Game Theory (Psychology)

Self-regulated learning (SRL) occurs when students proactively optimize their learning. Ingrained within this process is metacognition: the knowledge, control, and regulation of cognition. A high level of metacognition helps students to maximize learning. Video games may have an influence on metacognition, though past research on video games has found varying effects. While some studies found improvements in problem solving and task perseverance, others found correlations with aggressive behaviours and addictive behaviours. To contribute to the literature surrounding video game effects and to explore possible categorizations with video games, two studies were done. The first study explored the possibility of characterizing video game genres according to complexity and sociability. The results of Study 1 were used to aid the interpretation of Study 2 to potentially explain the interaction between video game use, metacognition and academic performance. The results suggested that complexity ratings for each genre of video games were significantly different from each other. However, sociability ratings did not capture enough detail to be used as a useful indicator. The second study explored the relationship between video game use, socialization in video games, metacognition, and academic performance. More specifically, the study examined the possibility that video game use and socialization in video games can predict academic performance. This relationship was expected to be mediated by metacognition. The results suggested that there was no mediation effect. It seems that, as a whole, video game use, socialization in video games, and metacognition can predict academic performance. However, each individual predictor was not significant by itself.

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is when students proactively optimize their learning. Ingrained within this process is metacognition, the knowledge, control, and regulation of cognition. High levels of metacognition helps students select studing strategies, monitor study progress, and adjust study strategy to maximize learning. Video games may have an influence on SRL. Past research on video games have found varying effects. While some studies found improvements in problem solving and task perseverance, others found correlations with aggressive behaviours and addictive behaviours. It is possible that there is too much variation within video games, even of the same genre, to characterize video games. To contribute to the literature surrounding video game effects and to explore possible categorizations with video games, two studies were done. The first study explored the possibility of characterizing video game genres into complexity and sociability. The second study explored the relati...

Greece's military intelligence has played a crucial yet often overlooked role within NATO's strategic framework. As a NATO member since 1952, Greece has navigated complex geopolitical challenges while integrating into the alliance's evolving intelligence structures. This study examines the historical evolution, contemporary significance, and future trajectory of NATO intelligence and Greek military strategy, analyzing Greece's intelligence contributions in Cold War operations, post-9/11 counterterrorism efforts, and modern cybersecurity threats. The research also explores Greece's dual role within NATO and the European Union's Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), highlighting the intelligence-sharing dilemmas between the two institutions. By assessing key intelligence operations-ranging from Cold War counterintelligence efforts to NATO's recent intelligence fusion strategies-this study investigates Greece's role in regional security, countering Russian influence in the Balkans, managing Turkish tensions, and participating in NATO-led intelligence missions. The research further examines Greece's contributions to NATO cyber defense initiatives and the growing importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern intelligence warfare. Using a multidisciplinary approach that includes historical analysis, security studies, and intelligence theory, this study provides a prototype-level examination of Greece's position in NATO intelligence. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how Greece navigates intelligence-sharing complexities, geopolitical constraints, and emerging security threats within NATO and the EU. The study concludes with policy recommendations on strengthening Greece's intelligence infrastructure and its strategic alignment in European security.

The notion of critical thinking (CT) has attracted intensive research interest over the years in a number of scientific fields, i.e., education, psychology, logic, rhetoric, to mention but a few. However, due to its multidirectional orientation, it has proven hard to pin down. More recently, it has realistically been viewed as a notion that can be organized into types or sub-skills, each of which can be duly considered relative to the distinctive details of a specific subject (McPeck 1981). The current work observes the type of CT exercised in playing adventure games, particularly in solving puzzles. Importantly, the obvious link of CT to inferential reasoning notwithstanding, the prospect of a pragmatic description of the notion at hand is overlooked in the relevant literature, as is the prospect of a pragmatic description of videogaming. In order to compensate for this double oversight, the current work draws on the insights of relevance theory, securing a unifying framework of pragmatic analysis. More specifically, as will be shown, playing an adventure game engages the player in exercising a type of critical thinking that is oriented towards the task of solving a problem or puzzle. In this light, a puzzle is composed of a series of mental challenges, addressing which contributes to the construction of a relevance-driven syllogistic process; a type of process that is geared towards the derivation of contextual effects that are relevant to the aim of solving the puzzle.

