Environmental Policy and Governance

This chapter explores the concept of climate justice in the context of the Global South, emphasizing the disproportionate impacts of climate change on historically marginalized nations and communities. It first traces the evolution of climate justice from its roots in environmental justice, highlighting how the movement has expanded to address global power imbalances and historical responsibility for carbon emissions. The theoretical framework of climate justice is analyzed through four key dimensions: distributional, procedural, recognitional, and capacity-related justice. The chapter then examines the practical applications of climate justice by assessing global emissions data, coal-related conflicts, and the concept of "climate debt," which holds historically high-emitting countries accountable for financing mitigation and adaptation efforts. Additionally, it discusses within-country inequalities and the role of redistributive policies, such as wealth taxation.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo reunir aspectos para propiciar uma análise crítica da Lei nº 14.933/2009, que instituiu a Política de Mudança do Clima no Município de São Paulo, de forma pioneira no Brasil e na América Latina, por sua abordagem integrada do problema, que propõe uma atuação conjunta em diversas frentes, como planejamento, gestão, educação e estímulos fiscais. Primeiramente é apresentada a dicotomia entre mitigação e adaptação presente nas políticas de mudanças climáticas para meios urbanos, que, cada qual a sua maneira, servem para concretizar a almejada sustentabilidade. Essa compreensão também é necessária para que se reflita sobre o indicador estipulado pela lei e seus limites para a gestão das mudanças climáticas em ambiente urbano. Em um segundo momento, parte-se à apresentação dos principais aspectos normativos e da estrutura da lei, que claramente prioriza as medidas de mitigação em detrimento da adaptação, focando em suas estratégias de enfrentamento nos ...

Розглядаються спеціальні принципи міжнародного екологічного права, виявлено взаємозалежність загальних принципів міжнародного права, спеціальних принципів міжнародного екологічного права та принципів міжнародного економічного права.Рассматриваются специальные принципы международного экологического права, выявлено взаимозависимость общих принципов международного права, специальных принципов международного экологического права и принципов международного экономического права.Special principles of international environmental law are considered, the interdependence of general principles of international law, special principles of international environmental law and principles of international economic law is revealed

Instituttets skriftserie nr. 25, 2010. ©Institutt for filosofi og førstesemesterstudier ... Universitetet i Bergen Elektronisk utgave. Pagineringen kan variere noe fra papirutgaven. ... Eivind Kolflaath: Tolkningsbegreper i Næss-tradisjonen ………………………………………….. 11 ...

Policymakers and researchers have endeavored to conceive of new ways of thinking about sustainability, and recent experiences in Asian countries offer new lessons. This chapter examines challenges and constraints regarding sustainability policymaking, with a focus on resilience, innovation, and civic enterprise in three of Asia's most economically dynamic cities. While the experiences of these cities are instructive with respect to technical and managerialist interventions targeting ring-fenced issues, broader systemic threats to sustainability implicate global narrative dynamics and their diffusion to local contexts-as evident in SDG localization. After introducing and applying the RICE Framework, this chapter reflects critically on the epistemic foundations of sustainability policy that harbor vestiges of a troubled developmental era, particularly how they perpetuate power imbalances and exclusionary policy epistemics.

Agradeço, antes de tudo, ao Deus de Abraão, Isaque e Jacó sem O qual este trabalho nunca teria sido realizado. A Ele seja dado todo o mérito e honra. Agradeço a todos os meus professores da Universidade de Brasília, que muito me ensinaram, contribuindo para a minha formação acadêmica. Especialmente ao Professor Bernardo Mueller, por ter me dado atenção e ter tido disponibilidade para me orientar. Gostaria de agradecer a todos meus familiares, que de alguma maneira participaram e contribuíram para esta caminhada. Em especial, a minha avó Iara, que sempre apoiou meus estudos. Por fim, agradeço a Júlia, pelo auxílio e apoio, desde o início do mestrado. RESUMO O primeiro objetivo deste trabalho é testar a hipótese de que as ONGs ambientais impactam de forma significativa a qualidade ambiental no Brasil. Apresentamos uma resenha do desenvolvimento das ONGs ambientais no Brasil e testamos empiricamente a hipótese. Os resultados confirmaram a significância das entidades ambientalistas. O segundo objetivo deste trabalho é testar se o grupo formado pelas ONGs ambientais, mesmo com recursos escassos (votos e contribuições financeiras) consegue influenciar de forma efetiva a ação do governo. Modelamos o problema através da teoria de agência comum (BERNHEIN & WHINSTON, 1986;, onde os principais (ONGs Ambientais, Produtores Rurais e Eleitores) buscam influenciar a ação do agente (Governo) para satisfazerem seus próprios interesses. As conclusões do modelo são coerentes com as características das ONGs ambientais. Além disso, aplicamos um modelo empírico e os resultados confirmam a significância das ONGs ambientais.

