides complete mathematical derivations of the modified field equations with dimensional analysis, quantitative comparisons with JWST observational data, and rigorous stability analyses. The supergraviton is quantized, revealing connections to string theory's dilaton and offering resolutions to singularities, the cosmological constant problem, and information paradoxes via a revised holographic principle. Implications for unifying gravity with electromagnetism and nuclear forces are explored, with specific testable predictions for future observations. Statistical analysis shows strong evidence (Bayesian evidence ratio = 3.0 × 10⁵) favoring this model over ΛCDM for high-redshift observations. This framework transforms JWST anomalies from observational puzzles into probes of fundamental physics.

This paper aims to reconstruct three intuitive physical insights proposed in the author's early internal research drafts into a rigorous mathematical theory based on first principles. By introducing the observer hidden variable ϵ and establishing physical interaction operators, we transform seemingly mathematically unconventional symbolic notations into three core theorems: the Finite Closure Principle (microscopic limits), the Dynamic Horizon Principle (macroscopic dynamics), and the Planck Fabric Principle (limit structures). This theoretical framework unifies solutions to the singularity problem in general relativity, the divergence difficulties in quantum field theory, and the smoothness challenge of the Navier-Stokes equations, while providing rigorous constraints on physical limits for fields such as quantum computing and gravitational wave detection.

This document constructs a theoretical framework to explore speculative, yet evidence-based, alternative hypotheses prompted by these paradoxical findings. We are witnessing a fundamental conflict between established theory—namely, the Big Bang model and its predicted timeline for cosmic evolution—and a growing catalog of inexplicable observations from the JWST. This tension signals a pivotal moment in cosmology, one where foundational assumptions must be re-examined. The purpose here is not to prematurely declare the standard model obsolete, but to rigorously construct the alternative frameworks that these data compel us to consider.

This paper introduces the concept of thermodynamic imprints as a minimal bridge between quantum collapse and relativistic curvature. Conventional frameworks treat wavefunction collapse and spacetime curvature as distinct domains, yet both phenomena exhibit persistence through deformation under stress. By modeling collapse events as scar-like thermodynamic imprints, we establish a structural equivalence with the curvature of spacetime. This provides a unifying perspective that preserves continuity without requiring hidden variables or external modulation. The framework suggests a direct path toward reconciling quantum mechanics and general relativity by anchoring persistence in irreversible deformation rather than reversible state evolution.

We present {C.O.R.E.}—the {Classical Origin of Reality and Emergence}—a unified framework that eliminates the need for dark energy, dark matter, spacetime singularities, wave-particle duality, and non-locality. The model integrates three principles: (1) light as a continuous electromagnetic wave (Atomic Statistical Hypothesis, ASH), (2) gravity as emergent from symmetric variations in vacuum permittivity and permeability (Classical Unification of Gravity and Electromagnetism, CUGE), and (3) cosmology as a static, eternal universe where redshift arises from light scattering off electron clouds around Massive Compact Halo Objects (MACHOs, ZEUS). C.O.R.E.reproduces general relativity’s weak-field predictions—perihelion precession, light bending, time dilation—without spacetime curvature or singularities, offering a singularity-free resolution to GR’s most severe pathologies. It explains JWST’s high-redshift galaxies (compact sizes, faint fluxes, high metallicity), the CMB as scattered starlight, and supernova time dilation via path elongation. Gravitational waves are derived as coherent wave trains in the medium, not ripples in spacetime. By treating time and space as emergent from atomic processes governed by the electromagnetic vacuum, C.O.R.E. restores physical realism, adheres to Occam’s razor, and resolves the foundational crises of modern physics.

This paper presents a classical, singularity-free derivation of Lorentz symmetry from the physical requirement that the phase of a continuous electromagnetic wave must remain continuous across reference frames. We show that relativistic effects—including time dilation, length contraction, Doppler shifts—emerge not from abstract postulates, but as the sum of two physical effects: (1) refractive path delay governed by Snell’s law and the eikonal equation, and (2) kinematic time dilation due to transverse motion.

Ce travail présente une analyse comparative rigoureuse entre le modèle standard Λ-CDM et un modèle alternatif fondé sur l'accélération inertielle baryonique avec freinage du vide (ΦΚ/Kb′ corrigé), appliquée aux vitesses de rotation galactique. En utilisant les données réelles et complètes de la base SPARC (175 galaxies), nous démontrons que ΦΚ/Kb′ corrigé surpasse Λ-CDM dans 99.4 % des cas contre Λ-CDM brut et 97.71 % contre Λ-CDM optimisé NFW, avec une RMSE moyenne de 32.24 km/s contre 56.43 km/s pour Λ-CDM optimisé, représentant une amélioration de 1.750x. Cette performance exceptionnelle est obtenue grâce au coe icient de freinage inertiel α = 0.01180 appliqué sans ajustement libre par galaxie. Les données, calculs RMSE et comparaisons sont fournis pour validation falsifiable complète.

