Ethical Leadership

Effective team management relies on concepts that create synergy, where collective performance exceeds the sum of individual efforts. Trust and communication are key team management principles essential for achieving synergy in high-stakes settings, such as Company X's IT Division. Trust fosters psychological safety, enables risk-taking, collaboration, and dedication to team goals. Effective communication promotes alignment, facilitates information sharing, and enables rapid adaptation to changing conditions. While both concepts support synergy, they also have drawbacks when misused, such as encouraging complacency or causing information overload. Biblical lessons from 1 Kings 12–14 highlight the dangers of poor trust and communication during Israel's division, offering valuable lessons for managing modern teams. In discussion, combining trust and communication, integrated in biblical principles supported by contemporary management studies, provides managers with a framework for maintaining synergy in complex IT environments. Agile methodology and team member engagement through Scrum practice is explored as a solution to help create synergy as well.

This study investigates how perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) moderate the relationship between organizational commitment and key employee outcomes-motivation, engagement, and job satisfaction. Using quantitative correlational design, validated instruments (Meyer and Allen's three-component model of organizational commitment, the Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire) were administered via structured surveys across multiple organizations. The survey was conducted in the United States in 2024 with a sample of 271 employees (N = 271). Pearson correlations and moderation tests assessed the strength and direction of these relationships across employee subgroups. Results show that stronger CSR perceptions significantly amplify the positive effects of organizational commitment on motivation, engagement, and job satisfaction, while weaker CSR perceptions attenuate these links. The findings address a gap in the literature by isolating employees' CSR perceptions as a boundary condition and provide evidence-based guidance for leaders seeking to align CSR strategy with HR initiatives. Practically, credible CSR initiatives can magnify the returns of commitment programs, improving employee well-being, engagement, and sustainable organizational performance.

The post-colonial African society is inarguably disposed to internal conflicts, most of which have resulted to full-brown civil wars. The major causes of some of these conflicts have been traced to the events that happened during colonial rule, such as implantation and promotion of ethnic and religious consciousness among the people by the European colonialists. Most perturbing is the fact that colonial legacies in the continent continue to dominate postindependence relationship, and weakened cohesion and unity among the diverse nationalities in African society. Solutions to these delusions propagated, first, by the European colonial masters, and now by Africans against Africans, have defied meaningful solutions as conflict persists in most countries in Africa. It is on these conditions that this study interrogates the similarities in the causes of conflicts and wars in post-colonial Africa, and how these conflicts affect development. Qualitative inquiry was adopted as the study's research design. The study relied extensively on secondary sources of data such as textbooks, journal articles, dailies, periodicals, internet materials, among others. Failed-State theory was adopted as its theoretical framework. The Study suggests among others that Africa post-colonial states should assiduously delink from their self-notions of colonial legacies and embrace the reality of their internal polities. Africa should also shun self-imposed ethnic consciousness and other internal factors causing conflicts and wars. Fairness and equity in distribution of commonwealth should be prioritised in order to prevent issue of sectional marginalisation that is consistently one of the major factors promoting conflict in African States.

Анализа најважнијих макроекономских индикатора показује хегемонију долара и позицију евра као убедљиво друге по важности валуте у међународном финансијском систему. Као резервна валута за централне банке, као средство акумулације и као трансакцијска валута (који су главни фактори који одређују степен интернационализације дате монете) долар доминира, док евро заузима друго место. Иако је учешће евра значајно у многим тржишним сегментима, посебно у платним трансакцијама преко SWIFT-а, он је и даље у многим аспектима регионална валута. Чини се извесним да ће долар наставити да држи кључно место у глобалној економији. САД и даље поседују ликвидна и дубока финансијска тржишта, конвертибилност валуте је неупитна, постоји још увек, и поред санкционисања бројних земаља, значајан ниво правне предвидивости и, можда најважније – америчка војна супремација се успешно одржава, упркос одређеним изазовима. Имајући у виду да Европска унија (ЕУ) није држава у класичном значењу те речи, потпуно остваривање планова за повећање међународне улоге монете еврозоне евентуално би омогућило ограничен пораст удела евра у званичним резервама, трговинским и финансијским трансакцијама. Последично, оптималан начин за одржавање дугорочне улоге евра, као једне од водећих светских резервних валута, могућ је кроз статус тзв. „хегемона у сенци“, где би доминација долара била неупитна. Алтернативни пут за одржавање тренутне позиције евра могућ је кроз настајање мултиполарног валутног система, који подразумева снажно јачање значаја кинеске монете. Оно што у оба сценарија земље еврозоне морају да ураде поред неизоставног успостављања банкарске уније – јестекреирање критично велике понуде заједничких еврообвезница, чиме би се поспешио развој ликвидних и дубоких финансијских тржиштакоја су неопходна подршка евру у временукризе.