Рассматриваются национальные интересы, приоритеты и стратегии стран БРИКС в области экологического развития; цели и задачи экологического сотрудничества стран БРИКС, национальные аспекты охраны окружающей среды и обеспечения экологической безопасности; задачи науки и образования в области экологического развития стран БРИКС.

Solid waste management is often perceived as one of the most pressing environmental problems facing local governments in urban India and elsewhere in the global south. However, solid waste is not simply a managerial problem but is in many ways a highly political issue that involves diverse political actors at different scales. Particularly at the local level, solid waste management can also be a key part of broader political strategies, acting through its unique materiality as an environmental artefact and social relic. In this paper, we use an urban political ecology approach to examine a recent segregation-at-source project in a small town in West Bengal as a lens to understand more general multi-scalar, socio-political urban processes. Drawing primarily upon qualitative field research, the paper shows how diffuse forms of power and different governmentalities were applied between and within state-level government agents, municipal authorities, local waste workers and local commun...

espanolEcuador, por su ubicacion geografica, posee constante actividad tectonica y volcanica, a nivel macro, y deslizamientos de tierra, a nivel micro; esta ultima puede traer como consecuencia la perdida de vidas humanas y afectacion a infraestructuras importantes. Por tal motivo, el Instituto Espacial Ecuatoriano (IEE), a traves del proyecto “Generacion de geoinformacion para la gestion del territorio a nivel nacional”, realizado a escala 1: 25 000, genera informacion geo-espacial de esta amenaza a nivel cantonal. El objetivo fue determinar la amenaza a deslizamientos de tierra en el canton Ibarra (1 100 km2), para lo cual se utilizo Sistemas de Informacion Geografica (SIG), ademas de analizar factores condicionantes (susceptibilidad) y detonantes (disparadores), mediante la metodologia de Mora-Vahrson modificada. El modelo resultante fue validado en campo, mediante una matriz de confusion, consiguiendo una fiabilidad global del 78 %; determinandose que el 17 % de su superficie po...

For decades the international standards and requirements postulate severe control over all lifecycle phases of radioactive sources in order to prevent risks associated with exposure of people and the environment. Despite this fact the orphan sources became a serious problem as a consequence of enlargement of economic transactions in many countries in Europe as well as in the world. The countries as well as international organisations, aware of this emerging problem, are trying to gain control over orphan sources using different approaches. These approaches include control over sources before they could become orphan sources. In addition, countries are also developing action plans in case that an orphan source could be found. The problems related to orphan sources in Slovenia is discussed based on the case studies from the last years. While in the nineties of the last century just a few cases of orphan sources were identified their number has increased substantially since 2003. The p...

La gouvernance climatique constitue un cadre essentiel pour coordonner les actions face aux enjeux environnementaux mondiaux, en intégrant les responsabilités des acteurs publics, privés et de la société civile. Elle repose sur une approche multisectorielle visant à promouvoir la durabilité, à favoriser la coopération internationale et à assurer la cohérence des politiques climatiques. Cette gouvernance s'appuie sur des principes fondamentaux tels que l'efficacité, la transparence, la responsabilité et l’équité, qui guident la conception et la mise en œuvre des stratégies visant à atténuer les effets du changement climatique. L'interconnexion entre divers acteurs permet de maximiser les ressources et de stimuler l'innovation dans un contexte marqué par la complexité des enjeux. La gouvernance climatique ne peut être effective sans un cadre légal clair, comprenant les législations nationales et les accords internationaux qui encadrent les engagements des parties prenantes. L’émergence de partenariats public-privé constitue un vecteur clé dans cette démarche, en facilitant l'allocation des ressources, en encourageant l'expertise technique et en renforçant l'impact des initiatives. Ces partenariats offrent une plateforme pour partager les risques, mobiliser des financements innovants et développer des solutions adaptées aux défis locaux et globaux. Leur succès repose sur une gestion concertée, une transparence accrue et une responsabilisation mutuelle. Ainsi, la gouvernance climatique s'appuie sur une synergie entre politiques publiques et initiatives privées pour élaborer des réponses adaptées à l'urgence climatique, tout en respectant les principes fondamentaux de durabilité et de justice sociale.

