Direct Taxation

There are various ways to classify the processes taking place within a tax administration. The usual way is to make a distinction between main processes and supporting processes. The main processes of the DTCA follow from the core tasks, the business philosophy and the enforcement policy. The six processes, i.e. file management, levying, supervision of the execution of non-tax legislation, fraud detection, collection and service provision, are discussed in detail below. Separate attention is paid to dispute resolution and appeal procedures. In addition to the main processes, the DTCA distinguishes supporting processes. These are the processes that enable the organization to carry out the main processes. Examples of supporting processes include finance, accommodation, human resources, information and automation and research and development processes.

En este artículo se analiza la evolución seguida por la distribución funcional de la renta y los costes laborales unitarios de cara a justificar la viabilidad y la financiación de una reducción del tiempo de trabajo en Gipuzkoa. En el estudio de la distribución, se evalúa el efecto que la fiscalidad directa ha ejercido sobre las rentas procedentes de trabajo y las rentas de capital, de acuerdo a sus participaciones en el PIB y atendiendo al principio de equidad redistributiva. Los costes laborales unitarios se han calculado en términos reales, nominales y deflactados y se presentan los resultados desagregados en 38 sectores industriales. En el análisis se ha incluido el último ciclo expansivo de la economía (1995-2007) y los cinco primeros años de la recesión iniciada en 2008.

TIlls is a Working Paper and the author(s) would welcome any comments on the present text. Citations should refer to a Working Paper of the International Monetary Fund. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF.

Ortak pazarın oluşumunda ve işleyişinde mal ve hizmet bedelleri ile doğrudan ilişkili olan dolaylı vergiler açısından uyumlaştırma ve/veya yakınlaştırma çalışmalarına öncelik verilmiş ve bu konuda, Birlik içerisinde önemli adımlar atılmıştır. Ülkelerin ulusal egemenliklerinin en önemli unsurlarından telakki edilen vergilendirme yetkisi konusunda, uyumlaştırmalara yönelik çalışmalarda fikir birliği sağlamak ve ilerlemeler kaydetmek oldukça güç olmuştur. Ancak Birlik içerisinde vergileme alanındaki farklılıklardan doğan, rekabeti bozucu etkilerin ortadan kaldırılması amacı ile, uyumlaştırma ve/veya yakınlaştırmanın önemi günden güne daha çok hissedilmiş ve artmıştır. Çalışmamızda, Avrupa Birliği (AB) mevzuatı bağlamında, dolaylı vergiler kapsamında, Katma Değer Vergisi (KDV)'nde uyumlaştırma ve yakınlaştırma çalışmaları, Birlik fikrinin doğduğu tarihten günümüze, kronolojik olarak incelenmiş, geçirdiği aşamalar ve gelinen noktalar açıklanmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, genelde dolaylı vergilerde, özellikle de KDV'de, dolaysız vergilere nazaran daha başarılı ve daha yaygın bir uyumlaştırma ve/veya yakınlaştırma elde edilmiş olduğu vurgulanmaya ve yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır. İşbu süreç, 1957 yılından itibaren oluşturulmuş olup, günümüzde de halen sorunları çözümlemeye yönelik ve sürdürülebilir olarak işlemeye devam etmektedir.

Ortak pazarin olusumunda ve isleyisinde mal ve hizmet bedelleri ile dogrudan iliskili olan dolayli vergiler acisindan uyumlastirma ve/veya yakinlastirma calismalarina oncelik verilmis ve bu konuda, Birlik icerisinde onemli adimlar atilmistir. Ulkelerin ulusal egemenliklerinin en onemli unsurlarindan telakki edilen vergilendirme yetkisi konusunda, uyumlastirmalara yonelik calismalarda fikir birligi saglamak ve ilerlemeler kaydetmek oldukca guc olmustur. Ancak Birlik icerisinde vergileme alanindaki farkliliklardan dogan, rekabeti bozucu etkilerin ortadan kaldirilmasi amaci ile, uyumlastirma ve/veya yakinlastirmanin onemi gunden gune daha cok hissedilmis ve artmistir. Calismamizda, Avrupa Birligi (AB) mevzuati baglaminda, dolayli vergiler kapsaminda, Katma Deger Vergisi (KDV)’nde uyumlastirma ve yakinlastirma calismalari, Birlik fikrinin dogdugu tarihten gunumuze, kronolojik olarak incelenmis, gecirdigi asamalar ve gelinen noktalar aciklanmis ve degerlendirilmistir. Sonuc olarak, genel...

Previous analysis have found mixed results on the effects of flat taxes, in terms of efficiency, equity and tax complexity. After reviewing some of the main theoretical arguments that suggest that the political process plays a crucial role in shaping tax systems, we apply them to the case of flat taxes in Estonia.

