Forestry Policy and Economics

Investigating forest revenue sources, timber auction rules, the spillover effects of trade policies on wood product demand, and import and export trends, this paper explores the influence of sectoral policies on the utilization of softwoods. Acknowledging the relative advantages of veneer and plywood exports, it suggests taking promotional measures to enhance the supply of required input products in partnership with other national policies. Analyzing wood product export trends, drawing on the authors' professional experience, raises doubts about the export competitiveness of hardwoods. It concludes by suggesting that concerned authorities revisit the cost centers of hardwood production, adopting a transparent mechanism and ensuring ownership of outcomes.

The artificial lake of La Môle in a fully forested watershed dominated by cork oak, supplying water to the tourist town of SaintTropez, Var, France. It is interesting to note that the water company is paying annual fees to the local forest owners (public and private) for maintaining the fuel break network, and thus limiting the risk of wildfires, whose impact on dam siltation and water quality can be huge.

This paper analyses the European Union's (EU's) democratising agenda within the frame of the EU's Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) in Laos. In particular, it focuses on the requirement for the participation of civil society organisations (CSOs) in the VPA and the Lao state actors' responses to this requirement. I frame the VPA's democratising agenda and its conditionality of civil society participation as acts of governmentality exercised by the EU in Laos. This EU governmentality is exercised through the EU and EU member states' funded development partner in the frame of their project supporting the FLEGT VPA process in Laos. The Lao government responses and strategies to the EU governmentality resulted on the one hand in the Lao state's governmentality towards domestic CSOs, and in counter-conduct (i.e. a subtle and sly resistance to some aspects of the VPA) on the other. First, by tracing the establishment of the Lao FLEGT Civil Society Organisations Network (FLEGT CSO Network), I highlight the trend of depoliticisation and rendering technical, where the EU-funded development partner, with full support and backing from the Lao state, trained the CSOs in various VPA and timber legality issues. In the training, the CSOs were given specific roles and tasks, building up their fields of expertise, and were integrated in the formal VPA organisational structures, which allowed for their scrutiny and tight survelience by the state. Second, I analyse the counter-conduct by the Lao government against a civil society that is independent from the state, which the government manifested through further disempowerment of CSOs and tightening of the CSO regulation shortly after the FLEGT CSO Network was established, while at the same time simulating democratisation by welcoming CSOs' participation in the VPA. Summoning CSOs as compliant actors and unpaid service providers working for and alongside the state was in part enabled by the VPA's own rendering technical approach. Hence, the EU's VPA governmentality and the Lao state counter-conduct mutually reinforced one another, even if their initial agendas around democratisation and CSO engagement in forest governance and the VPA diverged.

by the Portugal Sub-Global Assessment Team 1 This report is a contribution to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment prepared by the Portugal Sub-Global Assessment Team. The report has been prepared and reviewed through a process approved by the MA Board but the report itself has not been accepted or approved by the Assessment Panel or the MA Board. © Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa

This paper reviews the past forest resource assessments, methodologies, and findings related to forest degradation in Nepal. It highlights that early assessments recognized forest quality differences and defined forest degradation as a reduction in commercial timber production capability. Moreover, criteria and indicators employed in degradation assessment include canopy cover, tree density, and soil erosion. The paper suggests using satellite imagery accompanied by field surveys to capture forest degradation more comprehensively and assess various ecosystem services. Therefore, instead of focusing on individual services, it recommends adopting a participatory valuation approach using the ecosystem service index (ESI) for measuring the forest degradation. The paper concludes by arguing that forest degradation should be seen as a decline in the capacity of forests to provide vital ecosystem services

This article reviews past forest resources assessments, methodologies and findings on forest degradation in order to identify a way forward in understanding and addressing forest degradation. It proposes that using satellite images in conjunction with field surveys could be a suitable approach for assessing forest degradation in Nepal. It includes discussion on major drivers of degradation and methods of their detection, and proposes using a participatory valuation approach applying the ecosystem services index to quantify forest degradation.

