Early Medieval Italy

At the death of Lothair I (855), the denari issued in the Kingdom of Italy stopped bearing the name of the mint of origin. They adopted the representation of a church in the form of a tetrastyle temple accompanied by the legend XPISTIANA RELIGIO, which would remain in exclusive use until 905/10, then progressively abandoned during the 10th century.
Thanks to the availability of a new set of coins from excavations, and a large group of specimens recently rediscovered in public and private collections, it is now possible establish with greater accuracy their mint of origin and assume a break in the monetary unity of the Kingdom of Italy at the beginning of the 10th century, i.e., more than fifty years earlier than usually believed.

Table of Contents List of Illustrations Fränkische Bildpolitik auf Münzen und Siegeln im Kulturvergleich Daniel Seelbach 11 Les oboles mérovingiennes unifaces et leurs techniques de frappe Philippe Schiesser 12 Modelling the Lifetime in Circulation of Visigothic Gold Coins David Yoon 13 North Sea Gold Economy in the Age of 'Gift Exchange', c. 450-c.

The numismatic collection of the Zane family has many extraordinary features in the panorama of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Venetian collecting. Formed in the last decades of the seventeenth century with only a few hundred antique gold coins, this collection seems to have been created almost by chance from local finds and preserved by three generations of Zane family members essentially as a means of social prestige and as a value reserve. Dispersed on the British antique market in the second half of the eighteenth century, the Zane Collection became part of the collection of King George III and is now in the British Museum

This paper aims to provide an updated survey of coin circulation in Mediolanum focusing on the period between the first century bc and the second century ad. This historical phase offers an important insight into the history of the town’s coin circulation because, from 23 bc, the city was flooded with fresh, well-struck, and abundant new Augustan coinage. This monetary production was intended to solve the late-Republican acute monetary dearth of small change, which severely affected the Cisalpine market, including that of Mediolanum. The in-depth analysis of coins from several archaeological excavations conducted in Milan, carried out with a full contextual approach, demonstrates that this shortage is reflected in the extended circulation of old Republican coins, which were often cut into two or more pieces, or denarii subaerati, or non-Roman coins, issued by Cisalpine or Transalpine Gauls or again struck by mints of Roman colonies located beyond the Alps. But this heterogeneous coinage continued to be a reality in the everyday life of the Mediolanenses until at least the late first century ad. From this time onwards, Milan’s archaeological record provides a full panorama of Roman Imperial coins coming from Rome.

In 2019, a large hoard of radiates was discovered near Varzi (PV – Northern Italy). It consisted of 1308 coins, dated between the times of Gallienus and Aurelian (based on a preliminary analysis). The specimens from the hoard are in a poor state of preservation, probably due to the lack of a ceramic vessel to preserve them from direct contact with the ground. This is confirmed by the absence of any ceramic fragments in association with the find. The new hoard has increased the (already extensive) evidence for hoards buried in the area during the second half of the third century ad, some of which were even larger than the Varzi hoard itself (Grumello Cremonese, Ceretto Lomellina, Ottobiano, etc.). The restoration of a part of the coins within this hoard has formed part of a dissertation project on conservation and restoration developed at the University of Bologna. The aim of the project was to experiment with different techniques in order to achieve effective results in the reading and conservation of coins with a low silver content.

The paper is about how minting authorities in the Middle Ages could increase seigniorage by undertaking relatively fast debasements (decreasing the silver content) of the coinage. The paper analyses which mechanisms and incentives are created by the authorities for people to hand in bullion and old/foreign coins for re-minting and thereby increase the seigniorage. Two main mechanisms are identified. First, in the early phase of an emergency debasement cycle, there are price-lags between silver price and consumer prices because the latter prices are 'rigid'. This provides incentives for people to hand in bullion and foreign coins for minting. Second, in the later phase of a debasement cycle, both good and bad coins will circulate simultaneously. If ordinary people cannot see the difference between good (high silver content) and bad (low silver content) coins, experts (such as silversmiths) can collect good coins and hand them in for re-minting and make a profit through arbitrage. I also analyse what happens at the end of a debasement cycle. Theories are supported by empirical data from France and Sweden. Finally, analysis is made of which groups in society are winners and losers from emergency debasements.

