Francis Crick

RESUMO A análise dos sonhos está presente como tema de interesse desde a Antiguidade, dentro e fora da Psicologia. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica nacional a respeito do tema. Por meio de uma seleção sistemática nas bases LILACS, SciELO e PePSIC, entre 2001 e 2011, foram recuperados oito artigos. Constata-se, de forma geral, a pequena quantidade de estudos destinados especificamente ao tema. Destaca-se neles a concepção defendida por cada abordagem psicológica acerca da causalidade, função e uso do sonho dentro da prática psicoterápica. Discorre-se, posteriormente, sobre semelhanças e diferenças entre as diferentes formas de compreender os sonhos. Evidencia-se a grande divergência em relação aos pressupostos de cada abordagem, não sendo encontrados exercícios no sentido de uma leitura integradora ou problematizadora. Palavras-chave: sonho; análise dos sonhos; relato do sonho; técnicas psicoterapêuticas.

Like all good memoirs it has not been emasculated by considerations of good taste." That was Peter Medawar's verdict on The Double Helix, Jim Watson's ebullient succès de scandale. Watson's exuberant style, let it be said right away, is not Maurice Wilkins's. He and Francis Crick were outraged by Watson's account-now a modern classic, at number seven in the American Modern Library's roll of the most important books of the twentieth century-and tried their best to prevent its publication. In 1989 Crick came out with his own reflections, and, in between and subsequently, the story of DNA has been told and retold by historians, by journalists and by scientists in books and articles without number. Rosalind Franklin, Wilkins's uncongenial colleague at King's College in London, was increasingly depicted, especially by a strident galère of rampant feminists, as the tragic (for she died at the age of 37) and wronged heroine, traduced and shamelessly robbed of credit for her work on DNA. The chief villain, according to a deplorable biography by Anne Sayre, a novelist and friend of Rosalind Franklin's, was Maurice Wilkins and it has taken Brenda Maddox's luminous life of Franklin (The Dark Lady of DNA) to restore some balance. Throughout all the uproar Maurice Wilkins has kept his peace, and only now, in his mideighties, has he set down his own story. Francis Crick has related that when searching for a job after the Second World War, he consulted the physicist Harrie Massey for advice. Massey suggested a visit to Wilkins, then already ensconced at King's. As Crick recalls, "Massey

Bom in Ireland and brought up in Glasgow, Scotland. James Arthur came to New York in 1871. Trained in mechanics and gearcutting, he pursued a career in the manufacture and repair of machinery, during the course of which he founded a number of successful businesses and received patents on a variety of mechanical devices. His mechanical interests evolved early into a lifelong passion for horology, the science of measuring time, and he both made some remarkable clocks and assembled an important collection of old and rare timepieces. Early in this century James Arthur became associated with the American Museum of Natural History, and began to expand his interest in time to evolutionary time, and his interest in mechanisms to that most precise and delicate mechanism of them all. the human brain. The ultimate expression of his fascination with evolution and the brain was James Arthur's bequest to the American Museum permitting the establishment of the James Arthur Lectures on the Evolution of the Human Brain. The first James Arthur Lecture was delivered on March 15. 1932. two years after Mr. Arthur's death, and the series has since continued annually, without interruption.

It presents an original model of human creativity, as well as a series of personal considerations about creativity within Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is believed that when human creativity it will be known, it can be implemented in AI, such as a number of major challenges such as pattern recognition, process simulation, optimal control, and so on.

Abstract: Can we make progress exploring consciousness? Or is it forever beyond human reach? In science we never know the ultimate outcome of the journey. We can only take whatever steps our current knowledge affords. This paper explores today's evidence from the viewpoint of Global Workspace (GW) theory. First, we ask what kind of evidence has the most direct bearing on the question. The answer given here is 'contrastive analysis'--a set of paired comparisons between similar conscious and unconscious processes. This body of ...