Care has changed and developed with life since the existence of humanity. Care is defined as the heart of nursing and has been tried to be explained by many philosophers, theorists, and scientists. 1 Florence Nightingale (1860) the founder of modern nursing, defined nursing care as "to be responsible for the life of the individual." 2 According to Henderson, the primary and unique task of the nurse is to help individ-

Shared under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 (Creative Commons By Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License). Lead off presentation at WSC 2025 The Hague, The Netherlands. The purpose of this talk is to outline the guidance that the ISI ABE Working Group consulted in our examinations of the question of whether the ISI Declaration on Professional Ethics (2023) needed to be modified in order to accommodate Indigenous data, sovereignty, and governance. NB, “established authorities” on ethical statistical and data practice are large organizations with international membership and consensus on ethical work with data. However, these authorities have historically not benefitted from a great deal of diversity in their membership, although this is changing. Most specifically/recently, the ISI has approved a new Special Interest Group on Indigenous Data (5 October 2025). I gratefully acknowledge the contributions to this presentation of ISI ABE Working Group members (Ayse Bilgin, Walter Radermacher, Jan Robert Suesser, Dennis Trewin) but claim all accountability for errors and opinions.

Makalah ini membahas penerapan prinsip keadilan dalam manajemen Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) melalui pendekatan sistem merit, sebagaimana diilhamkan dari Surah Al-Maidah ayat 8. Ayat tersebut menekankan pentingnya menegakkan keadilan tanpa dipengaruhi oleh kebencian atau kepentingan pribadi, karena keadilan merupakan jalan menuju ketakwaan. Dalam konteks birokrasi modern, sistem merit menjadi wujud nyata penerapan nilai-nilai Islam tentang keadilan, di mana pengangkatan dan promosi ASN didasarkan pada kompetensi, kinerja, dan integritas tanpa diskriminasi. Penelitian ini menyoroti bahwa penerapan sistem merit tidak hanya meningkatkan profesionalisme dan efektivitas birokrasi, tetapi juga memperkuat integritas moral ASN sebagai pelayan publik. Dengan demikian, sistem merit menjadi sarana untuk membangun pemerintahan yang bersih, transparan, dan berkeadilan sesuai dengan prinsip Islam rahmatan lil ‘alamin.

This paper analyzes the paradox of pervasive corruption in the United Republic of Tanzania, a nation possessing robust anti-corruption legislation (PCCA, 2007). It argues that corruption is maintained not by mere criminal weakness, but as a dual-sided operational necessity stemming from complex socio-cultural and economic factors. Applying Transaction Cost Economics and Principal-Agent Theory, the analysis reveals that high bureaucratic friction forces firms to treat illicit payments as a rational premium to circumvent regulatory delays (Transparency International, 2014; World Bank, 2006). Furthermore, this systemic corruption is culturally rationalized by the Swahili concept of Takrima (hospitality/gift), which morally softens bribery and establishes a norm of particularistic favor-seeking over universalistic rules (U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre, 2009). The interaction between formal legal prohibition, economic necessity, and cultural masking creates an environment where anti-corruption efforts are neutralized. Most critically, this dualistic system disproportionately affects local Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), acting as a terminal microeconomic barrier that stunts domestic investment (Ullah, 2020; ACCA, 2024). The paper concludes by recommending a shift toward effective Demand-Side Policy interventions, such as Radical Digitalization, to eliminate the citizen's need to pay the illicit transaction cost.

This study examined how and when leader turnover intention influences team innovation performance. By integrating the literature on turnover intention and team innovation, and treating leader self-sacrificial behavior as a mediator, we explored the relationship between leader turnover intention and team innovation performance. Further, we examined leader empathic concern as a moderator of the relationship. We conducted a multiple-source, time-lagged research design to collect data from 119 team leaders and 397 team members of a large biopharmaceutical company in Northern China. We found that leader turnover intention is negatively related to leader self-sacrificial behavior, and leader empathic concern negatively moderated this relationship. In addition, leader self-sacrificial behavior served as a mediator in the negative relationship between leader turnover intention and team innovation performance. We discuss the implications of our findings for future theory, research, and practice regarding turnover and innovation.

PurposeLeader empathy, ethical values, and relations‐oriented behavior all appear to be relevant for effective leadership, but nobody has examined how all three variables are jointly related to leader‐member exchange quality (LMX). The purpose of this study is to examine these relationships and test a proposed model describing them.Design/methodology/approachData were collected with a questionnaire from subordinates of leaders in several organizations, and SEM path analysis was used to test alternative models.FindingsThe results indicated that a leader's relations‐oriented behavior fully mediated the relationship between leader empathy on LMX and partially mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and LMX. Recommendations for future research to verify and extend the results were provided.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study to simultaneously examine the complex relationships among these four different aspects of leadership (i.e. a skill, values, behavior...