Introduction. Role play is the leading activity of the preschool period, in which the key development takes
place. However, the specifics of modern childhood leads to a decrease in the time for the implementation
of free play. Therefore, the search for means to support role play is an important task for the scientific
community and the education system. The purpose of this study was to identify current trends in the play
behavior of preschoolers, as well as to study the relationship of the main indicators of children's mental
development with the play behavior and attitudes of their parents to role play.
Materials and methods. The study involved 596 children aged 5-6 years and their parents (from 23
years to 51 years). Sociometric status, understanding of emotions, executive functions and nonverbal
intelligence were considered as indicators of children’s mental development. Data on children's play
behavior and parents' attitudes towards play were obtained using a questionnaire containing three blocks
of questions: socio-economic block, questions about the play behavior of preschoolers, questions about
parents' attitude to free children's play.
Results and discussion. The results of the study indicated a relatively low level of development of the play
of modern preschoolers: according to the observations of parents, only every fifth child is deeply immersed
in the game plot, about 15% of children do not seek to play at all. The data indicated that most parents do
not consider it necessary to allocate enough time for free play. More than 40% of parents consider play as
a "useless" activity, and more than 80% give priority to cognitive activities, for example, joint reading. At
the same time, significant links of children's play behavior with the sociometric status of a child in a group,
the ability to understand emotions, visual working memory, cognitive flexibility, information processing
speed and nonverbal intelligence were recorded.
Conclusion. The results of the study can be used to develop recommendations to support free play, as
well as for scientific purposes to analyze the specifics of modern childhood.

This opinion paper explores the multilayered impact of emotions on decision-making and judgment, highlighting integral and incidental emotions, emotional valence, and the depth of cognitive processing. Emotions can significantly influence decisions by modifying thought content, shaping motivational goals, and affecting interpersonal interactions. These findings underscore the importance of considering emotional states in models of judgment and decision-making to enhance predictive accuracy and effectiveness.

How would human players negotiate a spatial array with a randomly behaving partner? In an interactive, online, zero-sum grid game, we tested whether and how players create areas and place sequences by coloring-in places in a 20x20 matrix (261 human adults, 261 machine partners, N = 522). Several indicators showed that human players followed an intentional strategy rather than coloring in places ad libitum. First, human players built a larger largest cluster from places than the machine. Second, they were sensitive to task instructions and could modify their strategy accordingly. When instructed to build an area, they built a bigger one. When set under time pressure, they colored-in faster and only had time to build a smaller cluster from places. Third, the most compelling human strategy to create an area was their pathways (place sequencing). Despite these differences, the resulting spatial field structure was similar in human and machine players.

Across five studies, we investigate the use of appeals to the moral emotion of sympathy in negotiations. We find that negotiators who actively appeal to the sympathy of their counterparts achieve improved outcomes, both in terms of distributive value claiming as well as integrative value creation. We also compare the effects of sympathy appeals to appeals based on rationality and fairness, and find that sympathy appeals are generally the most effective. These results, then, suggest that negotiators with certain sources of weakness may actually benefit from revealing their weakness, if doing so elicits sympathy in their counterparts. We also explore negotiator power as a possible boundary condition to sympathy appeals. Relative to low power negotiators, we find that high power negotiators' sympathy appeals are seen as more inappropriate and manipulative, and may damage the negotiators' relationship going forward.

Smartphone competition in Indonesia, especially among students, is fiercely competitive. In choosing a smartphone, a lot of considerations are made by students. Each smartphone brand has a different quality, which has its advantages and disadvantages. To maintain the convenience of the company, in this study the author did not mention the original brand name. Brand S and brand O are two smartphones that are in great demand by students. The two brands compete with each other to get consumers by carrying out strategies that will be applied by each brand. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal strategy in the competition of smartphone S and smartphone O using game theory. With the hope that smartphone manufacturers can maintain sales of their products. In a two-player game the number zero consists of two optimal strategies, namely pure strategy and mixed strategy. This research produces a single optimal solution using a pure strategy, namely in determining the competitive strategy where for smartphone S the optimal strategy is to use a product durability strategy while for smartphone O the optimal strategy is to use a RAM strategy.