Both business study and practi ce have historically used the knowledge developed in other domains such as Biology, Psychology, and Psychiatry, among others. Analysis of general behaviors (leadership, moti vati on, consumer, etc.), identi fi cati on and quanti fi cati on of a tendency to take risks and make decisions, cogniti ve mechanisms adjacent to creati ve generati on (essence of innovati on), the role of elderly people in the organizati onal producti ve environment, among others, are examples of administrati ve applicati ons that require a new approach and a new atti tude. Reorganizati on of neurons, maps and neural signatures, mirror neurons, plasti city, brainmachine interfaces, the role of neurotransmitt ers and modulators in the teaching-learning process and in the control of emoti ons, among others, are concepts whose domain will soon be required from managers because they are needed to future management practi ces. Thus, this study proposes to fi ll this current gap through a technical-scienti fi c essay based on bibliographical references, establishing a bridge for refl ecti on and problemati zati ons within the fi eld of the organizati onal studies (Management, Economy, Organizati onal Communicati on, and other related) , through suggesti ons, the new fi eld that now unfolds to business research and practi ce.

The role of Rosalind Franklin, chemist and X-ray crystallographer, in one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century-the discovery of the DNA helical structure-has long been debated. Although numerous protagonists have provided different versions of the events preceding Watson and Crick's famous paper in journal Nature in April 1953, it is nevertheless evident that a serious breach of ethical research conduct was committed. By analysing the controversy of Franklin's deserved but missed Nobel Prize, the authors of the present paper suggest that the Nobel Prize nomination and awarding procedure might be revised to avoid Franklin-like injustices in the future. According to the authors, this might be achieved by returning to Alfred Nobel's original idea of awarding the prize "to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind" and/or by allowing a deceased person to be both nominated and awarded.

The role of Rosalind Franklin, chemist and X-ray crystallographer, in one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century – the discovery of the DNA helical structure – has long been debated. Although numerous protagonists have provided different versions of the events preceding Watson and Crick’s famous paper in journal Nature in April 1953, it is nevertheless evident that a serious breach of ethical research conduct was committed. By analysing the controversy of Franklin’s deserved but missed Nobel Prize, the authors of the present paper suggest that the Nobel Prize nomination and awarding procedure might be revised to avoid Franklin-like injustices in the future. According to the authors, this might be achieved by returning to Alfred Nobel’s original idea of awarding the prize “to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind” and/or by allowing a deceased person to be both nominated and awarded.

Francis Crick, known for his discovery with James Watson of the double helix but described by a biologist colleague as "the absolute master in a way that nobody else in that generation was," died in San Diego, California. He was 88. "If all you think of with Francis Crick is the double helix, then you don't know the man," Crick's Cambridge contemporary and Nobel prize winner Aaron Klug told us. Although Crick did perform many of the intellectual somersaults that revealed DNA's double helix-work for which he shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine-that was only one of the world-changing discoveries that littered his career, according to Klug. While many of his achievements are now so established that they are the stuff of the school curriculum, in their time each was the pinnacle of scientific achievement. Born on June 8, 1916 in Northampton, UK, Francis Harry Compton Crick in 1937 got a degree in physics at University College London, before spending World War II devising ways of sweeping German magnetic mines for the British Admiralty, and designing circuits for British magnetic and acoustic mines. During the war he also married Ruth Dodd, and the couple had a son, Michael. Around the time that the war ended, so too did his marriage. In 1947 he married Odile Speed, and the couple had two daughters, Gabrielle and Jacqueline. 1947 also marked a significant change in his working life, as Crick moved to Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, where he studied the physical properties of cytoplasm in cultured fibroblast cells, a task he found intellectually limiting. "He always knew who to go and talk to about problems," recalled Cambridge physiologist Horace Barlow. "He sought me out because he knew that I was interested in neuroscience. He was already working on a problem in cell biology, but he didn't think it was very important-all he wanted to do was get that finished with. He wondered whether to go into neurosciences."

This article reconsiders the theoretical role of the genetic code. By drawing on published and unpublished sources from the 1950s, I analyse how the code metaphor was actually employed by the scientists who first promoted its use. The analysis shows that the term 'code' picked out mechanism sketches, consisting of more or less detailed descriptions of ordinary molecular components, processes, and structural properties of the mechanism of protein synthesis. The sketches provided how-possibly explanations for the ordering of amino acids by nucleic acids (the 'coding problem'). I argue that employing the code metaphor was justified in virtue of its descriptive-denotational and explanatory roles, and because it highlighted a similarity with conventional codes that was particularly salient at the time. 1 Introduction 2 Coding Schemes in the 1950s 2.1 The research problem: Determining amino acid sequences 2.2 The solution: Mapping schemes or 'codes' 3 The Code Metaphor Played Descriptive and Explanatory Roles 4 The Abstractness of Codes and the Expendability of the Code Metaphor 5 The Role of Arbitrariness 6 Conclusions 1 Introduction The 'genetic code' is perhaps one of the most familiar metaphors in biology. At one level the metaphor is nowadays simply a label for a set of causal relations important for protein synthesis, namely, the mapping between RNA base triplets and amino acids. But the widespread use of semantic language in molecular biology, as exemplified by 'code', is controversial among