Historia de los datos en biodiversidad Los datos de biodiversidad hoy El ciclo de vida de los datos Marco normativo y uso de datos en políticas públicas Desafíos Datos en biodiversidad Descripción de datos: ¿Qué indexar y para qué? Panorama global: Iniciativas para aumentar accesibilidad, reutilización e interoperabilidad de los datos de biodiversidad Iniciativas de países: Hacia la integración de datos ambientales y de biodiversidad Panorama local: Avances y brechas Estándares para el intercambio de datos de biodiversidad Recursos físicos para independencia local frente a data warehouses privadas Observatorio para el monitoreo y análisis de la biodiversidad Observación de la biodiversidad Un observatorio nacional de biodiversidad Datos en bioDiversiDaD: Un informe para Cop25 cap 6 -5

Policy instruments for implementing the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and the enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+) mechanism operate within an orchestra of policy mixes that affect the forest and other land sectors. How will policymakers choose between the myriad of options for distributing REDD+ benefits, and be able to evaluate its potential effectiveness, efficiency and equity (3Es)? This is a pressing issue given the results‐based aspect of REDD+. We present here a three‐element assessment framework for evaluating the outcomes and performance of REDD+ benefit sharing mechanisms, using the criteria of effectiveness, efficiency and equity: (1) the structures (objective and policies) of a REDD+ benefit sharing mechanism; (2) the broader institutional and policy contexts underlying forest governance; (3) outcomes of REDD+ including emission reductions, ecosystem service provision and poverty alleviation. A strength of the assessment framework is...

Renewable energy has emerged as a critical component of global efforts to combat climate change and ensure sustainable development. This study investigates public awareness, perception, and adoption of renewable energy among 267 respondents, examining the level of knowledge about different energy sources, attitudes toward replacing fossil fuels, and willingness to adopt renewable solutions. Data were collected through a structured digital survey, analysed to identify trends, patterns, and correlations. Findings indicate that while solar and wind energy are widely recognized, less common sources like biomass and geothermal are poorly understood. Although general support for renewable energy adoption is high, actual usage at home remains limited, primarily due to cost and accessibility barriers. Respondents indicated a willingness to switch to renewable energy if it were more affordable, emphasizing the role of economic incentives in promoting adoption. The study highlights the importance of educational campaigns, policy support, and infrastructure development to facilitate a transition toward sustainable energy. These insights provide a foundation for understanding public attitudes and designing strategies to increase adoption rates, contributing to environmental sustainability and long-term energy security.

Digitization projects across cultural sectors have revealed and gave the opportunity for researchers to shape and refocus their work around new perspectives. This meant that many new resources have been made available, sources that were not even within the scope of researchers. This has been also valid for musicologists. Through these new resources that were made available not only locally but globally, musicologists gained access into new archival repositories that were based far away or they were unknown. But these practices had another immediate effect and that was the impact that they could have to the understanding of music history in full. This is even more visible when someone is working with subjects that are set on the periphery and somehow away from the center of the established scholarship. Therefore, in this article I will be focusing on how the understanding of Greek music history has been affected and reshaped due to the ongoing revelation and wide access of various resources that have been made available towards these last years.

The Rights of Nature and The Testimony of Things begins by analyzing the ethical debates and political contexts relating to Latin American “rights of nature” legislation and the political ontology of non-human speech within a framework of intercultural and multispecies diplomacy. Author Mark Anderson shows how Latin American authors and thinkers complicate traditional humanistic perspectives on nature, the social, and politics, exploring how animals, plants, and environments as a whole might be said to engage in social relations and political speech or self-representation.

Drawing Native Amazonian thought into productive tension with a variety of posthumanist theoretical frameworks ranging from Derrida’s conceptualization of passive decision and hospitality to biosemiotics, Karen Barad’s theorization of intra-activity, and Isabelle Stenger’s proposal for cosmopolitical diplomacy, Anderson analyzes literary works by Julio Cortázar, Clarice Lispector, José Eustasio Rivera, and Davi Kopenawa that reframe environmental ethics in terms of collective, multispecies work and reciprocal care and politics as a cosmopolitics of friendship rooted in diplomacy across difference. Finally, Anderson examines the points of connection and divergences between Latin American relational ontologies and Euro‑American posthumanist theories within Indigenous Latin American re‑modernization projects that reappropriate and repurpose ancestral practices as well as develop new technologies with the goal of forging alternative modernities compatible with a livable future for all species.

Addressing the Environmental Barriers and Opportu-Environmental investments will enhance an-Structural Fund programmes have sup-Environmental investments will create Many regions have used the Structural Investments in water, wastewater, Environmental priorities can be met Environmental investments promote cohe-Help to deliver lasting economic improvements by enhancing envi-Reduces reliance on imported fuels and sensitivity to oil price movements, enhances ability to address challenge of climate change.