Resumo. As opções de gestão no caso do montado de sobro estão muitas vezes sujeitas à legislação nacional. Um dos aspectos que está regulamentado é o intervalo entre duas extracções consecutivas de cortiça na mesma árvore que, segundo a legislação portuguesa, deve ser igual ou superior a 9 anos. Embora a maioria dos povoamentos de sobreiro sejam descortiçados no final deste período, em muitos casos a cortiça só é extraída com 10 anos, ou ainda posteriormente devido a circunstâncias particulares. O adiamento ou não do descortiçamento é muitas vezes feito de forma subjectiva, dependendo de aspectos como condições climáticas, estado sanitário do povoamento e/ou preço da cortiça. Os modelos existentes para a predição do peso de cortiça extraída ao nível da árvore só podem ser utilizados, na sua grande maioria, para cortiças com 9 anos, uma vez que os dados utilizados para o seu desenvolvimento são limitados a este período de crescimento. O desenvolvimento de um método que permite a predição do peso seco (biomassa) de cortiça extraída ao nível da árvore para idades diferentes de 9 anos foi o objectivo principal deste trabalho. O sistema de equações desenvolvido foi incluído no modelo SUBER, permitindo analisar qual o efeito de alargar ou diminuir o intervalo entre duas extracções consecutivas de cortiça.

The search for viable alternatives to illegal chainsaw milling in Ghana requires an understanding of the anthropogenic factors in the rural economy that promotes the practice. This paper investigated the benefits of the practice to the rural economy of Ghana. Data was obtained from survey conducted on 102 chainsaw lumber stakeholders using questionnaire across 8 forest districts in southern Ghana and analyzed descriptively. Results showed that the practice contributes to the provision of employment, community infrastructure among others. More than 50% of chainsaw operators earned up to 97% of their household income from the practice, and thus considered it as the best alternative to agricultural income. Farmers, land owners and traditional authorities received eight categories of informal payments from chainsaw operations. These included payments from sale of trees, commission on trees scouted for logging and compensation for crop damages on farmlands during logging. Also, taxes wer...

Frugivorous carnivores like civets consume fruits of many species and play an important role in their seed dispersal by virtue of depositing their scats farther away from the parent tree. This study was conducted to understand the role of the common palm civet in affecting the seed germination rate of three plant species (i.e. Syzygium cumini, Phoenix sylvestris and Ficus racemosa) in a tropical moist deciduous forest. We collected scats of common palm civets in Pachmarhi Wildlife Sanctuary, central India, and monitored the germination rate of these species for 90 days. Further, to understand the patterns of seed selection (if there are any), for seeds of a specific size, we compared the length, width, and mass of the civet-ingested seeds with those of the control seeds. We had to discard the analyses on F. racemosa as none of its seeds in any treatment group germinated even after 50 days. Our results show a differential impact of gut passage: civet-ingested P. sylvestris seeds experienced a higher germination percentage compared to the control seeds, while gut passage did not alter the seed germination of S. cumini. However, seed germination speed (proportion of seeds germinated per day) for both species, P. sylvestris and S. cumini, was faster for civet-ingested seeds compared to their respective controls. Our findings also showed that civets preferred seeds that were shorter in length and width, and weighed less, in the case of P. sylvestris; however, no such statistically significant difference was found for seed selection in the case of S. cumini. Thus, our study shows that civets act as a legitimate seed disperser of plant species and exert a differential impact in altering the germination rate.

During the past 15 years, scholars have analyzed the structure and nature of intergovernmental relations in a diversity of social policy sectors. Attention is now focused on the mechanisms by which governments interact to develop public health policy. This focus is on governance in public health policy. The nature and success of the multi-sectoral response to public health issues have accelerated debate on the need for either major legislative or structural reform of the public health system (Ståhl & Lahtinen, 2006). In this paper, we would like to present a focus on the strategy of the inter-sectoral cooperation and the role of the Portuguese National Health Plan in policymaking. Some of the questions we would like to answer are:

During the past 15 years, scholars have analyzed the structure and nature of intergovernmental relations in a diversity of social policy sectors. Attention is now focused on the mechanisms by which governments interact to develop public health policy. This focus is on governance in public health policy. The nature and success of the multi-sectoral response to public health issues have accelerated debate on the need for either major legislative or structural reform of the public health system (Ståhl & Lahtinen, 2006). In this paper, we would like to present a focus on the strategy of the inter-sectoral cooperation and the role of the Portuguese National Health Plan in policymaking. Some of the questions we would like to answer are:

The modern economy is based on technological innovations that ensure the competitiveness and stability of nations. Investments in technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things, Big Data, and other Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies lead to economic growth, job creation, and improved quality of life. Countries that support these sectors be-come less dependent on external economic and financial crises, increasing their economic and strategic security. A long-term pro-development policy focusing on new technologies is es-sential for building a strong, resilient economy, capable of withstanding various external fac-tors, and ensuring prosperity and comprehensive security for citizens.