O tema escolhido é sonhos. Parece um assunto simples, mas engloba várias questões difíceis de serem respondidas. O que são sonhos e como funcionam? O que significam? O que acontece em nosso cérebro enquanto sonhamos? É possível controlar os sonhos? Neste trabalho estarão respostas para as perguntas antes citadas e outros assuntos como premonições, invenções que vieram de sonhos e alguns de seus fatos. Algumas teorias são baseadas na ideia de que sonhamos para exercitar conexões neurais e com isso a aprendizagem. Outras são baseadas na ideia de que sonhar é uma forma de resolver os problemas e situações do cotidiano. Para Sigmund Freud seriam os desejos reprimidos, que não temos capacidade de expressar em um ambiente social. Já Allan Hobson e Robert McCarley concluíram que os sonhos eram simplesmente o resultado de impulsos elétricos aleatórios que usam imagens de nossa memória. Quando dormimos, passamos por cinco estágios de sono e cada estágio é representado por uma quantidade dife...

This article explores theoretical and methodological aspects of reading and reception that Freudian concepts and descriptions have had in the neuroscientific context of the last 30 years. Specifically, we demonstrate some central issues that the contemporary neuroscientific community has addressed to psychoanalysis, through the scientific and physiological project of naturalization of the mind directed by Eric. R. Kandel. We discuss the conceptual and programmatic parameters of this project and highlight its strengths and failing from the point of view of the subjectivity approach, from the perspective of psychoanalysis. We think that António R. Damásio's theory of consciousness and self is more consistent in addressing the qualitative and phenomenal dimension of psychic functions, because it is supported by bodily substrates. We also argue that Damásio's stratified and hierarchical neuropsychological model presents a potential confluence with Freudian descriptions of the eg...

History often attributes the discovery of the DNA molecule to Watson and Crick, though it often forgets the other key players: one of whom was Rosalind Franklin. Her work on the project was instrumental in the discovery of the DNA molecule itself, and one would be hard pressed to rebuke that. Yet there is still discussion around the character of Franklin herself, and while no one can deny that she was robbed of the recognition, there is conflict about what her relationship with Watson and Crick actually was, and what her role in the discovery was. She is painted as a feminist martyr, though this paper seeks to remedy that, and present her as a scientist whose work should be recognized for what it was: revolutionary.  

The essay is an empirical case study of famed British scientist Francis Crick. Viewing him as a 'cross-worlds influencer' who was moreover dedicated to a cause, I have tried to understand how these two characteristics influenced the trajectory of his long career and how they shaped his contributions to the diverse research fields in which he was active, and concluded that these characteristics reconfigure Crick's career into a coherent whole. First, I identify a major thread running through Crick's career: helping organise 'un-disciplined' new research fields, and show that his successive choices were not serendipitous but motivated by what he construed as a crusade against 'vitalism': anti-vitalism was a defining driver of his career. I then examine how Crick put his skills as a crossworlds influencer to the service of his cause, by helping organise his chosen fields of intervention. I argue that his activities as a cross-worlds influencer were an in...

Este estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar o valor de um programa de estimulação cortical, voltado para o déficit de atenção de alunos com Síndrome de Down, de ambos os sexos e idade compreendida entre 17 e 21 anos. A metodologia de trabalho foi desenvolvida por meio de pesquisa experimental, e a estratégia metodológica adotada foi a realização de um pré-teste e um pós-teste de processamento mental, que avaliou o tempo de reação a um estímulo programado. Entre esses testes, realizou-se a intervenção que ocorreu durante um mês, por meio de 20 sessões de estimulação cortical, sendo uma sessão por dia com duração de 40 minutos. Os resultados mostraram uma melhora significativa no tempo de reação (p = 0.0207), confirmando que a referida estimulação atua positivamente, ou de forma valiosa, no estado de atenção e de concentração prolongada de indivíduos com síndrome de Down.