We experimentally investigate if subjects in a tacit coordination situation with a conflict of interest tend to choose an equal compromise, even if it is strictly dominated. The data show that this is the case, as long as the compromise payoffs are not too low. Game comparisons suggest that choosing a dominated compromise is a focal point that allows subjects to avoid a costly coordination failure.

After World War II ended, and from which Europe was the main arena of fighting it caused many material consequences and the death of many people and all of this, the heads of states discussed the creation of an alliance that would ensure collective defense, which was created in 1949 as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization-NATO. Part of which were also the most influential countries of Europe at the time, then the European Union-EU was created in 1951, where it was founded with the aim of the cooperation of the European countries coming out of the war in economic terms. But over the years it was considered reasonable that the EU also have the Foreign and Security Policy that was officially formed by the Maastricht Treaty and that will be examined in the following paper, where member states are required to cooperate with intercommunal organizations, maintain a common position in international forums and support common foreign and security policy. The main purpose of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is to preserve the freedom and security of its member countries through political and military means. NATO is committed to the peaceful resolution of disputes. If diplomatic efforts fail, it has the military capacity to undertake crisis management operations. They are carried out based on Article 5 of the Washington Treaty, the founding treaty of NATO, or based on a UN (United Nations Organization) mandate, alone or in cooperation with other countries and international organizations. The European Union is a unique political and economic partnership between 27 democratic European countries aiming at peace, prosperity and freedom for its 500 million citizens, in a fairer and safer world. It is a constantly evolving structure which has no historical precedent. The primary legislation of the EU are the treaties signed between member states. These treaties lay down the basic policies of the EU, establish its institutional structure, legislative procedure and powers.

This research presents modeling cyber-attack as a game simulated approach that shows the interaction between attacker and defender in cyberspace. Game theory provides a foundational approach for network security investigation and simulation. The research was motivated by the issues presented by the various techniques that have been developed for modeling the interactions between internet users and cyber attackers in cyberspace. One of the most effective techniques researchers have been exploring is the application of game-theoretic approaches to address network and security issues in the cyber world. Previous research did not consider the evolving nature of the attacker and defender interaction. This research, therefore, focused on the development of a 2D mobile and desktop game simulation model for cyber-security using the game theory model by elaborating the attacker and defender activities in a networking environment. The security game model aimed at constructing a typical network environment and its risk assessment framework where the intention of each player is to maximize his or her payoff or minimize his or her loss as much as possible. The result of the simulation shows that interactive games can be a promising way of modeling the interaction between attacker and defender and proffering ways to avoid falling for cyber-attacks.

A number of questionnaire based psychometric testing frameworks are globally for example OCEAN (Five factor) indicator, MBTI (Myers Brigg Type Indicator) etc. However, questionnaire based psychometric tests have some known shortcomings. This work explores whether these shortcomings can be mitigated through computer-based gaming platforms for evaluating psychometric parameters. A computer based psychometric game framework called Antarjami has been developed for evaluating OCEAN (Five factor) indicators. It investigates the feasibility of extracting psychometric parameters through computer-based games, utilizing underlying improvements in the area of modern artificial intelligence. The candidates for the test are subjected to a number scenarios as part of the computer based game and their reactions/responses are used to evaluate their psychometric parameters. As part of the study, the parameters obtained from the game were compared with those evaluated using paper based tests and scor...

Cronbach's (1957) famous division of scientific psychology into two disciplines is still apparent for the fields of cognition (general mechanisms) and intelligence (dimensionality of individual differences). The welcome integration of the two fields requires the construction of mechanistic models of cognition and cognitive development that explain key phenomena in individual differences research. In this paper, we argue that network modeling is a promising approach to integrate the processes of cognitive development and (developing) intelligence into one unified theory. Network models are defined mathematically, describe mechanisms on the level of the individual, and are able to explain positive correlations among intelligence subtest scores-the empirical basis for the well-known g-factor-as well as more complex factorial structures. Links between network modeling, factor modeling, and item response theory allow for a common metric, encompassing both discrete and continuous characteristics, for cognitive development and intelligence.