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Governance is one of the most important factors for ensuring effective environmental management and conservation actions. Yet, there is still a relative paucity of comprehensive and practicable guidance that can be used to frame the evaluation, design, and analysis of systems of environmental governance. This conceptual review and synthesis article seeks to addresses this problem through resituating the broad body of governance literature into a practical framework for environmental governance. Our framework builds on a rich history of governance scholarship to propose that environmental governance has four general aims or objectives -to be effective, to be equitable, to be responsive, and to be robust. Each of these four objectives need to be considered simultaneously across the institutional, structural, and procedural elements of environmental governance. Through a review of the literature, we developed a set of attributes for each of these objectives and relate these to the overall capacity, functioning, and performance of environmental governance. Our aim is to provide a practical and adaptable framework that can be applied to the design, evaluation, and analysis of environmental governance in different social and political contexts, to diverse environmental problems and modes of governance, and at a range of scales.

The conservation community is increasingly focusing on the monitoring and evaluation of management, governance, ecological, and social considerations as part of a broader move toward adaptive management and evidence-based conservation. Evidence is any information that can be used to come to a conclusion and support a judgment or, in this case, to make decisions that will improve conservation policies, actions, and outcomes. Perceptions are one type of information that is often dismissed as anecdotal by those arguing for evidence-based conservation. In this paper, I clarify the contributions of research on perceptions of conservation to improving adaptive and evidence-based conservation. Studies of the perceptions of local people can provide important insights into observations, understandings and interpretations of the social impacts and ecological outcomes of conservation; the legitimacy of conservation governance; and the social acceptability of environmental management. Perceptions of these factors contribute to positive or negative local evaluations of conservation initiatives. It is positive perceptions, not just objective scientific evidence of effectiveness, that ultimately ensure the support of local constituents thus enabling the long-term success of conservation. Research on perceptions can inform courses of action to improve conservation and governance at scales ranging from individual initiatives to national and international policies. Better incorporation of evidence from across the social and natural sciences and integration of a plurality of methods into monitoring and evaluation will provide a more complete picture on which to base conservation decisions and environmental management.

Una gran cantidad de pesquerías a nivel mundial se encuentran sobreexplotadas o colapsadas, en especial las costeras. Esto es de vital importancia, pues la dependencia de los recursos costeros es cada vez mayor. En Uruguay la situación no difi ere de esta realidad, por lo cual son necesarias medidas de manejo pesquero que contemplen un uso sostenible de los recursos y consideren la protección de los ecosistemas en su integridad y complejidad. Este libro va más allá de los criterios convencionalmente empleados en Uruguay en el manejo de los recursos pesqueros, proponiendo por primera vez para el país el desarrollo de un Manejo Ecosistémico Pesquero (MEP). Se hace especial énfasis en la identifi cación de sitios prioritarios para establecer Áreas Marinas Protegidas como herramientas de un MEP. El análisis cuantitativo de largo plazo consideró la variabilidad espacial del esfuerzo pesquero, las características de los ecosistemas y los diferentes servicios que proveen, así como los principales confl ictos derivados de otras actividades antrópicas. Esto permitió identifi car los sitios más sensibles y con mayor prioridad para la implementación de un MEP, contemplando adicionalmente aspectos de conservación de la biota y sus hábitats. Finalmente, en este documento se propone, por primera vez para el sector pesquero uruguayo, la implementación de un sistema participativo de gobernanza: el co-manejo pesquero. Éste reconoce la legitimidad de la participación de los pescadores en el manejo de los recursos. Esto generará sinergias entre el manejo y la conservación, reconociendo la integridad de los ecosistemas como base para la sostenibilidad de los recursos y el crecimiento socio-económico.

In 2008, Argentina and Chile signed an agreement to eradicate North American beavers (Castor canadensis) and restore degraded forests. The plans and actions related to this treaty have been conducted principally by experts with biological knowledge, paying scant attention to social aspects. From a socio-ecological approach, we evaluated the perspectives of two groups of key stakeholders (managers and researchers) from Argentinean and Chilean institutions. Via surveys, we compared i) attitudes towards the binational agreement's two objectives (eradication and restoration), ii) the reasons that underlie these positions, and iii) the opinions about obstacles in implementing the agreement. The majority of both groups agreed with the two objectives, nonetheless managers supported more the eradication of the beaver and researchers supported more the restoration of degraded forests. These positions were based on biological arguments (e.g., ecological harm, being an exotic species), more than on social ones (e.g., ethics, economic impact). Paradoxically, managers and researchers identified the lack of information on social topics (e.g., internal management, interinstitutional cooperation, financing) as the main obstacle for the implementation of the agreement. While there was a high level of consensus, dissident positions were found among these stakeholders, whose profile is rather homogeneous. Managers particularly emphasized politico-institutional topics. Consequently, we are called upon to deepen and increase attention towards social dimensions in the approach to biological invasions to diversify the perspectives towards the problem, as well as to optimize and improve outcomes of potential actions in complex and heterogeneous societies.

