Error

This paper presents a total survey error model that simultaneously treats sampling error, nonresponse error and measurement error. The main aim for developing the model is to determine the optimal allocation of the available resources for the total survey error reduction. More precisely, the paper is concerned with obtaining the best possible accuracy in survey estimate through an overall economic balance between sampling and nonsampling error.

In France studies on technological risks began to question errors, failures and vulnerabilities at the end of the 1970s, focusing mostly on analyzing major accidents as consequences of the increasing complexity of socio-technical systems. During the 1980s and 1990s, research studies carried out in different fields (industrial risks, natural risks, health risks) underlined the importance of organizational factors in system vulnerabilities. Still, the bases of safety policies and safety management remained unchanged, with a strong reliance on rules and procedures. Building on an interdisciplinary reflection carried out at the beginning of the 2000s, this paper calls into question the prevailing approach as regards safety. Identifying the basic assumptions behind safety policies, it is argued that, in light of research advances in various fields of safety studies -and more specifically in cognitive ergonomics -they appear to be basically flawed. In a quite radical manner, a recognition of errors and failures as a part of the usual functioning of socio-technical systems, which are ''naturally'' unstable systems, is called for. As for risk control, it appears to result mainly from the capacity of operators, working groups and organisations for dynamically ''making up'' for errors and failures. These analyses open very stimulating prospects of research. However, the question of their social and political acceptability must be seriously considered.

Esta canção foi adaptada para poder ser abordada em contexto de sala de aula e tem como objetivo trabalhar competências musicais fundamentais, alinhadas com o Perfil dos Alunos à Saída da Escolaridade Obrigatória e com as Aprendizagens Essenciais.
A escolha de um tema Popular Contemporâneo e as respetivas adaptações ao tema, nomeadamente a mudança de tonalidade para Lá menor, a simplificação da melodia e do ritmo e a redução do andamento, não foram apenas para facilitar a execução, tiveram como intuito motivar os alunos e potenciar a aprendizagem. Ao trabalhar esta versão, os alunos podem focar-se em aspetos cruciais da música, de acordo com as seguintes áreas:
1. Interpretação e Comunicação
Ao simplificar a linha melódica e a harmonia, a atenção pode ser direcionada para a interpretação musical. O aluno tem a oportunidade de focar-se na expressão, na dinâmica e na transmissão de emoções, desenvolvendo a capacidade de se comunicar através da música. Isto está diretamente ligado à competência de "Comunicação" do Perfil do Aluno, incentivando-os a partilhar e dialogar através de uma linguagem universal.
2. Experimentação e Criação
A versão simplificada com apenas dois acordes principais (Lá menor e Fá Maior) e um terceiro acorde, mais pontual (Ré menor) serve de ponto de partida seguro para a experimentação. Os alunos podem explorar os elementos musicais de forma prática e significativa, compreendendo como a melodia e a harmonia se relacionam. Esta abordagem incentiva o "espírito criativo" e a "capacidade de conceber, concretizar e transformar", fomentando uma atitude de descoberta e autonomia.
3. Apropriação e Reflexão
Ao tornar o tema mais acessível, fica mais facilitada a sua apropriação e análise. Ao trabalhar nesta versão, o aluno é incentivado a refletir sobre a estrutura musical da canção e a forma como a música é construída. A simplificação do tema permite um olhar mais aprofundado, desenvolvendo a capacidade de "pensamento crítico" e "autonomia", competências essenciais para que o aluno se torne um "aprendiz ao longo da vida".
Em suma, este tutorial apresenta-se como uma ferramenta para o desenvolvimento de competências curriculares, tornando a educação musical mais relevante e motivadora.
A planificação completa e a ficha de trabalho estarão disponíveis para download através do seguinte link:

