Geological Oceanography

The continental shelf of Northeast Brazil is a unique geological region, consisting of shallow-water rhodolith beds. However, very little information exists about the complexity of this part of the continental shelf and its biogenic sedimentation. The present study analysed the characteristics of rhodoliths (size, shape and structure) and compares these characteristics with the associated sediments (Grain size, biogenic composition and percentage of CaCO3). The study area was located on a sandstone reef area on the inner continental shelf of Northeast Brazil. Our results show that recently dead rhodoliths are the main component of the pebble fraction with mean diameter near to 2 cm. The focal area is characterised by beds of rhodoliths, featuring individuals of all shapes (discoidal, ellipsoidal and spheroidal), with the ellipsoidal shape being the most abundant. The larger rhodoliths exhibited a near spheroidal shape, and their outer growth forms show high branching density (BIV). The associated sediment was predominantly composed of carbonate from marine fauna and flora, and calcareous algae contributed most to the sand fraction of the sediments. Foraminifera and molluscs were the most abundant biogenic fauna associated with the sediment. The grain size of the sediment was mostly medium and coarse carbonate sand. The results illustrate that there are correlations between the morphology of rhodoliths and the associated sediment. The biogenic composition of the sediment (Rhodophyta and Rizopoda) was correlated with different branching densities of rhodoliths (BII and BIV). The distribution of the sediment grain size also correlated with size, shape (diameter and sphericity) and structure (Branching BIII and BIV) of rhodoliths. Therefore, our results highlight that the correlations between associated sediment and diameter of rhodoliths is a reflection of the abiotic conditions, being principally determined by depth and hydrodynamic energy.

ABSTRAK Sungai comal yang berada di Kabupaten Pemalang ini bermuara di Pantai Utara Jawa. Berdasarkan studi data sekunder yang menggunakan penelitian Citra Landsat 7 ETM+ hasil rekaman tahun 2002 menunjukan bentukan delta muara sungai Comal yang mengalami perubahan membentuk " cuspate ". Genesa bentukan delta cuspate ini bisa disebabkan Sungai Comal tersebut mengangkut material sedimen yang disebarkan di Laut Jawa dan diendapkan kembali di sepanjang garis pantai oleh aktivitas gelombang laut mengakibatkan kawasan pesisir utara Pulau Jawa mengalami akresi atau pengendapan. Kemudian dalam beberapa periode, bentukan delta Sungai Comal mengalami beberapa perubahan bentukan. Hal ini terjadi diperkirakan karena arah muara sungai Comal yang selalu berpindah-pindah sesuai dengan pasokan air dari anak-anak sungai dan inflluks sedimen yang dibawa, serta adanya pengaruh iklim dan aktivitas gelombang arus. Maksud penulisan paper ini adalah unutuk mengetahui genesa bentukan delta cuspate di Sungai Comal berdasarkan influx sedimen. Serta penulisan paper ini bertujuan untuk memberika gambaran mengenai perubahan morfologi delta muara sungai Comal pada periode tertentu yang dapat dijadikan acuan dalam perencanaan tata ruang dan penggunaan lahan kawasan tersebut. Paper ini ditulis dengan menggunakan studi kasus pada data-data sekunder dari paper yang telah ada.

Dois compartimentos do litoral sul fluminense (SE do Brasil) foram avaliados quanto a resposta da linha de costa às forçantes meteo-oceanográficas nas escalas temporais de longo e médio prazo, bem como foram mapeados os graus de vulnerabilidade à erosão e inundação costeira. Os compartimentos analisados correspondem à restinga da Marambaia, uma ilha barreira de 40km com exígua ocupação urbana, e os arcos praiais Macumba e Recreio-Barra, com extensão de 20km e altamente urbanizados.Na escala de longo prazo (1986 a 2018), foram utilizadas séries históricas de imagens de satélite Landsat, dados de reanálise de ondas do modelo WaveWatch3, registros meteorológicos de uma estação do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia do Brasil (INMET) e medições do nível médio do mar por meio de um marégrafo localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Adicionalmente, foram utilizados os índices climáticos Oscilação Sul, Decadal do Pacífico e Multidecadal do Atlântico para avaliar possíveis teleconexões climáticas. Na escala de médio prazo (2016 a 2018), foram levantados, mensalmente, onze perfis topográficos e coletadas amostras de sedimentos da face de praianas praias da Macumba e Recreio-Barra. Complementarmente foram adquiridos os registros de boias oceanográficas ao largo da costa fluminense, em águas profundas e águas rasas, para caracterização hidrodinâmica durante as campanhas amostrais. Estas informações permitiram estimar as taxas de transporte longitudinal a partir de três modelos: CERC, Kamphuis e Bayram. Por fim, todas estas informações permitiram elaborar um Índice de Vulnerabilidade Costeira à erosão e inundação para a área de estudo. De modo geral, 28% da linha de costa encontra-se sob erosão, 32% encontra-se estável e 40% está avançando. No período analisado, foram contabilizados pouco mais de 400 eventos de tempestade, que durante os anos de La Niña foram mais energéticos e culminaram em uma erosão mais severa, em especial na Marambaia. O nível do mar na costa fluminense apresenta tendência de aumento (2,42 mm/ano), porém com leve desaceleração no período de 1989 a 2017 (1,93 mm/ano). Relativo às taxas de transporte sedimentar longitudinal, notam-se que os maiores valores estão associados à ondas de tempestade, com transporte para leste quando há incidência de ondas de SW, e para oeste quando há incidência de ondas de SE. O reflexo destes resultados, somado aos graus de ocupação urbana nas praias estudadas, exibem baixa vulnerabilidade no setor oeste da Marambaia, enquanto que os setores central e extremo leste configuram-se como altamente vulneráveis. Na Macumba o setor oeste exibe baixa vulnerabilidade, em contraste com o setor leste que é muito vulnerável. No arco Recreio-Barra nota-se o aumento da vulnerabilidade de oeste (moderada) para leste (muito alta). Estes resultados indicam que a influência antrópica tem um papel importante em áreas que são naturalmente propensas à alta vulnerabilidade, exigindo maior compreensão das condições naturais associadas às intervenções antrópicas.