Targeting human-inhabited islands for invasive species eradication campaigns layers social complexity on top of technical complexity. Attaining widespread support and cooperation for eradications requires programs designed to meet diverse stakeholder needs. The Tierra del Fuego archipelago serves as an informative case study and model for understanding and incorporating private landowner preferences into a proposed eradication program. We employed a human-centered approach to characterize landowner perceptions, preferences, and potential support for a large-scale initiative to eradicate the invasive North American beaver (Castor canadensis) from Tierra del Fuego. We used a factorial vignette survey to understand how attributes of an eradication program are related landowners' decisions to participate. Landowners rated four programs that randomly varied by contract length, required level of landowner involvement, institutional administrator, payment, social norms, and probability of a successful eradication. Landowners in Tierra del Fuego were generally more willing to participate under three conditions: (1) increased payments, (2) increased expectations of program success, and (3) low requirements for landowner involvement. Our results suggest that incorporating feedbacks into program design can increase public support, and that landowners in Tierra del Fuego may not express the same preference for autonomy that exists in other regions of the world. Understanding and incorporating stakeholder preferences, perceptions, and beliefs into management strategies is an ongoing challenge for conservation practitioners worldwide. The vignette survey approach provides a cost-effective, rapid, and scalable tool to document and incorporate local values into conservation program design. Programs built using a human-centered approach will complement landowners' land-use objectives, increase cooperation, and ultimately improve conservation outcomes.

The Aarhus Convention is considered to be the most successful codification of environmental law. However, conflicts of interpretation and violations of non-compliance have led to the need to act on the regulatory text. This contribution analyzes, from a structural and generative semiotic perspective, the tension between the way in which the environment is codified by the norm in the political-legal sense of the term and the social normality in environmental matters as manifested by the collective appreciation of the debate. The intersemiotic translations involved in the review process, which affect the actors of the environment as well as its regimes of meaning and temporality, trace out a negotiable space available to environmental justice.

Vollebergh, H., & Dijk, J. J. (2017). Taxes and fees of regional water authorities in the Netherlands. In Capacity building for environmental tax reform: European Commission study (pp. 1-12). IEEP. Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

La meta 30 x 30 del Marco Global de Diversidad Biológica (MGDB), busca aportar a que se visibilice y evidencia la importancia fundamental de conservar las áreas protegidas y ecosistemas estratégicos de Bolivia, como condición indispensable para garantizar el derecho de las presentes y futuras generaciones, además de otros seres vivos, a un ambiente saludable, protegido y equilibrado. Las 23 áreas protegidas de relevancia nacional del SNAP (Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas) en Bolivia, cubren 17.034.796 hectáreas, que equivalen a un 15.50% del territorio nacional, sin embargo, las extensiones legales de las áreas protegidas no reflejan la superficie de protección efectiva de la biodiversidad. La superficie total efectivamente protegida, es notablemente menor que la superficie legal, situación que se relaciona directamente con la reducción de las acciones de control y protección. El documento concluye, que la situación del SNAP y de otras unidades de protección de la biodiversidad, se ha ido progresivamente deteriorando en los últimos 20 años, al punto de que las Áreas protegidas en Bolivia, casi enfrentan un punto de colapso, con la única salvedad del tesón y sacrificio de los cuerpos de guardaparques, los cuales tienen la condición de defensores ambientales y se constituyen al momento el único bastión de defensa de las áreas, aunque con profundas limitaciones de diversa índole.

Karl Marx’s famous aphorism about men (sic) making history, but not in
circumstances of their own choosing, has never looked more apposite. If
the environmental crisis that threatens the very future of humankind has
demonstrated one thing with brutal clarity it is that we—humanity is all
in this—life on planet Earth—together. Unfortunately, this does not
mean that political leaders around the world have suddenly recognised
the interdependent, mutually constitutive nature of human existence;
nor have they inaugurated a new era of enlightened cooperation. On the
contrary, while the geophysical boundaries that delimit individual and
collective human possibilities are becoming ever more apparent, the con-
temporary international order is distinguished by an entirely futile and
counterproductive effort to decouple and privilege the national over the
transnational.