Interessenten aus größtmöglicher Nähe zu beobachten. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Protokolle der beiden deutschen Orthografischen Konferenzen von 1876 und 1901, der Petersburger Beratungen von 1862-1863 und der Sitzungen des akademischen Ausschusses zur Vereinfachung der russischen Rechtschreibung von 1904-1912 ausgewertet. Dass die Beschlüsse dieser Tagungen bis auf die von 1901 nicht bzw. nicht unmittelbar umgesetzt wurden, tut ihrer Bedeutung keinen Abbruch, denn die im Endeffekt dekretierten Regelwerke stellten im Grunde nur Abwandlungen dessen dar, was dort beschlossen wurde. Darüber, was in der Orthografie als richtig bzw. falsch anzusehen sein sollte oder wie der Rechtschreibunterricht am besten einzurichten wäre, wurde natürlich nicht nur öffentlich diskutiert. Mancher wichtige Gedankenaustausch oder Beschluss fand in engem Kreis der Eingeweihten statt, vieles wurde unter Ausschluss der Öffentlichkeit besprochen. Zugang zu solchen Diskussionen und Entscheidungen bekommen wir über archivierte Briefe, die beteiligte Dienststellen und Personen austauschten. Inner-und zwischenbehördliche Korrespondenz sowie Briefe, die Interessenten an Machtträger schickten, bilden daher eine für die vorliegende Studie ebenso wichtige Quellengattung wie Briefe, die Privatpersonen austauschten. Außer den Briefen von Lev Tolstoj und Aleksandr Kireev sind die herangezogenen Briefe in den allermeisten Fällen nicht ediert, viele wurden bisher auch niemals unter dem Blickwinkel der uns hier interessierenden Fragestellung ausgewertet. Archivrecherchen wurden in mehreren deutschen und russischen Archiven durchgeführt. Gesucht wurden nicht nur Briefe, sondern alle Dokumente, die orthografische Fragen betreffen; sie wurden auch nicht in jedem dieser Archive gefunden. Oft enthielten die entdeckten Briefe keine neuen Informationen oder nur kleine Details, die in die Endfassung der Dissertation nicht aufgenommen wurden. Die wichtigsten nicht edierten Quellen zur orthografischen und Bildungspolitik der russischen Regierung sowie zu den Kongressen der russischen Lehrerinnen und Lehrer wurden im Russischen staatlichen historischen Archiv (RGIA, Sankt-Petersburg), die Akten der preußischen und deutschen Reichsbehörden im Geheimen Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz (GStAPK, Berlin) ausgewertet, der Nachlass von Berthold Otto und die Unterlagen seiner Hauslehrerschule in den Archivbeständen der Bibliothek für Bildungsgeschichtliche Forschung des Leibniz-Instituts für Bildungsforschung und Bildungsinformation (BBF DIPF, Berlin), die Akten der Kommission zur Vereinfachung der russischen Rechtschreibung in der Sankt-Petersburger Zweigstelle des Archivs der Russischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (SPF ARAN, Sankt-Petersburg), Protokolle von Lehrerkonferenzen im Schularchiv der Franckeschen Stiftungen in Halle a.d.S.

Liquid alkali metals have several physical properties which favor their use in a number of important applications. For example, their large liquidus temperature range and their excellent heat transfer properties are important for use as heat transfer media. They are used in large nuclear reactors in which hundreds of tons of sodium are circulating, and in small parts of engines for cooling of valves. Since these metals are among the most electropositive elements, several of them (Li, Na) can be used in high specific capacity and high energy density batteries at moderately elevated temperatures. The compatibility of metallic constructional materials which are used to contain the liquid metals is strongly influenced by nonmetals present in the liquids. The physical properties of the liquid metals are also influenced by dissolved substances. Several nonmetals dissolved in alkali metals are able to form ternary compounds with components of the constructional materials. Thus, corrosion a...

This research defines apophenoesis as a convergent practical tool that can enhance one's creative process by introducing deviations from the familiar in such a way to allow new creative pathways to form and result in new innovations. With foundations in Roy Ascott's technoetics, which is defined as a "convergent field of practice that seeks to explore consciousness and connectivity through digital, telematic, chemical or spiritual means, embracing both interactive and psychoactive technologies, and the creative use of moistmedia" (Ascott, 2008, p. 1), apophenoesis more specifically provides a framework to demonstrate the value of disruption within technoetic art while demonstrating the relationships between creativity and perception. I have conducted an auto-ethnomethodological approach to analyze my own creative practice, which culminated in the following apophenoetic artworks: Gesture's of Change (2013), Dabarithms (2014) and Poseidon's Pull: Revisited (2018). Each artwork represents the wide range of impact apophenoesis has had once integrated into the formation of artistic intent, establishment of the creative process, as well as the content experienced within the work of art by participants and observers. Since apophenoesis has a direct relationship to perception, it can be used both as a tool within the creative process as well as a mechanism within the content of the experience, thereby generating experiences of apophenoesis for participants within each technoetic artwork. In addition to Henri Bergson, who thoroughly models the relationship of perception to one's reality, and Leonardo DaVinci, who used apophenoesis within his creative practice, a pivotal contributor to this research is the German psychiatrist, Karl Please refer to the following link for executable file for "Gestures of Change ( )," or "GoC13," as well as links to all referenced documentation of works in the format of video and imagery. While the video and image formats are universal, the GoC13 executable must be downloaded for either Mac or PC computers and experienced locally. Please note that the GoC13 software is merely a recreation of a time-specific and location-specific installation in an exhibition at the Gezirah Gallery in Cairo, Egypt, at the Di-Egy Festival in 2013. The software along with the video documentation and description of the experience, artist's intention, creative process leading up to this installation, and the technical process all contribute to a complete understanding of the experience of the event at the time of installation. This exhibition was never intended to be exhibited ever again at a different location or time in its original form and functioned more like a live performance with live time-specific feeds from Twitter around the time of and relating to the civil unrest in Cairo.