Oleh: Arif Nuf Faozi H1K014030 Pengertian Sedimen Menurut Pinkin et al. (1977) dalam Siswanto (2007) sedimen didefinisikan sebagai pecahan dari batuan, mineral, atau materi organik yang ditransportasikan dari berbagai tempat dan didepositkan oleh angin, air dan es. Sementara menurut Bates dan Jackson (1987), sedimen adalah material bahan padat, berasal dari batuan yang mengalami proses pelapukan; peluluhan (disintegration); pengangkutan oleh air, angin dan gaya gravitasi; serta pengendapan atau terkumpul oleh proses atau agen alam sehingga membentuk lapisan-lapisan di permukaan bumi yang padat atau tidak terkonsolidasi. Jadi dapat diartikan sedimen laut merupakan hasil dari kikisan batuan atau mineral akibat proses pelapukan kemudian terbawa oleh angin dan air ke laut yang akhirnya mengalami pengendapan di dasar perairan. Hal tersebut dapat diartikan segala suspensi yang terdapat dalam air kecuali zat organik hidup termasuk ke dalam sedimen. Hampir seluruh permukaan dasar perairan laut merupakan endapan sedimen. Untuk memudahkan mengenalinya maka ada beberapa pengelompokan. Salah satu yang mudah yaitu dengan mengelompokkannya berdasarkan ukuran butir sedimen. Hal tersebut bisa dilakukan dengan cara mengambil sampel menggunakan sediman grab untuk sedimen dasar dan Botol nansen (water sampler) untuk sedimen tersuspensi. Dan dipisahkan menggunakan Sieve shaker berdasarkan ukuran (Atmodjo, 2011). Macam-macam sedimen bardasarkan ukuran yaitu pasir, pasir berlumpur dan lumpur (Riniatsih, 2009). Sediman di alam banyak di amati dengan menganalisis ukuran. Sedimen berukuran kecil cenderung melayang-layang dalam air, karena sifatnya yang ringan dan mudah terbawa air (Atmodjo, 2011). Sehingga sedimen ini disebut partikel tersuspendi dan sering menyebabkan perairan keruh. Kekeruhan pada perairan sangat mempengaruhi aktivitas biota di dalamnya, terutama biota yang memerlukan cahaya seperti lamun, terumbu karang, dan algae. Dimana semakin keruh maka akan menghambat cahaya masuk yang menyababkan terhambatnya pertumbuhan biota tersebut akibat proses fotosintesis yang terganggu (Ghufran, 2010; Ghufran, 2011). Namun kita dapat memperoleh informasi kecepatan dan arah arus dengan adanya sedimen tersuspensi, yaitu dengan menggunakan ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler). Sumber Sedimen Sedimen pasir berawal dari material induk berbagai jenis batuan yang berada di daratan sebagai akibat proses pelapukan mekanik seperti hujan, angin, dan lain-lain serta pelapukan kimiawi seperti kelembaban, temperatur, kondisi asam yang menyebabkan batuan induk terpecah menjadi kerikil/kerakal atau terurai menjadi tanah (Friedman, 1978 dalam Setiady dan Darlan, 2012. Komponen batuan yang tahan terhadap pelapukan akan tetap identik dengan batuan induknya dengan ukuran pasir dan lanau. Sementara komponen batuan yang tidak tahan akan terurai menjadi mineral, nutrien, oksida besi dan alumina dengan ukuran yang sangat halus yakni lempung.

Numerical model simulations of tidal inlet hydrodynamics, sand transport and topographic change were performed using the Coastal Modeling System (CMS) to investigate the morphological response to time varying forcing, sediment texture, and the influence of rock reef outcrops within the Sebastian Inlet system. The presence or absence of rock within the inlet throat and in the surf zone on the south side of the inlet resulted in distinctive differences in topographic changes to the ebb shoal over a year long simulation. Comparisons between three sand transport formulations over a shorter period (2 months) showed some variation among the formulations, but predicted net topographic changes were well within an order of magnitude. Comparisons between predicted and measured net topographic changes demonstrated agreement in terms of pattern. Agreement in absolute terms improved as the model spatial resolution was refined by decreasing cell sizes.

Several mathematical models based on the textural parameters of sediments were used to study sediment transport in Todos Santos Bays, Baja Calfornia, Mexico. The transport paths obtained from the different models were compared with the known hydrodynamics and oceanography of the bay. The principal component analysis applied to textural parameters indicate that the sediment grain size and sorting significantly contribute to the spatial trends that define the dispersion pattern of sediments in coastal environments. The inclusion and consideration of all these parameters in the analysis has the advantage of generating a more robust definition of net sediment transport on the continental shelf.

