General Intellect

rente. Cet article propose une lecture marxiste du sens et des enjeux de ces mutations. L'analyse s'articulera en deux parties. Dans la première partie, nous revenons tout d'abord sur la définition marxienne du salaire, de la rente et du profit. Puis nous portons notre attention sur certains développements de Marx dans le Livre III du Capital lorsqu'il ébauche une théorie du devenir rente du capital, théorie qui peut être mise en relation et donner un éclairage nouveau à l'actualité de l'hypothèse du general intellect. Sur cette base théorique, dans la deuxième partie, nous développons une analyse des transformations du rapport capital-travail qui, dans la transition du capitalisme industriel vers le capitalisme cognitif, ont conduit à la fois à

Since the crisis of Fordism, capitalism has been characterised by the ever more central role of knowledge and the rise of the cognitive dimensions of labour. This is not to say that the centrality of knowledge to capitalism is new per se. Rather, the question we must ask is to what extent we can speak of a new role for knowledge and, more importantly, its relationship with transformations in the capital/labour relation. From this perspective, the paper highlights the continuing validity of Marx's analysis of the knowledge/power relation in the development of the division of labour. More precisely, we are concerned with the theoretical and heuristic value of the concepts of formal subsumption, real subsumption and general intellect for any interpretation of the present change of the capital/labour relation in cognitive capitalism. In this way, we show the originality of the general intellect hypothesis as a sublation of real subsumption. Finally, the article summarises key contra...

Öz: Günümüzde dijitalleşme ile toplanan devasa veri ve yapay zeka yöntemleri yaygınlık kazanmaktadır. Yapay zeka bu anlamıyla dijitalleşmeye dayanmakta, onun gelişmesi ve altyapılaşması üzerine inşa edilmektedir. Bu makale ilk olarak salgın ve deprem gibi iki önemli ve can yakıcı olgu üzerinden dijitalleşme ve YZ olanaklarının toplum yararına kullanılabilecekken nasıl ve neden kullanılmadıklarını tartışmaktadır. İkinci olarak bu teknolojileri üreten emeği ve bu emeğin toplumsallaşmasını irdelemekte, kolektif işçi tanımını yeniden gündeme getirmektedir. Son olarak ise bu teknolojilerin önündeki üretim ilişkileri engelini kırabilecek olanın üreticiler yani emekçilerin özneleşmesi ve birleşmesi olacağını öne sürerek, yaşanmış örnekleri incelemektedir.
Digitalization, Artificial Intelligence and the Subjectification of Labor
Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) methods and big data are becoming increasingly widespread today. AI, in this sense, is based on digitalization and is built upon its development and infrastructure. This article first discusses how and why these digitalization and AI opportunities, which could be used for the benefit of society, are not utilized, considering two significant and devastating events: the pandemic and the earthquake. Secondly, it examines the labor that produces these technologies and the socialization of this labor, revisiting the definition of collective labor. Finally, it examines real-life examples, arguing that the subjectification and unification of these producers, namely laborers, is what can break the barrier of production relations to these technologies.
Key words: Digitalization, Artificial Intelligence, Relations of Production, GesamtArbeiter, Subjectification, Pandemic, Earthquake

1977 was a watershed year in Bologna’s history, marked by the emergence of a movement bearing the same name. The events of that year deeply divided the community and continue to echo to this day in collective memory. This essay moves along two main lines of inquiry: first, it examines how the movement and the political groups continuing its legacy have constructed and preserved their memory of these events; second, it investigates how Bologna’s communists experienced and recalled these occurrences.

No trecho dos Grundrisse, conhecido como Fragmento sobre as máquinas, Marx discute o papel do conhecimento coletivo, que ele chama de intelecto geral, em processos de produção da grande indústria, onde a automação industrial tende a expulsar do processo de trabalho o único agente capaz de criar valor: o trabalhador. Nesse exercício de reflexão, Marx imagina que essa contradição poderia abalar as bases do modo de produção capitalista e abrir uma janela para sua superação. O intelecto geral de Marx é o ponto de partida do artigo, que tem como objetivos: (i) analisar a controversa hipótese acerca do intelecto geral que Marx registra nos Grundrisse; (ii) apresentar a origem da expressão intelecto geral, que data do começo do século XIX, décadas antes do seu registro nesse manuscrito; e (iii) revelar como Marx supera aquela interpretação alguns anos depois, ao expor suas conclusões sobre o papel da ciência e da técnica nos processos de produção capitalistas. Este artigo estabelece uma in...