Within forest governance research, the transfer of power from governmental actors to civil society and market actors has been subject to intense scientific debate. We move forward on this debate by analyzing how ongoing transformations and power shifts in forest governance affect the power relations of actors with interest in various ecosystem services (ESs) in nine countries (Germany,

A importância da floresta como fornecedora de benefícios ambientais, sociais e económicos para os seres humanos é uma realidade consensual na comunidade científica. Por essa razão, a preocupação em melhorar a gestão florestal é cada vez maior e nos últimos anos têm-se desenvolvido ferramentas, como os Sistemas de Apoio à Decisão, para lograr este propósito. Neste trabalho avaliam-se duas ferramentas informáticas para melhorar a gestão florestal em ecossistemas mediterrâneos, através da sua aplicação na região do Nordeste Transmontano de Portugal. Um dos grandes objetivos subjacentes a este trabalho é o de, com base nas ferramentas desenvolvidas, promover o aumento da disponibilização da madeira de forma sustentável na região. Para demonstrar a utilidade dos dois softwares desenvolvidos, FlorNExT® e FlorNExT Pro®, duas hipóteses foram estabelecidas. A primeira argumenta que as ferramentas podem proporcionar informação útil para melhorar a gestão florestal e o seu teste, baseado na ex...

The total stem volume in European forests currently amounts to 35 billion m, of which 84% is available for wood supply. The regions with the largest volumes of growing stock available for wood supply are CentralWest Europe with 8.8 billion m and Central-East Europe with 7.9 billion m. The average density of growing stock in forests in the European region is 163 m/ha. Hence, the average density level of growing stock in forests in Europe is higher than that in the world (133 m/ha); at 205 m/ha, the South America region alone has a higher density level of growing stock in forests than Europe. A little over half of the total growing stock in Europe is made up of coniferous tree species (57%) with broadleaved tree species (43%) making up the remainder. Over the last 25 years, the total growing stock in forests increased by an average of 403 million m each year. This corresponds approximately to a daily increase in the total stem volume of living trees in European forests equivalent to t...

be identified as t he authors of the editorial material. and of the auth ors for their individual chapt ers. has been assert ed in acco rdance with sectio ns 77 and 78 o f the Copyright, Designs and Pat ent s Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may b e reprinted or repro duced or utilised in any form o r by any electro nic, mechanical, o r ot her means. now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and record ing. or in any information sto rage o r retrieval system, w itho ut permission in writing from the publishers.

Este ponto do Relatório do PROF caracteriza sumariamente o clima da região do Programa Regional de Ordenamento Florestal do Alentejo (PROF-ALT) de acordo com as normais climatológicas mais recentes, e identifica as tendências verificadas nas últimas décadas para os principais elementos climáticos (temperatura e precipitação) e para fenómenos extremos (ondas de calor, ondas de frio, …). Os cenários de evolução climática são descritos tendo em conta as variáveis climáticas mais relevantes. Obtém-se, assim, uma sistematização de informação que facilita a interpretação do território englobado na região do PROF-ALT do ponto de vista biofísico. A caracterização e a avaliação dos recursos florestais apresentam, no âmbito do PROF-ALT, o objetivo de efetivar o reconhecimento do território relativamente à ocupação e distribuição das áreas ocupadas pelas principais espécies florestais. Será sobre estas áreas que posteriormente irão incidir as orientações de ordenamento e de gestão florestal pa...