PEMODELAN PASANG SURUT ASTRONOMIS TERENDAH
UNTUK PENENTUAN BATAS LAUT (STUDI KASUS: LAUT SULAWESI)
1Fajri D. Justitianto
1Oseanografer

Abstract
IHO (International Hydrographic Organization) has recommended the using of Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) as vertical datum in determining sea boundary since 1996. The use of LAT will increase the distance of the territorial sea boundary compared with that derived by Mean Low Water Spring (MLWS), which is still used in Indonesia as a reference to determine its marine boundary. In this study, increase of distance and area of Indonesian marine boundary have been calculated along coasts of East Kalimantan and North Sulawesi in the Sulawesi Sea based on the LAT by using a 2D horizontal hydrodynamic model.
The simulated results showed that the distances of sea boundary along the East Kalimantan coasts calculated based on the MLWS and LAT were in the ranges of 1.38-2552.3 m and 1.42-2675.9 m, respectively, in which they are associated with the area of about 197,859,159 m2 (based on the MLWS) and 207,492,751 m2 (based on the LAT). Therefore, based on the LAT, it was found increase of the distance and area of sea boundary of about 0.04-123.6 m and 9,633,592 m2, respectively, compared with those derived from the MLWS. Meanwhile, along the North Sulawesi coasts it were found that the distances (area) of marine boundary derived based on the MLWS and LAT were of about 9.9-530.2 m (92,270,158 m2) and 10.4-555.3 m (96,855,010 m2), respectively. In addition, based on the LAT, along the coasts of North Sulawesi it was found increase of the distance and area of sea boundary of about 0.5-25.1 m and 4,584,853 m2, respectively, compared with those derived from the MLWS.




Keywords: 2D horizontal hydrodynamic model, Sulawesi Sea, Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT), Mean Low Water Spring (MLWS).

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License AOMB.MS.ID.000517. Figure 1: Mangrove fruit which can be processed into crackers. Pigment of mangrove waste for hypoallergenic natural batik dye The use of mangrove waste as a natural dye pigment of batik is more environmentally friendly because the waste produced will not damage the land and sea environment and is more easily decomposed. In addition, the mangrove waste used is obtained directly from nature by taking fallen bark and leaves, at no cost at all because the principle used is to recycle organic "waste". Research found 6 species of mangroves that can be used as natural fabric dyes, namely Sorenasia alba, Rhizophora sp, Avecenia sp, Ceriops decandra, Lunicera sp each leaf and stem are used, except C. decandra, which is only used for leaves. The mangrove species Lunicera sp only uses lotus fixer solution on leaves and stems, while combined fixers are also used as treatment for processing Lunicera sp leaves [2]. The color produced by each type of mangrove Retention of fabric dyes from mangrove waste has not been widely studied and applied to batik cloth. The mangrove species of Rizhophora mucronata, which can produce light brown to maroon colors, has the potential to be applied as a unique fabric

Distinct methods have been developed to help determine sediment transport patterns in coastal environments, including the so-called grain-size trend analysis models (GSTA) that are based on the analysis of the spatial variability of grain-size parameters - mean (µ), standard deviation (σ) and skewness (Sk). In this paper, the GisedTrend plugin, which operates in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, was applied to improve the understanding of the sedimentary dynamics along Marambaia’s barrier island bayside margin. This feature partially isolates Sepetiba bay, located in the southern Rio de Janeiro coast, from the open ocean. Results showed that the barrier island sediments are predominantly medium, well-selected sands whereas samples collected beyond the 2-m isobath exhibit a progressive fining towards the deeper areas, where sediments are poorly-sorted fine silts. Four trend cases were evaluated and the results allowed the identification of areas of sediment removal or accumulation as well as to infer which mechanisms are responsible for the observed patterns, such as wind-generated currents, tides and the dispersal of suspended-sediment plumes.

The continental shelf of Northeast Brazil is a unique geological region, consisting of shallow-water rhodolith beds. However, very little information exists about the complexity of this part of the continental shelf and its biogenic sedimentation. The present study analysed the characteristics of rhodoliths (size, shape and structure) and compares these characteristics with the associated sediments (Grain size, biogenic composition and percentage of CaCO3). The study area was located on a sandstone reef area on the inner continental shelf of Northeast Brazil. Our results show that recently dead rhodoliths are the main component of the pebble fraction with mean diameter near to 2 cm. The focal area is characterised by beds of rhodoliths, featuring individuals of all shapes (discoidal, ellipsoidal and spheroidal), with the ellipsoidal shape being the most abundant. The larger rhodoliths exhibited a near spheroidal shape, and their outer growth forms show high branching density (BIV). The associated sediment was predominantly composed of carbonate from marine fauna and flora, and calcareous algae contributed most to the sand fraction of the sediments. Foraminifera and molluscs were the most abundant biogenic fauna associated with the sediment. The grain size of the sediment was mostly medium and coarse carbonate sand. The results illustrate that there are correlations between the morphology of rhodoliths and the associated sediment. The biogenic composition of the sediment (Rhodophyta and Rizopoda) was correlated with different branching densities of rhodoliths (BII and BIV). The distribution of the sediment grain size also correlated with size, shape (diameter and sphericity) and structure (Branching BIII and BIV) of rhodoliths. Therefore, our results highlight that the correlations between associated sediment and diameter of rhodoliths is a reflection of the abiotic conditions, being principally determined by depth and hydrodynamic energy.

The research work deals with the hydrogeological condition of Cox's Bazar area in Bangladesh. Most of the area is covered by northern part of Inani anticline. The structure is elongated, broad crest, steep flank, box-like and asymmetrical anticline. It is very hard to measure aquifer geometry of a complex geological area like Inani anticline. Hydrogeologically the study area broadly divided into two zones; Zone-1: Alluvium and Zone-2: Complex geology. From the analysis of the individual log and subsurface hydrostratigraphic sections, eight confined aquifer (Aquifer A, Aquifer B, Aquifer C, Aquifer D, Aquifer E, Aquifer F, Aquifer G and Aquifer H) and one unconfined aquifer (Aquifer O) observed in the Complex geology zone and the Alluvium zone in the study area respectively. The water tables in the confined aquifers are lies in high depth but in case of unconfined aquifer the water table lies near to the surface. From the structural geological condition and position of the aquifers, it is not possible to mixing sea water with groundwater from the western side of the study area where the Bay of Bengal is situated. The northern extension of the aquifers occurred in the area cut by the Bakkhali River channel. Although the area is structurally plunged and topography increase toward south, the major portion of the city area lies in the topographically low land near the Bakkhali River. If the fresh water from the aquifers is removed in the area by extensive pumping of water or sea level rises or cyclonic storm or tidal surges occur; sea water can be intruded into the zone.