Introdução: Aborda-se a temática das patentes a partir de uma perspectiva que estabelece interlocuções entre a Ciência da Informação e a Economia Política.Objetivo: Objetiva-se responder a seguinte questão: que contribuições um estudo da evolução histórica das leis de patentes pode trazer para a apreensão do papel desses aparatos legais nas dinâmicas socioeconômicas contemporâneas?Metodologia: Analisa-se o desenvolvimento histórico das leis que regem as patentes, por meio das lentes da Economia Política e da Ciência da Informação. A análise, guiada por um ponto de vista dialético, adota os princípios da área de informação social: historicidade, totalidade e tensionalidade.Resultados: Discute-se a gênese das leis de patentes com ênfase nas motivações para criação dessas leis e nas contradições da sua evolução histórica. Compara-se a propriedade intelectual com a acumulação primitiva e os cercamentos pré-capitalistas. Adota-se o conceito de regime de informação para problematizar o pa...

This chapter focuses on social movements and struggles coalescing around the neoliberal restructuring of higher education. Higher education has increasingly become a battleground (ROU, 2010). Protest has ranged from a series of high-profile university occupations in the U.S during 2008 and 2009 (After the fall, 2010; Levenson, 2011), the student protests and occupations against the removal of Education Maintenance Allowance and tripling of university tuition fees in the UK during the winter of 2010 (Brown, 2010; Hancox, 2011; Ibrahim, 2011; Solomon & Palmieri, 2011; Younis, 2011), the Quebecian student strike of 2012 (Spiegel, 2015a; Spiegel 2015b; Spiegel, 2016), and more recently protests against the ongoing colonial legacies of the university (Newsinger, 2016). This chapter maintains that through the transition from Fordist to post-Fordist modes of production and the concurrent rise of ‘immaterial' (Lazzarato, 1996) forms of labour, the university is directly a site of capitalist production (Edu-Factory, 2009). It is argued, therefore, that the struggles around higher education and universities across many parts of the world are about more than simply a resurgence of cycles of student protest that have waxed and waned over the course of the mid
to late twentieth century. Instead, they are symptomatic of a transformation of the role of knowledge and intellectual production within society and the economy, and subsequently the role of intellectuals and knowledge production within social struggles. Using Marx’s (1993) ‘fragment on machines’ from the Grundrisse this chapter concludes that the struggles around education are struggles against the enclosure of the general intellect through cognitive capitalism and for mass intellectuality, the general intellect unchained from capitals capture.

What is organic is inherently fascinating. It has transcended its limits as an object of study in biology, and it has become captive for philosophers, mathematicians, physicists, psychologists and sociologists, due to its complexity and the possibilities that arise when applying the theories of the organic to explain other complex phenomena. In the middle of this interdisciplinary convergence, cybernetics was born in the mid 20th century as an attempt to unify various disciplines with the goal of creating a universal science that would provide a an framework for understanding, firstly, the functioning of living beings and, by analogy and based on the concepts of feedback and information, the functioning of mechanical systems. In fact, the analogical procedure mentioned has been extended to a wide range of inquiries: into the human mind, communications, economics, sociology and even to explain the cosmos as a vast computer that generates physical reality.

Las seis integrantes de Laboria Cuboniks son reunidas por primera vez en un mismo volumen que ahonda en sus temas fundamentales, a la vez que nos acerca a sus trabajos más recientes. Diann Bauer, Helen Hester, Patricia Reed, Amy Ireland, Katrina Burch y Lucca Fraser sacudieron la «acelerosfera» en 2015 con la creación de su famoso manifiesto, desatando el interés mundial por el xenofeminismo. Desde entonces el prefijo 'xeno' se ha convertido en un agente infectivo que prolifera y recodifica nuestra relación con la alienación y lo extraño, la libertad, el pensamiento colectivo, la estética o la sexualidad.