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Please note this article is published with Brepols Publishers as a Gold Open Access article under a Creative Commons CC 4.0: BY-NC license.
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This paper will focus on monetary distribution in southern Italy in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Thanks to the information about discoveries of coins collected in FLAME, it was possible to amass a large series of data deriving from excavations and single finds. In addition to the quantitative analysis of individual emissions and their areas of origin, a distributional analysis was added to identify interpretative frameworks of the presence of economic activity in the border areas and places of contact with other regions, to be compared with similar data from inland areas. We will also try to understand whether the decrease or increase in the volume of coins issued by a specific mint and their circulation in a given area is related to commercial upheavals in the Mediterranean after the fall of the Roman Empire.

In this article, we study the Late Roman nummi recovered in the archaeological site and military fortification of ‘El Castillo de Viguera’ (La Rioja). Almost all of them are of reduced diameter and weight (AE4 of c. 14 mm), they show marked wear, and many have been clipped or cut in different ways. These particularities point to the fact that the Roman nummi from the middle and end of the fourth century continued to be used in Viguera after their minting period, certainly at the beginning of the fifth century, also in the Visigoth period and, even very probably, at the time of the rise of Al-Andalus in the Iberian Peninsula.

e la successione del figlio omonimo, subito prima della metà del secolo XI, segnano una svolta nella storia della famiglia. È questo un momento relativamente fortunato dal punto di vista delle fonti che, pur non essendo particolarmente ricche, risultano nell'area amiatina abbondanti e continue: si può così verificare per una zona campione come si sia affermato il potere comitale in un'area esterna al territorio retto in età carolingia. Per il resto dei domini la documentazione non permette un'indagine analoga, ma offre comunque significativi paralleli agli sviluppi riscontrabili in area amiatina, confermandone così la generale validità. Obiettivo primo del capitolo è tracciare un quadro dei fattori che, tra 1050 e 1120 ca., fecero degli Aldobrandeschi una delle maggiori stirpi dell'aristocrazia toscana: non fu -è vero -una novità assoluta, ma la conferma di una posizione già ricoperta in precedenza. Individuare però le nuove forme nelle quali ciò avvenne (come cioè gli Aldobrandeschi esercitarono il proprio potere, interagirono con gli strati inferiori della società, si collegarono al ceto di cui fecero parte, si legarono infine alle istanze superiori del potere politico e spirituale) permette di tracciare un quadro delle caratteristiche del ceto aristocratico toscano in una fase di forte mutamento sociale, economico e politico. Nucleo centrale della riflessione sarà l'indagine sulla nascita e l'affermazione dei poteri signorili e il conseguente sviluppo di un gruppo di officiali che esercitarono e gestirono in concreto tali poteri; si farà inoltre attenzione alla creazione di una più ampia clientela -al suo interno stratificata -comprendente sia gli officiali che ampi settori delle aristocrazie locali, in via di subordinazione e collegamento ai conti tramite legami clientelari fra cui fa la propria comparsa anche lo strumento feudo-vassallatico. Si tratta, insomma, dei primi decisivi passi di un processo che, fattosi più impetuoso nel XII secolo, culminò nella creazione della complessa struttura che fu la contea aldobrandesca. Le trasformazioni economiche e sociali del secolo XI esercitarono verosimilmente una forte pressione sugli Aldobrandeschi che, come altre casate comitali, furono sottoposti a tensioni potenzialmente disgreganti; la forte struttura dinastica, sviluppata nel secolo

In 1940, during renovation works at Palazzo Confalonieri in Verona, a hoard of 65 Venetian silver lire was unearthed, attributed to the doges Agostino Barbarigo and Leonardo Loredan. Now partly preserved in Mantua, the coins, dated between 1487 and 1508, bear witness to the circulation of the mocenigo, a hallmark of the Venetian mint. Their concealment, linked to the climate of insecurity during the War of the League of Cambrai, provides valuable insights into Verona’s economic and monetary history in the early sixteenth century

di Eliodoro Vagliviello L'articolo tratta di un XX nummi emesso e circolato durante il Ducato di Napoli e, a oggi, ancora di incerta attribuzione tra Stefano II (755-800) o Stefano III (818-832). Prendendo spunto dalla moneta, si ripercorre la storia del Ducato di Napoli, nonché le vicende che hanno riguardato l'apertura, risalente al 663, e l'ubicazione cittadina della zecca di Napoli sita nella Piazza detta ad Monetam, nel Rione Portanuova, ove, nel 763, Stefano II aveva una casa in enfiteusi per otto soldi d'oro l'anno. Introduzione Tra le monete più enigmatiche della monetazione napoletana vi è, senza dubbio, un bronzetto emesso durante gli anni del Ducato di Napoli, così identificato e catalogato:

Women played a significant part in tenth-century Rome, and the documentation makes them visible in a way rarely seen in early medieval sources. First examining the political agency of the foremost among them, women like Marozia and the Theophylact family senatrices, this paper also highlights the socioeconomic , legal and cultural role of many women of lower status. As donors, buyers and lessees, able to acquire property as well as to dispose of it within Roman law, their impact as part of a family group or in their own name becomes far more visible than either earlier or later. Over the last thirty years, there has been a considerable amount of work published on the structures, role, and wealth of the Roman aristocracy in the tenth century. Especially important in English are the studies of Chris Wickham and Hendrik Dey, and in Italian those of Federico Marazzi, Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri and Riccardo Santangeli Valenzani, as well as the older but still essential work of Pierre Toubert. 1 In addition

This paper considers points around teaching and learning law in the tenth century by reconsidering the function of Roman law citations. Three important canonical collections preserved Roman legal knowledge during the ninth century – the Lex romana canonice compta, the Excerpta Bobiensia and the Collectio Anselmo dedicata – and while evidence of their widespread circulation is limited, we do find some examples of their use in subsequent pastoral and canonical works. I examine one such example in a letter of Atto of Vercelli (episc. 924-961). In this letter, Atto cited Roman law, which he knew from a copy of the Collectio Anselmo dedicata in the Cathedral Library of Vercelli. Addressed to a certain Azo, bishop of Como, Atto's letter clarifies various points regarding the prohibition of marriage between a godchild and godparent.
I argue that Atto used Roman law and other secular law citations in the service of his pastoral agenda; he argued that secular and spiritual law when in agreement was the highest form of law. Thus, Atto’s purpose for citing secular law was a way to strengthen the principles of spiritual law and to show how spiritual law could reaffirm secular law. Atto’s letter draws attention to the ways in which some extraordinary individuals in the pre-Gregorian period understood and advanced the Roman legal tradition with the genuine canonical tradition of the Church, both of which were so intimately related.
This study also includes a preliminary examination of the Collectio Anselmo dedicata as preserved in the Vercelli codex (XV) in the Biblioteca capitolare, which was likely copied under Atto’s specific orders for episcopal use in the Vercelli Chapter Library.

Unhelpfully, the single most unambiguous sign of renewed economic activity after 750 is the huge wealth and artisanal sophistication found in S. Vincenzo al Volturno in the early ninth century; but S. Vincenzo was one of the remotest rural monasteries in Italy. (Wickham 2005: 651) S an Vincenzo has seemed unhelpful because virtually no other early medieval site in the Mediter- ranean has been excavated so extensively. Added to this, its size and wealth appear paradoxical, given its apparently remote location today but, as Ross Balzaretti observed (1999: 397): 'San Vincenzo will always be atypical, simply because nothing was built over the amazing remains'. In fact, as we have seen in this volume, the individual elements -buildings and activities -are hardly exceptional, being known from many different remaining churches and monasteries, as well as from written descriptions from the period. It is the fact that so many elements are assembled in one place within a changing monastic topography that makes San Vincenzo appear exceptional. This is the occasion to interpret these elements to shed new light on the political and economic circumstances of the region at this time. Located on a fertile plain, at the foot of several routes to the Mainarde mountains, San Vincenzo was well situated to exploit two different eco-systems (Fig. .1). This almost certainly explains the location of a significant settlement hereabouts in Samnite, Republican and Imperial Roman times. More to the point, as the mediterranean economy fractured in late antiquity, with the coasts losing contact with their mountainous hinterlands (Hodges 1993b), San Vincenzo retained its statusalbeit on a much reduced scale -as a central place. This later Roman settlement, Kim Bowes (2006: 298-303) recently has argued, served as the seat of a bishopric (cf. Barnish 1995; Balzaretti 1999: 398). Of course, this was no inland urban nucleus but quintessentially a rural community that almost certainly disappeared in the seventh century, as the political and demographic configurations of the Italian peninsula took an entirely new shape. Even so, it is important to stress that when the Lombard/Beneventan monks appropriated the ruins here, they were taking possession of a central place that had seen a millennium of more or less continuous history. Of no less significance to the Beneventan founding fathers must have been San Vincenzo's liminal position close to the northern frontier of the new dukedom (created in the later sixth century), and perhaps too its proximity to the Via Numicia that led from Rome to northern Apulia, passing about 4 km to the east. In the new spatial circumstances of eighth-century Italy, therefore, it was remote from a Beneventan aristocracy concentrated in the much reduced urban centres of the region (cf. Wickham 2005: 217-18), but not as remote, for example, as Monte Cassino, with which San Vincenzo is compared most often. Monte Cassino, after all, was located 10 km up a steep mountain above ancient Casinum, on the Via Casilina. Here had been a Samnite fortress and perhaps a Republican or early Imperial sanctuary, but the limitations of the hilltop inhibited the development of a settlement of San Vincenzo's proportions, or, indeed, the eventual establishment of a bishopric. Instead, Saint Benedict built his eremitic oratory there, which, so the later chronicle leads us to believe, eventually fell victim to a Lombard raid (traditionally in 581 or 584). Tellingly, it was monks from San Vincenzo in the early eighth century who helped refound Monte Cassino. From that moment onwards, both places have shared a common, intertwined history, invariably linked to the fortunes of their donors, and always, we may imagine, with an eye on the rhythm of circumstances in Rome to the north. Certainly Paul the Deacon, writing in the 790s, thought of 'the two monasteries as a pair' (Wickham 1995: 142), although by then Monte Cassino appears to have been winning far greater donations from the Beneventans (Wickham 1995: 142). Indeed, only the monastery of Santa Sofia at Benevento exceeded Monte Cassino in terms of Beneventan donations at this time. With Monte