O consistente avanço da pesquisa neurocientífica tem suscitado concatenações com a psicanálise visando a criação de uma nova disciplina: a neuropsicanálise A expressão 'neuropsicanálise' oferece, em si mesma, algumas dicas da pretensão "amalgamante" entre os distintos campos do conhecimento e o presente artigo objetiva examinar as condições de 'transcrição conceitual' entre estes dois domínios bem como o seu inverso: até que ponto estes campos-caracterizados por procedimentos epistemológicos e metodológicos distintos-podem realizar com sucesso a escalada rumo a um novo paradigma. Assumimos que alguns conceitos da psicanálise e da neurociência podem 'migrar', observadas as devidas cautelas, entre os dois campos sem o risco de se incorrer em 'imposturas intelectuais'. Por outro lado, acreditamos que alguns dos conceitos centrais da psicanálise não se mostram epistemologicamente aptos a encontrar ressonância no campo da neurociência (e vice-versa) sem o risco de perdas irreparáveis em sua identidade conceitual.

These volumes are among a large number of publications produced as part of the reflections on the past triggered by the fiftieth anniversary of DNA structure, the 'double helix', in the spring of 2003. Although each deals with a different actor, all seek to shed new light on an event that has enjoyed considerable publicity, even notoriety in films, plays, and exhibitions. 1 It is of interest to see how they manage to contribute different perspectives on the 'same' event.

As ferramentas e aportes conceituais da neurociência têm produzido avanços nas pesquisas sobre as características do sono e dos sonhos, associando estas aos processos de consolidação de memória. O presente artigo visa analisar a contribuição da hipótese da "Aprendizagem-Reversa" ao campo da psicologia. Pela natureza associativa da memória e pelo fato de forjarem-se novas conexões neurais diariamente através do aprendizado, as redes neuronais criariam memórias "falsas". Com o risco de ficar sobrecarregada, esta rede passaria por uma "desaprendizagem" periódica; seria necessário um mecanismo para enfraquecer as conexões sinápticas errôneas durante o sono REM. As implicações dessa teoria serão avaliadas, que vão desde como evoluiu o sistema nervoso até a desconsideração de que os sonhos tenham origem nas necessidades psicológicas individuais.

received the Nohel Prize for their discovery of the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. These men based their work, in considerable part, on experimental data obtained surreptitiously from the files of Rosalind Franklin. At the time of the Nohel prize, Rosalind had been dead for four years and her pivotal contribution was not acknowledged. Rosalind Franklin had an uncanny ability to work with poorly crystallized materials. These samples are difficult to prepare, their X-ray diffraction patterns are tricky to record and their analysis is usually next to impossible. She began her professional career as a physical chemist studying coal and graphite, then turned her attention to DNA, and finally made &&hutions to the structure of plant viruses. Rosalind was horn in London on July 25,1920, the daughter of well-to-do Jewish parents. She attended the fashionable St. Paul's Girls' School where she received an excellent hackeround in nhvsics and chemistw. In the 1930s her father was active at t i e center at ~o b u r n~o u s e which aided Jews who had escaned from Nazi Germanv. Rosalind did volunteer work there while she was at school. ' Shortlv after Rosalind entered Camhridae University in 1938, much of the science faculty's time wasahsorhed inwar research. which left the undergraduates, more than usually, on theirown. This suited he: After obtaining her undergraduate degree, she remained at Camhridge for her graduate work. Through French lessons, Rosalind met metallurgist Dr. Adrienne Weill, a wartime refugee at Camhridge. At the age of 22, Rosalind gave up her fellowship in order to take her first position as a physical chemist at the British Coal Utilization Research Association. Three years later, in 1945, she received her Ph.D. from Camhridge; the title of her dissertation was "The Physical Chemistry of Solid Organic Colloids with Special Relation to Coal and Related Materials." In 1946 Franklin wrote to Weill, who by then had returned to Paris: "If ever you hear of anybody anxious for the services of n nhvsical chemist who knows verv little about phvsical ~ ~~. ~~, ~~. . chemistry. but quite ;I lot ahurn ihc holes in coal, plei~m, Irt we know" 11 ,. \Yeill .~u g~(-b t~l Proiew~r hlar,d hlathiru at thv Sorhonne, \\ho In 1111. IWtrs had wtrrked w:th l'r<dc-.aor \VIIliam H. H r w~ at the K;,wl Ini~tution in Iandon..%t 11athieu's