En los ensayos recogidos en esta compilación, el grupo de filósofas y artistas geniales prosigue la tarea iniciada con Laboria Cuboniks, avanzándose a los nuevos desafíos que conciernen a la auto-comprensión humana, el cambio climático, la computación evolutiva, el feminismo posthumano y la política poscibernética, así como nuestra capacidad para navegar en un entorno de escalas y escenarios interconectados. El nuestro es un «mundo en vértigo»; y la realidad es a menudo más extraña de lo que imaginamos. Aprender a reconocer nuestra propia alienación nos brindará una oportunidad única para poner en juego los potenciales creativos de la especie humana y su transformación.

The commentary critically addresses Emanuele Leonardi's arguments as exposed in Lavoro Natura Valore -André Gorz tra marxismo e decrescita (Orthotes, 2017). In particular, it focuses on the Promethean foundations of the General Intellect, on the link between equality and difference, and on the problems concerning an ecological interpretation of Marx's ouvre.

This study investigates the complex dynamics between algorithmic management and worker agency, focusing on food delivery riders in the Netherlands and South Korea. A combination of digital observation, semi-structured interviews, and personal work experience is utilised to examine how platforms like Thuisbezorgd, Uber Eats, Bamin, and Coupang Eats use algorithmic tools, penalties, and incentives, to control labour. Findings highlight that algorithmic management impacts riders’ autonomy, income stability, safety, and working conditions, often creating dependency on the platform while restricting upward mobility. Riders exhibit diverse responses: younger part-time workers approach AI-driven systems with curiosity, while many full-time self-employed riders express frustration over diminished autonomy and precarious working conditions. Additionally, the study highlights the symbolic importance of features such as the “accept or decline” option, which provides riders with a semblance of autonomy and control. While these features are often more symbolic than substantive, they allow riders to construct a narrative of self-reliance and dignity within a system characterised by pervasive control. The research underscores the need to understand the intricate interplay between algorithmic management and worker agency in the platform economy.

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Ο Αριστοτέλης στην Ποιητική επισημαίνει ότι η ιστορία ασχολείται με γεγονότα και συγκεκριμένα πρόσωπα («καθ᾽ ἕκαστον»), ενώ αντίθετα η ποίηση έχει γενικό και αφηρημένο χαρακτήρα, αφού καταπιάνεται περισσότερο με πράγματα που θα μπορούσαν να γίνουν (κατά λογική ή αναγκαία ακολουθία) και με κατηγορίες ή τύπους ανθρώπων («καθόλου»). Αυτή η διάκριση ανάμεσα στην ιστορία και την ποίηση είναι η παλαιότερη και σημαντικότερη στην ιστορία της κριτικής, και διαχρονικά υιοθετήθηκε από τους αξιόλογους ποιητές που πραγματεύτηκαν ιστορικά θέματα, είτε γνώριζαν τον Αριστοτέλη είτε όχι. Πράγματι, η ποίηση επιδιώκει την αναγωγή των «καθ᾽ ἕκαστον» της ιστορίας  στα «καθόλου» της ποίησης. Το φάσμα και τα είδη αυτής αναγωγής είναι ανεξάντλητα, όσα και οι ποιητικές φωνές. Ανάλογη ποικιλία παρατηρείται και μέσα στο έργο ενός ποιητή ή μιας ποιητικής συλλογής. Ο Χαραλαμπίδης είναι κατεξοχήν «αριστοτελικός» ποιητής, παρόλο που στα γραπτά του και τις συνεντεύξεις του δεν παραπέμπει στον Αριστοτέλη ούτε η κριτική εντόπισε τη σχέση της ποιητικής του με την αριστοτελική Ποιητική.