The current study implements psychometric network analysis within the framework of confirmatory (structural equation) modeling. Utility is demonstrated by three applications on independent data sets. The first application uses WAIS data and shows that the same kind of fit statistics can be produced for network models as for traditional confirmatory factor models. This can assist deciding between factor analytical and network theories of intelligence, e.g. g theory versus mutualism theory. The second application uses the 'Holzinger and Swineford data' and illustrates how to cross-validate a network. The third application concerns a multigroup analysis on scores on the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BCATC). It exemplifies how to test if network parameters have the same values across groups. Of theoretical interest is that in all applications psychometric network models outperformed previously established (g) factor models. Simulations showed that this was unlikely due to overparameterization. Thus the overall results were more consistent with mutualism theory than with mainstream g theory. The presence of common (e.g. genetic) influences is not excluded, however.

The child custody disputes may have different backgrounds, such as: divorce, guardianship, adoption, child abuse and neglect, etc. Quite often, however, parents' separation and divorce raise the issue of child custody. Families dealing with these stressful life events face a tough time of insecurity and confusion. Studies have shown that the degree of cooperation or conflict between parents is the factor that significantly contributes to how the children will react to their parents' divorce or separation. Unfortunately, the adversarial process has not proven to be the best method to help parents to cooperate and support each other when the lives of their children are being discussed. In contrast to litigation, mediation has showed to be a process that diminishes negative consequences that often result from custody disputes. Mediation brings parents together, emphasizes their common interests, and helps them make decisions that will benefit the whole family. During the past few decades, international mediation practice has developed various mediation styles, nowadays used by mediators to manage different types of disputes. This paper will address one of the most discussed classifications of mediation styles with an effort to reach conclusions on the most appropriate approach to mediating child custody disputes.

The child custody disputes may have different backgrounds, such as: divorce, guardianship, adoption, child abuse and neglect, etc. Quite often, however, parents' separation and divorce raise the issue of child custody. Families dealing with these stressful life events face a tough time of insecurity and confusion. Studies have shown that the degree of cooperation or conflict between parents is the factor that significantly contributes to how the children will react to their parents' divorce or separation. Unfortunately, the adversarial process has not proven to be the best method to help parents to cooperate and support each other when the lives of their children are being discussed. In contrast to litigation, mediation has showed to be a process that diminishes negative consequences that often result from custody disputes. Mediation brings parents together, emphasizes their common interests, and helps them make decisions that will benefit the whole family. During the past few decades, international mediation practice has developed various mediation styles, nowadays used by mediators to manage different types of disputes. This paper will address one of the most discussed classifications of mediation styles with an effort to reach conclusions on the most appropriate approach to mediating child custody disputes.

The increasing interest in the history of psychology has led to recommendations for refining our historical methods and thinking about historical knowledge generally. Solely intellectual or presentist histories obscure many of the problems and insights that were experienced by our forebears and deny contemporary psychologists a broader perspective for viewing current psychological and moral issues. A more critical historical perspective would acknowledge the unexplored facets of psychology's heritage. This study examines earlier proposals for the role of psychology in the betterment of American society, particularly as they were manifested in the Utopias of G.

The current study explored relationships between personality traits and different types of video game playing. Cluster analysis identified four video game player types: casual, arousal, challenge, and hardcore. Daily game players reported lower Extraversion and Conscientiousness and higher Exploitativeness/Entitlement than less frequent players.

Why and how do individuals residing in relatively peaceful and affluent Western societies come to embrace extremist ideologies that emanate from distant places? We summarize the most recent empirical literature on the causes and dynamics of radicalization, and evaluate the state of the art in the study of Islamist homegrown extremism in the West. We propose a theoretical synthesis based on four factors that come together to produce violent radicalization: personal and collective grievances, networks and interpersonal ties, political and religious ideologies, and enabling environments and support structures. We propose adopting a "puzzle" metaphor that represents a multifactor and contextualized approach to understanding how ordinary individuals transform into violent extremists. We concluded with three recommendations to strengthen the empirical foundations of radicalization studies.