As ferramentas e aportes conceituais da neurociência têm produzido avanços nas pesquisas sobre as características do sono e dos sonhos, associando estas aos processos de consolidação de memória. O presente artigo visa analisar a contribuição da hipótese da "Aprendizagem-Reversa" ao campo da psicologia. Pela natureza associativa da memória e pelo fato de forjarem-se novas conexões neurais diariamente através do aprendizado, as redes neuronais criariam memórias "falsas". Com o risco de ficar sobrecarregada, esta rede passaria por uma "desaprendizagem" periódica; seria necessário um mecanismo para enfraquecer as conexões sinápticas errôneas durante o sono REM. As implicações dessa teoria serão avaliadas, que vão desde como evoluiu o sistema nervoso até a desconsideração de que os sonhos tenham origem nas necessidades psicológicas individuais.

"I have never seen Francis Crick in a modest mood". This was the way Jim Watson began his controversial book The Double Helix. No wonder Crick felt taken aback by such seeming lack of solidarity towards an old friend and colleague -after all, they had together conquered the Everest of biology, opened up a new field of inquiry about the structure and function of the gene, and touched on the very nature of life. And this was just one example of Watson's snap judgments and indiscretions; there were more in a widely circulated early manuscript of the book, entitled "Honest Jim". In fact, few people in the manuscript or subsequent book escaped Watson's "over-honest" commentary -least of all himself. But it was the overall way in which Watson presented the story of the race for the double helix that galled Francis Crick and also Maurice Wilkins, Watson's co-laureates for the Nobel Prize in 1962 (Watson and Crick shared a half, Wilkins got the other half for his X-ray crystallographic work). Crick and Wilkins regarded this as Watson's highly personal version of the truth, and a book that could do potential damage. Their pressure on Harvard University Press not to publish Honest Jim succeeded, but the book could not be suppressed. The result was a somewhat less gossipy version, The Double Helix, published by Atheneum Press in 1966. Crick's and Wilkins' reactions were not at all unusual at the time -in fact, book reviews of The Double Helix show that many were shocked at Watson's descriptions of how the work was done. The 1960s was an innocent time when it came to the public image of science. (Later, Crick and Wilkins reconsidered and reconciled with Watson, allowing him this "personal view".) In his book, Watson often does make it sound as if Crick and he were just lucky, stumbling on the truth while using other people's knowledge. Crick in his own memoirs notes that Jim Watson and he certainly could have used "the logical approach" had it proved necessary, and briefly outlines how they would have gone about this. What might Watson have had in mind with his statement about Crick? Crick certainly had a very tangible presence. As a youngish man in his mid-thirties at the time when Watson met him, Crick was known for his loud laughter -so loud, that the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, Sir Lawrence Bragg, often hastened away when he heard it. The pictures one sees of Crick makes it easy to imagine him actually laughing most of the time. He loved to dream up theories and experiments and to criticize others. But his laughter was not malicious; it was a sort of general laughter of enjoyment, the excitement of exploring new avenues, of overcoming new challenges, of pushing the unknown -in short, the laughter of a happy scientist. Crick was enjoying himself tremendously dreaming up explanations, often for other people's work. He walked into colleagues' labs telling them what kinds of experiments to do and what theories of his those would support. He talked endlessly. Meanwhile, he had no obvious authority to stand on, not having his Ph.D. Bragg wanted him to stop distracting himself, get on with his own thesis work and get out! Crick was in some sense more of a "pure" type of scientist than many others, because he had in fact given up an offer of a permanent career with the Admiralty after the war. Crick was originally a physicist but like many of his colleagues got disillusioned with the direction of post-war physics and moved into the field of biology instead. For Crick as for many of his colleagues, their fellow physicist Erwin Schrödinger's What Is Life had been a clear inspiring factor. One of the things that especially resonated with Crick was Schrödinger's discussion of codes. He was fascinated by the way in which a limited number of elements could give rise to a great number of combinations (the example given was the Morse code). This was to come in useful later. Crick had that kind of mathematical brain that likes calculation and puzzle-solving. That served him well in his own Ph.D. research on proteins, because he had to determine three-dimensional structure based on delicate calculations of intermolecular distances using X-ray crystallographic methods. But

is a photographer and documentary filmmaker, author of numerous documentaries and photographic exhibitions. He has published articles and books related to his main subject of investigation: the role played by photography in the acquisition of scientific knowledge. Personal and academic interests are focused on the study of the relationship between art and science through the theory and practice of photography. His most recent book is Photography and Knowledge: Photography in the Age of Electronics: From its Origins to 1975