In this presentation I want to consider the relevance of the concept of ‘real subsumption’ as originally developed by Marx to refer the subsumptive process by which, through technological transformation geared towards higher productivity, the labour process is qualitatively transformed. I want to focus on this qualitative element—rather than the commonly-discussed quantitative, which would focus on whether technologies render labour redundant. I want to think about how forms of labour are transformed, as well as how exploitation is being expanded today to new areas, by looking at some examples of productive neuroenhancement, neurotherapeutic and neurosurveillance technologies that bring together neuroscience, artificial intelligence in the form of adaptive machine learning, wearable sensors and eye tracking—hence the nod to ‘biology’ in the title. These technologies feed on physiological and neural data typically obtained in coercive work environments, but also in the name of health, safety, mental wellbeing, learning, and, of course, economic development and productivity, which, in education, translates as ‘human’ or ‘brain capital’.

Los cambios socioeconómicos y tecnológicos (implantación de sistemas robóticos, re-engineering, lean management, lean production, etc.)ocurridos en las formaciones capitalistas en las últimas tres décadas han tenido profundas repercusiones en el ámbito de la organización productiva y de las técnicas de fabricación. En este contexto, catalogado como neo/postfordista, el trabajo productivo(/reproductivo), que tiene en la ciencia aplicada y en las formas de vida (socialidad) los principales ingredientes, muta a través de esa compleja articulación de sistemas máquina y régimen flexible. Uno de los efectos de estas transformaciones ha sido la dualización social: estables y precarios o excluidos (contingent jobs, working poor, parados estructurales, etc.). Ante ello, surgen diversas propuestas: desde aquellos que sostienen (Castells, etc.) que los nuevos sectores económicos compensaran el paro tecnológico inducido hasta los que afirman (Offe, "dinero gratis", etc.) que el carácter paradójico e irreversible de estos procesos legitima el derecho a una renta garantizada y sin contrapartidas para los excluidos. Con todo, lo que pone de manifiesto este escenario es la necesidad de elaborar una teoría social (y política) crítica acorde con los procesos postindustriales (capital cognitivo, producción inmaterial, etc.)que contemple, entre otras, las aportaciones ludditas o las de la antropología de Clastres.

Resumo Apresentam-se alguns resultados de investigação realizada no Vale do Silício, nos Estados Unidos, durante o segundo semestre de 2012, por meio da qual se busca apreender a percepção dos trabalhadores da região acerca do papel da informação e do conhecimento nas dinâmicas socioeconômicas contemporâneas. Entrevistas semiestruturadas forneceram material para realização de uma análise que confronta o contexto empírico com as teorias do trabalho imaterial, do capitalismo cognitivo e com um ponto de vista crítico divergente dos referenciais teóricos já consolidados. As vozes daqueles que estão diretamente envolvidos com o mundo do trabalho, no locus eleito, apontam contradições no sistema educacional que tornam o conhecimento um instrumento de ampliação de desigualdades sociais e econômicas. Palavras-chave: Polarização do conhecimento. Vale do Silício. Educação. Trabalho.

Resumo Apresentam-se alguns resultados de investigação realizada no Vale do Silício, nos Estados Unidos, durante o segundo semestre de 2012, por meio da qual se busca apreender a percepção dos trabalhadores da região acerca do papel da informação e do conhecimento nas dinâmicas socioeconômicas contemporâneas. Entrevistas semiestruturadas forneceram material para realização de uma análise que confronta o contexto empírico com as teorias do trabalho imaterial, do capitalismo cognitivo e com um ponto de vista crítico divergente dos referenciais teóricos já consolidados. As vozes daqueles que estão diretamente envolvidos com o mundo do trabalho, no locus eleito, apontam contradições no sistema educacional que tornam o conhecimento um instrumento de ampliação de desigualdades sociais e econômicas. Palavras-chave: Polarização do conhecimento. Vale do Silício. Educação. Trabalho.