This research defines apophenoesis as a convergent practical tool that can enhance one's creative process by introducing deviations from the familiar in such a way to allow new creative pathways to form and result in new innovations. With foundations in Roy Ascott's technoetics, which is defined as a "convergent field of practice that seeks to explore consciousness and connectivity through digital, telematic, chemical or spiritual means, embracing both interactive and psychoactive technologies, and the creative use of moistmedia" (Ascott, 2008, p. 1), apophenoesis more specifically provides a framework to demonstrate the value of disruption within technoetic art while demonstrating the relationships between creativity and perception. I have conducted an auto-ethnomethodological approach to analyze my own creative practice, which culminated in the following apophenoetic artworks: Gesture's of Change (2013), Dabarithms (2014) and Poseidon's Pull: Revisited (2018). Each artwork represents the wide range of impact apophenoesis has had once integrated into the formation of artistic intent, establishment of the creative process, as well as the content experienced within the work of art by participants and observers. Since apophenoesis has a direct relationship to perception, it can be used both as a tool within the creative process as well as a mechanism within the content of the experience, thereby generating experiences of apophenoesis for participants within each technoetic artwork. In addition to Henri Bergson, who thoroughly models the relationship of perception to one's reality, and Leonardo DaVinci, who used apophenoesis within his creative practice, a pivotal contributor to this research is the German psychiatrist, Karl Please refer to the following link for executable file for "Gestures of Change ( )," or "GoC13," as well as links to all referenced documentation of works in the format of video and imagery. While the video and image formats are universal, the GoC13 executable must be downloaded for either Mac or PC computers and experienced locally. Please note that the GoC13 software is merely a recreation of a time-specific and location-specific installation in an exhibition at the Gezirah Gallery in Cairo, Egypt, at the Di-Egy Festival in 2013. The software along with the video documentation and description of the experience, artist's intention, creative process leading up to this installation, and the technical process all contribute to a complete understanding of the experience of the event at the time of installation. This exhibition was never intended to be exhibited ever again at a different location or time in its original form and functioned more like a live performance with live time-specific feeds from Twitter around the time of and relating to the civil unrest in Cairo.

This study aims to analyze the types and frequencies of errors made by students in solving geometry problems based on Newman's Error Analysis (NEA). This study uses a qualitative descriptive design, with a sample of 10 first-year Mathematics Education students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using an essay test designed based on the five stages of NEA-reading, understanding, transformation, process skills, and coding-and analyzed descriptively by classifying each type of error. The results of the study indicate that students still frequently make errors, with the dominant types of errors being coding and transformation errors. These results align with the study's objectives and reinforce Newman's theory on the systematic categorization of problem-solving errors. The study concludes that targeted learning strategies, particularly those focused on strengthening problem representation and mathematical communication, are crucial for reducing errors.

In this study, we indicate the usefulness of time series forecasting methods on very short data. Specifically, we apply some of the basic time series forecast methods in order to predict the future consumption and purchase of the drug RAPILYSIN LYPDINJ 2X1.16G/VIAL (RL). The available data are monthly measurements of the consumption and purchase of the drug RL from the General Hospital of Katerini and cover the period 2009-2011, i.e. three years. Tools from univariate time series analysis and forecasting are introduced, discussed and applied based on the type of the available data. Based on the accuracy of the forecasts, the most efficient method is fitting a simple seasonal exponential smoothing model.

Writing sentence is not a simple task. Yet, it is found many times that even students of latest semesters are unable to compose good writing text due to their inability in producing good sentences. It is an unfortunate because ability in writing good sentences is the fundamental for the next level of writing. The failure of senior students to make good sentences triggers questions on what materials to focus on and how to conduct teaching and learning in the writing and grammar classes. In line with those, this study tries to reveal the errors freshmen students usually make in writing sentences. It is expected that the result of this study helps lecturers to choose appropriate materials and teaching techniques. The results of this study show that most errors are found in terms of grammar, mechanic, logic, and spelling. Hence, it is suggested that freshmen practice sentence writing more to practice the grammar rules, spelling, and mechanic as well as to sharpen their ability in buildi...

Superposition of two or more states is one of the fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics and provides the basis for several advantages offered by quantum information processing. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that quantum superposition allows for two-way communication between two distant parties that can exchange only one particle once, an impossible task in classical physics. This is achieved by preparing a single photon in a coherent superposition of the two parties' locations. Furthermore, we show that this concept allows the parties to perform secure and anonymous quantum communication employing one particle per transmitted bit. These important features can lead to the realization of new quantum communication schemes, which are simultaneously anonymous, secure and resource-efficient.