Mutualistic interactions among species are common in most ecosystems. Despite the ubiquitous presence of mutualism, its evolutionary origin and stability has remained enigmatic. Here, we study this problem by generalizing Doebeli and Knowlton's spatial model for the evolution of mutualism [Doebeli, M., Knowlton, N., 1998. The evolution of interspecific mutualism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 8676-8680]. We show that spatial environmental heterogeneity facilitates the evolution of mutualistic interactions under a wide range of plausible conditions. Our model exhibits complex spatial patch dynamics, with environmental heterogeneity reducing among patch migration and leading to increased phenotypic diversity. Moreover, under such environmental heterogeneity, we also observe that both mutualism and exploitative interactions can be permanently present in the same population.

Each person feels and understands stories in a unique way. Stories have different meanings to people, and those depend on their personal experiences and personality. Each one of us is unique, with unique personality traits, classifiable through personality trait theories, such as the Myers-Briggs theory. In this paper, we describe how we have created a database of 155 individuals to extract their personality classifications based on Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and then used the fact that each person's individual traits impact the interpretation of interactive storytelling. With this work, we intend to perceive transparently (i.e. without questionnaire and using the language of the interactive experience itself) the person's personality in order to create through the use of persuasion a personalised narrative experience. Through a concrete study, we show how an Interactive Storytelling scenario can be used to identify users personality traits. In particular, by extracting the decisions taken by a user in an interactive storytelling scenario, we are able to predict the user's MBTI personality traits.

Occupying an eccentric position with respect to critical theories, Foucault prefigures a queer critical thought and practice. In this paper I make a case for the continuing importance of Foucault for rethinking feminism within the context of neoliberal governmentality despite continuing skepticism about the value of his ethical writings. I draw not only upon the work of Foucault, but also that of queer feminist Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick.

Player modeling is an important concept that has gained much attention in game research due to its utility in developing adaptive techniques to target better designs for engagement and retention. Previous work has explored modeling individual differences using machine learning algorithms performed on aggregated game actions. However, players' individual differences may be better manifested through sequential patterns of the in-game player's actions. While few works have explored sequential analysis of player data, none have explored the use of Hidden Markov Models (HMM) to model individual differences, which is the topic of this paper. In particular, we developed a modeling approach using data collected from players playing a Role-Playing Game (RPG). Our proposed approach is two fold: 1. We present a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) of player in-game behaviors to model individual differences, and 2. using the output of the HMM, we generate behavioral features used to classify real world players' characteristics, including game expertise and the big five personality traits. Our results show predictive power for some of personality traits, such as game expertise and conscientiousness, but the most influential factor was game expertise.

We conduct a dictator experiment with children (7 to 16 years old) and adults to study the development of the underlying motivations for other-regarding behavior. Prior to choosing the sharing rule, our participants can manipulate their access to information and remain strategically ignorant of the payoffs associated with some or all of the alternatives. We find that information avoidance is infrequent (11.2% of the trials) and occurs for two opposite motives: some participants-mostly adults-look only at their payoffs and maximize them whereas some other participants-mostly school age children-look only at the other person's payoffs and maximize them. Among fully informed participants, sharing depends on age but it is also nuanced by the opportunity cost of giving.

The voice training area has always been an important part of vocal development. Correct technical studies and preparing a repertoire according to the sound structure contains an important prerequisite. The success of singers in the sound education process and in their professional life is connected with the recognition of the voice type and the voice. Baritone sound The concept of sound structure in this study explaining the features, repertoires, baritone vocal types and exercises that these types of voice can work were taken. Research examined as Thematic was compilation has been a work and the problem is explained by descriptive approach.

The voice training area has always been an important part of vocal development. Correct technical studies and preparing a repertoire according to the sound structure contains an important prerequisite. The success of singers in the sound education process and in their professional life is connected with the recognition of the voice type and the voice. Baritone sound The concept of sound structure in this study explaining the features, repertoires, baritone vocal types and exercises that these types of voice can work were taken. Research examined as Thematic was compilation has been a work and the problem is explained by descriptive approach.