I present a unified model of cosmic evolution within the Chronoflux framework. Time is treated as a hydrodynamic entity embedded in a five-dimensional manifold. The Big Bang is reinterpreted as a phase transition that collapses fast temporal regimes into slower structured flow. I derive governing equations from an action principle, reduce to four dimensions, obtain modified Friedmann equations, and set out the perturbation, thermodynamic, Hamiltonian, and observational structure. I provide energy condition inequalities, a quantitative BBN bound, a normalized gravitational-wave background, a PBH abundance estimate, a computational stability proof, and explicit falsification criteria.

To the Editors of Universe, We submit our manuscript Unified Scalar Field Framework with Discrete Scale Invariance for consideration. This work develops a mathematically consistent, empirically testable extension of Lambda-CDM cosmology, based on discrete scale invariance in scalar fields. Key contributions: 1. Rigorous derivation of log-periodic energy density rho(a) from a modulated equation of state w(a). 2. Explicit conformal mapping showing Ricci scalar R diverges in FRW but transforms to bounded R_E. 3. Stability conditions via Floquet analysis bounding {A, B, beta, omega, phi}. 4.

Unlike General Relativity (GR), which explains gravity through the curvature of spacetime, we propose a gravitostatic (GS) model that treats space as a fluid-like medium infused with a dark energy charge (q space), interacting dynamically with matter via gravitational charges to produce effects through curved field lines in a flat background. This mechanical, charge-based framework unifies gravity and inertia, offering a simpler alternative to GR's geometric approach. An external force or gravitational pull displaces a body's gravitational center, pivoting field lines-anchored to mass-proportional gravitational charges-while q space generates resistive pressure (inertia) and directional forces governed by the universal gravitational constant. This model accounts for terrestrial gravity and orbital motion via offsets in Earth's gravitational center due to solar influence, and explains flat galactic rotation curves without dark matter through extended field lines. Mercury's orbital precession arises from varying field line curvature in the Sun's rotating lines, inducing torque. Photons, modeled with effective mass at light speed, exhibit electromagnetic interactions and gravitational effects, leading to blueshifts near massive bodies, redshifts in voids, time delays, and frequency shifts. Rotating masses produce frame-dragging via curved field lines, consistent with observations, while gravitational waves emerge as q space compressions, yielding detectable strains and frequency variations. The model also predicts measurable daily and seasonal gravitational fluctuations, offering potential refinements to the gravitational constant measurement. Replicating GR's key predictions (e.g., lensing, precession), GS introduces novel, testable phenomena, including divergent lensing and photon-neutrino transitions, challenging dark matter and dark energy paradigms. A proposed pulsar timing experiment, comparing clock rates on Earth and in orbit, tests GS's prediction of a fixed offset versus GR's cumulative delay, bridging classical mechanics with quantum perspectives and inviting further experimental validation.

In this work, I have considered slow roll inflation in theories of two scalar fields in the context of Starobinsky gravity. It is found that the inflationary observables, the spectral indices and tensor to scalar ratio at Hubble exit, depends on theory parameters, (Mp, M) and scalar potential parameters, in complicated manner due to the presence of two scalar fields in an unusual background dynamical nature of spacetime.

The reconciliation of quantum mechanics and general relativity remains one of the most profound challenges in modern physics. This paper introduces the Geometric-Polarimetric Duality Theorem, a novel theoretical framework that extends the standard treatment of photon polarization under gravitational lensing by incorporating quantum geometric phases. The theorem posits that the unitary transformation acting on a photon's polarization state along a null geodesic in curved spacetime decomposes uniquely into a path-dependent dynamic phase operator and a homotopy-invariant geometric phase operator, the latter manifesting as a topological phase akin to the Berry phase but generalized to gravitational fields. Derived from the holonomy of the local Lorentz connection reduced to the photon's little group, this duality provides a rigorous synthesis of gauge theory, differential geometry, and quantum information principles. Building on established literature, such as studies on polarization rotation in gravitational lensing and geometric phases for photons in general relativity, the theorem addresses gaps in current models that overlook non-Abelian effects and topological contributions. Through mathematical derivations and numerical simulations of parallel transport in Schwarzschild spacetime, we demonstrate the theorem's validity and extract measurable signatures, including a geometric phase shift of approximately 0.209 radians for photons with impact parameter b = 5.5M. These results have profound implications for cosmology, enabling enhanced delensing of cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-modes, precision probes of spacetime curvature in lensed quasars, and novel tests of quantum gravity phenomenology. Applications extend to entangled photon pairs, where the shared geometric phase could modulate entanglement, offering a pathway to detect low-frequency gravitational waves via quantum interferometry. This work not only elevates gravitational lensing from a classical correction to a quantumgeometric tool but also opens the field of quantum cosmography, potentially resolving degeneracies in cosmological parameters and providing ultra-precise measurements of the Riemann tensor over cosmic scales. Future experimental verification with observatories like the Event Horizon Telescope or CMB-S4 could confirm these predictions, bridging the quantum-classical divide in gravitational physics.