This study was set to reveal students’errors in speaking. The errors were limitted to surface strategy taxonomy errors with the focus of morphological and syntactical errors. The study was carried out under a mixed-method design where both quantitative and qualitative data were both needed. 33 students of ELESP Lambung Mangkurat University participated in this study. The participants were asked to orally create a story based on sequence pictures given to them. The recordings of students’ stories were then transcribed and analyzed. The results of the study suggested that 249 errors from different categories occured in students’ stories. The most prominent errors were found in Omission and Misinformation categories. The errors suggested students’ lack of understanding in English grammatical rules. However, despite the errors, students’ stories were still easy to comprehend. Keywords: errors; speaking; surface strategy taxonomy; morphology; syntax

In recent years, several authors have investigated how co-occurrence statistics in natural language can act as a cue that children may use to extract syntactic categories for the language they are learning. While some authors have reported encouraging results, it is difficult to evaluate the quality of the syntactic categories derived. It is argued in this paper that traditional measures of accuracy are inherently flawed. A valid evaluation metric needs to consider the well-formedness of utterances generated through a production end. This paper attempts to evaluate the quality of the categories derived from cooccurrence statistics through the use of MOSAIC, a computational model of syntax acquisition that has already been used to simulate several phenomena in child language. It will be shown that derived syntactic categories which may appear to be of high quality will quickly give rise to errors which are not typical of child speech. A solution to this problem is suggested in the form of a chunking mechanism which serves to differentiate between alternative grammatical functions of identical word forms. Results are evaluated in terms of the error rates in utterances produced by the system as well as the quantitative fit to the phenomenon of subject omission.

The paper proposes the development of a self-learning machine for creating models of microprocessor-based single-phase ground fault protection devices in networks with an isolated neutral voltage higher than 1000 V. Development of a self-learning machine for creating models of microprocessor-based single-phase earth fault protection devices in networks with an isolated neutral voltage higher than 1000 V. allows to effectively implement mathematical models of automatic change of protection settings. Single-phase earth fault protection devices.

OBJECT Surgery requires careful coordination of multiple team members, each playing a vital role in mitigating errors. Previous studies have focused on eliciting errors from only the attending surgeon, likely missing events observed by other team members. METHODS Surveys were administered to the attending surgeon, resident surgeon, anesthesiologist, and nursing staff immediately following each of 31 cerebrovascular surgeries; participants were instructed to record any deviation from optimal course (DOC). DOCs were categorized and sorted by reporter and perioperative timing, then correlated with delays and outcome measures. RESULTS Errors were recorded in 93.5% of the 31 cases surveyed. The number of errors recorded per case ranged from 0 to 8, with an average of 3.1 ± 2.1 errors (± SD). Overall, technical errors were most common (24.5%), followed by communication (22.4%), management/judgment (16.0%), and equipment (11.7%). The resident surgeon reported the most errors (52.1%), follo...

este texto está escrito a modo de diálogo en el que se recreará un juicio donde se intentará probar si un individuo acusado de un crimen atroz es culpable o no del delito que se le imputa. El Fiscal apelará a autores como san Agustín (De lib. arb.), Escoto (Quaest. Quod., q. 16) y al Evangelio según Mateo para demostrar que el sujeto en cuestión sí es culpable; y el abogado defensor, por otra parte, intentará apelar al intelectualismo socrático (Platón, Gorgias) y a la explicación de la incontinencia de Aristóteles (Ética a Nicómaco) para demostrar que es imposible que el sujeto sea culpable. A modo de conclusión, se mostrará cómo poco a poco la Fiscalía va perdiendo terreno y cómo el tema de la laicidad del debate se vuelve una consigna por parte de la Defensa apelando que las autoridades en las que se basa la Fiscalía están viciadas por partir de conceptos religiosos y no del derecho. Para responder esto, la Fiscalía dirá que «[…] negar el concepto voluntarista de voluntad socaba la base sobre la cual se fundamenta la democracia liberal» (Díaz Pecado y autonomía, 159). Así, si bien es cierto que la voluntad y la culpa no son conceptos del todo racionales, sí es razonable apelar a ellos y valorarlos como criterios de juicio. Con esto, finaliza la obra y al quedar inconclusa el lector deberá sacar sus propias conclusiones.

All judgmental forecasts will be affected by the inherent unreliability, or inconsistency, of the judgment process. Psychologists have studied this problem extensively, but forecasters rarely address it. Researchers and theorists describe two types of unreliability that can reduce the accuracy of judgmental forecasts: (1) unreliability of information acquisition, and (2) unreliability of information processing. Studies indicate that judgments are less reliable when the task is more complex; when the environment is more uncertain; when the acquisition of information relies on perception, pattern recognition, or memory; and when people use intuition instead of analysis. Five principles can improve reliability in judgmental forecasting: 1. Organize and present information in a form that clearly emphasizes relevant information. 2. Limit the amount of information used in judgmental forecasting. Use a small number of really important cues. Use mechanical methods to process infomation. Combine several forecasts. 5. Require justification of forecasts.