The growing field of biomimicry promises to supplant modern industry's energy-intensive models of engineering with a mode of production more sensitively attuned to nonhuman life and matter. This paper considers the revolutionary potentials created by biomimicry's more-thanhuman collectives and their limitations. Although biomimicry gestures towards a radical reontologization of and re-politicization of production, we argue that it remains subject to entrenched onto-political "habits" of social relations still dominated by capitalism and made part of a "terra economica" in which all is potentially put to profitable use and otherwise left to waste. With reference to Marx's notions of general industriousness and the general intellect, we find that this universalizing tendency renders myriad biological capacities and ways of knowing invisible. Drawing a comparison with the reworkings of life and knowledge explored in Londa Shiebinger's work on nineteenth century abortifacients, we show how biomimicry's more recent ontological remakings reproduce some forms of knowledge-and of life-at the expense of others. Reflecting upon biomimicry's inadvertent erasure of nonindustrial ways of knowing, we advance the notion of a "pluripotent intellect" as a framework that seeks to take responsibility for the co-curation of forms of life and forms of knowledge. We turn to Wes Jackson's Land Institute as a grounded alternative for constructing more-than-human techno-social collaboratives.

A inteligência artificial (IA) está cada vez mais presente em nossas atividades de trabalho, assim como em nossos momentos de lazer. Diante da expansão dessa tecnologia e das suas surpreendentes aplicações, temos nos deparado com previsões divergentes. Pessimistas veem na IA o germe de um eminente apocalipse da humanidade, que estaria prestes a ser dominada pelas máquinas e pelos algoritmos. Em direção oposta, estão os diagnósticos daqueles que supõem que a IA iria fundar as bases de uma nova sociedade, livre do fardo do trabalho humano. Dentre os arautos do capital, prevalece o discurso dos que alegam que a inteligência artificial generativa seria uma panaceia para um novo ciclo de expansão exponencial de lucros. Porém, alguns notórios representantes do mercado e do capital fictício, como Goldman Sachs, colocam em dúvida as promessas de retornos financeiros desses empreendimentos. Prognósticos tão discrepantes ensejam uma pertinente pergunta. O que Marx teria a nos dizer sobre a inteligência artificial? Em seu tempo, Marx dissecou fenômeno semelhante: a relação dialética entre a tecnologia da automação industrial e o conjunto das relações sociais que constituem a sociabilidade capitalista que, em sua essência, permanecem vigentes até hoje. Nesse breve texto discuto como as reflexões de Marx podem lançar luz no fenômeno contemporâneo da IA.

Andrea Capriolo / Anni '70: la rete dei Circoli -Pulp Magazine 1/4 di SARA MOLHO 17 LUGLIO 2024 Q uando nel 1978, nel corso di un festival dedicato all'arte di arrangiarsi, i giovani e le giovani che frequentavano Macondo -uno dei molti luoghi controculturali che animarono Milano negli anni Settanta -decisero, letteralmente, di svendere il '68, i 07/09/24, 16:38 Andrea Capriolo / Anni '70: la rete dei Circoli -Pulp Magazine

Karl Baldacchino: Your book Disertate (2023), forthcoming in English as Quit Everything: Interpreting Depression (August, 2024), treats the subject of "desertion" or "quitting", which according to you is congruous with the depression that is prevalent to our contemporary life. From the disaffection among the absent electorate, the wave of post-pandemic resignations in western capitalist societies, the milder viral tactic of "quite quitting" at the place of work, and the growing number of hikikomori in Japan and other Asian countries, detached attitudes are ever-growing globally. At the same time, as the recent university student encampments and youth climate movements indicate, many are eager to politically engage in some form of direct action. How do you percive this concoction of attitudes?

MOITA, Dimitre Sampaio. Computadores fazem arte, artistas fazem dinheiro: analise da atividade dos desenvolvedores de software. 2015. 89f. – Dissertacao (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceara, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2015.

The aim of this thesis is to examine Psycharis&#39;s Greek novels by focusing on his modes of writing and the ideas manifested in them. Psycharis saw his role as that of an intellectual aiming to reform Greek culture and he fought consistently for the establishment of the demotic - as he understood it as the language of literature. Yet his novels serve as a filter not only for his views on language and literature, but also for other social and philosophical issues of relevance to his time, and even to contemporary readers. I have defined three major areas for examination: the didacticism of the novels, expressed in the themes and in the narrative techniques employed by the author; the overall recurring cultural views presented in them, and the preoccupation with the importance of fiction, the role of literature and of the prose writer. The novels will be examined in chronological order and I shall address each of the three major areas explained above in turn, emphasising the most pr...