In the ultimatum-game, as in many real-life social exchange situations, the selfish motive to maximize own gains conflicts with fairness preferences. In the present study we manipulated the availability of cognitive-control resources for ultimatum-game proposers to test whether preference for fairness is a deliberative cognitive-controlled act or an automatic act. In two experiments we found that a shortage of cognitive control (ego depletion) led proposers in the ultimatum game (UG) to propose significantly more equal split offers than non-depleted proposers. These results can be interpreted as resulting from an automatic concern for fairness, or from a greater fear of rejection, which would be in line with a purely self-interested response. To separate these competing explanations, in Experiment 2 we conducted a dictator-game in which the responder cannot reject the offer. In contrast to the increased fairness behavior demonstrated by depleted ultimatum-game proposers, we found that depleted dictator-game allocators chose the equal split significantly less often than non-depleted allocators. These results indicate that fairness preferences are automatically driven among UG proposers. The automatic fair behavior, however, at least partially reflects concern about self-interest gain. We discuss different explanations for these results.

Collective punishment and reward are usually regarded as two potential mechanisms to explain the evolution of cooperation. Both scenarios, however, seem problematic to understand cooperative behavior, because they can raise the second-order free-rider problem and many organisms are not able to discriminate less cooperating individuals. Even though they have been proved to increase cooperation, there has been a debate about which one being more effective. To address this issue, we resort to the N-player evolutionary snowdrift game (NESG), where a collective punishment/ reward mechanism is added by allowing some players to display punishment/reward towards all remaining players. By means of numerous simulations and analyses, we find that collective punishment is more effective in promoting cooperation for a relatively high initial frequency of cooperation or for a relatively small group. When the intensity of punishment exceeds a certain threshold, a stable state of full cooperation emerges for both small and large groups. In contrast, such state does not appear for large groups playing a NESG with reward mechanism. In the case of mutualistic interactions, finally, our results show the new payoff with collective punishment/reward can lead to the coexistence of cooperators and defectors when discrimination between these two is not possible. Behavior we define as cooperation is widely observed in nature from interacting genes to multi-cellular organisms, yet explaining the evolution of cooperation has been a conundrum for sociologists, economists and biologists alike 1-3. To date, the classical theories of kin selection 4 , group selection 5,6 , reciprocal altruism 1,7 , indirect reciprocity 8,9 and spatial reciprocity 10 have been proposed to explain the evolution and the maintenance of cooperation. Among them, kin selection and reciprocal altruism argue that organisms who endorse cooperative strategies receive a fitness advantage if the partners share common genes or exchange beneficial acts. These adaptations are considered as active processes, because the partners are voluntarily induced to cooperate. Therefore, the evolutionarily stable strategy of cooperation becomes gradually fixed in the populations 11,12. Although reciprocal altruism and kin selection are both accepted as important dynamics to explain the evolution of cooperation, they encounter significant problems in relation to cheating. They in fact give little hints on why and how some individuals at times change their strategy into a non-cooperative one to the extent of becoming cheaters 13-15. In these instances, cooperation turns into competition causing conflicts amongst the players who fight for the limited resources available 16-21. To overcome these problems, recent empirical observations suggest that cooperation may have evolved through an enforcement

While the future landscape of cyberspace is becoming quite complicated, NATO must define the potential threats and adapt its strategy to these challenges. In order to form an effective cyber security strategy, a significant number of challenges need to be taken into account for the foreseeable future. Apart from its member states NATO needs to cooperate with significant number of partner nations in order to establish an effective response mechanism against potential cyber threats for maintaining a safe, secure and resilient cyberspace. The paper focuses on the reasons that necessitated the formulation of NATO's cyber security strategy. The evolution of NATO's cyber security policy has been delineated, various aspects of the latest strategy to prevent emerging cyber threats in the modern era and the prospects for partner countries have been examined, the proposals have been put forward to improve the cyber capabilities of Azerbaiajn Republic in cooperation with NATO.