This paper examines the question of whether there is a unique advantage that Christian leaders have in developing competitive advantage strategies in organizations. Drawing from business analytics frameworks and faith-based principles, it examines how ethical integrity, servant leadership, and long-term stewardship, which are central to the Christian world view, can contribute to better decision-making and organizational sustainability. The paper incorporates the knowledge of Business Intelligence, Analytics, Data Science, and AI: A Managerial Perspective (Sharda et al., 2024), Business Analytics: Descriptive/ Predictive/ Prescriptive (Camm et al., 2020), and the importance of data-driven, decision-making in achieving competitive advantage. It combines these ideas with Christian values of wisdom, justice, and humility. Recent scholarly literature reinforces that values-driven leadership positively correlates with organizational trust performance. Biblical guidance, particularly from Proverbs and Jesus's teachings on servant leadership, provides additional support for a values-centered competitive strategy. Ultimately, the analysis concludes that Christian leaders do not have an automatic advantage. Christian leaders who organically blend faith principles with business analytics are positioned to develop ethical, sustainable, and resilient competitive advantages in modern organizations.

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has amplified the importance of cybersecurity in safeguarding organizations against evolving threats. The Ethical Hacking Exam AI Edition represents a modern approach to ethical hacking by integrating artificial intelligence into traditional penetration testing and vulnerability assessment. This exam is designed to equip professionals with essential skills in AI-driven threat detection, automated scanning, anomaly analysis, and cloud security, alongside core ethical hacking methodologies. By bridging conventional security practices with AI-powered innovations, the certification ensures that candidates are prepared to counter next-generation cyberattacks. This abstract outlines the significance, scope, and career relevance of the Ethical Hacking Exam AI Edition as a future-focused pathway for aspiring cybersecurity experts.

Artificial intelligence (AI) adoption in aerospace is accelerating, yet its safety-critical nature demands rigorous ethical governance. Regulatory instruments such as the EU AI Act and ISO/IEC 42001 provide important guidance, but they often remain abstract. This article explores how aerospace organisations can operationalise these frameworks through Lean routines and High Reliability Organisation (HRO) practices. Drawing on multiple-case evidence from Honeywell, Airbus, GE Aerospace, and Rolls-Royce, supported by Delphi expert validation, the article shows how ethical AI governance can be embedded into existing certification and auditing processes. Implementation tools-including PDCA ethics audits, governance dashboards, and FMEA for algorithms-are mapped to ISO/IEC 42001 clauses and aerospace certification requirements. Findings demonstrate that organisations treating ethics lapses with the same seriousness as safety incidents achieve measurable improvements in compliance and trustworthiness. The contribution is twofold: first, it provides a practical roadmap for regulators and certification bodies to align AI governance with Lean operational routines; second, it highlights broader transferability to other high-reliability sectors. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers, auditors, and industry leaders on embedding ethics into regulatory frameworks without creating parallel compliance burdens.

The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in aerospace brings both transformative opportunities and significant ethical risks. While international standards such as ISO/IEC 42001 provide governance requirements, organisations require practical tools to operationalise these principles. This article introduces and evaluates four practitioner-oriented tools designed for embedding AI ethics in aerospace: (1) Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for Algorithms, (2) Model Cards for transparency, (3) PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) Ethics Audits, and (4) Governance Dashboards. Developed through a mixed-methods research programme that combined case studies across four aerospace firms with Delphi expert validation, these tools provide repeatable, scalable mechanisms for integrating ethics into daily operations. Case evidence demonstrates that their adoption improved bias detection (+14-18%), transparency (+10-22%), and reduced ethics-related incidents (-12-19%). By linking these tools to ISO/ IEC 42001 clauses and Lean leadership routines, the article shows how aerospace organisations can align regulatory compliance with cultural transformation. The contribution lies in translating abstract governance standards into actionable practices, with transferability to other high-reliability industries such as healthcare and energy. Supplementary materials, including templates and checklists, are provided to support practitioner adoption.