Este documento describe un protocolo de calibración con el objetivo de introducir una guía que estandarice el vocabulario metrológico entre los fabricantes de sistemas de cirugía guiada por imágenes. Se desarrollaron dos etapas para medir los errores y estimar la incertidumbre de un neuronavegador en diferentes situaciones, en la primera se determinó un error mecánico en un modelo virtual de una estructura acrílica, en la segunda se determinó un error de coordenadas sobre imágenes de tomografía axial computarizada de la misma estructura. Diez coordenadas de referencia de la estructura acrílica se compararon con las coordenadas generadas por el neuronavegador. Después de establecer el modelo de medición, fueron identificadas las fuentes de incertidumbre, los datos se procesaron de acuerdo a la guía para la expresión de la incertidumbre de medida.

Programme de Renforcement des Compétences Linguistiques aux  Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Écoles au Royaume du Maroc.. Officiellement lancé  dans tous les CPDE marocains publics depuis 2022...
Ce livre est le fruit du travail d’une équipe de concepteurs qui n’a ménagé aucun effort pour présenter aux élèves des classes préparatoires marocaines un outil de travail adapté et cohérent à même de les aider à progresser en langue française et à développer leurs compétences communicatives, afin qu’ils soient mieux armés pour entamer les programmes des CPGE. Les membres de cette équipe méritent d’être remerciés pour la qualité de leur travail ainsi que pour leur patience et leur dévouement.
Afin de garantir la stabilité et la disponibilité des documents audiovisuels, ces derniers ont été déposés sur une chaîne YouTube dédiée intitulée « RCL CPGE Maroc », accessible depuis le lien suivant: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzx4oD8gjA6A3pWjMnREu4A.

According to the national examination (UN) scores for Junior High School in East Sumba in 2019, it can be seen that the percentage of student’s math scores based on the comparison of test scores with graduation standards is still very low. In view of the problem, studies are conducted to describe a student’s error, describing the factors that cause students to make mistakes in solving problems, and planning follow-up actions to minimize student errors when operating addition and subtraction of algebraic fraction. This type of research is qualitative approach. The technique of determining the student’s research subject uses the cluster sampling technique with sample 5 students. The technique of collecting data is done by writing tests, interviews and documentary studies. The results showed that according to Newman’s five types of errors, student made 5 types of errors, and the most common mistakes were in encoding error of 1,53%, then processing skill error 2,33%; transformation erro...

A new remote sensing method based on video imaging is tested on a steep reflective beach (Grand Popo, Benin) to characterize the variation of the bed level and water level in the swash. The set up used enables the measurement of the wave by wave impact of swash on the beach morphology. Large variations up to 10 cm of the bed level are observed at periods longer than group periods, suggesting a substantial morphological control on the swash dynamics. The effect of individual swash events on high frequency change of bed level is taken into account relating hydrodynamics and morphodynamics variables to the bed evolution. Preliminary results show a strong correlation of the high frequency bed change with swash hydrodynamics and group influence.

We investigate a new strategy for incoherent eavesdropping in Ekert's entanglement based quantum key distribution protocol. We show that under certain assumptions of symmetry the effectiveness of this strategy reduces to that of the original single qubit protocol of Bennett and Brassard.

Objectif(s) de l'activité:  Reconnaître les outils documentaires et leur utilité dans la recherche de l'information. Document(s) support(s): (Cf. Manuel de traduction, p.11) Unité 1 : Perfectionnement linguistique bilingue Séquence 1 : Recherche documentaire et terminologie comparée Activité1 : Techniques bibliographiques (sommaire, table des matières, index) Classes cibles: 1 ère année du cycle du baccalauréat Sc.Exp et Sc.Math. Unité 1 : Perfectionnement linguistique bilingue Séquence 1 : Recherche documentaire et terminologie comparée Activité2 : Utiliser un dictionnaire unilingue Classes cibles: 1 ère année du cycle du baccalauréat Sc.Exp et Sc.Math.

Recent Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified four low-penetrance ovarian cancer susceptibility loci. We hypothesized that further moderate- or low-penetrance variants exist among the subset of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) not well tagged by the genotyping arrays used in the previous studies, which would account for some of the remaining risk. We therefore conducted a time- and cost-effective stage 1 GWAS on 342 invasive serous cases and 643 controls genotyped on pooled DNA using the high-density Illumina 1M-Duo array. We followed up 20 of the most significantly associated SNPs, which are not well tagged by the lower density arrays used by the published GWAS, and genotyping them on individual DNA. Most of the top 20 SNPs were clearly validated by individually genotyping the samples used in the pools. However, none of the 20 SNPs replicated when tested for association in a much larger stage 2 set of 4,651 cases and 6,966 controls from the Ovarian Cancer Asso...