A Lei n.º 31/2014, de 30 de maio, alterada pela Lei n.º 74/2017, de 16 de agosto, estabelece as bases gerais da política pública de solos, de ordenamento do território e de urbanismo (LBPSOTU). O sistema de gestão territorial estruturado por instrumentos de gestão territorial (IGT), organizados num quadro de interação coordenada de âmbitos nacional, regional, intermunicipal e municipal, desenvolve a política de solos, de ordenamento do território e de urbanismo A revisão do Regime Jurídico dos Instrumentos de Gestão Territorial (RJIGT foi aprovada pelo Decreto-Lei n.º 80/2015, de 14 de maio que desenvolve a reforma estruturante determinada pela LBPSOTU e define o regime de coordenação dos âmbitos nacional, regional, intermunicipal e municipal do sistema de gestão territorial, o regime geral de uso do solo e o regime de elaboração, aprovação, execução e avaliação dos IGT

Ghana was the first country to ratify a Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) with the European Union (EU). Both the EU and Ghana anticipate that implementation of the VPA will have positive impacts on sustainable forest management. It is also likely, however, that the strict enforcement of existing laws will have negative socio-economic effects on many people who are engaged in the forest sector, especially the informal part of the sector. The development of social safeguards — as early as possible during the FLEGT implementation process — can help prevent or manage these impacts. It is unlikely that a single social safeguard mechanism will prevent all potential negative impacts. Rather, a coherent set of tailor-made mechanisms for specific target groups over the short and long term will have to be designed and must become an integral part of the VPA. The emerging Ghana VPA implementation process provides the opportunity to addre...

forest from the stand to the landscape, regional, and global scales. Linking stand scale operations to larger scale demands will be the future challenge for the field of silviculture. Concepts, methods, and tools that enable forest managers to link stand and landscape scale management for multiple forest resources have been recently developed.

This paper delves into historical efforts to enhance timber production in the country. It examines the influence of spatial dynamics, public infrastructure facilities, processing industries, timber taxes, and timber export duty in timber production and supply. It contends that it must consider the critical constraints outlined in the policy documents and practiced standards when examining forecasted timber production potentials. The paper concludes that the aggregate annual timber supply in the market will likely reach 2.7 million m 3 , which will meet the demand for domestic timber and replace imported timber in the market.

The search for viable alternatives to illegal chainsaw milling in Ghana requires an understanding of the anthropogenic factors in the rural economy that promotes the practice. This paper investigated the benefits of the practice to the rural economy of Ghana. Data was obtained from survey conducted on 102 chainsaw lumber stakeholders using questionnaire across 8 forest districts in southern Ghana and analyzed descriptively. Results showed that the practice contributes to the provision of employment, community infrastructure among others. More than 50% of chainsaw operators earned up to 97% of their household income from the practice, and thus considered it as the best alternative to agricultural income. Farmers, land owners and traditional authorities received eight categories of informal payments from chainsaw operations. These included payments from sale of trees, commission on trees scouted for logging and compensation for crop damages on farmlands during logging. Also, taxes wer...

The increasing quest for economic development and demographic demand has led to rapid forest decline and degradation of the forests in Nigeria. Forests are lost yearly through industrial, commercial, and other urban-related activities. This is currently impacting the environment and accelerating the degradation and depletion of its forest cover and resources. Deforestation is an ongoing phenomenon in Nigeria and is becoming more pronounced with increasing population and urbanization. The effects of deforestation have led to a decline in forest cover, forest degradation, impoverishment of the soil and general deterioration in environmental conditions. However, the inestimable values of forests in promoting sustainable livelihood, industrial raw materials availability, food security, medicine, and health care research, cannot be overemphasized, hence the need for imbibing strategies for reversing the trend and promoting measures that could enhance sustainable management of Nigerian forests. Thus this review paper provides integrated insight into the strategies viable for reversing the deforestation trend and the effective management of the wide varieties of Nigeria’s natural vegetation.

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the fractal correlation between two variables, import and export of logs and determines its implication to the forest ecological services. The major tropical species traded in 2010 and 2011 in the global markets are log, sawn wood, veneer and plywood. This study focused on logs and used data sets from the seventy-seven (77) countries reported by the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) (2011). The value units of the data sets are in US dollars and the volumes are in cubic meters. Based on the scatter plot of the two variables, there is a slight variation of the countries’ import and export of log products since the value indicated is 1.1589 which is greater than 1. Further, the fractal dimensions of export and import are 1.1004 and 1.1018, respectively which show that the quantity of logs imported and exported by the ITTO member countries just vary slightly. Fractal correlation reveals relationship between the two variables since the value of Rƛ is 87 % which is close to 100%. Hence, import and export of logs can affect the forest ecological services since most countries continuously trade in similar and others in huge quantities as reflected by the roughness of the fractal dimensions; it takes years to grow and replenish the trees being logged.