As aerospace organisations increasingly adopt artificial intelligence (AI), embedding ethical governance into operations has become both a regulatory and reputational imperative. Yet the practical mechanisms for operationalising ethics remain underexplored. This article presents a multiple-case study of four leading aerospace organisations-Honeywell, Airbus, GE Aerospace, and Rolls-Royce-examining how Lean routines can serve as vehicles for embedding AI ethics. Drawing on semi-structured interviews (n=42), document analysis, and observation, the study identifies four cross-cutting themes: leadership advocacy, cultural readiness, accountability routines, and monitoring mechanisms. The cases reveal both convergences and divergences in approaches, highlighting challenges in scaling ethics practices beyond pilots and aligning them with ISO/IEC 42001 requirements. NVivo-assisted thematic coding and triangulation across data sources enhance rigour, while expert feedback via Delphi validation strengthens reliability. The contribution is twofold: first, it provides an evidence-based understanding of how ethical AI governance is being pursued in aerospace; second, it demonstrates how Lean leadership and High Reliability Organisation (HRO) principles provide fertile ground for embedding ethics into daily operations. The article concludes with implications for industry practice, regulatory compliance, and broader transferability to other high-reliability sectors such as healthcare and energy.

Achieving organizational goals and fostering good leadership requires more than being in charge, as leadership is grounded in ethical practices and norms. This paper explores the construct of ethical leadership known to consider the implication and consequences of long-term decision. Behavioural boundaries are set within an organization via demonstration of strong will character and integrity. Leadership in a profit or non-profit organization is not a mean feat. The objective of this venture is to examine and give an insight into an ethical leadership model and highlight how such a model could inspire, impact positively and sustain quality leadership is a non-profit organization as the Catholic Women Organization (CWO). Ethical leaders are moral managers and role models through their behaviour by internalizing their values. The ethical theories of utilitarianism deontology and virtue ethics comprised the theoretical framework for this purpose. Relevant related literatures were revie...

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into aerospace has accelerated in recent years, transforming functions such as predictive maintenance, air traffic management, and autonomous flight systems. While these applications enhance efficiency and competitiveness, they also introduce ethical, regulatory, and operational risks. AI systems in safety-critical environments must not only be technically robust but also governed to ensure fairness, transparency, accountability, and safety. Standards such as ISO/IEC 42001 and the EU AI Act provide a regulatory foundation but remain high-level, leaving aerospace organisations struggling to embed them into daily operations. This article introduces the Lean-AI Ethical Governance Framework, a layered model that combines Lean leadership practices with AI governance requirements to translate ethical principles into operational routines. Developed through a pragmatist mixed-methods study-including cross-case analysis of four aerospace organisations, Delphi expert validation, and quantitative benchmarking-the framework demonstrates measurable improvements in bias detection, transparency, and ethical assurance. The article explains the conceptual foundations, details the framework's structure, provides mapping to ISO/IEC 42001 clauses, and offers a roadmap for implementation. It argues that the framework not only supports compliance but also enhances organisational culture, resilience, and trustworthiness in AI adoption, with transferability across other high-reliability industries.

Streets on Fire: People’s Rage Against Corruption in Nepal, Indonesia, and the Philippines

This paper explores the political economy of corruption and protests in Nepal, Indonesia, and the Philippines. In these three countries, corruption has eroded public trust, weakened democratic institutions, and worsened inequality. Citizens—especially the youth—have taken to the streets to demand justice, transparency, and accountability. The protests highlight how corruption is not only an economic problem but also a political one, rooted in weak institutions, dynastic politics, and limited oversight. By analyzing the causes and consequences of these movements, this paper shows how state responses can either restore legitimacy or deepen instability. It also offers policy recommendations centered on strengthening accountability, ensuring transparency, and empowering citizens through legal means.

Streets on Fire: People’s Rage Against Corruption in Nepal, Indonesia, and the Philippines

This paper explores the political economy of corruption and protests in Nepal, Indonesia, and the Philippines. In these three countries, corruption has eroded public trust, weakened democratic institutions, and worsened inequality. Citizens—especially the youth—have taken to the streets to demand justice, transparency, and accountability. The protests highlight how corruption is not only an economic problem but also a political one, rooted in weak institutions, dynastic politics, and limited oversight. By analyzing the causes and consequences of these movements, this paper shows how state responses can either restore legitimacy or deepen instability. It also offers policy recommendations centered on strengthening accountability, ensuring transparency, and empowering citizens through legal means.