La langue est un outil essentiel de communication et d’échange culturel, dont la structure est régie par des règles spécifiques. Au Ghana, l’anglais est la langue officielle, mais le français comme langue étrangère (FLE) est de plus en plus enseigné en raison de son importance stratégique dans le renforcement des relations sociales, économiques et politiques avec les pays francophones voisins tels que le Burkina Faso, le Togo et la Côte d’Ivoire. Cette étude explore les défis auxquels sont confrontés les élèves dans l’apprentissage du français, notamment dans la maîtrise des structures grammaticales comme l’emploi des adjectifs attributs. Évoluant dans un environnement éducatif multilingue où ils doivent simultanément apprendre l’anglais, une langue locale et le français, les apprenants sont souvent pénalisés par une exposition limitée au français en dehors du cadre scolaire. Cette recherche identifie les causes sous-jacentes de ces difficultés et propose des solutions pour améliorer l’acquisition de la langue française. En outre, des recommandations sont formulées afin de soutenir la recherche future et d’optimiser les stratégies d’enseignement pour renforcer la compétence linguistique des apprenants ghanéens.

Recent clinical reports indicate that infection with dengue virus (DENV) commonly has ocular manifestations. The most serious threat to vision is dengue retinopathy, including retinal vasculopathy and macular edema. Mechanisms of retinopathy are unstudied, but observations in patients implicate retinal pigment epithelial cells and retinal endothelial cells. Human retinal cells were inoculated with DENV-2 and monitored for up to 72 hours. Epithelial and endothelial cells supported DENV replication and release, but epithelial cells alone demonstrated clear cytopathic effect, and infection was more productive in those cells. Infection induced type I interferon responses from both cells, but this was stronger in epithelial cells. Endothelial cells increased expression of adhesion molecules, with sustained overexpression of vascular adhesion molecule-1. Transcellular impedance decreased for epithelial monolayers, but not endothelial monolayers, coinciding with cytopathic effect. This red...

Tax inspections in Turkey were carried out until 2011 by Inspection Board of Finance, Account Experts Board, Department of Revenue Controllers, and tax auditors under the 29 directorates of tax administration without coordination between them. Subsequently,as a result of bringing together the central tax inspectors and provincial tax auditors who have served within these units under the same umbrella of the Turkish Tax Inspection Board, it is needed to identify the problems and to develop solutions for these problems by revealing the changes and developments in tax inspections related to the institutional structure. The main objective of this study is to identify the problems related to the institutional structure of tax inspections in Turkey and to offer solutions for these problems. In this context, this study was conducted with a qualitative research method. Research data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with a total of 36 participants, consisting of 8 taxpayers, 1...

Пристрій N-направленої асоціативної пам'яті належить до вимірювальної техніки і може бути використаний при побудові систем керування або діагностики такого складного технічного об'єкта як дизель-поїзд з тяговими асинхронними електроприводами. Пристрій має можливість зберігання та відновлення з пам'яті множинних асоціацій завдяки тому, що в структуру мережі було введено додаткові вихідні шари нейронів. Технічним результатом є здатність відновлювати одному вхідному вектору N вихідних асоціативних зображень

Incident wave conditions and morphological beach response in the region of West and Central Africa are investigated using data collected with a regional network of permanent video cameras systems. Daily beach profiles were computed combining video shoreline detection at different tide levels and bathymetric estimate from wave celerity at three specific sites: Grand Popo (Benin), Mbour (Senegal) and Kribi (Cameroon). Results show that the low tide terrace of the intermediate-reflective beach of Grand Popo affects shoreline response at the event and seasonal time scales by modulating wave energy at the beach face. Based on this preliminary study and in the framework of a sustainable video station deployment, this paper highlights the potential of a video station network to address waves and coastal response on the time scales from hours to decade(s) in tropical coastal environments where data are lacking.

Esta investigacion tiene como objetivo llevar a cabo una reflexion critica hacia las relaciones de poder desiguales que atraviesan la produccion de conocimientos en las sociedades occidentales contemporaneas y que historicamente han sido marcadas por ejes como el genero, el sexo, la clase social o la raza y por divisiones geopoliticas de los territorios. Son relaciones que subyacen la produccion y circulacion de discursos y la constitucion de las subjetividades. Esta es una propuesta que nos permita pensar sobre el papel de los medios de comunicacion en dicha produccion y de como podemos imaginar alternativas a los medios generalistas que partan de una critica radical hacia el sistema capitalista neoliberal. Dichas alternativas seran planteadas aqui a partir de las relaciones entre activismo feminista y radios libres y/o comunitarias como practicas micropoliticas de democratizacion de la comunicacion. En esta tesis, abordaremos las relaciones de poder-saber a partir de una critica h...