Uno studio prosopografico sul gruppo parentale degli Unrochingi volto a indagare le carriere dei suoi esponenti nel conteste del secolo IX per capire meglio le origini della candidatura del marchese del Friuli Berengario I come re d'Italia dopo la deposizione di Carlo III,

This article presents a critical edition of what appears to
be the earliest redaction of the "Translatio" of the relics of St. Bartholomew
to Benevento, which was added to the final surviving folio of Cambridge,
Pembroke College, MS 91 in northern France between ca. 839 and ca. 850.
This incomplete text has been overlooked by scholars studying the cult of
St. Bartholomew in that city as well as related hagio graphic traditions. An
examination of the text allows us to reconsider not only the beginnings of
the cult in Lombard Benevento but also the role that Duke Sicard played
in the translation of Bartholomew’s relics there. The original account was
produced in 838–839, after the arrival of the saint’s body in Benevento and
prior to Sicard’s assassination, and communicated the perception of the new cult within his entourage. Unlike other known hagiographic texts related to this "Translatio" and produced in the wake of Sicard’s death, the earliest redaction presented him as a legitimate heir to the Roman imperial principes and laid claim to the Apostolic tradition of St. Bartholomew, which is here placed on an equal footing with that of St. Peter and St. Paul.

This article presents a critical edition of what appears to
be the earliest redaction of the Translatio of the relics of St. Bartholomew
to Benevento, which was added to the final surviving folio of Cambridge,
Pembroke College, MS 91 in northern France between ca. 839 and ca. 850.
This incomplete text has been overlooked by scholars studying the cult of
St. Bartholomew in that city as well as related hagio graphic traditions. An
examination of the text allows us to reconsider not only the beginnings of
the cult in Lombard Benevento but also the role that Duke Sicard played
in the translation of Bartholomew’s relics there. The original account was
produced in 838–839, after the arrival of the saint’s body in Benevento and
prior to Sicard’s assassination, and communicated the perception of the new
cult within his entourage. Unlike other known hagio graphic texts related
to this Translatio and produced in the wake of Sicard’s death, the earliest
redaction presented him as a legitimate heir to the Roman imperial princi-
pes and laid claim to the Apostolic tradition of St. Bartholomew, which is
here placed on an equal footing with that of St. Peter and St. Paul.

Предпринятое в книге изучение представлений о власти в меровингской Галлии позволило уточнить основные тенденции и периодизацию романо-германского синтеза. Благодаря анализу различных источников удалось показать: разнящееся восприятие раннесредневековыми авторами политических явлений совпадало в следующем. В этот период власть основывалась на согласии между правителями, знатью и церковной иерархией. С изменением исторической ситуации в агиографической литературе возник новый топос: короли приобрели сакральные функции покровителей церкви. При этом судебные протоколы зафиксировали важную трансформацию политической репрезентации франкских госуда рей. В период ослабления власти Меровинги сперва актуализиро вали собственную роль покровителей церкви, и лишь затем - судейскую функцию, присущую всем варварским правителям.