Berdasarkan teori komunikasi krisis situasional (SCCT), kajian ini memfokus kepada jenis krisis yang boleh dielakkan dan kesannya ke atas reputasi organisasi. Walaupun SCCT telah digunakan dalam penyelidikan komunikasi krisis secara meluas, teori ini masih terbatas dalam menerangkan potensi pengaruh-pengaruh lain terhadap reputasi organisasi. Untuk merapatkan jurang ini dan juga untuk merperkayakan sorotan karya tentang reputasi organisasi dalam sektor awam, kajian ini membangunkan model perantara untuk mendalami penyelidikan dalam reputasi organisasi awam. Model perantara kajian ini mengintegrasikan pemboleh ubah tanggungjawab krisis, komunikasi kepimpinan berkarisma dan kredibiliti organisasi dalam rangka kerja teoritikal SCCT. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan kesan perantara komunikasi kepimpinan berkarisma dan kredibiliti organisasi terhadap hubungan antara tanggungjawab krisis dengan tanggapan terhadap reputasi organisasi. Model perantara ini diuji menggunakan model persamaan berstruktur dengan data yang diperolehi daripada 368 penjawat awam dari dua buah organisasi di Malaysia. Model perantara yang diuji menunjukkan mekanisma dinamik komunikasi kepimpinan berkarisma dan kredibiliti organisasi berfungsi sebagai separa perantara dalam hubungan antara tanggungjawab krisis dan tanggapan terhadap reputasi organisasi yang berkrisis. Hasil kajian ini membuktikan kesahan model perantara yang dicadangkan dalam kajian ini. Secara empirikal model perantara yang disahkan ini boleh dijadikan panduan instruktif kepada organisasi dan peneraju sektor awam dalam menangani krisis dan reputasi organisasi. Kajian ini menyediakan sumbang saran tentang peranan utama komunikasi kepimpinan berkarisma dan kredibiliti organisasi dalam proses reputasi organisasi. Implikasi praktikal kajian ini mencadangkan peneraju krisis harus mempraktikkan komunikasi kepimpinan berkarisma dan meneguhkan kredibiliti organisasi untuk mengurangkan kesan krisis terhadap reputasi organisasi. Yang lebih penting, hasil kajian menunjukkan komunikasi kepimpinan berkarisma dan kredibiliti organisasi menyumbang kepada reputasi organisasi secara jelas telah membawa kedua-dua konstruk ke tempat terpenting dalam pengurusan reputasi organisasi.

The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into supply chain operations presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for modern organizations. As supply chain professionals and business leaders increasingly adopt AI technologies to optimize logistics, demand forecasting, risk management, and decision-making, ethical considerations become paramount. In today's digital ecosystem, the drive for efficiency must be balanced with transparency, fairness, bias mitigation, and broader social responsibility. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of ethical AI in supply chains by examining issues of algorithmic transparency, fairness mechanisms, bias detection strategies, and practical implementation challenges.t

This study examines how ethical leadership influences organizational commitment and reduces workplace deviance in the banking sector. Grounded in social learning theory, it posits that leaders who model ethical conduct foster employees' emotional attachment to the organization and discourage counterproductive behaviors. A cross-sectional survey design was employed with simulated quantitative data (N=300 bank employees). Ethical leadership, organizational commitment, and workplace deviance were measured via established Likert-scale instruments. Simulated data analyses (tables) revealed that ethical leadership correlated positively with organizational commitment (r≈0.55, p<.01) and negatively with deviant behavior (r≈-0.44, p<.01). Regression results showed ethical leadership significantly predicted higher commitment (β≈0.66, p<.001) and lower deviance (β≈-0.71, p<.001). These findings align with prior research[1][2]. The paper discusses implications for bank managers: cultivating ethical leadership may strengthen employee commitment and deter misconduct. Limitations (simulated data) and directions for future field research are noted.

The study aimed to explore the impact of ethical leadership on the level of trust employees place in their management and administrators. To substantiate the theoretical framework, an extensive review of relevant literature was conducted. Employing an assessment and correlational research design, the study encompassed the employee population of the Divine Word College of Laoag through a comprehensive surveying process. The data collection instruments comprised rigorously validated questionnaires sourced from reputable studies by . The findings revealed a notably high perception of ethical leadership and a strong level of trust among employees towards management. Moreover, the correlation coefficient analysis indicated a significant and positive relationship between ethical leadership and employees' trust in management.

This paper explores the difference between being a moral person and being a moral manager within the context of ethical leadership. A moral person is defined by individual traits such as honesty, integrity, and fairness, while a moral manager uses their position to make values visible by modeling ethical behavior, rewarding good conduct, disciplining misconduct, and openly communicating about ethics. Drawing on Treviño, Hartman, and Brown’s (2000) framework, the paper argues that both qualities are necessary for authentic leadership. Together, they build trust, strengthen credibility, and create organizational cultures where ethics guide behavior.

Keywords: ethics, leadership, moral person, moral manager, credibility, organizational culture

In an Age of Chaos, a term often used to describe the digital AI age, with its explosive growth of information and disruptive technology, businesses face unprecedented turbulence. This paper examines the essential leadership qualities required for success in this environment, arguing that traditional leadership, as seen in the decline of Kodak, Sears, and Blockbuster, struggles to adapt to rapid technological and market shifts. We identify several key competencies for leaders in the digital age: fostering agility, championing an ethical culture, pursuing purpose-driven goals, maintaining technological competency, and genuinely understanding diversity. Perhaps most crucial is receptive leadership, which embodies humility, empathy, active listening, and appreciation of others, thereby promoting a culture of productive dissent. These qualities empower leaders to transform rigid organizations into adaptable, powerful entities. The paper also highlights visionary myopia, a leader's failure to see threats and opportunities outside their traditional industry, as a particularly critical flaw in today's landscape.