The concept of resilience in defense and security is evolving towards the inclusion of a wide-ranging and multidimensional set of vulnerabilities and associated mitigation strategies across the spectrum of military and non-military mechanisms of response. This article argues that while corruption and poor governance are now recognized as a security threat, as articulated in the NATO Warsaw Summit Declaration, the strengthening of defense and related security institutions in both Allied and partner countries remains to be further embedded as an integral part of the concept of resilience. Institutional resilience based on integrity, transparency, and accountability is critical for ensuring the fulfillment of NATO's resilience commitment and its baseline requirements, which include inter alia continuity of government with the ability to make decisions and provide services to the population. Corruption and poor governance undermine public trust and perpetuate instability and fragility. NATO's Building Integrity policy contributes to the fulfillment of the Alliance's three core tasks-collective defense, crisis management, and cooperative security. NATO's work on Projecting Stability vis-à-vis partners has recognized the role of good governance as a component of improving partners' resilience. This needs to be further institutionalized through consistent efforts at strengthening defense institutions. The contribution of institutional resilience to NATO's defense and deterrence task needs to be further conceptualized. The article argues for a more consistent approach to operationalizing Building Integrity as an integral part of the concept of resilience and the need for robust institutional capabilities to mitigate vulnerabilities stemming from the risk of corruption as a security threat.

We report data from laboratory experiments where participants were primed using phrases related to markets and trade. Participants then participated in trust games with anonymous strangers. The decisions of primed participants are compared to those of a control group. We find evidence that priming for market participation affects positively the beliefs regarding the trustworthiness of anonymous strangers and increases trusting decisions.

Анотація. Для кіберспортивних дисциплін характерні складні навички моторики, командна координація, швидке прийняття рішень та інтелектуальна й емоційна взаємодія. Психологічне навантаження та підвищений рівень стресу на змаганнях викликають у окремих гравців агресію, негативні емоції, що визначають як тильтування. Мета. Здійснити теоретичний пошук та дослідити підходи до визначення понять «тильт» та «тильтування» як наукової проблеми в кіберспорті. Методи. Аналіз науково-методичної, публіцистичної літератури та даних мережі Інтернет; систематизація, узагальнення. Результати. Систематизація підходів до визначення дефініцій «тильт» та «тильтування» дозволила звести розрізнені знання та пояснення визначень в єдину наукову систему, встановити загальні закономірності та відмінності у трактуванні. Досліджено витоки появи тильту в спорті та ігрових дисциплінах. Обґрунтовано та дано авторське визначення понять «тильт» та «тильтування». Тильт – це змагальний психоемоційний стан гравця безпос...

Positioning theory opens up a new dimension in the psychology of interpersonal encounters, through explicit attention to the role of rights and duties in the management of action. People are positioned or position themselves with respect to rights and duties to act within evolving story-lines, and on the basis of claims about relevant personal attributes, the discursive process of prepositioning. Some recent applications of positioning theory are presented, ranging from simple interpersonal encounters, through positioning in a complex public but limited legal struggle, to the positioning techniques used to justify civilian causalities in warfare, to the analysis of examples of the discourses by which large-scale social entities position themselves in relation to others.

This project explores a method to incorporate computer programming into primary school education. Through researching into effective teaching methods and combining it with inspirations taken from existing educational computer programming projects, we developed Loopo. Loopo blends a specially designed tangible interface with a digital interface. The tangibility of Loopo encourages collaboration among the users and motivates them to learn together. To keep up with the increasingly earlier adoption of computer technology, Loopo's goal is to teach children the fundamentals of computer programming in a fun, relatable, and interesting way, while nurturing collaboration through an easily approachable system.

This study aims to investigate the impact of personality dimensions on consumer videogame engagement. We distributed the study questionnaire to gamers aged 16-19 years and managed to get threehundred-and-eighty valid respondents who provided data in the form of a self-report using HEXACO-100 items and consumer videogame engagement constructs. WarpPLS 7.0 version was employed and the impact of personality dimensions on consumer videogame engagement was assessed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Our findings indicate that personality traits such as consciousness and extraversion impact consumer videogame engagement, whereas agreeableness, emotionality, openness-to-experience, and honesty-humility do not. Our study explores the utility of the HEXACO-100 item to assess the personality factors that can predict consumer videogame engagement. The article discusses the results and offers the practical and theoretical implications of our findings.