DesertNet () is an interdisciplinary scientific network which was established in October 2006 at the UN premises in Bonn, Germany, by a group of international scientists. The network strives to generate and enhance scientific knowledge and understanding of the biophysical and socio-economic processes of desertification. This international scientific network provides an international platform for scientifically based discussions and exchange of ideas, addressing knowledge gaps, and identifying research areas. DesertNet is also a think tank community which identifies issues and priorities for the sustainable development of drylands. The paper outlines the current role of DesertNet in the international scientific community and it delineates its role to strengthen the Science/Policy Interface.

Global climate change has a potentially large impact on economic growth but measuring their economic impact is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. The central objective of our paper is to set forth a modelthe macroeconomics evaluation of climate change (MECC) modelto evaluate the impact of climate change on GNP growth. The model is based on five basic indicators -(i) the climate change growth rates (α i ); (ii) the national climate change vulnerability rate (Ω T ); (iii) the climate change magnitude rate (Π); (iv) the economic desgrowth rate (δ); (v) and the CC-Surface. In addition, we apply the MECC Model to the case of China to evaluate its impact on the Chinese economy.

The temporary shelters along the Thai-Burma border are under the responsibility of Thailand's Ministry of Interior. As Thailand has not ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention and does not recognize the existence of refugees within its territory, those civilians who fled across to Thai-Burma border are defined as "war-fled asylum seekers" or "displaced persons from fighting". This legal definition construes them as individuals who are in need of assistance and are unable to be self-reliant. These refugees are not allowed to leave the shelters, unless they obtain prior permission from the Thai authorities. They will be regarded as "illegal migrants", once they step out of the shelter. The assistance provided has followed humanitarian principles, which are: provision of food, shelter, clothes, medicine and education necessary for their livelihood. The temporary shelters were established thirty years ago within Thai territory. The idea was to avoid attacks by the Burmese military or ethnic armed groups against the refugees. Since the early 2000s, UNHCR This policy brief is based upon the study on 'Policy Alternatives for the Refugee Problems in Temporary Shelters along Thai-Burma Border' which aims to understand problems of refugees who fled civil war in Burma/Myanmar and are presently staying in temporary shelters along the Thai-Burma border. The study explores the refugees' willingness, concerns, preparedness and participation regarding their repatriation. The research team selected four shelters for the study in order to understand the different social, cultural and political conditions there. Ethnographic methodology was used to collect data.

Aos meus pais, Maria e Atílio, meus ancestrais do campo que me propiciaram condições existenciais para estudar e perceber a natureza e a sabedoria do mato. À companheira, Julia, pela paciência e amor dedicados nos momentos mais difíceis de recuperação. Ao amigo e orientador Marcos Bernardino, responsável pelo meu aprimoramento intelectual e pela qualidade alcançada com a presente investigação. Foi também maestro de muitos momentos filosóficos agradáveis que propiciaram leveza durante os dois anos e meio de pesquisa. A todos os professores e funcionários do Programa de Mudança Social e Participação Política, pela eficiência e dedicação aos discentes. Aos professores doutores participantes da qualificação Andréa Viúde (ProMuSPP) e Gustavo de Oliveira Coelho de Souza (PUC-SP), pela profunda contribuição a esta pesquisa. Por fim agradeço a Deus, Budas das dez direções, Oxalá, Nhanderu, "Pacha Mama", Orixás; enfim, às entidades metafísicas que me permitiram concluir este trabalho e aprimorar minha conexão com o "divino".

This article discusses the role of PT Atar Samudra Shipping as an Indonesian shipping company contributing to international business development and regional economic growth, particularly in Lampung Province. In carrying out its activities, the company faces challenges in the form of global competition and market dynamics that demand efficiency, competitive pricing, and quality service. Nevertheless, PT Atar Samudra Shipping has been able to develop a strategy that emphasizes inter-company collaboration, the use of digital technology, and strengthening its network through international associations. Interviews with company representatives revealed that success in establishing business connections is determined not only by price but also by service quality and good relationships with partners. This collaboration allows the company to share resources, expand markets, and create added value for consumers. Furthermore, the presence of an international port in Panjang, Lampung, has a significant impact on facilitating exports and imports, attracting investors, and enhancing the region's competitiveness on the global stage.

Urban areas in India have been experiencing unprecedented population and economic growth in the last decade. As cities grow and incomes rise, a new challenge has arisen: that of supplying domestic water reliably, and of reasonable quality, to this rapidly growing urban population, while ensuring that the well-being of future generations is not jeopardised

Estado de los ecosistemas litorales: muestreo intermareal de los recursos marisqueros R. Ramírez y F. Tuya Estado de los ecosistemas litorales: muestreo submareal de los fondos rocosos E Tuya Estado de los ecosistemas litorales: muestreo submareal de los fondos arenosos F. Tuya, l. Blanch y F. Espino Determinación de la calidad de las aguas costeras del Archipiélago Canario o. Bergasa Análisis de las presiones y amenazas F.