Keywords: environmental management, fractal correlation, import, export, forest ecological services, global

This paper presents the fractal correlation between two variables, import and export of logs and determines its implication to the forest ecological services. The major tropical species traded in 2010 and 2011 in the global markets are log, sawn wood, veneer and plywood. This study focused on logs and used data sets from the seventy-seven (77) countries reported by the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) (2011). The value units of the data sets are in US dollars and the volumes are in cubic meters. Based on the scatter plot of the two variables, there is a slight variation of the countries' import and export of log products since the value indicated is 1.1589 which is greater than 1. Further, the fractal dimensions of export and import are 1.1004 and 1.1018, respectively which show that the quantity of logs imported and exported by the ITTO member countries just vary slightly. Fractal correlation reveals relationship between the two variables since the value of R ƛ is 87 % which is close to 100%. Hence, import and export of logs can affect the forest ecological services since most countries continuously trade in similar and others in huge quantities as reflected by the roughness of the fractal dimensions; it takes years to grow and replenish the trees being logged.

The search for viable alternatives to illegal chainsaw milling in Ghana requires an understanding of the anthropogenic factors in the rural economy that promotes the practice. This paper investigated the benefits of the practice to the rural economy of Ghana. Data was obtained from survey conducted on 102 chainsaw lumber stakeholders using questionnaire across 8 forest districts in southern Ghana and analyzed descriptively. Results showed that the practice contributes to the provision of employment, community infrastructure among others. More than 50% of chainsaw operators earned up to 97% of their household income from the practice, and thus considered it as the best alternative to agricultural income. Farmers, land owners and traditional authorities received eight categories of informal payments from chainsaw operations. These included payments from sale of trees, commission on trees scouted for logging and compensation for crop damages on farmlands during logging. Also, taxes wer...

When, on 29 June 2023, the EU Deforestation-free Regulation (EUDR) entered into force, it was like a small earthquake – at least for whoever was dealing with EU agricultural imports. Never before, neither in the EU nor in the rest of the world, such an ambitious anti-deforestation piece of legislation has ever been enacted. Perhaps more importantly, it was the first to directly address the leading cause of global deforestation: agriculture. However, the opposition has spread to some EU member states in March 2024 and even to the European Parliament, with the EPP group leading calls for a two-year delay of the Regulation application in June 2024, shortly after the latest elections. Governments and MEPs are likely being pushed by the domestic farming sector (which will also be affected by the Regulation) and by national importers, and the recent political wave against some of the Green Deal legislation (the Nature Restoration Law in particular) probably allowed these protests to grow louder. The EU should address these concerns rapidly, or risk failing the EUDR.

Contribution and evolution of Mexican forestry industrial activities to the Domestic Forest Product (GDP) during the three previous six-year periods: 2001-2018 period ABSTRACT Documentary research that describes the evolution, trend and importance of secondary activities (industrial or processing) of the forestry sector through the macroeconomic indicator known as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as well as its behavior, trends and average growth rates annual (AGRA). For its economic valuation, the data published in its National Accounts by INEGI were taken, as the base year was considered 2013 and with a time horizon of 18 years, which coincide with the past three presidential six-year terms and its analysis was segmented according to the classification of economic activities of the INEGI and the Ministry of Economy (SE), which are grouped into two branches, 321 Wood industry with three up and 322 Paper industry with two up, all of them, in greater or lesser degree, they are generators of added value. The methodology used to determine the growth of the analysis period was that of documentary research and the statistical indicator was the average annual growth rate (AAGR), as well as its trend line; furthermore, a comparative analysis was carried out between the three previous six-year terms (2001/2006, 2007/2012 and 2013/2018) and a comparison of the forestry industrial subsector with other agro-industrial activities in the agricultural, livestock and aquaculture subsectors. The objective of the research was to quantify the growth (positive or negative) of secondary activities (industrial or processing) forestry, as well as to calculate their average annual growth rates (AAGR) and to compare the share of industrial forestry GDP with that of some other agro-industrial activities of the agricultural, livestock and aquaculture subsectors.