В этом исследовании показан особый характер раннесредневековых представлений о власти в королевстве франков, которые отличались от представлений Поздней Античности. В то же время они не представляли собой особой «варварской» (или «германской») альтернативы позднеантичным представлениям о власти, а были творческим развитием и адаптацией последних в контексте королевства франков. Стоит подчеркнуть также принципиальное отличие представлений о власти меровингской эпохи от представлений второго периода развития королевства франков под властью династии Каролингов. В частности, можно говорить о значительном сходстве представлений о власти эпохи Меровингов с представлениями, характерными для позднеантичной культуры римских провинций. Это сходство возникло как в результате культурной преемственности, так и в результате сознательной архаизации и подражания культуре римских провинций, составивших основу франкского королевства, представителями образованной элиты. Таким образом, королевство франков целесообразней рассматривать не как осевшее на римской почве племенное образование и не как союз франкских и галло-римских элементов. Образы королевства франков, созданные современниками, которые возникают перед нами в результате исследования исторических сочинений, агиографической литературы и судебных протоколов, представляли собой не «варварскую» или «римскую» (или же их синтез), а «провинциальную» систему представлений, одинаково понятную как галло-римлянам, так и меровингским правителям и их окружению. Таким образом, процесс романо-германского синтеза видится иначе — как слияние двух культур, у которых был общий знаменатель в виде «провинциальной» политической и правовой культуры. Варварские королевства занимали особое место в раннесредневековом историческом процессе — они были не только зародышем нового, средневекового порядка, но и особым феноменом, корни которого уходили в самосознание римского «пограничья», в особую, не до конца романизировавшуюся культуру римских провинций.

В этом исследовании показан особый характер раннесредневековых представлений о власти в королевстве франков, которые отличались от представлений Поздней Античности. В то же время они не представляли собой особой «варварской» (или «германской») альтернативы позднеантичным представлениям о власти, а были творческим развитием и адаптацией последних в контексте королевства франков. Стоит подчеркнуть также принципиальное отличие представлений о власти меровингской эпохи от представлений второго периода развития королевства франков под властью династии Каролингов. В частности, можно говорить о значительном сходстве представлений о власти эпохи Меровингов с представлениями, характерными для позднеантичной культуры римских провинций. Это сходство возникло как в результате культурной преемственности, так и в результате сознательной архаизации и подражания культуре римских провинций, составивших основу франкского королевства, представителями образованной элиты. Таким образом, королевство франков целесообразней рассматривать не как осевшее на римской почве племенное образование и не как союз франкских и галло-римских элементов. Образы королевства франков, созданные современниками, которые возникают перед нами в результате исследования исторических сочинений, агиографической литературы и судебных протоколов, представляли собой не «варварскую» или «римскую» (или же их синтез), а «провинциальную» систему представлений, одинаково понятную как галло-римлянам, так и меровингским правителям и их окружению. Таким образом, процесс романо-германского синтеза видится иначе — как слияние двух культур, у которых был общий знаменатель в виде «провинциальной» политической и правовой культуры. Варварские королевства занимали особое место в раннесредневековом историческом процессе — они были не только зародышем нового, средневекового порядка, но и особым феноменом, корни которого уходили в самосознание римского «пограничья», в особую, не до конца романизировавшуюся культуру римских провинций.

Предпринятое в книге изучение представлений о власти в меровингской Галлии позволило уточнить основные тенденции и периодизацию романо-германского синтеза. Благодаря анализу различных источников удалось показать: разнящееся восприятие раннесредневековыми авторами политических явлений совпадало в следующем. В этот период власть основывалась на согласии между правителями, знатью и церковной иерархией. С изменением исторической ситуации в агиографической литературе возник новый топос: короли приобрели сакральные функции покровителей церкви. При этом судебные протоколы зафиксировали важную трансформацию политической репрезентации франкских госуда рей. В период ослабления власти Меровинги сперва актуализиро вали собственную роль покровителей церкви, и лишь затем - судейскую функцию, присущую всем варварским правителям.