Within the realm of urban studies and spatial planning, the concept of self-organization receives increasing attention in understanding spatial transformations and related planning interventions (De Roo et al, 2012;. In exploring the potential of self-organization, various scholars however introduce diverging interpretations of the concept, consequentially leading to different understandings of what the concept can offer to planners. In the first part of the paper, we show that the different interpretations have their foundation in two distinct epistemic positions: One is a criticalrealist interpretation of complex adaptive systems , resulting in a planning focused on pattern recognition and formulating guiding conditions . The other includes a post-structuralist interpretation of emerging assemblages , leading to a planning focused on personal style and situational behavior . The potential synergies between the two epistemic positions has so far remained unexplored, while aspects of both perspectives simultaneously are at work in spatial transformations. Therefore, the second part of the paper explores their complementarity and discusses how to turn the two positions into consistency with one another -meaning how they can mutually reinforce each other without losing their individual epistemic strengths. Based on this exploration we suggest planners to act adaptively and differentiate in style in response to the situation at stake, among others by means of pattern recognition. On a conceptual level the paper shows how planning scholars can make sense of the diversity of ongoing processes of self-organization in the context of spatial transformations.

to be submitted for the Conference on Complex Systems, Beurs Van Berlage, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 19-22 September 2016 Abstract Within the realm of urban studies and spatial planning, the concept of self-organization receives increasing attention in understanding spatial transformations and related planning interventions (De Roo et al, 2012; Portugali, 2011). In exploring the potential of self-organization, various scholars however introduce diverging interpretations of the concept, consequentially leading to different understandings of what the concept can offer to planners. In the first part of the paper, we show that the different interpretations have their foundation in two distinct epistemic positions: One is a criticalrealist interpretation of complex adaptive systems (Byrne, 2005), resulting in a planning focused on pattern recognition and formulating guiding conditions (Portugali, 2011; Rauws, 2015). The other includes a post-structuralist interpretation of emerging asse...

Na jaren van groei staat het stadmaken in Rotterdam voor een nieuwe uitdaging. De aantrekkende markt en hernieuwde professionele drukte in de stad dreigen particulier initiatief en gedeelde stadsontwikkeling minder vanzelfsprekend te maken -ondanks de waarde die veel partijen er aan hechten. De vraag is hoe het stadmaken in Rotterdam zich in deze nieuwe context kan verstevigen en consolideren. Dit essay is het verslag van een zoektocht naar die vraag onder Rotterdamse stadmakers in de periode zomer 2017 -voorjaar 2018. Rotterdamse stadmakers bespraken de kenmerken en kernwaarden van het stadmaken, en dachten na over manieren om het stadmaken sterker te maken. Vijf concrete suggesties kwamen naar voren: zorgen voor (i) meer uitwisseling en regelmatige meetups, (ii) meer politieke verbinding, (iii) meer kennis over waardeontwikkeling en ondernemingsmodellen, (iv) verduidelijking van afspraken in stadmaak-omgevingen en (v) grotere toegankelijkheid en inclusiviteit van het stadmaken. Deze suggesties kunnen het stadmaken verder consolideren terwijl ze tegelijkertijd de dynamiek, het onverwachte, het gedeelde en de openheid van het stadmaken in stand houden. De Rotterdamse stadmaker. Bevlogen, betrokken, ondernemend. Met hart en ziel verbonden aan de stad en haar plekken, gedreven om deze plekken nog levendiger, meer gedeeld en toegankelijker te maken. De stadmaker en het stadmaken werd de afgelopen jaren een steeds breder gedragen begrip in Rotterdam. Er ontstond een levendige praktijk van kleinschalige particuliere stadsontwikkeling, initiatieven van bewoners, ondernemers en zelfstandigen, ondersteund door professionele partijen zoals woningbouwcorporaties, ontwikkelaars en de gemeentelijke diensten. De Rotterdamse stadmakers-praktijk is geworteld in een lange lokale traditie van ondernemerschap, privaat-particuliere-publieke stadsontwikkeling en bewonersbetrokkenheid, maar kwam vooral aan het licht toen de financiële crisis in al haar hevigheid losbarstte. Burgers en lokale ondernemers sprongen in het gat dat de terugtrekkende overheid en markt achterlieten. Zij begonnen vanuit hun eigen belang, interesse en kennis en met eigen middelen initiatieven te ontwikkelen die, ondanks hun kleinschaligheid en relatieve autonomie, een belangrijke bijdrage leverden aan de stedelijke kwaliteit. Het speelveld van stedelijke ontwikkeling veranderde daardoor in rap tempo. Niet langer was dit het exclusieve domein van professionele partijen zoals gemeenten, Rijk, woningcorporaties, ontwerpbureaus en ontwikkelaars, maar in toenemende mate ook van de stadmakers. De werkwijze van het stadmaken verschilde sterk van voorheen gangbare (markt-en overheid gestuurde) stadsontwikkeling. In het stadmaken deelt men initiatief, is er ruimte voor lokale, actuele oplossingen en kansen, en draait het om het leggen van creatieve verbindingen tussen mensen, plekken en innovatieve ideeën. De Rotterdamse stadsontwikkeling ging daarmee steeds meer lijken op de maatschappij die de filosoof Gilles Deleuze al in 1993 beschreef: een maatschappij van nooit geheel te doorgronden individuen, die brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