And all things that can be known contain number; without this nothing could be thought or known (Philolaus, Fr. 4: Stobaeus Anth. I, 21, 7b) 

The old Pythagorean doctrine that numbers underlie our knowledge of the world is proved by the great progress of technology in the last years of the past century, which opened new perspectives of research in all fields of knowledge. The cognitive base of all progress is Mathematics and their applications, as all things are designed and con-structed according to specifications expressed by mathematical formulas.

Especially the rise of computer technology enabled the construction of appropriate digital models for the study of various physical phenomena in present, past and future. The use of New Technologies by scientists of various disciplines in their research to understand the ancient world, implies an interdisciplinary collaboration, which is absolutely necessary, if we wish to know the past of the earth, of our life and civilization.

This Symposium aims to our acquaintance with some of the new methods of research and their achievements in the understanding of the ancient world.

The Maritime Geo-archaeology can simulate the changes of the submarine crust of the earth through the centuries so that we can study the geological environment of submarine archaeological sites. Modern geodetic methods are used in the study of the astro-nomical orientation of monuments and their chronology. The most modern instruments of new technologies are used for modeling, simulation, investigation and reconstruction of accurate and operational copies of archaeological findings, as that of the Antikythera Mechanism. New methods based on new technologies are also used in the conservation of our cultural heritage (e.g. icons, manuscripts). Finally, the digitalization of ancient texts accompanied by interdisciplinary commentaries on them, with the possibility of continuous addition of new comments, opens new horizons in their research, study and understanding.

We report solid phase sulfur speciation of six cores from sediments underlying oxic, suboxic and anoxicsulfidic waters of the Black Sea. Our dataset includes the five sulfur species [pyrite-sulfur, acid volatile sulfides (AVS), zerovalent sulfur (S(0)), organic polysulfides (RS x ), humic sulfur] together with reactive iron and manganese, as quantified by dithionite extraction, and total organic carbon. Pyritesulfur was the major phase in all cores [200-400 µmol (g dry wt) -1 ] except for the suboxic core. However, zerovalent sulfur and humic sulfur also reached very significant levels: up to about 109 and 80 µmol (g dry wt) -1 , respectively. Humic sulfur enrichment was observed in the surface fluff layers of the eastern central basin sediments where Unit-1 type depositional conditions prevail. Elemental sulfur accumulated as a result of porewater sulfide oxidation by reactive iron oxides in turbidities from the anoxic basin margin and western central basin sediments. The accumulation of elemental sulfur to a level close to that of pyrite-S in any part of central Black Sea sediments has never been reported before and our finding indicates deep basin turbidites prevent the build-up of dissolved sulfide in the sediment. This process also contributes to diagenetic pyrite formation whereas in the non-turbiditic parts of the deep basin water column formed (syngenetic) pyrite dominates the sulfur inventory. In slope sediments under suboxic waters, organic sulfur (humic sulfur + organic polysulfides) account for 33-42% of total solid phase S, indicating that the suboxic conditions favor organosulfur formation. Our study shows that the interactions between depositional patterns (Unit 1 vs. turbidite), redox state of overlying waters (oxic-suboxic-sulfidic) and organic matter content determine sulfur speciation and enable the accumulation of elemental sulfur and organic sulfur species close to a level of pyrite-S.

The study is conducted for the effect of climate variables (rainfall, maximum temperature) on Aman rice production and mapping in Bangladesh. We used time series data for the last decade (2003-2012) for rainfall and maximum temperature from BMD (Bangladesh Meteorological Department) and BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics) respectively. From the combined trend of rainfall and maximum temperature intensity (determined by GIS mapping), geographically Bangladesh is divided into four regions such as; NorthEastern Region, SouthEastern Region, SouthWestern Region and NorthWestern Region, in this research. In NorthEastern regions Aman production is proportional to rainfall and maximum temperature does not prominent variables which indicate the rainfall effect the rice production prominently. In the SouthEastern region rainfall and maximum temperature both are in repetitive and show less effect on production which indicates other variables are prominent in this region. There may have salinity and soil condition effect on the Aman rice production of this region. In SouthWestern region the both variables are prominent in this region. We know that most the area of the region is situated under tidal effect which may be the cause of production decrease. In NorthWestern region Aman production increased though rainfall decreased so significantly also average maximum temperature was high in this region. It implies that maximum temperature is the dominant factor in this region which increases the Aman rice production significantly. So, effect of maximum temperature becoming the dominant variable continuously for Aman rice production in the last decade of Bangladesh.

This study aimed to develop a Geographic Information System (GIS), for storage of information and geographic location of apiaries in eight counties in western Paraná; study the local flora; the land used; and the honey productivity in the harvest of 2010 in two of these areas: Marechal Cândido Rondon and Santa Helena. In order to do so we used the software SPRING, delimiting a radius of action of bees of three kilometers around the apiaries. We interviewed and registered 126 beekeepers with 383 apiaries. By using the images we selected areas with greater and lower overlap of hives in Marechal Cândido Rondon (144 and 44 hives, respectively) and Santa Helena (165 and 40 hives, respectively), in a three kilometers radius, selecting 15 colonies in each area, for the study of the parameters cited. In the multivariate analysis of the grouping, five groups were formed, by their similarity of management, indicating the higher average production in the hives of the most populated area of San...

Transitional environments such as coastal lagoons with narrow connections to the sea are ecosystems very sensitive to natural or anthropogenic pressures. They are biodiversity hotspots and for this reason it should be studied and preserved. This study lists the benthic Foraminifera species from the Saquarema lagoonal system (SLS), Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. This complex ecosystem consists of four large connected lagoons, namely Urussan-ga, Jardim, Boqueirão, and Saquarema. A poorly diversified benthic foraminiferal assemblage was documented from most of the lagoon system and consisted of only eight species belonging to three orders and four families. The relatively low species richness of the SLS compared to other Brazilian coastal lagoons might be explained by several factors including domestic sewage input and the long residence time of water.