This study looked into tree-growing behavior of rural households in Ethiopia. With data collected at household and parcel levels from the four major regions of Ethiopia, we analyzed the decision to grow trees and the number of trees grown, using such econometric strategies as a zero-inflated negative binomial model, Heckman’s two-step procedure, and panel data techniques. Our findings show the

The study was conducted from January to April 2018 to estimate ecosystem carbon stock and tree species diversity at National Botanical Garden, Bangladesh. Transects line method square plots with a size of 20 m × 20 m were used. So altogether there were total eighty-three sample plots in National Botanical Garden. Above ground carbon (AGC) and below ground carbon (BGC) biomass stock was 192.67 and 31.34, respectively and soil organic carbon mean value of 27.52 Mg ha-1, 21.45 Mg ha-1 and 16.23 Mg ha-1, respectively for 0-10 cm depth, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm depth. The average number of tree species per hectare was 128 with a mean value of each plot 3.00 to 9.00 species. The average number of trees in National Botanical Garden (233 tree ha-1), basal area (21.45 m2 ha-1) and mean DBH (39.86 cm). Tree diversity range from 0.25 to 1.86 and the mean value of (0.93 ± 0.14) in National Botanical Garden. A relationship such as biomass carbon with the basal area, mean DBH, stem density and tree ...

Orientation: Export opportunities, internationalization, have been prioritised by South African Trade and Industry in order to promote economic growth. Research purpose: It is critical for the expansion of organisations to consider internationalisation when there are prospects for expanding trade activities in already existing and sometimes firmly established markets. Motivation for the study: Upon entering an international market competitively, a clear understanding of all factors impacting on profitability and sustainability of the organisation strategic endeavour, is required. Research design, approach and method: A case study research design was selected for this study. The parameters presented a large role player in the hardwood industry and export trade at the time of the data gathering. Qualitative research approach represented the data collecting process as observational and specifically perceptible. The data acquired from participants in their natural environment and preference given to the ways in which individuals interpret their social world. Secondary data was used.

First study focusing on theorizing the absence of conflict and its causes. •A systematic analysis of Latin American projects illuminates why conflicts escalate. •Provides a novel typology to differentiate the role of grievances in conflicts. •Local political-cultural dynamics explain conflict better than other factors. •Conflict existence depends on the quality of industry-activist-state actor relations.

vii be shared with other partners in order to develop models for the same or other products of interest in their own regions; 4) combination of data bases from different countries to check the possibility to develop models with a larger range of applicability and that may take advantage of the strenghs of different data bases; 5) Analysis of the existing stand simulators to check if it will be possible to share/complement computer code in order to obtain more user-friend interfaces that are appellative for forest owners and forest professionals that are responsible for forest management. To summarize, it is expected that StarTree will represent a big advance in the quality of forest management when NWFP are part of the management objectives. Finnaly, the deliverable identified and described decisión support systems (DSS) to support planning and decisión making for a sutained provision of NWFP. Forest-DSS are needed to support forest owners' decision making in different contexts. Forest owners have varying and various forest management goals. When they make decisions regarding the management of their forests, they need information on how the management affects the provision of different products and services from their forests and also on tradeoffs between different products and services. For these purposes forest-DSSs are useful tools in developing a feasible set of management alternatives for planning units and then supporting the decision-making situation in which the right ones are picked up among them. In this chapter, the availability of forest-DSS that include modules to deal with NWFP, was analysed considering an European level scope. This analysis considered the PFQ and a desk-based study mainly base don the analysis of the FORSYS wiki that describes existing forest management DSS. The results of professional forester's questionnaire show that in particular in private family owned forests the most commonly applied decision support is a printed forest plan. Forest owners rarely use themselves modern planning approaches (computerized DSSs including e.g. forest simulators for predicting tree growth, optimizers for selecting an appropriate harvesting schedule etc.). The professional foresters rarely know forest planning systems that include considerations of NWFP or MPT in their región. However, they show the need to have Access to such systems. IN what concerns the enquiry of the FORSYS wiki, it has been found that the computerized forest-DSSs that include NWFP or MPTs are rather rare. In our search, we could find altogether seven FMU or regional level forest DSSs. The deliverable describes the forest DSS with NWFP capabilities, emphasizing their diferences, advantages and disadvantages. At the end of the chapters, two examples of existing DSS with NWFP capabilities are presented. These examples clearly show that StarTree can have a strong impact on the improvement of forest management towards a sustained production of NWFP in the different regions involved by supporting the development and implementation into "real world" of appropriate DSS.