Na jaren van groei staat het stadmaken in Rotterdam voor een nieuwe uitdaging. De aantrekkende markt en hernieuwde professionele drukte in de stad dreigen particulier initiatief en gedeelde stadsontwikkeling minder vanzelfsprekend te maken -ondanks de waarde die veel partijen er aan hechten. De vraag is hoe het stadmaken in Rotterdam zich in deze nieuwe context kan verstevigen en consolideren. Dit essay is het verslag van een zoektocht naar die vraag onder Rotterdamse stadmakers in de periode zomer 2017 -voorjaar 2018. Rotterdamse stadmakers bespraken de kenmerken en kernwaarden van het stadmaken, en dachten na over manieren om het stadmaken sterker te maken. Vijf concrete suggesties kwamen naar voren: zorgen voor (i) meer uitwisseling en regelmatige meetups, (ii) meer politieke verbinding, (iii) meer kennis over waardeontwikkeling en ondernemingsmodellen, (iv) verduidelijking van afspraken in stadmaak-omgevingen en (v) grotere toegankelijkheid en inclusiviteit van het stadmaken. Deze suggesties kunnen het stadmaken verder consolideren terwijl ze tegelijkertijd de dynamiek, het onverwachte, het gedeelde en de openheid van het stadmaken in stand houden. De Rotterdamse stadmaker. Bevlogen, betrokken, ondernemend. Met hart en ziel verbonden aan de stad en haar plekken, gedreven om deze plekken nog levendiger, meer gedeeld en toegankelijker te maken. De stadmaker en het stadmaken werd de afgelopen jaren een steeds breder gedragen begrip in Rotterdam. Er ontstond een levendige praktijk van kleinschalige particuliere stadsontwikkeling, initiatieven van bewoners, ondernemers en zelfstandigen, ondersteund door professionele partijen zoals woningbouwcorporaties, ontwikkelaars en de gemeentelijke diensten. De Rotterdamse stadmakers-praktijk is geworteld in een lange lokale traditie van ondernemerschap, privaat-particuliere-publieke stadsontwikkeling en bewonersbetrokkenheid, maar kwam vooral aan het licht toen de financiële crisis in al haar hevigheid losbarstte. Burgers en lokale ondernemers sprongen in het gat dat de terugtrekkende overheid en markt achterlieten. Zij begonnen vanuit hun eigen belang, interesse en kennis en met eigen middelen initiatieven te ontwikkelen die, ondanks hun kleinschaligheid en relatieve autonomie, een belangrijke bijdrage leverden aan de stedelijke kwaliteit. Het speelveld van stedelijke ontwikkeling veranderde daardoor in rap tempo. Niet langer was dit het exclusieve domein van professionele partijen zoals gemeenten, Rijk, woningcorporaties, ontwerpbureaus en ontwikkelaars, maar in toenemende mate ook van de stadmakers. De werkwijze van het stadmaken verschilde sterk van voorheen gangbare (markt-en overheid gestuurde) stadsontwikkeling. In het stadmaken deelt men initiatief, is er ruimte voor lokale, actuele oplossingen en kansen, en draait het om het leggen van creatieve verbindingen tussen mensen, plekken en innovatieve ideeën. De Rotterdamse stadsontwikkeling ging daarmee steeds meer lijken op de maatschappij die de filosoof Gilles Deleuze al in 1993 beschreef: een maatschappij van nooit geheel te doorgronden individuen, die

В статье анализируется международный опыт регулирования природоохранной деятельности, формирования системы унифицированной экологической отчётности, экоаудита. Ключевые слова: экологический аудит; экологические стандарты; экологическая отчётность; международное регулирование. In article the international experience of regulation of nature protection activity, formation of system of the unified ecological reporting, ecoaudit is analyzed.