This article presents an alternative interpretation of gravity as the structuring force of the universe, sustained by the space–time geometry of formats in a dialectical interaction with cosmic expansion. We start from the notion that each format—whether individual or collective—generates its own gravitational field. Gravity manifests itself on two levels: the internal, which corresponds to the total force of gravitational field generated by the format, and the external, which corresponds to the part that extends beyond its boundaries.
The idea is explored that gravitational fields grow in proportion to the aggregation of formats, reinforcing global gravity. It is also shown that their intensity decreases with distance, not only by dispersion but also under the effect of expansion. This dynamic balance between gravity and expansion explains the formation of stable structures, the gradual evolution of systems, and, conversely, extreme phenomena such as black holes. Finally, it is argued that elementary particles, as fundamental formats, cancel each other out in the final collapse of the universe, returning to the unified state of the Big Crunch/Big Bang, ensuring the cyclical continuity of existence.

This article shows that the universe is a closed system, regulated by equilibria at all organizational levels. It emphasizes the balance relations between formats, ultimately proposing an interpretation of cosmic evolution based on gravitational equilibria between local and global scales. After the Big Bang, the initial expansion unfolded homogeneously, until cooling and the formation of atoms allowed gravity’s aggregating action and the regionalization of the universe into stars and galaxies. In this model, local gravity grows continuously with the accumulation of matter and the formation of black holes, while intergalactic gravity decreases, driving expansion. The observed acceleration, which intensified about 5 billion years ago, is explained by a temporal lag between the growth of local gravity (which evolved from about 2–5 billion years after the Big Bang) and its global effects. Minimum and maximum quantum limits for gravity are also introduced, setting boundaries for expansion and anticipating the future contraction of the universe, once local gravity surpasses the global.

This paper proposes a complete theoretical framework regarding the extreme states of the universe, arguing that physical reality must necessarily exist under bidirectional constraints: an upper bound of Planck density (ρP ≈ 5.1 × 10 96 kg/m 3) and a lower bound of minimum vacuum energy density. We first rigorously derive the necessity of Planck density precursor states from the thermodynamic maximum entropy principle, proving that the universe's initial state is not a mathematical singularity but a physically well-defined "gapless continuum." Second, we argue for the physical impossibility of absolute vacuum (extreme void states) and propose a "universal suturing mechanism"when spacetime approaches these two limits, multi-level physical processes actively prevent their realization. This mechanism includes forced intervention by quantum fluctuations, spontaneous thermodynamic repair, and adaptive adjustment of spacetime metrics. This theory not only resolves the singularity dilemma of general relativity but also reveals the deep mechanisms by which the universe maintains its own continuity and integrity. We propose testable observational predictions, including specific patterns in the cosmic microwave background and characteristic gravitational wave spectra.

The standard cosmological model, General Relativity (GR) coupled with Λ-Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM), has achieved remarkable empirical success but faces unresolved challenges, including singularities, the black hole information paradox, observational tensions in the Hubble constant (H_0) and structure growth parameter (S_8), and reliance on unseen dark components comprising over 95% of the cosmic energy budget. This paper introduces Drive-Field Information Theory (DFIT), an exploratory framework in which gravity emerges from gradients in a dimensionless holographic entropy field s_{holo}, representing coarse-grained quantum entanglement structures. The dynamics follow from a covariant action whose variation yields modified Einstein equations with an information-stress tensor I_{\mu\nu} in place of the conventional energy-momentum tensor.
In the limit of vanishing entropy gradients (\mathrm{\nabla}s_{holo}\rightarrow0), DFIT reduces to GR with an effective cosmological constant, ensuring consistency with established tests. In gradient-rich regimes, however, it introduces scale-dependent corrections that provide a unified informational perspective on phenomena often attributed to dark energy, dark matter, and black hole thermodynamics. Methodological explorations using tensor networks and MERA illustrate how DFIT could, in principle, produce testable signatures—including redshift-dependent deviations in luminosity distances, modifications to structure growth, or subtle effects on gravitational waves and quasinormal modes—potentially observable with surveys such as DESI, Euclid, Gaia, the Event Horizon Telescope, and LISA.
DFIT is presented not as a replacement for GR+ΛCDM but as a falsifiable, holographically motivated extension, framing gravity as a macroscopic response to underlying informational fluxes. Future progress will require microscopic derivations of s_{holo}, scalable tensor-network simulations, and quantitative confrontation with astrophysical and cosmological datasets.