Within forest governance research, the transfer of power from governmental actors to civil society and market actors has been subject to intense scientific debate. We move forward on this debate by analyzing how ongoing transformations and power shifts in forest governance affect the power relations of actors with interest in various ecosystem services (ESs) in nine countries (

liderazgo del proceso de incidencia la Coalici n por la Justicia Ambiental y la Fundaci n Democracia sin F ronteras, como la Secretar a T cnica de la Coalici n, facilitadora del proceso y enlace con el Congreso Nacional. El proceso de socializaci n y validaci n de los contenidos del Anteproyecto de Ley, dur aproximadamente un a o, en el que se celebraron un centenar de intensas jornadas de trabajo, y en la que

The rise of Global China or the rapid expansion of Chinese influence abroad has had a commensurate impact on transnational trade and related commercial pressure in the governance of natural resources in Africa. Rosewood with its direct link to China's cultural renaissance has had a boost in extractivism in tropical regions. Taking inspiration from common property theory and based on empirical research conducted in Ghana in 2022, we analyze the effect of the Ghana-China rosewood trade on the governance of rosewood as a 'common-pool' resource in rural Ghana. Our research broadly responds to the question of how the Ghana-China rosewood trade changes formal and informal governance arrangements in rural Ghana. In a constructive light, the study demonstrates how one community created rules to access rosewood on community lands. The results also show that more challenging influences of rosewood trade on land boundary disputes resulting from violent protests of existing rules and norms, including customary rights, contestation of rural authorities, rural leadership manoeuvrings, and corruption are increasingly prevalent since the boom in the rosewood trade at the local level. This study contributes to the debate on common-pool resources, demonstrating that with the right information and communication network, rural people can self-govern common-pool resources to their advantage despite the alarming influences that external factors pose. From a China-Africa relations perspective, this work contributes to the politics of natural resources in the context of the increasing global influence of China in Africa.

Within forest governance research, the transfer of power from governmental actors to civil society and market actors has been subject to intense scientific debate. We move forward on this debate by analyzing how ongoing transformations and power shifts in forest governance affect the power relations of actors with interest in various ecosystem services (ESs) in nine countries (

We analysed the formulation of Rural Development Programme of the Slovak Republic for 2007–2013 applying the theory of actor-centred institutionalism and its interaction forms. Approaches accentuating the role of actors and their interactions are an appropriate tool for the better understanding of cross-sectoral relationships and the improvement of public policy coherence in the formulation process of strategic documents in rural development. Methodologically the study is based on a qualitative analysis of documents and standardized interviews. The formulation of RDP SR 2007–2013 is showing signs of cross-sectoral coordination between different actors in the form of bargaining, as well as signs of hierarchical coordination among public and private actors. In the formulation process of RDP SR 2007–2013 a negative mechanism of coordination was dominant with negative consequences for the policy coherence of the final document. A positive element for the coherence of rural development p...

Please refer to the original page numbers when quoting the text. Highlights • Illustrates how agribusiness has become the key forest policy definer since 2012 in Brazil • Uses the case of Brazil to illustrate what happens when forest cover is seen as a threat to the need to combat global hunger • Assessment of differing ways of framing sustainability that promote three different pathways of forest/land use • Exploration of convergences, conflicts and actor relations between brown economy, green capitalism and socio-environmentalism • Brazil provides an important case to study how, in practice, the "brown" and "green" economic pathways are converging • Shows how the forest industry has become a key actor in the brown/green capitalism-alliance

Landscapes and Habitats of the Alps (NRP 48) 4 RESEARCH ON MULTIFUNCTIONAL FORESTRY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN URBAN AREAS 4.1 Social Demands on the Swiss Forest (SAEFL 2000) 4.2 Precious Environment (SCHELBERT-SYFRIG et al. 1988) 4.3 The Value of Forests as Recreation Areas in Urban Environments (NIELSEN 1992) 4.4 Qualitative Survey on the Attitude of the People towards Forests and Forestry: Illustrated by the Example of La Chaux-de-Fonds (KAZEMI 1994) 4.5 Ecological Upgrading of Forest Edges (BONHAGE / DÖBELI 1994) 4.6 Wildlife Park ‚Langenberg' (BANFI / FROST 1987) 5 EXAMPLES OF CONCRETE MEASURES