The structures of protein and DNA were discovered primarily by means of synthesizing component-level information about bond types, lengths, and angles, rather than analyzing X-ray diffraction photographs of these molecules. In this paper, I consider the synthetic and analytic approaches to exemplify alternative heuristics for approaching mid-twentieth-century macromolecular structure determination. I argue that the former was, all else being equal, likeliest to generate the correct structure in the shortest period of time. I begin by characterizing problem solving in these cases as proceeding via the elimination of candidate structures through the successive application of component-level information and interpretations of X-ray diffraction photographs, each of which serves as a kind of constraint on structure. Then, I argue that although each kind of constraint enables the elimination of a considerable proportion of candidate structures, component-level constraints are significantly more likely to do so correctly. Thus, considering them before X-ray diffraction photographs is a better heuristic than one that reverses this order. Because the synthetic approach that resulted in the determination of the protein and DNA structures exemplifies such a heuristic, its use can help account for these discoveries.

Biography Joshua Stein is pursuing an interdisciplinary Master of Arts at New York University, developing a thesis on the epistemological and social role of scope, simplicity, and precision in the formation scientific theories, under the advisement of Michael Strevens. He is also developing projects on the psychology of concepts and its normative implications for philosophical methodology and a paper on the history of disputes between literary theory and analytic philosophy of language. His past work ranges in scope from multiple realizability and its role in comparative psychology to the differences between pedagogical and disciplinary styles in martial arts schools and secondary and post-secondary education.

The story of genetics typically omits the original discovery of the molecular nature of DNA: Friedrich Miescher&#39;s 1869 discovery of the substance he christened “nuclein”. The article explains how he came... In 1869, the young Swiss biochemist Friedrich Miescher discovered the molecule we now refer to as DNA, developing techniques for its extraction. In this paper we explain why his name is all but forgotten, and his role in the history of genetics is mostly overlooked. We focus on the role of national rivalries and disciplinary turf wars in shaping historical memory, and on how the story we tell shapes our understanding of the science. We highlight that Miescher could just as correctly be portrayed as the person who understood the chemical nature of chromatin (before the term existed), and the first to suggest how stereochemistry might serve as the basis for the transmission of hereditary variation.

The essay is an empirical case study of famed British scientist Francis Crick. Viewing him as a ‘cross-worlds influencer’ who was moreover dedicated to a cause, I have tried to understand how these two characteristics influenced the trajectory of his long career and how they shaped his contributions to the diverse research fields in which he was active, and concluded that these characteristics reconfigure Crick’s career into a coherent whole. First, I identify a major thread running through Crick’s career: helping organise ‘un-disciplined’ new research fields, and show that his successive choices were not serendipitous but motivated by what he construed as a crusade against ‘vitalism’: anti-vitalism was a defining driver of his career. I then examine how Crick put his skills as a cross-worlds influencer to the service of his cause, by helping organise his chosen fields of intervention. I argue that his activities as a cross-worlds influencer were an integral part of his way of ‘doin...

Dentre as principais questões endereçadas à psicanálise contemporânea, uma boa parte dos temas diz respeito ao papel da psicanálise frente às neurociências, e à presença cada vez mais frequente de conceitos psicodinâmicos em modelos neurobiológicos sobre a mente e o cérebro. Há diversos artigos científicos recentes que se apoiam em recursos de neuroimagem para propor aproximações entre alguns conceitos freudianos clássicos e determinados resultados empíricos. Alguns estudos até propõem uma junção entre as duas áreas, o que tem gerado polêmicas. Este artigo discute o surgimento da Neuropsicanálisee o que ela representa nesse debate. Para traçar uma reflexão inicial sobre a proposta neuropsicanalítica, relatamos alguns de seus procedimentos clínicos em associação com o método psicanalítico de investigação do inconsciente e as concepções freudianas de melancolia e narcisismo. © Cien. Cogn. 2013; Vol. 18 (1): 057-­-069. Palavras-­-chave: Freud; neuropsicanálise; neurociências; estudo de...