I argue that the analysis of different kinds of cooperation will benefit from an account of the cognitive and communicative functions required for that cooperation. I review different models of cooperation in game theory-reciprocal altruism, indirect reciprocity, cooperation about future goals, and conventionswith respect to their cognitive and communicative prerequisites. The cognitive factors considered include recognition of individuals, memory capacity, temporal discounting, prospective cognition, and theory of mind. Whereas many forms of cooperation require no communication or just simple communication, more advanced forms that are unique to humans presuppose full symbolic communication. 1 A stronger criterion, focused on human cooperation, is formulated by Bowles and Gintis [8]: "An individual behavior that incurs personal costs in order to engage in a joint activity that confers benefits exceeding these costs to other members of one's group." It should be noted that 'joint' activity need not imply that the actions are performed simultaneously: they can be done in sequence.

Personality Traits are one of the most important aspects of human behaviour analysis that can be widely used in a plethora of scientific fields. Nowadays, a variety of industries use self-assessment techniques to evaluate their employees or candidates to form effective teams based on the relationships between the personnel. The Big Five personality traits, also known as the OCEAN Five model, encompass an individual’s behaviour on five factors: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Currently, the evaluation is based on questionnaires, which are prone to subjectivity and can be biased. In this paper, we analyse the behaviours on which each trait is based, in a series of 3D Escape Rooms with the aim of collecting metrics in a number of settings/situations to effectively assess them, with the use of gamification. Each Escape Room has unique features and simulates special occasions to monitor the player's reactions as well as gameplay style to gen...

Random diffusion is shown to be an important mechanism on fostering cooperative behavior among simple agents (memoryless, unconditional cooperators or defectors) living on a spatially structured environment. In particular, under the Prisoner's Dilemma framework, when allowing the agents to move with the simple "always-move" rule, we find that cooperative behavior is not only possible but may even be enhanced. In addition, for a broad range of densities, mobile cooperators can more easily invade a population of mobile defectors, when compared with the fully viscous, immobile case. Thus, such simple mobility pattern may have played a fundamental role both in the onset and development of cooperative behavior, paving the way to more complex, individual and group, motility rules.

The accelerated technological advances in the field of communications and information systems have produced profound changes in society. Over time, these changes have become prerequisites for good functioning. Moving the area of interest into the virtual space generated by cyber infrastructures represented a migration of threats. Thus, the possibility of remote control of cyber infrastructures, both in peacetime and in conflict, has generated a new type of infrastructure for the national defense system-the critical military cyber infrastructure. Significant contributions are made to the proactive management of critical infrastructures by developing a multi-level architecture model of active cyber defense in the context of hybrid threats.

A number of questionnaire based psychometric testing frameworks are globally for example OCEAN (Five factor) indicator, MBTI (Myers Brigg Type Indicator) etc. However, questionnaire based psychometric tests have some known shortcomings. This work explores whether these shortcomings can be mitigated through computer-based gaming platforms for evaluating psychometric parameters. A computer based psychometric game framework called Antarjami has been developed for evaluating OCEAN (Five factor) indicators. It investigates the feasibility of extracting psychometric parameters through computer-based games, utilizing underlying improvements in the area of modern artificial intelligence. The candidates for the test are subjected to a number scenarios as part of the computer based game and their reactions/responses are used to evaluate their psychometric parameters. As part of the study, the parameters obtained from the game were compared with those evaluated using paper based tests and scor...

This research has been conducted to ascertain whether people with certain personality types exhibit preferences for particular game genres. Four hundred and sixty-six participants completed an online survey in which they described their preference for various game genres and provided measures of personality. Personality types were measured using the five-factor model of personality. Significant relationships between personality types and game genres were found. The results are interpreted in the context of the features of particular game genres and possible matches between personality traits and these features.