An assessment of the impact of sea level rise on the city of Port Said, Egypt has been carried out using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Bruun's is used to estimate horizontal retreat, due to three scenarios of sea level rise, taking into account local subsidence rates. Overlaying horizontal retreat on land use obtained by remote sensing enabled us to estimate possible losses and socioeconomic impacts. Results indicate serious physical and socio-economic impacts. It is suggested that protection measures must be carried out with emphasis on building breakwaters along the most vulnerable shoreline area.

An airborne LiDAR survey of the Nan Madol World Heritage Site and adjacent Temwen Island revealed a complex, irrigated cultivation system, the first found in the Central and Eastern Caroline Islands. This informs the goals of the sustainable conservation project, funded by the U.S. Department of State Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation, that inspired the survey, and expands understanding of Nan Madol and its place in the network of Pacific island interaction and trade. Fieldwork verified the presence, across Temwen, of low, wet, cultivable areas, many of which are connected by water channels or separated by earthen berms. The berms themselves may also have been cultivated. In complexity, labor investment, and organization, the system is comparable to Nan Madol itself, the largest archaeological site in Micronesia, with structures on about 100 artificial islets built of stone and coral on a reef flat. Constructed over a millennium, Nan Madol was the seat of the Saudeleur Dyna...

Palavras chave: monitoramento praial, praias encaixadas, processos praiais, promontórios rochosos. orientação da costa, geologia local e impacto antrópico que, em conjunto, afetam a seleção dos sedimentos, formato da praia, alteração da linha de costa e erosão ou acreção. A praia Vermelha, que se localiza próximo à entrada da baía da Guanabara, tem ~280 m de comprimento, orientação N-S, e é uma praia encaixada entre promontórios (Fig. et al. (2016). Esta característica de

— This study aims to find out a comparison between regular square grid and basin or sub-basin based analysis of hypsometric integral: a case study for Maheshkhali, Inani & Dakshin Nhila anticline and their drainage basins of Cox's Bazar district of Bangladesh. It is necessary to study the hypsometric integral (HI) of the study area because of its location and it has been occurred several landslide incident, flash flood and also the area experienced a major earthquake in 1999. SRTM DEM and GIS software used to study the hypsometry of the area. In order to identify the hypsometry indices, also it has been used surface geology, lithology and structural maps. The study area comprises 34 small and medium size drainage basins and divided into 62 square grids by 4.29×4.29 km area per grid delineated by GIS tools. HI values found ranges from 0.13 to 0.55 for basins and sub-basins based analysis and 0.09 to 0.54 for regular square grid of the study area. The HI contour map for basins and regular square grids comparison shows some similar range of values. The intensity of values is different in some area. The comparison showed that the Hi values in Ukhia Upazila have some similarities but regular square grid showed higher Hi value in Ramu Upazila. The basin based Hi value of southern Maheshkhali and northern Cox's Bazar sadar shows higher than the square gird based value. But in case of northern Maheshkhali and Teknaf upazila, the HI value showed similar range of values and distribution. Also the distributions of Hi values are similar in Ukhia and Middle Maheshkhali upazila. In this case, the Hi value analysis on both basins based and square grid based have some similarities but basins based analysis are more accurate for this study area.

This paper discusses advance of the research on Speleothem Paleoluminescence Records of Environmental Changes after it have been first introduced by the author 20 years ago. It is demonstrated that most of the progress in this field was made in result of the operation of the International Program Luminescence of Cave Minerals of the commission on Physical Chemistry and Hydrogeology of Karst of UIS of UNESCO. Potential, resolution and limitations of high resolution luminescence speleothem proxy records of Paleotemperature, Solar Insolation, Solar Luminosity, Glaciations, Sea Level advances, Past Precipitation, Plants Populations, Paleosoils, Past Karst Denudation, Chemical Pollution, Geomagnetic field and Cosmic Rays Flux variations, Cosmogenic Isotopes production and Supernova Eruptions in the Past, Advances of Hydrothermal Waters, and Tectonic Uplift are discussed. It is demonstrated that speleothems allow extremely high resolution (higher than in any other paleoclimatic terrestrial archives) and long duration of records. Some speleothems can be used as natural climatic stations for obtaining of quantitative proxy records of Quaternary climates with annual resolution.

Devido à orientação geral leste-oeste, as praias oceânicas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro são expostas a eventos meteo-oceanográficos de alta energia, apresentando ampla variabilidade morfodinâmica, tanto espacial, quanto temporalmente. Adicionalmente, a pressão antrópica traduzida no crescimento urbano e nas intervenções de engenharia costeira, acelera e/ou intensifica tal variabilidade. Diante da complexidade inerente ao sistema praial, monitorar e avaliar as mudanças morfodinâmicas é tarefa de extrema importância para a manutenção destes sistemas e o planejamento das intervenções costeiras. Assim, o principal objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar a variabilidade morfodinâmica dessas praias, avaliando sua resposta aos condicionantes oceanográficos que regem a dinâmica sedimentar neste setor do litoral fluminense. Pretende-se contribuir para a melhor compreensão da dinâmica praial, fornecendo informações relevantes para a gestão adequada destas praias.