If the current global pandemic condition has accelerated the use and dependence on digital technologies, then ethical and political questions of colonialist and capitalist interventions are even more paramount. Ethics in data science and artificial intelligence (AI) have gained broader prominence in both scholarly and public discourse. Much of the scholarly engagements have often been based on perspectives of transparency, politics of representation, moral ethical norms, and refusal. These interventions have often led to solutions that seek to co-opt or redesign in terms of repurposing technology, including the repurposing of

Ethics in data science and artificial intelligence have gained broader prominence in both scholarly and public discourse. Much of the scholarly engagements have often been based on perspectives of transparency, politics of representation, moral ethical norms, and refusal. In this article, while the authors agree that there is a problem with the universal model of technology, they argue that what these perspectives do not address is the postcolonial epistemology of the machine. Drawing from Mark Fisher’s science fiction capital, it is posited that data capitalism doesn’t rely on data as a given, but on what data can become; it operates in the future as much as the calculation of probabilities coincides with the predictive extraction of surplus value. The authors argue that in order to address ethical and sociopolitical concerns in artificial intelligence, technosocial systems must be understood in data capitalism. After discussing what they characterize as the three paradigms of pred...

Même si l'algorithme est omniprésent et semble régler nos vies, ses définitions restent souvent laconiques et plus ou moins métaphoriques. Plus que sa définition, c'est la description de son fonctionnement qui retient généralement l'attention. Il apparaît alors sous les traits d'un actant algorithmique ayant le statut de destinateur social invisible, donc inquiétant. Le mot algorithme appartient depuis longtemps au métalangage de la sémiotique qui, par vocation, concentre son attention sur le fonctionnement des discours, plus exactement sur la relation entre les termes, leur mode d'agencement, pour se demander « comment cela signifie » (Floch 1985). Intégré à son organon, le terme algorithme permet de décrire les transformations narratives et la reconfiguration des unités du récit par le discours mythique. Cet article propose d'observer l'usage du terme algorithme par la sémiotique et de caractériser cet algorithme créatif ancien relativement à l'algorithme informatique aujourd'hui entré dans le langage courant. Dans quelle mesure le terme permet-il de décrire l'organisation des connaissances ? Mots clés : algorithme, sémiotique, mythe, créativité Abstract: Although algorithms is ubiquitous and seem to regulate our lives, its definitions is often laconic and more or less metaphorical. More than its definition, it's the description of how it works that generally attracts attention. It then appears as an algorithmic actant with the status of an invisible, and therefore worrying, social destinateur. The word algorithm has long belonged to the metalanguage of semiotics, which, by vocation, focuses its attention on the functioning of discourse, more precisely on the relationship between terms, their mode of arrangement, in order to ask "how it means" (Floch, 1985). Integrated into its organon, the term algorithm is used to describe narrative transformations and the reconfiguration of narrative units by mythic discourse. This article looks at the use of the term algorithm in semiotics, and characterizes this ancient creative algorithm in relation to the computer algorithm that has now entered everyday language. To what extent can the term be used to describe the organization of knowledge?

The 1997 discovery of a fifty-thousand-year-old flute made from the femur of a cave bear, with its intimation of reanimating nonhumans, and the 1977 launch of the Voyager spacecraft carrying an eclectic set of sound recordings intended to be heard in the distant future by nonhuman others: two sonic events that frame the possible meanings of posthumous. Together these examples and others question whether everything audible is already over-the bear's lost life, electronic recording procedures-or indefinitely deferred until an act of listening that may never occur. An ecological address to the problems of making sonic culture at a historical turning point at or beyond terminal risk prompts a politics of the commons grounded in a general imagination (modeled on Marx's general intellect). Against earlier modernist claims for both rationality and its failure, sound cultures enact a drama of melancholy and hope in the ecological continuity of body and world at the moment of their end.