The role of campaign finance in shaping democratic outcomes is increasingly under global scrutiny. While campaign funding is necessary for political mobilization, the lack of transparency in its management creates avenues for illicit financial flows, unauthorized donations, and money laundering. In Nigeria and many developing democracies, campaign finance abuse weakens institutional trust, fosters corruption, and undermines electoral credibility. This paper argues that forensic accounting provides a vital mechanism for ensuring compliance with campaign finance laws. By integrating forensic techniques-such as digital audits, transaction tracing, and data analytics-regulators and anti-graft institutions can expose illicit campaign funding and deter financial crimes. Using Nigeria's electoral system as a case study, this paper examines existing challenges, evaluates comparative practices from other jurisdictions, and proposes policy recommendations to enhance transparency and accountability in campaign finance.

In recent years, the reputation of corporations has been damaged due to frequent financial crises and company scandals. Consequently, the importance of reputation management has been increasing day by day. Therefore, variables that can play a role in increasing and sustaining corporate reputation have been investigated; these variables are ethical leadership, ethical culture and corporate social responsibility. The literature review revealed that especially the concepts of ethical leadership
and ethical culture have not been related to corporate reputation yet and that more studies should be done in this area. In the theoretical model, ethical culture, ethical leadership and corporate social responsibility are presumed to have a significant and positive effect on corporate reputation. In addition, it is assumed that ethical organizational culture will play a partial mediator role in the relationship between ethical leadership and corporate reputation. Finally, the limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are presented.

Disruptive behavior in the classroom is a worldwide phenomenon. Scholars, researchers, and members of the school community share their concerns about it. This article investigates the concept, causes, effects, and possible recommendations to improve the learning and teaching experience in our schools. The review of the literature shows several findings to take into consideration: (1) Disruptive behavior must be identified as soon as possible to prevent its development and carry out needed interventions; (2) The most effective action model requires the coordination among all the subjects involved: students, parents, teachers, counselors, and mental health professionals; (3) Whatever action taken must be under the guiding educational principle of serving the best interest of students; (4) An adequate approach of this problematic will result in a positive, welcoming, and engaging classroom experience. Further research on the steady increase of classroom disruptions; early interventions, and time-consuming strategies on disruptors are needed to make the classroom experience effective and enjoyable for both learners and educators.

The challenge of underdevelopment has been a fundamental malady in the African continent, particularly in Nigeria over the years. Development which has to do with social, political, cultural, economic, technological and human progress or advancement in the society has been a basic goal or aspiration of Nigeria and has seemed not only farfetched but also extremely difficult to attain. Numerous reasons such as corruption, bad leadership, bad followership, ethnicity, injustice, religious extremism, religious violence, militarism, insurgency, colonialism among others have been aptly identified as the core causes of underdevelopment in the Nigerian state. However, in this paper we vehemently argue that the actual bedrock of the problem of development in Nigeria is the possession of wrong/inimical personal and social values which is in turn a product of wrong mind-set or mentality prevalent in the heart of the populace. Hence, we contend that the solution to Nigeria's current deplorable state necessarily lies in a philosophical or critical re-evaluation of our individual and social values, and that until this is done, the state's aspiration to attain national development will significantly remain elusive, unattainable and a mere dream. To avoid stopping at the level of positing theoretical solutions, we have further given specific lines of action that should be taken to ensure that this necessary re-evaluation is realised. This substantiates the invaluable importance of philosophy to individual and societal development as opposed to the misconception that philosophy is essentially abstract and as such, has no practical value for the society.

1.1 Historical Background of Nigeria's Oil Fiscal Regime • From the 1970s, Nigeria's petroleum contracts (Joint Ventures, Production Sharing Contracts, Service Contracts) were designed around two variables: • Cost recovery (operators recouping exploration/production expenditure). • Profit sharing (government and International Oil Companies (IOCs) sharing residual oil/gas).

This study investigated the role of business intelligence in improving financial reporting quality. The study was conducted using a survey method. The statistical sample includes finance and accounting managers and supervisors in 384 listed firms at TSE & OTC. The research instruments were standard questionnaire on business intelligence and financial reporting quality. The data were analyzed using LISREL software and based on the confirmatory factor analysis approach and the structural equation modeling method. The findings showed that business intelligence has a significant effect on improving financial reporting quality. Also, further analyses were conducted on business intelligence sub-criteria including data integration, analytical capabilities, information content quality, information access quality, information use in the business process, and analytical decision-making culture. Evidence suggests that business intelligence sub-criteria also have significant impact on improving financial reporting quality. The results of the path analysis showed that analytical decision-making culture and information access quality have the greatest impact on the financial reporting quality. In addition, analytical capabilities have the least impact on financial reporting quality. As a whole, the findings indicate that the use of business intelligence creates a more comprehensive view of financial processes and more accurate financial reporting.