The aim of this work is to identify main impact factors affecting variations in the geomorphology of the Mariana Trench which is the deepest place of the Earth, located in the west Pacific Ocean: steepness angle and structure of the sediment compression. Mariana Trench presents a complex ecosystem with highly interconnected factors: geology (sediment thickness and tectonics including four plates that Mariana trench crosses: Philippine, Pacific, Mariana, Caroline), bathymetry (coordinates, slope angle, depth values in the observation points). To study such a complex system, an objective method combining various approaches (statistics, R, GIS, descriptive analysis and graphical plotting) was performed.
Methodology of the research includes following clusters: R programming language for writing codes, statistical analysis, mathematical algorithms for data processing, analysis and visualizing diagrams, GIS for digitizing bathymetric profiles and spatial analysis. The statistical analysis of the data taken from the bathymetric profiles was applied to environmental factors, i.e. coordinates, depths, geological properties sediment thickness, slope angles, etc. Finally, factor analysis was performed by R libraries to analyze impact factors of the Mariana Trench ecosystem. Euler-Venn logical diagrams highlighted similarities between four tectonic plates and environmental factors.
The results revealed distinct correlations between the environmental factors (sediment thickness, slope steepness, depth values by observation points, geographic location of the profiles) affecting Mariana Trench morphology. The research demonstrated that coding on R language provides a powerful and highly effective statistical tools, mathematical algorithms of factor analysis to study ocean trench formation.

Abstract: The present study was conducted to know activities and causes of illegal Jatka fishing of Meghna
River in Bangladesh. The aim was to assess catch per unit effort (CPUE) and abundance of Jatka in three spots
of Meghna River and the livelihood of fishermen in the study areas. Data were collected randomly interviewing,
arranging focus group discussion (FGD) and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) among fishermen and market
chain members. The CPUE of Jatka was 63-84kg/1000m during peak season (Nov-Jan) and 30-37kg/1000m
net/hour during lean season (Feb-Mar) respectively in three spots (Sadar of Noakhali, Ramgati of Lakshmipur,
Chairmanghat of Noakhali). The highest CPUE of Jatka was 6.05kg/100m net/ hour at Ramgati and the lowest
was 4.8kg/100m net/ hour at Chandpur and moderate was 5.15 kg/100m net/hour at Chairmanghat. The CPUE
of Jatka was 100kg/boat/day at Chandpur and fishing season is December to March. The CPUE of Jatka is
110kg/boat/day at Ramgati and fishing season is November to March. The CPUE of Jatka was 106kg/boat/day
at Chairmanghat and fishing season is September to January. 35%, 33% and 32% kg of Jatka was
caught/boat/day at Ramgati, Chairmanghat and Chandpur respectively. The highest abundance of Jatka was
363/5.40×107 m2 at Ramgati and the lowest is 288/5.40×107 m2 at Chandpur. The moderate abundance of Jatka
was 309/5.40×107 m2 in Chairmanghat. Relatively young men of 31-45 years age group dominated in all study
locations. In the study 90% of fishermen were Muslim and majority belonged to nuclear family with members
ranging from 5 to 6, above the national average. As for standard of living, nearly half (47-55%) of fisher’s family
do not uses sanitary latrine. In study 100% have access to tube-well water. About 59% of fishers’ family had
corrugated tin-shed house in all study areas. It was found that in average 55% are workers in fishing boats on
profit sharing basis and the rest are single or group owner of either boat and/or net. Monthly income of the
fishers in study area reportedly very low in average BDT 4,500 during season and only BDT 2000 during offseason.
One third of fishers’ were found to be literate who can read and write one was reportedly know how
to sign his name and the rest was reportedly illiterate. In terms of general health care, roughly one third get
access to medical public or other form of Medicare. In average 45% reportedly get some form of subsidy (VGF
card) from Government during banning period but it is not sufficient to maintain their livelihood.

An airborne LiDAR survey of the Nan Madol World Heritage Site and adjacent Temwen Island revealed a complex, irrigated cultivation system, the first found in the Central and Eastern Caroline Islands. This informs the goals of the sustainable conservation project, funded by the U.S. Department of State Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation, that inspired the survey, and expands understanding of Nan Madol and its place in the network of Pacific island interaction and trade. Fieldwork verified the presence, across Temwen, of low, wet, cultivable areas, many of which are connected by water channels or separated by earthen berms. The berms themselves may also have been cultivated. In complexity, labor investment, and organization, the system is comparable to NanMadol itself, the largest archaeological site in Micronesia, with structures on about 100 artificial islets built of stone and coral on a reef flat. Constructed over a millennium, Nan Madol was the seat of the Saudeleur Dynasty, w...

Diferentes métodos de estudo foram desenvolvidos para definir os padrões de transporte de sedimentos, sendo um deles o modelo de tendência direcional de transporte de sedimentos (GSTA), que se baseia na análise da variabilidade espacial dos parâmetros granulométricos – média (μ), desvio-padrão (σ) e assimetria (Sk). Neste trabalho, o complemento GisedTrend, que opera em ambiente de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), foi implementado para analisar a dinâmica sedimentar da margem interna da restinga da Marambaia. Esta feição isola parcialmente a baía de Sepetiba do oceano adjacente, localizando-se no litoral sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados mostram que os sedimentos da área emersa da ilha-barreira são predominantemente compostos por areias médias bem selecionadas, enquanto que as amostras coletadas a partir da isóbata de 2 m exibem progressivo afinamento em direção às áreas mais profundas, de areia fina para silte fino, tornando-se mal selecionadas na mesma direçã...

This book is mainly consisting of fourteen lectures covering most aspects of oceanography. These lectures were collected and edited from the Indiana university site, Britannica, NOAA, Virginia Sea Grant (VIMS), Dive and Discover site and other different pages related to Marine sciences and oceanography. The cover picture and the beginning slide of each lecture was taken from The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources of the Federal Republic of Germany (BGR) during the index cruise 2016 in the Indian Ocean. The aim of this book is to give an easy introductory about oceanography for students and researchers through colored slides. The lectures were divided by topics to match all branches of oceanography. This book is a gift to my mother soul Mrs.Syria Abd-Elhak.