The role of Rosalind Franklin, chemist and X-ray crystallographer, in one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century-the discovery of the DNA helical structure-has long been debated. Although numerous protagonists have provided different versions of the events preceding Watson and Crick's famous paper in journal Nature in April 1953, it is nevertheless evident that a serious breach of ethical research conduct was committed. By analysing the controversy of Franklin's deserved but missed Nobel Prize, the authors of the present paper suggest that the Nobel Prize nomination and awarding procedure might be revised to avoid Franklin-like injustices in the future. According to the authors, this might be achieved by returning to Alfred Nobel's original idea of awarding the prize "to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind" and/or by allowing a deceased person to be both nominated and awarded.

Dentre as principais questoes enderecadas a psicanalise contemporânea, uma boa parte dos temas diz respeito ao papel da psicanalise frente as neurociencias, e a presenca cada vez mais frequente de conceitos psicodinâmicos em modelos neurobiologicos sobre a mente e o cerebro. Ha diversos artigos cientificos recentes que se apoiam em recursos de neuroimagem para propor aproximacoes entre alguns conceitos freudianos classicos e determinados resultados empiricos. Alguns estudos ate propoem uma juncao entre as duas areas, o que tem gerado polemicas. Este artigo discute o surgimento da Neuropsicanalise e o que ela representa nesse debate. Para tracar uma reflexao inicial sobre a proposta neuropsicanalitica, relatamos alguns de seus procedimentos clinicos em associacao com o metodo psicanalitico de investigacao do inconsciente e as concepcoes freudianas de melancolia e narcisismo. © Cien. Cogn. 2013; Vol. 18 (1): 057-069. Palavras-chave : Freud; neuropsicanalise; neurociencias; estudo de c...

O fenômeno de aceleração social, intimamente ligado a nossa modernização tecnológica e os sistemas políticos e sociais que adotamos, vem sendo alvo de questionamentos por parte da teoria crítica por diversos filósofos e sociólogos, principalmente em relação a se tal "aceleração" seja algo que, possa ser justificável pelo bem comum da sociedade. De fato, as rápidas mudanças que ocorreram no último século causaram uma tremenda mudança em nossos estilos-de-vida, e na maneira como experienciamos o mundo. Que a nossa sociedade mudou e continua a mudar é um fato evidente quando olhamos criticamente para o passado e presente, e comparamos diferentes épocas da história humana. Neste ensaio tentaremos explorar algumas possíveis hipóteses que fundamentem o comportamento aceleracionista em certos fatores e mecanismo biológicos que caracterizam os sistemas de motivação e saciação humanos. Também tentaremos mostrar como certos fenômenos sociais podem auxiliar em fortalecer este tipo de comportamento, e suas possíveis origens evolutivas. Este estudo tem como objetivo principal fundamentar a Tese Aceleracionista em evidências neurofisiológicas, cognitivo-comportamentais, evolutivas e sociais. Palavras-chave: aceleração; recompensa; saciação; ciências cognitivas; teoria dos gêneros.

Os atuais estudos neurocientificos sobre o funcionamento da memoria podem dialogar com a psicanalise. Os diferentes tipos de memoria estudados pela neurociencia e, especificamente a memoria implicita (nao verbal), ja tem sido tema consistente de interesse da psicanalise desde a formulacao da teoria kleiniana. A concepcao da memoria como processo a coloca nao como um registro fiel do acontecido, mas como Freud ja a definia, como uma mistura singular da lembranca com o momento presente. Como cada lembranca e construida, modificada e ampliada a partir do momento presente, pode gerar novas redes de significados e possibilidades de mudanca psiquica.

This study is a theoretical approach related to the work with dreams from the analytical psychology perspective, as a possibility to mental health intervention. This view reflects the different dialogues of psychology with the subjective process. However, it is observed that this important tool, which is widely used in psychological treatments of private practices, is expressionless in mental health services. The conceptual analysis was made through internet research, in the databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), PsycINFO, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal (Redalyc) e Periódicos Eletrônicos de Psicologia (PePSIC), beyond main books using the following keywords: dreams, mental health and analytical psychology. The found studies showed positive results of working with dreams described as ...

ResumoPara melhor conhecer a influencia do estado de sono nas dificuldades escolares que afetam a populacao brasileira, analisa-se uma serie de teorias e pesquisas de campo versando sobre o estado de sono, aprendizagem, memoria, reserva cognitiva, atencao, motivacao, automacao, plasticidade neural, alfabetizacao, letramento, leitura, escrita e seus respectivos substratos neurais. A analise revelou que a qualidade e a quantidade de sono afetam principalmente a atencao e a memoria de trabalho, funcoes cognitivas que estao no cerne da aprendizagem, da leitura e da escrita. Desta forma, espera-se resgatar o aspecto neuroeducacional do conceito de sono, descrevendo-o como um dos grandes responsaveis pelo desempenho escolar da populacao brasileira.Palavras chave: sono; aprendizagem; neuropsicologia. Abstract:In order to get better knowledge about the influence of the state of sleep on the school difficulties met with by the Brazilian population, a series of theories and field research pro...