Background: Arthroplasty registries are a relevant source of information for research and quality improvement in patient care and its value depends on the quality of the recorded data. The purpose of this study is to describe a model of validation and present the findings of validation of an Institutional Arthroplasty Registry (IAR). Methods: Information from 209 primary arthroplasties and revision surgeries of the hip, knee and shoulder recorded in the IAR between March and September 2015 were analyzed in the following domains. Adherence defined as the proportion of patients included in the registry; completeness defined as the proportion of data effectively recorded, and accuracy defined as the proportion of data consistent with medical records. A random sample of 53 patients (25.4%) was selected to assess the latest two domains. A direct comparison between the registry's database and medical records was performed. Results: 324 variables containing information on demographic data, surgical procedure, clinical outcomes and key performance indicators were analyzed. 209 out of 212 patients who underwent surgery during the study period were included in the registry, accounting for an adherence of 98.6%. Completeness was 91.7% and accuracy was 85.8%. Most errors were found in the preoperative range of motion and timely administration of prophylactic antibiotics and thromboprophylaxis.

ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, launched 2-Nov-2009, has been in orbit for over 5 years, and its Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) in two dimensions keeps working well. The calibration strategy remains overall as established after the commissioning phase, with a few improvements. The data for this whole period has been reprocessed with a new fully polarimetric version of the Level-1 processor which includes a refined calibration schema for the antenna losses. This reprocessing has allowed the assessment of an improved performance benchmark. An overview of the results and the progress achieved in both calibration and image reconstruction is presented in this contribution. With an experience of over 5 years of in-orbit operation, much has been learnt on how MIRAS works and how its observations can be improved through better calibration and image reconstruction techniques. The purpose of this paper is to update the reader with the latest results on the payload performance and data processing of the SMOS mission . SMOS is currently delivering several products, some of them used by operational systems, others only for scientific research (Mecklenburg et al., in press). MIRAS is a Microwave Imaging Radiometer with twodimensional Aperture Synthesis, which remains being the first and so far, the only one of its kind, in space. The main feature of MIRAS is that it obtains two-dimensional images at every snapshot without needing any mechanical scanning of its antenna, a very distinct capability when compared with traditional scanners or push-broom radiometers. A detailed description of the instrumental aspects of MIRAS can be found in while the on-board Calibration System and respective in-flight calibration strategy are described in . One year after launch the calibration approach was slightly modified with the initial flight experience, and the first SMOS instrument in-orbit performance was assessed in , including the effect of the unexpectedly severe Radio Frequency Interference from ground transmitters . The present paper will then follow the same structure as , with important

Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de um estudo que teve como objetivo analisar as concepções de Ciências, do perfil do cientista e do desenvolvimento científico, de alunos do Ensino Médio por intermédio de atividades realizadas com base no conto denominado "Ótima é a água" de Primo Levi. Seu conteúdo possibilitou a discussão acerca da importância de se romper com a visão empírico-indutiva da Ciência, bem como a importância do erro no desenvolvimento científico. A epistemologia de Bachelard norteou o estudo que teve como instrumento de recolha de dados um questionário composto de questões abertas, respondido pelos alunos, no final da atividade. O principal contributo deste estudo relaciona-se com as reflexões e contradições geradas e a compreensão da importância de se considerar o erro na construção da Ciência e do desenvolvimento científico. Palavras chaves: concepção de ciências, erro, epistemologia de Bachelard.

A diferencia de la historia de la lengua inglesa, que se estudia de forma conjunta en una sola asignatura, la parcelacion cronologica y geografica a la que a menudo se ve sometida la historia literaria en lengua inglesa supone que la vision que se desprende de ella puede llegar a ser fragmentada. En esta Red, hemos investigado recursos que permitieran al alumnado transcender estas limitaciones inherentes al diseno curricular de los grados. El proposito principal de esta experiencia fue la de conocer el grado de conocimiento efectivo del alumnado de los recursos que tienen a su disposicion para el estudio de la historia de la literatura producida en lengua inglesa, en especial, desde un prisma diacronico y en conexion con otras manifestaciones artistico-culturales. Los resultados obtenidos a traves de un cuestionario en linea, suministrado al alumnado de tercero y cuarto de Estudios Ingleses, vienen a confirmar el bajo conocimiento y uso que se hace de los recursos bibliograficos exi...

Proof is a judicial process that shows the truth of the parties' evidence. Possession of evidence is a concept in evidence where one party controls the disputed evidence in the case filed. Therefore, reversal of the burden of proof is an important concept to facilitate the process of proof, because one party does not have the authority to take some evidence. In the industrial relations court system, which uses civil procedural law with an emphasis on formal truth, there are several aspects of the strength of the parties' evidence. So this research provides a normative legal solution based on normative legal research methods, based on statutory approaches and conceptual approaches. The results show the importance of the reversal of the burden of proof in the industrial relations judicial system which does not have special rules on its procedural law aspects.

The process of material removal from a workpiece to obtain the desired shape is termed machining. Present-day material removal technologies have high spindle speeds and thus allow quick material removal. These high-speed spindles are highly exposed to vibrations and, as a result, the accuracy of the final workpiece’s dimensions is compromised. To overcome this problem, the motion of the tool is restricted, and multiple degrees of freedom are given through the motion of the workpiece in different axes. A machining bed configured as a parallel manipulator capable of giving six degrees of freedom (DOF) to the workpiece is proposed in this regard. However, the proposed six DOF machining bed should be energy efficient to avoid an increase in machining cost. The benefit of using the proposed configuration is a reduction in dimensional error and computational time which, as a result, reduces the energy utilization, vibrations, and machining time in practice. This paper presents kinematics,...