The research work deals with the hydrogeological condition of Cox’s Bazar area in Bangladesh. Most of the area is covered by northern part of Inani anticline. The structure is elongated, broad crest, steep flank, box-like and asymmetrical anticline. It is very hard to measure aquifer geometry of a complex geological area like Inani anticline. Hydrogeologically the study area broadly divided into two zones; Zone-1: Alluvium and Zone-2: Complex geology. From the analysis of the individual log and subsurface hydrostratigraphic sections, eight confined aquifer (Aquifer A, Aquifer B, Aquifer C, Aquifer D, Aquifer E, Aquifer F, Aquifer G and Aquifer H) and one unconfined aquifer (Aquifer O) observed in the Complex geology zone and the Alluvium zone in the study area respectively. The water tables in the confined aquifers are lies in high depth but in case of unconfined aquifer the water table lies near to the surface. From the structural geological condition and position of the aquifers, ...

Sand size mica is hydraulically equivalent to filler sizes of quartz grains and is assumed to be highly vulnerable to winnowing processes because of its platey shape. Because of its relative ease of transport the distribution of mica on a high energy, wave dominated shelf such as that of the North Portugal Shelf study area is assumed to be a reflection of modern processes even where the micn is a component of a relict shelf sediment cover. This assumption seems to be verified by the results of this study of cross-shelf distribution of mica flakes in dilTerent size fractions of the shelf sediment cover. Surface textures on mica flakes, studied by SEM, reflect a strong abrasion history. The results suggest that both mica flake abundance distribution and surface textures hold promise as tools for determination of sediment sources and dispersal in micaceolls shelf sediments, ancient or recent. Palm'f({s-cha"l'e: Dinamica sedimentar; Plataforma Contincntal; Portugal; Sedimentos; Mica; Geologia Marinha. ReSIIIIlO: A mica da c1asse dimensional da areia e 0 equivalente hidn'lulico de graos de quartzo com dimensoes significati-vamente menores. E ainda, geraimente aceite, que devido ao seu habito em palhetas, a mica e alta mente vulnenivel aos processos de alteraC;ao. Assim, e devido i\ relativa facilidade com que e sujeita a transporte, presume-se que, em plataformas continentais altamente energeticas, dominadas por processos de como e 0 caso da plataforma norte·por{ugllcsa, os padroes de distribuic;ao da mica sao 0 reftexo dos processos actuais, meslllo quando a mica se encontra integrada em sedimentos reliquia da plataforma. Esta bip6tese parece ser confirmada pelos resultados obtidos com 0 presente trabalho, em que se estudaram as da mica pre· sente nas diferentes granulometricas da areia da cobertura sedimcntar da plataforma continental norte-portuguesa. 0 cstudo das superficies das palhetas de mica existentes nos sedimentos desta plataforma, erectuado com «scanning electron microscope», revelou que estas reftectem uma hist6ria de intensa abrasiio. Os resultados obtidos com 0 presente trabalho sugerem que os padrCSes de dis-das palhetas de mica e as marcas detectaveis nas superffcies dessas palhetas podenlo ser auxiliares importantes na detenni· nac;ao da origem e dispersao dos sedimentos em piataformas continentais de cobertura sedimentar mic;.icea.

, 2016. Multiproxies (benthic foraminifera, ostracods and biopolymers) approach applied to identify the environmental partitioning of the Guadiana River Estuary (Iberian Peninsula). Journal of Sedimentary Environments, 1(2): 184-201. Abstract The Guadiana River is the fourth longest river in Europe and is a natural frontier between southern Portugal and Spain. This river was historically used to transport minerals exploited in the region since the Roman Empire and therefore suffered human interventions that have been intensified after the industrial revolution. The Guadiana River has in its limits the Guadiana Valley Natural Park, which is of great value for the Conservation of Geobiodiversity. This study mainly aims to identify zones with the environmental characteristics in the estuarine area of the Guadiana River based on the distribution and ecology of microorganisms (ostracods and foraminifera) associated with physicochemical parameters and sedimentological and geochemical (carbohydrate, lipid, protein, total organic carbon and total sulfur) data. Fifty-five foraminifera taxa were identified along the estuary with dominance of Ammonia tepida and Miliammina fusca and 13 ostracods taxa with dominance Leptocythere lacertosa and Loxoconcha elliptica. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) performed using biotic and abiotic variables indicated that pH, grain size, total organic carbon (TOC) and lipids were the most influent factors in the distribution of these organisms. Four zones were identified in the Guadiana River estuary: i) Low estuary-region with the largest marine influence with sandy sediment, higher salinity and total sulfur and mainly represented by the dominance of estuarine species of foraminifera (Ammonia tepida and Cribroelphidium vadescens) and by the ostracods (Darwinula stevensoni, Semicytherura sulcate

For the first time, a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate the influence of bottom currents in the Uruguayan continental margin is presented. Bathymetric data and multichannel 2D and 3D seismic reflection profiles were used to construct a morphosedimentary map to interpret and decode sedimentary and oceanographic processes along the Uruguayan continental margin. Based on these results, an extensive contourite depositional system on the margin is described, which contains an impressive array of large erosive, depositional (drifts) and mixed (terrace) features, which have been generated primarily by the near-bottom flows associated with water masses of Antarctic and subantarctic origin. From the Eocene-Oligocene boundary up to present time, the longterm influence of water masses from higher southern latitudes, in combination with down-slope sedimentary processes have strongly controlled the overall margin morphology. Most of the features described here, were formed during the middle/late Miocene epoch due to paleoceanographic shifts that include the arrival of Antarctic Intermediate Water along the margin, which in combination with deeper Antarctic Bottom Water are fundamental in the margin evolution. In combination with Quaternary climatic and eustatic changes in sea level, fluctuations of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence influenced subsequently glacial and interglacial stages as recognized in sedimentary features defined here. These paleoceanographic changes controlled the sedimentary stacking pattern and the locations of high amplitude reflections along the contourite terraces, which could be associated with sandy deposits. A more detailed understanding of the margin will improve interpretations of variations in the South Atlantic subtropical gyre and further constrain general climatic and ocean circulation models.