In recent years, firms have been looking for tools and methods that can improve financial reporting and prevent financial fraud. One effective tool that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years is the use of business intelligence systems. A review of previous studies indicates the importance of business intelligence systems as a new information systems tool in facilitating managerial decision-making, improving the financial reporting quality, improving financial performance, and detecting financial fraud. Business intelligence allows organizations to identify patterns and anomalies in financial data by combining information technology and data management. In some studies, various components have considered as business intelligence sub-criteria including data integration, analytical capabilities, information content quality, information access quality, use of information in the business process, and analytical decision-1

Augmenting algorithmic apparatus - what’s known commonly as Artificial Intelligence - is becoming ubiquitous before it is understood and its being deployed faster that society’s capacity to adapt. This is an unprecedented challenge, not merely a competitive one, but one which threatens to replace the Being-that-is-Human or reduce him to a state in which he losses the practice of being human.

Ethical leadership goes beyond following rules—it shapes trust, credibility, and culture within organizations. This article explores the two main domains of ethics theory, the difference between moral and immoral leadership behaviors, and why ethics are essential for organizational success. It also reflects on the challenges leaders face when trying to lead ethically and offers insights on how transparency, accountability, and consistent values can help prevent ethical failures.

This paper explores the intersection of Agile leadership and ethical principles by using biblical insights from the story of King Hezekiah in 2 Kings 18-20. It argues that leaders can combat the destructive effects of competition and silos by creating team-oriented cultures that prioritize collaboration and shared goals. Drawing from both contemporary research and biblical wisdom, the paper offers practical strategies, such as Scrum-of-Scrums task forces and performance metrics tied to group success, to stabilize dysfunctional teams and promote long-term organizational health.

Key themes explored include:

The impact of internal competition and silos on Agile teams

The benefits of team-based rewards and shared goals

Using servant leadership to foster collaboration

Integrating biblical lessons to inform leadership strategies in Agile environments

This paper offers valuable insights for both academics and practitioners looking to enhance team dynamics and improve organizational culture through Agile practices.

#AgileLeadership #Scrum #Leadership #OrganizationalCulture #EthicalLeadership #BiblicalInsights

This article examines the integration of Scrum practices with leadership communication. Drawing parallels with biblical principles, particularly the story of Elisha, the paper presents an approach for managers to communicate effectively and foster organizational growth. By aligning Agile frameworks such as strategic planning, Scrum boards, and feedback loops with the compassion-driven leadership of Elisha, this study offers insights for creating more efficient and supportive management structures.

Keywords: Scrum, Agile, Leadership Communication, Strategic Planning, Biblical Leadership, Elisha, Feedback Loops

Political assassinations have become commonplace in the Kwa-Zulu Natal province, particularly during the era of democracy. In the scholarly review of such killings in the Kwa-Zulu Natal province, the borough of uMzimkhulu has attracted much attention from scholars, journalists, researchers, and violence monitors, especially during the 2016-2018 time frame. During this period, the uMzimkhulu town experienced a killing spree of politicians. Through a qualitative analysis of secondary data, this article intends to identify the underlying causes of political assassinations in the KZN town of uMzimkhulu from 2016 to 2018. Drawing insights from political realism, the article argues that squabbles for political power and stomach politics created a conflictual environment in the region, making the town a political killing field. Different scholars have investigated the issue of political assassinations in KZN, while also presenting the significant case of uMzimkhulu. There are scholarly publications on political assassinations as a provincial issue. However, less information focuses explicitly on the uMzimkhulu case study. The study presents three main findings. Firstly, political assassinations in uMzimkhulu were an intraparty phenomenon involving the African National Congress. Secondly, the uMzimkhulu Memorial Hall was central to the prevalence of political assassinations in the town. Lastly, the article finds that political