Un dialogo appassionato tra due storici di generazioni diverse che ripercorre mezzo secolo di medievistica europea, attraverso l’esperienza intellettuale e umana di Agostino Paravicini Bagliani. La conversazione con Pietro Silanos guida il lettore in un viaggio che intreccia memoria e riflessione intorno a temi che hanno segnato la ricerca  internazionale degli ultimi decenni e restituisce la ricchezza di un metodo di ricerca sviluppati in biblioteche di tutta l’Europa, in aule universitarie e sedi congressuali. Emerge il profilo di uno studioso “sorpreso dalla storia” di un Medioevo fatto di luci e ombre: dalla scoperta della curia papale e della sua cultura simbolica alla storia della natura e delle scienze medievali. Una sorpresa capace di innovare temi e strumenti interpretativi. Un libro che parla a chi ama la storia e vuole cogliere il valore del mestiere dello storico. Lasciarsi sorprendere dalla storia è il primo passo per comprenderla davvero.

The article examines the interaction of royal power and the church, reflected in the protocols of the royal court, created in the second half of the 7th – the early 8th centuries. The characteristics of court records as a historical source are given, the subject and the procedure of court proceedings are analyzed. Based on this analysis, an attempt was made to formulate what actions the parties expected from each other and what they could offer in return.

Abstract (Italiano).
Il presente contributo riguarda l’ultimo sessantennio del Regno vandalo in rapporto con la Sardegna. In questo periodo l’Isola è di piena pertinenza vandala e sembra pagare il tributo a Cartagine. Nonostante scarne testimonianze che suggeriscono una presenza germanica in Sardegna e lo stretto rapporto commerciale con il Nord Africa, si ritiene preferibile ritenere che i Vandali non occupassero capillarmente il territorio isolano.

Abstract (English).
This essay considers the last sixty years of the Vandal Kingdom in relation to Sardinia. In this period the island was completely under the control of the Vandals and seemed to pay tribute to Carthage. Despite scant evidence suggesting a Germanic presence in Sardinia and close commercial relationship with North Africa, it is preferable to believe that the Vandals did not occupy its whole territory.

O presente Relatório de Estágio Profissional I, II e III engloba a informação mais significativa ao longo do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar, iniciado em setembro de 2018 e terminado em fevereiro de 2019. Este Relatório está dividido em 4 capítulos. O primeiro capítulo é destinado aos Relatos de Estágio Profissional. São apresentados dez relatos da Prática Pedagógica, onde três deles são atividades realizadas por mim e as outras sete são atividades são observadas em diferentes faixas etárias. O segundo capítulo são apresentadas seis planificações de atividades realizadas por mim. Após a observação de cada planificação, descrevo como planifiquei a aula, os recursos que utilizei e por vezes as dificuldades que senti na realização da mesma. O terceiro capítulo apresenta os Dispositivos de Avaliação, onde refiro qual a importância da avaliação, e onde apresento três atividades realizadas com diferentes faixas etárias e uma análise dos mesmos. No quarto capítulo, apresento o projeto “Pr...

L’articolo analizza la tragedia umanistica De captivitate ducis Iacobi di Laudivio Zacchia, scritta nel 1465. L’opera tratta dell’uccisione del condottiero Iacopo Piccinino da parte del re di Napoli Ferdinando I. L’episodio suscitò scalpore nelle corti italiane, soprattutto a Ferrara: ciò dà a Zacchia l’opportunità di scrivere una tragedia che esalta la lungimiranza di Borso d’Este, descritto come protagonista. Il saggio spiega le strategie encomiastiche e ideologiche impiegate dal poeta e individua le motivazioni politiche della tragedia.

IT | La zecca medievale di Chiusi manca sino ad oggi di un contributo monografico approfondito che tenti di ricostruire il contesto storico della coniazione ed analizzi il campione, pur ridotto, degli esemplari reperibili. Nello studio si è tentato di ricostruire il contesto sociale ed economico di Chiusi tra il XIII ed il XIV secolo, periodo in cui nonostante la scarsità delle fonti indigene si delinea un profilo di relazioni politiche ed economiche tra la città e le altre realtà dell’Italia centrale. L’intervento si propone inoltre di condurre un’analisi puntuale dei pezzi noti alla data di oggi, nel tentativo di ricostruire almeno in parte la seriazione delle matrici monetali e di suddividere la produzione secondo una cronologia relativa, commentando infine i dati intrinseci delle monete, in considerazione delle misurazioni già pubblicate circa il tenore dei metalli e le misure ponderali.