The scope of activities of University Center for Space Research and Technologies (UCSRT) includes fundamental and applied research in the field of theoretical and experimental physics, space physics, geophysics, atmospheric physics, space, astrophysics, cosmology, space- materials science, development of mathematical models of processes in the near and distant space. At the Center, research and educational activities are performed in the field of space research and technologies, which have applications in electronics, telecommunications, geophysics, meteorology, ecology, archeology and other fields. The Center performs also research on properties of materials for space technologies.
Main educational activities of the Center are master's Program on “Space research” and Module 1 “Aerospace engineering” (small aero-spacecraft) of the master’s Program “Aerospace engineering and communications”, but its members lead also many courses of undergraduate programs in physics and engineering physics.
University Center for Space Research and Technologies is an independent research and educational unit of Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", founded in 1987 and reorganized in 1992 into Unit of the Faculty of Physics. University Centre for Space Research and Technology has its own Rules of Operation, which is approved by decision of the Academic Council of Sofia University. According to the Council, UCSRT represents Sofia University and the Physics Faculty before the national and international bodies and organizations for Space Research.
UCSRT coordinates and manages the efforts of scientists from various departments of Sofia University and Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in temporary research teams, which accomplish scientific tasks related to Space Research and Technologies. Therefore, the Center has associated one internationally recognized observatory (IAU - А79), companies (such as O&K), active student workshop on astronomy, as well as individual professionals. The Center forms temporary laboratories on different scientific high-priority hot topics.
Applied research fields of the Centre include development of IR, UV and visible imaging systems and photometry for remote sensing observations from aircrafts, UAVs and satellites, research of Solar and Space Impacts on the Environment and applications of Space Research and Technologies in Archaeological research and prospecting. It includes also research and location of asteroids and dangerous Near- Earth Objects (NEO) and assessment of the damage which they can produce in result of potential collisions.
The Center has a highly qualified teaching staff, and its scientific production is published in journals, monographs and encyclopedias, some of which are issued by world-known academic publishers such as Elsevier and Thompson company issuing also ISI Citation index. Two of these monographs are awarded by an International Union of UNESCO Prize for the best publication in the relevant scientific field during the year.
The scientific outcome of the Center is significantly higher than the average production of the departments in the Faculty of Physics, despite its smaller staff: the results of the research activities of the members of the Center are published in 750 publications in scientific journals, monographs (mostly international), and conference proceedings, from which 560 publications in journals with impact factor.
Their results are presented in 167 reports at international congresses, conferences, symposia and schools, as 23 of them are invited or plenary talks.
They are cited worldwide 31290 times from foreign scientists, and research teams. 89 from the papers are cited more than 89 times, each (h-factor 89).
Specialists of the Center lead national and international research projects and programs. They have participated in one European, 10 international, 3 Italian and two Canadian research projects. At the moment they are leading two international research programs of one international scientific union. They review articles in prestigious international journals; are members of the editorial boards of international journals, editors of foreign monographs; evaluate Italian research projects in the fields of physics, astrophysics and Earth sciences; and participate in the appraisal of Italian universities. They chaired scientific organizing committees of five international scientific schools and conferences, and 6 sessions of other international conferences.
Specialists from UCSRT participate in large international collaborations and experiments in elementary particle physics, such as ATLAS, CHORUS, DELPHI, HARP, OPERA and H1.
The only Archaeo-geophysics laboratory in Bulgaria operates at the UCSRT.
The Center has intensive international collaborations with Universities and scientific institutions in Australia,  Austria,  Belgium,  Brazil,  Canada, China,  Croatia,  Czech  republic,  Egypt,  France,  Germany,  Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Serbia, Spain, Swisszerland, UK, USA and other countries.

University Center for Space Research and Technologies has YouTube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyH3fFqMfKjLLI9jS4xnWHw

Interest in and use of article-level metrics (ALMs) has grown rapidly amongst the research community, by researchers, publishers, funders, and research institutions. As this happens, it is critical to ensure secure and reliable data that is trustworthy and can be used by all. Two case studies are presented, which illustrate different approaches to establishing ALM data integrity.

An assessment of the impact of sea level rise on the city of Port Said, Egypt has been carried out using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Bruun's is used to estimate horizontal retreat, due to three scenarios of sea level rise, taking into account local subsidence rates. Overlaying horizontal retreat on land use obtained by remote sensing enabled us to estimate possible losses and socioeconomic impacts. Results indicate serious physical and socioeconomic impacts. It is suggested that protection measures must be carried out with emphasis on building breakwaters along the most vulnerable shoreline area.

Historical satellite imagery datasets are commonly used to map coastal behavior over time while correlating it with concurrent meteo-oceanographic conditions. Thus, this study evaluates the shoreline position changes over 60 km of Rio de Janeiro southern coast (SE Brazil) using the integrated analysis of Landsat imagery (Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI sensors) and a time series extracted from the WaveWatch III (WW3) model spanning the 1986–2018 period. This first study conducted in the area between the Marambaia barrier island and Recreio-Barra da Tijuca beaches aims to correlate morphological changes with wind wave climatology over a 30-year span. The verified interannual variability was particularly correlated with more energetic storm events and coastal erosion during La Niña years. These results agree with and reinforce previous conclusions highlighting an important teleconnection pattern that affects Southern hemisphere beaches. Overall, 18% of the coastline is under erosion, 52% is stable and 30% is advancing, values close to the global average. Moreover, the applied methodology can be easily replicated in any sandy coast around the world, especially where in situ observations are scarce, becoming an important tool for studying complex coastal systems.