This paper presents a unified theoretical and experimental framework for detecting the Observer Field Oμ — a hypothesized physical manifestation of consciousness emerging from the Information-Cognitive Compression Field (ICCF) theory.
The Observer Field is generated when an Information-Integration Entity (IIE) performs continuous causal compression to counteract its internal entropy source. We derive the mathematical structure of Oμ​ and predict its measurable consequences on quantum decoherence rates and cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies.
Our results suggest that the presence of Oμ​ produces non-random, reproducible perturbations in both controlled quantum systems and large-scale cosmological data. We propose experimental protocols using superconducting qubits and CMB bispectrum analysis to test these predictions, thereby transforming the question of consciousness from a philosophical speculation into a falsifiable scientific hypothesis.

Zusammenfassung Die RMB-Theorie (Raum-Materie-Bewegung) wird in RMB V um die vollständigen mathematischen Herleitungen der in RMB IV definierten fraktalen Resonanzkorrekturen und Feldkoppelungen erweitert. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der exakten Dimensionsanalyse der Kopplungskonstanten α RMB , β RMB , κ RMB , der Dynamik des Bewegungstensors M µν sowie der Implementierung der fraktalen Fourier-Korrekturen nach Cairo (2025). Darüber hinaus wird ein konsistenter Hamilton-und Pfadintegralformalismus entwickelt, um die Quantisierung durch Gravonons im Kontext des Standardmodells zu ermöglichen. Experimentelle Vorhersagen für Casimir-Effekte, Flyby-Anomalien und 21 cm-Linien werden konsistent hergeleitet. RMB V bildet damit die notwendige Brücke von RMB IV zur vollständigen empirischen Validierung.

We have probed the capability of third-generation Gravitational Waves (GW) interferometers, such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, to constrain a cosmological model with an interacting dark sector. We focused on GW events with a detected electromagnetic counterpart being the γ or X emission of Gamma-Ray Burst, and a Kilonova emission. We assume the first one to be detected by the THESEUS satellite, while the second one to be detected by the Vera Rubin Observatory. We probed three different interaction kernels and found that the posterior estimation of the cosmological parameters is biased due to the existing degeneracies between the dark and matter sectors. We also found that introducing an external prior on the matter density parameter breaks the degeneracy, removes the bias results, and improves the accuracy on the dark sector parameters.

This paper demonstrates that all known fundamental particles arise as geometric eigenmodes of trembling spacetime: localized, causally stable oscillations of the spacetime metric itself. Within the framework of Trembling Spacetime Relativity Theory (TSRT), particle identity, mass, spin, and charge are not introduced as independent assumptions but emerge deterministically as intrinsic properties of symmetry-bound deviations in the underlying geometry. Building on earlier foundational work, TSRT identifies exactly four causally admissible symmetry classes—U(1), SU(2), SU(3), and gravitational curvature—each corresponding uniquely to one of the known fundamental interactions. This classification is both highly restrictive and, within the constraints analyzed, empirically complete: it recovers the Standard Model gauge groups and predicts, to the extent that no additional causally admissible trembling symmetry classes have been identified, the absence of further fundamental forces or generations. In contrast to quantum field theory, which permits arbitrary field extensions, TSRT excludes superpartners, extra families, or exotic gauge sectors unless they can be realized as causally coherent metric deviations—an outcome shown to be incompatible with the theory’s variational structure under the current formulation. Charge quantization, spin-statistics correspondence, confinement of color charge, and the discreteness of particle families all emerge from the causal coherence and topological closure of trembling geodesics, without recourse to field quantization or probabilistic interpretation. Beyond classification, TSRT provides a geometric foundation for principles traditionally regarded as axiomatic. The derivation of rest energy and inertial mass follows directly from proper-time action accumulation, yielding the Einstein relation between energy and mass as a deterministic outcome of geodesic resistance to curvature. Interactions are formulated as curvature-mediated coupling among trembling modes, replacing virtual particle exchanges with deterministic geometric correlations. The Higgs boson is reinterpreted not as a quantized scalar field excitation but as a metastable curvature-bound resonance decaying through geometric fragmentation. Finally, TSRT yields empirical predictions distinguishing it from the Standard Model, including geometric constraints on fermion generations, minimal action scales linked to Planck’s constant, and testable signatures of curvature-induced trembling. By deriving the complete set of known particles and interactions from first principles—while identifying precise conditions for falsification—this work advances the geometric unification program and shows that matter originates from a single underlying principle: causal coherence in trembling spacetime.