As power system networks are being constantly upgraded and extended, there is a greater importance in the reliable transmission of electrical power and fault finding techniques, especially for cables installed underground. Damage to a cable's protective sheath can damage a cables life span and also lead to disruption of system operation and loss of supply. This study includes research into the literature and techniques used to locate these faults accurately. Bridge resistance and volt drop measurement techniques are the main methods used by sheath fault location devices to locate faults accurately. This task is made more difficult because such devices are hindered by a limited test current. This study carries out an analysis of the accuracy of a leading cable sheath fault location device, which utilizes the volt drop method. Testing was conducted across a series of circuits and a comparison of accuracy was made between this device and a range of measurement devices. After a thorough analysis of test results was carried out, a new method of sheath fault location was developed and examined with the aim of improving fault location accuracy.

estandarizado de consentimiento informado. Se tuvo además como propósito el analizar los criterios de los representantes válidos sobre la información que le brindaría el consentimiento informado. Métodos: se estudió a los 32 integrantes del equipo multidisciplinario y a 9 representantes válidos de los pacientes para así constatar el grado de conocimiento sobre los principios de Ética Médica y Bioética. Resultados: se mostró que la mayoría tuvo un nivel bajo en cuanto a Ética Médica y niveles medio o alto en la Bioética. Los representantes válidos presentaron un nivel bajo. Se confirmó el reconocimiento de la necesidad e importancia del consentimiento informado aunque el equipo de salud refirió que no lo utiliza adecuadamente. Se elaboró una propuesta metodológica del proceso de consentimiento informado. Conclusiones: el nivel de conocimiento sobre los principios de la Ética Médica y la Bioética de los profesionales no se correspondió con la percepción que ellos tuvieron ni con la expresión práctica de dichos elementos.

estandarizado de consentimiento informado. Se tuvo además como propósito el analizar los criterios de los representantes válidos sobre la información que le brindaría el consentimiento informado. Métodos: se estudió a los 32 integrantes del equipo multidisciplinario y a 9 representantes válidos de los pacientes para así constatar el grado de conocimiento sobre los principios de Ética Médica y Bioética. Resultados: se mostró que la mayoría tuvo un nivel bajo en cuanto a Ética Médica y niveles medio o alto en la Bioética. Los representantes válidos presentaron un nivel bajo. Se confirmó el reconocimiento de la necesidad e importancia del consentimiento informado aunque el equipo de salud refirió que no lo utiliza adecuadamente. Se elaboró una propuesta metodológica del proceso de consentimiento informado. Conclusiones: el nivel de conocimiento sobre los principios de la Ética Médica y la Bioética de los profesionales no se correspondió con la percepción que ellos tuvieron ni con la expresión práctica de dichos elementos.

Notre travail de recherche s’intitule « Production ecrite en FLE des etudiants de la 1ere annee de Linguistique/Francais de l’ISCED de Lubango ». L’ISCED est un institut superieur ou les enseignements, repartis en 13 parcours, sont destines a la formation de maitres. Cette etude est centree sur l’erreur dans les pratiques d’ecriture en classe, etant donne que ce phenomene fait partie du processus d’enseignement et apprentissage du FLE. Dans cette recherche, nous avons voulu montrer les caracteristiques des erreurs commises par les etudiants de francais langue etrangere ayant comme langue source le portugais, bien que le champ du sujet soit delimite a l’ISCED de Lubango, Angola. L’ecrit met en jeu de multiples connaissances. Les etudiants etrangers ont des difficultes sur le plan lexical, syntaxique, morphologique, socioculturel, etc. Ces difficultes nous amenent a poser les questions suivantes : sous l’effet de quels facteurs les etudiants commettent cette sorte d’erreurs ? Comment ...

Las prácticas evaluativas administrativamente son herramientas que tiene el docente   para validar el conocimiento adquirido por el estudiante a través de sistemas simples y complejos, con el propósito de garantizar una apropiación del saber para utilizarlo en un momento determinado de la vida educativa, social, familiar y lo más posible profesionalmente; se ha pretendido que estos actos evaluativos sean constantes, permanentes y progresivos, para que el estudiante no presente dificultad al momento de presentarlo o cambiar de nivel en la educación, considerando su diversidad y las oportunidades que busca de acuerdo a sus intereses particulares. Sin embargo este momento educativo y porque no decirlo, en el actual espacio académico, se ha estancado solo en la concepción de la medición de conocimientos y no ha sido contemplado como el suceso que permita una exploración, por cada respuesta no acertada e incluso castigada, estigmatizada por no ser asertivo y no acomodarse a un modelo con...