Os atuais estudos neurocientíficos sobre o funcionamento da memória podem dialogar com a psicanálise. Os diferentes tipos de memória estudados pela neurociência e, especificamente a memória implícita (não verbal), já têm sido tema consistente de interesse da psicanálise desde a formulação da teoria kleiniana. A concepção da memória como processo a coloca não como um registro fiel do acontecido, mas como Freud já a definia, como uma mistura singular da lembrança com o momento presente. Como cada lembrança é construída, modificada e ampliada a partir do momento presente, pode gerar novas redes de significados e possibilidades de mudança psíquica.

RESUMO. Este artigo pretende apresentar um mapa panorâmico dos debates em torno da relação e da possível articulação entre a psicanálise e as neurociências. No campo psicanalítico são identificados três grupos principais, definidos a partir de seus pressupostos: (1) hibridação, (2) isolamento e (3) interlocução. O primeiro grupo entende ser necessária a construção de um campo híbrido, já que as neurociências poderiam fornecer à psicanálise fundamentos e instrumentos metodológicos e conceituais mais sólidos sobre o funcionamento psíquico. Esta proposta vem sendo desenvolvida com a fundação da neuropsicanálise. Já o segundo grupo, marcado fortemente pelo discurso lacaniano, é refratário a qualquer forma de articulação, por considerá-las todas epistemologicamente inviáveis, resultando necessariamente em uma submissão da psicanálise aos ditames cientificistas atuais. Por fim, o terceiro grupo entende ser a interlocução, sem a hierarquização dos modelos em jogo, fonte fértil para a formulação de novas hipóteses teóricas e para a revisão do edifício conceitual da psicanálise.

Dentre as principais questões endereçadas à psicanálise contemporânea, uma boa parte dos temas diz respeito ao papel da psicanálise frente às neurociências, e à presença cada vez mais frequente de conceitos psicodinâmicos em modelos neurobiológicos sobre a mente e o cérebro. Há diversos artigos científicos recentes que se apoiam em recursos de neuroimagem para propor aproximações entre alguns conceitos freudianos clássicos e determinados resultados empíricos. Alguns estudos até propõem uma junção entre as duas áreas, o que tem gerado polêmicas. Este artigo discute o surgimento da Neuropsicanálisee o que ela representa nesse debate. Para traçar uma reflexão inicial sobre a proposta neuropsicanalítica, relatamos alguns de seus procedimentos clínicos em associação com o método psicanalítico de investigação do inconsciente e as concepções freudianas de melancolia e narcisismo.

The dichotic listening task was one of the first and most important methods of investigation for selective attention. Studies involving non-clinical anxiety using this paradigm may yield results different from those seen in clinically anxious populations. This study aimed to compare the attentional bias toward emotional words in individuals with different levels of trait and state anxiety using dichotic listening task. Participants were undergraduate students (n=84, media=22 years old, standard deviation=2.3) who responded to the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). In the task were used 20 pairs of words with high arouse and negative valence, paired ones with neutral, from the Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW). Results indicated that state and trait anxiety are not important to detection of the attentional bias toward negative stimuli with high levels of activation.

Dentre as principais questões endereçadas à psicanálise contemporânea, uma boa parte dos temas diz respeito ao papel da psicanálise frente às neurociências, e à presença cada vez mais frequente de conceitos psicodinâmicos em modelos neurobiológicos sobre a mente e o cérebro. Há diversos artigos científicos recentes que se apoiam em recursos de neuroimagem para propor aproximações entre alguns conceitos freudianos clássicos e determinados resultados empíricos. Alguns estudos até propõem uma junção entre as duas áreas, o que tem gerado polêmicas. Este artigo discute o surgimento da Neuropsicanálisee o que ela representa nesse debate. Para traçar uma reflexão inicial sobre a proposta neuropsicanalítica, relatamos alguns de seus procedimentos clínicos em associação com o método psicanalítico de investigação do inconsciente e as concepções freudianas de melancolia e narcisismo.