The volume comprises a selection of papers presented at the 5th Postgraduate International Conference organized by the Department of Philosophy and Cultural Heritage of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice (Venice, 4-6 October 2023): A Driving Force. On the Rhetoric of Images and Power. In the introduction to his well-known The Power of Images (1989), David Freedberg claims not only that images hold power over us, but they are also, inevitably, related to ‘power’ itself. Art is therefore a powerful and non-neutral tool. Its forms and expressions influence and manipulate the realm of the real. Throughout human history, the artist’s creative power gave form, substance, and meaning to otherwise inert matter. This process turned the artist into a demiurge. Furthermore, once images are given their final form, they circulate and live a life of their own. The 5th Postgraduate International Conference was aimed at investigating the rhetorical nature of the intersection between image and power. In 1979 Yuri Lotman claimed that “rhetoric” is the displacement of the structural principles of a given semiotic sphere into another semiotic sphere. The Tartu semiologist’s approach implies that the “correlation with different semiotic systems gives rise to a rhetorical situation in which a powerful source of elaboration of new meanings is contained”. In exploring these meanings from a multidisciplinary perspective, this volume investigates two main themes: the power of the image, as an autonomous device, endowed with a pervasive and persuasive character; the image as a form for representing power which addresses questions concerning the sense of authority, and its negation, namely a sense of dissidence and counter-narrations.

A proposta desenvolvida neste trabalho consiste em estudar, do duplo ponto de vista teórico e empírico, a natureza da relação entre crescimento econômico, progresso técnico e produtividade do trabalho, a partir dos paradoxos de Solow e de Gordon; os dados agregados permitem questionar a linearidade desta relação. Para isto, utilizarei o modelo de Baumol e Wolff de 1992. Em uma primeira parte, analisarei o modelo de feedback de Baumol e Bowen (1992), explicitarei os mecanismos a partir dos quais o progresso técnico é endogeneizado e confrontarei os resultados teóricos oriundos deste modelo com os fatos estilizados que caracterizam a fase atual do capitalismo. Numa segunda parte, ressaltarei seus limites explicativos e proporei uma análise alternativa, a partir de uma reformulação das relações estudadas por Baumol.

Kapitalizm, iktidar ve birey ilişkisi daha çok emek sömürüsü bağlamında tartışılmıştır. Ağırlıklı olarak Marksist paradigma etrafında şekillenen eleştirel yaklaşımlar bu indirgemecilik sebebiyle “insan” tarafını izah etmekte eksik kalmışlardır. Küreselleşme ile birlikte kapitalizmin bir kabuk değişimi yaşaması iktidar ve sömürü biçimlerinde bir dönüşüme neden olmuştur. Bu neoliberal dönemde meta dışı üretim ön plana çıkmış, enformasyon başat bir konum edinmiştir. Dolayısıyla yeni tahakküm süreçleri enformasyon etrafında şekillenmiştir. Orta Çağ’da bilginin kilisenin tekelinde olmasına benzer bir durum ortaya çıkmıştır ancak önemli bir farkla. Artık insan, sistemin karşısında değil içindedir. Bilgi insandan uzak tutulmamakta, insan bilgiye boğulmaktadır. Öyle ki neyin hakikat olduğunu tespit edemeyecek kadar enformasyona ulaş(tırıl)maktadır. Bu durum neoliberal iktidar tekniklerinin çözümlenmesini alabildiğine zorlaştırmaktadır. Tam bu noktada Güney Koreli Yazar Byung-Chul Han, neoli...

Neste artigo evidencia-se as principais ideias que consubstanciam as práticas econômicas liberais, a partir de um autor considerado fundamental para compreensão do liberalismo clássico: Adam Smith. São elas: a concepção natural de sociedade; a origem das desigualdades sociais; as fontes de renda: salários, juros, lucros e renda da terra;o financiamento de atividades pela coletividade, destacando a educação. Propriedade privada e desigualdade social possuem interfaces pouco sutis. A propriedade seria fundamentada no direito dos homens de se apropriar da natureza, através do trabalho.Ou seja, o trabalho é fonte de riqueza e justificativa da propriedade privada. A origem das desigualdades sociais se explica pela laboriosidade de uns enquanto outros preferem o descanso eos prazeres da vida. Considere-se a divisão da sociedade nos segmentos de trabalhadores, proprietários de terra e de capitalista; e também, em alguns casos, um trabalhador pode ser, ao mesmo tempo, patrão e empregado (me...