EN | Up to now, the medieval mint of Chiusi has not been the subject of an in-depth monographic study that attempts to reconstruct the historical context of the coinage and to analyse the available, albeit small, sample of specimens. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the social and economic context of Chiusi between the 13th and 14th centuries, a period in which, despite the scarcity of local sources, a profile of the political and economic relations between the city and other entities in central Italy emerges. The article also aims to provide a detailed analysis of the pieces known to date, in an attempt to reconstruct, at least partially, the series of coin dies and to divide the production according to a relative chronology, while commenting on the intrinsic data of the coins, taking into account previously published measurements of metal content and weight.

Soprintendenza per i beni e le attività culturali, Ufficio beni archeologici; Giorgia Gentilini: architetto libero professionista. Con l'apertura del cantiere di restauro del complesso casa Gerloni in Piazza Duomo a Trento, la Soprintendenza per i Beni Culturali ha richiesto di integrare il progetto architettonico con lo studio morfologico-stratigrafico sulla ex casa-torre Bellesini. Si tratta di un edificio medievale a pianta quadrangolare alto 16 m. L'edificio insiste su strutture di età romana che sono state indagate nel fundo turris. Tra la fine del XII secolo e l'inizio del XIII secolo si cominciò a costruire la casa-torre (26 mq e spessore murario di circa 1 m). La conoscenza dei materiali attraverso le fasi costruttive e trasformative documentate sono stati sia strumento guida per il progetto di restauro sia occasione di aggiornamento delle fasi di evoluzione urbanistica della città. With the opening of the restoration works on the Gerloni complex in Piazza Duomo, Trento, the Superintendence for Cultural Heritage has requested the integration of the architectural project with a morphological-stratigraphic study of the former Bellesini house-tower. This is a medieval building with a rectangular plan, 16 meters high. The building stands on Roman structures that have been investigated in the fundo turris. Between the end of the 12th century and the beginning of the 13th century, construction of the house-tower began (26 sqm with a wall thickness of about 1 meter). The knowledge of materials through the documented construction and transformation phases has served as both a guiding tool for the restoration project and an opportunity to update the phases of the city's urban evolution. Trient forderte die Oberaufsichtsbehörde für das kulturelle Erbe, das architektonische Projekt durch eine morphologisch-stratigraphische Studie des ehemaligen Bellesini-Turmhauses zu ergänzen. Es handelt sich um ein mittelalterliches Gebäude mit viereckigem Grundriss und einer Höhe von 16 m. Das Gebäude ruht auf Strukturen aus römischer Zeit, die im Fundo Turris untersucht wurden. Zwischen dem Ende des 12. und dem Beginn des 13. Jahrhunderts begannen die Bauarbeiten an dem Turmhaus (26 m² und eine Wandstärke von ca. 1 m). Die Kenntnis der Materialien durch die dokumentierten Bau-und Umbauphasen war sowohl ein Leitfaden für das Restaurierungsprojekt als auch eine Möglichkeit, die Phasen der städtischen Entwicklung zu aktualisieren.

In Notiziario dell'Associazione Nobiliare Regionale Veneta n. 10, 2018. I sigilli del conte di Gorizia Enrico II, conservati a Vienna nell’Haus-, Hof- und
Staatsarchivs, fondo Karl von Sava, presentano una originale tecnica di rappresentazione grafica del colore e del metallo all’interno dell’arma gentilizia. L’esame di questi sigilli goriziani è utile anche nello studio delle monete prodotte a Treviso da Enrico II, durante il suo periodo di governo della città (1319-1323) in qualità di vicario imperiale.

DA TEBE A SAN SEVERO": UN TORNESE UNICO E INEDITO DELLA CONGIURA DEI BARONI POSTED BY: REDAZIONE 14 GIUGNO 2017 (di Realino Santone) | Come spesso accade, da sempre, le vendite all'incanto rappresentano delle vere e proprie "miniere numismatiche" dalle quali emergono, talvolta in modo del tutto inatteso, esemplari rarissimi se non unici, inediti che aggiungono alla nostra conoscenza della monetazione delle tessere preziose. Nella XLVII asta Artemide (che l'autore ringrazia per la concessione delle immagini) erano presenti ad esempio interessanti e rare monete del Centro e del Sud Italia e, tra queste ultime, è sicuramente da segnalare l'esemplare al lotto n. 510, un denaro tornese della zecca pugliese di San Severo (Fig. ) con legenda del dritto inedita.