This rеsеarch aims to еmpirically invеstigatе thе intricatе rеlationships bеtwееn digital transformation initiativеs, absorptivе capacity, еasе of usе, usеr satisfaction, and organizational pеrformancе within thе spеci􀅫ic contеxt of a rеtail chain implеmеnting е-commеrcе solutions. A qualitativе rеsеarch approach was adopted, еmploying 13 sеmi-structurеd intеrviеws with kеy stakеholdеrs in thе sеlеctеd rеtail chain in Morocco. Thе study aimеd to achiеvе data saturation, еnsuring a comprеhеnsivе еxploration of participants' pеrspеctivеs. Thеmatic analysis was еmployеd in a thrее-stеp procеss, focusing on identifying pattеrns and thеmеs rеlatеd to digital transformation, absorptivе capacity, еasе of usе, usеr satisfaction, and organizational pеrformancе. Thе rеsеarch 􀅫indings rеvеal a complеx intеrplay bеtwееn digital transformation variablеs. Stratеgic implеmеntation of digital initiativеs, particularly in thе form of е-commеrcе solutions, positivеly in􀅫luеncеs opеrational еf􀅫iciеncy, markеt rеsponsivеnеss, customеr satisfaction, and 􀅫inancial pеrformancе. Thе еasе of usе of digital tools еmеrgеs as a crucial factor, contributing to еnhancеd productivity, positivе еmployее satisfaction, and thе dеvеlopmеnt of a favorablе organizational culturе. Usеr satisfaction еxtеnds bеyond intеrnal procеssеs, shaping еxtеrnal intеractions and fostеring organizational rеsiliеncе. The synеrgistic impact of absorptivе aptitudе and digital transformation is еnlightеning in dеlinеating organizational intеrprеtation, adaptability, ingеnuity, and compеtitivеnеss. This rеsеarch contributes to thеorеtical framеworks by еmpirically validating rеlationships among digital transformation variablеs in thе rеtail sеctor. Thе originality liеs in thе contеxt-spеci􀅫ic еxploration of thеsе rеlationships within thе е-commеrcе landscapе, providing a uniquе contribution to thе broadеr undеrstanding of digital transformation's impact on organizational dynamics in thе rеtail domain.

This qualitative phenomenological study aimed to describe customer service representatives' struggles when dealing with indifferent customers and their strategies to manage them effectively. Speci􀅫ically, this study seeks to 􀅫ill the gap in providing strategies for managing indifferent customer interactions, contributing to the existing body of literature. The participants of this study were customer service representatives from different companies in different industries who reside in Mandug, Davao City, Philippines. These customer service representatives were purposively selected, particularly those employees, managers, or supervisors with experience and interaction with indifferent customers. Speci􀅫ically, there were ten customer service representatives; seven participated in the in-depth interview, and three participated in the focus group discussion. Colaizzi's analysis method was employed to analyze the data, and two emergent themes were interpreted from the gathered data. These are customer aggression and strategic customer service. Moreover, results showed that customer service representatives experienced verbal abuse, and their interactions with indifferent customers affected their emotional well-being, including their motivation, leading to job withdrawal. Furthermore, 􀅫indings showed strategies for managing indifferent customers through acknowledgment, empathy, and resolution, maintaining professionalism, and practicing active listening and effective communication. Additionally, this study may help customers realize that they need to be corrected at all times and should deal with customer service representatives with respect. Also, this study may bene􀅫it employees, managers, supervisors, and business owners in effectively handling customers to avoid getting angry. Similarly, this research may help businesspeople understand the experiences of their employees and develop effective training programs and support systems to improve employees' well-being. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the importance of customer service representatives in skillfully managing indifferent customers, as their behavior in􀅫luences a company's image and 􀅫inancial performance.

This qualitative phenomenological study aimed to describe customer service representatives' struggles when dealing with indifferent customers and their strategies to manage them effectively. Speci􀅫ically, this study seeks to 􀅫ill the gap in providing strategies for managing indifferent customer interactions, contributing to the existing body of literature. The participants of this study were customer service representatives from different companies in different industries who reside in Mandug, Davao City, Philippines. These customer service representatives were purposively selected, particularly those employees, managers, or supervisors with experience and interaction with indifferent customers. Speci􀅫ically, there were ten customer service representatives; seven participated in the in-depth interview, and three participated in the focus group discussion. Colaizzi's analysis method was employed to analyze the data, and two emergent themes were interpreted from the gathered data. These are customer aggression and strategic customer service. Moreover, results showed that customer service representatives experienced verbal abuse, and their interactions with indifferent customers affected their emotional well-being, including their motivation, leading to job withdrawal. Furthermore, 􀅫indings showed strategies for managing indifferent customers through acknowledgment, empathy, and resolution, maintaining professionalism, and practicing active listening and effective communication. Additionally, this study may help customers realize that they need to be corrected at all times and should deal with customer service representatives with respect. Also, this study may bene􀅫it employees, managers, supervisors, and business owners in effectively handling customers to avoid getting angry. Similarly, this research may help businesspeople understand the experiences of their employees and develop effective training programs and support systems to improve employees' well-being. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the importance of customer service representatives in skillfully managing indifferent customers, as their behavior in􀅫luences a company's image and 􀅫inancial performance.