En este capítulo analizaremos los principales abordajes, dentro de la tradición marxista, sobre las relaciones entre las rentas de la tierra y la condición de dependencia, según la describe Marini en la Dialéctica de la dependencia. El foco del análisis será discutir en qué medida los abordajes que relacionan estos aspectos son capaces de describir el papel de la apropiación de la renta de la tierra como un componente de las especificidades de la periferia dependiente del mercado mundial capitalista; y, al mismo tiempo, en qué medida estos análisis expresan desarrollos consistentes de la teoría marxista del valor y su método.

Behaviorism, like cybernetics, is based on a recursive (feedback) model, known in biology as reinforcement. Skinner's description of operant behavior in animals is similar to Wiener's description of information loops. Behaviorism and cybernetics have often shared more than an uncanny affinity: during World War II, both Wiener and Skinner worked on research projects for the U.S. military. While Wiener was attempting to develop his Anti-Aircraft Predictor (a machine that was supposed to anticipate the trajectory of enemy planes), Skinner was trying to develop a pigeon-guided missile. This essay retraces the social and political history of behaviorism, cybernetics, and the concepts of entropy and order in the life sciences.

The aim of this essay is to develop the notion of “linguistic surface” as a way to interpret the city as locus of the multitude: a place where the city produces and reproduces itself as a shared and collective surface of conflict turned into coexistence, of the real and the imaginary condensed and inhabited by thinking, creating linguistic subjects. Three surfaces are discussed: the city surface, the surface of thought, the linguistic surface that joins city and thought, interpenetrating, constructing and constituting the other. I will draw on what the architect Aldo Rossi called the city as an “historical text” and link Rossi’s notion of collective memory (memory ordered by language, syntax and association) with the description of the contemporary city as “modelled on language” put forward by the political theorist Paolo Virno. A close-reading of the city as locus of the multitude can help resituate the agency of architecture toward a new, collective, political and productive possi...

The article comments on 1998 André Gorz's interview Miseria del presente, ricchezza del possibile, reproduced-for the first time in open access-in this monographic issue of Etica e politica. It interprets Gorz's against the background of post-workerist (especially Antonio Negri and Carlo Vercellone) reflections, highlighting both affinities and divergences between the two approaches. Particular emphasis is put on the different views on basic income as primary revenue: whereas for post-workerist thought basic income recognises a kind of productive labour which is socially unaccounted for, according to Gorz such procedure surreptitiously turn the multifarious aspects of life into labour. KEYWORDS Anti-productivism, basic income, cognitive capitalism, general intellect, post-workerism L'intervista rilasciata da André Gorz a Patrick Dieuaide, Pierre Péronnet e a Carlo Vercellone nell'oramai lontano 1998 1 è un testo che sancisce un passaggio di fase nell'elaborazione teorica del pensiero autonomo marxista. Anche a seguito dei primi movimenti "precari" che nell'autunno 1998 animano la scena politica francese (da Action contre le chomage, AC! , alle prime mobilitazioni degli "intermittenti"), assistiamo ad una prima 1 Cfr. "Miserie del presente, ricchezza del possibile" intervista di Patrick Dieuaide,

This text summarizes the lecture I gave at the end of the Scientiarum Historia 14, held in remote mode by the Graduate Program of History of Sciences and Techniques and Epistemology, between 7 and 11 December 2021. The fundamental characteristics of the 17th century Revolution is briefly described. As we move on to the Industrial Revolution in England, we will return to the most notable events from the socalled first Industrial Revolution to the present day, i.e., at the turn of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, when S & T played a decisive role in the passage to the so-called Industry 4.0. As we will see, over time the convergence between science and technology becomes more conspicuous, with examples that point to a complete interchange and fusion of objectives. Some fundamental features of the work in S&T are presented as contemporary challenges, when a fierce fight against scientific denialism is demanded from the entire scientific community, under penalty of turning a blind eye and helping the adoption of a culture that supports authoritarian political regimes.