L a moneta ha sempre rappresentato un'emanazione del potere attra-verso legende, icone, monogrammi, elementi grafici e immagini. La bibliografia numismatica annovera molte opere di studiosi che hanno contribuito con le loro ricerche a rendere più comprensibile il linguaggio della moneta. Ne cito solo alcuni:

di Realino Santone) | La monetazione medievale italiana riserva sempre nuove sorprese; ad esempio, dall'analisi di una serie di esemplari di monete aragonesi coniate nel regno di Regno di Napoli, in particolare i ben noti cavalli e le loro ribattiture, è emersa infatti una novità interessante. Fino ad ora, infatti, erano noti cavalli ribattuti a nome di Ferdinando II 1495-1496 (conii di Ferdinando I) e Federico III 1496-1501, su precedenti cavalli francesi di re Carlo VIII di varie officine monetare.

Angelus Senisius, a 14th-century Sicilian abbot and author of the Latin glossary known under the title "Declarus", employs expressions such as "qui vulgo dicitur" and similar phrases with limited precision. A word he labels as 'vernacular' may, in fact, be specifically Sicilian, more broadly Romance, or even Latin. In the latter case, the term might belong to medieval Latin, or – as has not been sufficiently clarified until now – to Vulgar Latin in the modern sense of the term (as transmitted through scholarly tradition from Late Antique sources), or simply be a form of 'common' Latin, as opposed to more erudite vocabulary.

pela coragem e acima de tudo pela confiança e persistência. Ao professor cooperante Fernando Amorim, que deu todo o apoio, entusiasmo e permitiu que o projeto fosse feito da forma que eu pretendia implementar. Aos (às) alunos (as) que estiveram envolvidos neste projeto pela disponibilidade sem reservas em participarem no mesmo. À minha colega de estágio Andreia Agostinho pelo apoio e vivência ao longo do período de estágio. Aos meus pais, por tudo. A todos os que fazem parte do mundo e o tornam melhor. Os dados recolhidos apontam para uma avaliação muito positiva na utilização da Banda Desenhada como recurso educativo no contexto de ensino em que o estudo foi realizado.

Su incarico della Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per il Comune di Roma (SABAP Roma) ho effettuato, tra l’agosto 2016 ed il maggio 2017, lo studio dei reperti numismatici, nonché di quelli in ferro e bronzo, recuperati nel corso dello scavo archeologico preventivo diretto dalla SABAP in via Cassia, 1421, località Castelluccia (RM).
Le attività d'indagine preventiva, dirette dal Funzionario territoriale dr.ssa Clementina Sforzini, sono state condotte sul campo tra il 2012 ed il 2013 dalla dr.ssa Francesca Romana Paolillo, che ne ha dato  comunicazione in BCAR 118 (2018), pp. 350-355.
Lo scavo ha consentito di rimettere in luce due aree archeologiche (NE e SO) in cui si è documentata una sequenza stratigrafica articolata in sei fasi di vita del sito, databili fra prima età imperiale a quella moderna.
L’indagine ha fornito dati utili alla conoscenza del territorio nel tratto di via Cassia compreso tra lo sbocco della via Trionfale ed il IX miglio, consentendo la scoperta di un edificio tardo antico di cui era prima sconosciuta l’esistenza, che doveva attestarsi lungo un percorso stradale basolato da identificarsi probabilmente con la stessa via Cassia.
La continuità di frequentazione del sito tra la tarda antichità e l’alto medioevo è testimoniata dalla presenza di alcune inumazioni realizzate in fosse tagliate negli strati di abbandono dell’edificio, mentre fosse di spoliazione e una calcara documentano il passaggio tra l’età altomedievale e quella bassomedievale.
Di particolare interesse, in un’area distinta dall’edificio, per il dato numerico, la stratigrafia interna e le caratteristiche degli individui è il contesto di inumazioni databile all’età altomedievale (XII-XIII secolo) deposto entro una fossa tagliata nell’invaso di un piccolo fossato. Il fossato costituiva il confine fra l’area della fossa funeraria ed il poggio su cui era ubicata la torre di avvistamento “delle Cornacchie”, posta a difesa del IX miglio della via Cassia (poi ridenominata Francigena dopo l’anno giubilare 1300).

L'attenta revisione della monetazione in argento del V secolo riserva numerosi spunti di riflessione e molte occasioni di approfondimento. Esiste ad esempio un accenno nel RIC X a una presunta emissione avvenuta presso la zecca di Nizza, nella Francia meridionale, al tempo di Costantino III (407-411), che merita a trent'anni dall'uscita del volume di Kent un approfondimento.