Príspevok sa zaoberá príčinami vzniku certifikácie schválených hospodárskych subjektov ako novým javom v colných záležitostiach Európskej únie. Získavanie certifikátu AEO je sprevádzané množstvom požiadaviek a zisťovaní, ktoré sú pre žiadajúci hospodársky subjekt častokrát neprehľadné a nezrozumiteľné. Aj to je možnou príčinou pomerne malého množstva subjektov, ktoré toto osvedčenie získali v Českej i Slovenskej republike. Získanie takéhoto certifikátu je nesporným dôkazom kvality a spoľahlivosti daného hospodárskeho subjektu.This paper deals with reasons of Authorized Economic Operator certification uprising like a new effect in custom affairs of European Union. Obtaining of AEO certificate is followed with a lot of demands and detection what is often very blind and incomprehensible for asking economic subject. This is possible to be a reason of quietly little amount of subjects that have this certificate obtained in Czech and Slovak Republic. The obtaining of this certificate is u...

Croatia marked more than 20 years from the big tax reform in 1994, which set up foundations of market economy tax system. At the time, Croatia was the only country consistently implementing consumption-based taxation i.e. interest- adjusted personal and corporate income tax. Such tax system triggered the numerous debates among Croatian (and international) tax experts. Special contribution to such tax system and debates was implementation of the Allowance for Corporate Equity, i.e. “protective interest” (term used in Croatia). Main motive and goal of this paper is to explore current tax experts’ attitudes toward integral model of consumption- based direct taxation that was in force in Croatia between 1994-2000, and does those attitudes reflect current layout of the Croatian tax system. In the paper, we present the results of a broad expert opinion survey about the Croatian tax system with special emphasis on elements contributing to consumption- versus income-based concept debate. Th...

JT03418332 Complete document available on OLIS in its original format This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. ECO/WKP(2017)39 Unclassified English-Or. English ECO/WKP(2017)39 2 OECD Working Papers should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the author(s). Working Papers describe preliminary results or research in progress by the author(s) and are published to stimulate discussion on a broad range of issues on which the OECD works.

Apart from health care and education, it could be argued that working-age households with above-average income in the UK have never relied as much on the welfare state as their counterparts in many other European countries. How then do better-earning households expect to cope financially with the risk of unemployment, and to what extent do they plan ahead for a possible loss of earnings? Based on sixty-one interviews with couples, the article discusses various sources of income protection that these households envisage drawing upon in the event of unemployment. State benefits figure only marginally, private insurances to a limited extent and savings slightly more. However, there is little evidence of strategic planning. By contrast, many perceive their current job and personal employability as providing some security and regard the prospect of occupational redundancy pay as a major source of income protection. This finding contrasts sharply with a paucity of systematic information about the actual scope, quality and development of employer-based income security.

The article deals with the basic principles of impa ct of the European law on the law regulation of financial markets in conditions of Slovak republ ic. The aim is to mention on the selected principles of the European effect and to make a fra mework of them. In consideration of huge issue, the author as tried to approach only its spe cific questions suitable for discussion. Výsledkom integra čných procesov vychádzajúcich z princípu nadštátnost i bol vznik Európskej únie. Jednou z jej základných požiadaviek bola kreácia jednotného vnútorného trhu medzi členskými štátmi, ktorý je definovaný v Zmluve o zal ožení Európskeho spoločenstva ako oblas ť bez vnútorných hraníc, v ktorej je možný vo ľný pohyb tovarov, osôb, služieb a kapitálu. Významnou prioritou Európskej ú nie (ďalej len EÚ) bola a aj je integrácia európskych finan čných trhov, ktorej perspektívy rozvoja tvoria príno s rôznych výhod výrobcom, podnikom a spotrebite ľom. V danom integrovanom trhu má a bude ma ť výsostné postave...

In the ten year period of Mrs Thatcher's government, and especially over the last few years, there have been many changes to the tax and benefit system. In this short article we show how these changes have affected households in the UK. We performed a similar exercise in 1986, but this was before the recent large income tax cuts and national insurance and benefit reforms.' As before, the question we ask is: 'How much better or worse off are people now than they would have been had the tax and benefit system merely changed in line with retail price inflation since May 1979?'. To answer this we used data on incomes, expenditures and characteristics of the 7081 households in the 1984 Family Expenditure Survey (FES). This is a broadly representative sample of the UK population.2 The incomes and expenditures were uprated to current levels. We then used the IFS Tax and Benefit Model to calculate the changes in benefit entitlements and tax liabilities, and thus net incomes, between the current system and the system of 1979 uprated by the change in retail price^.^ This is perhaps a rather generous way of assessing *The authors are Research Officers at the institute for Fiscal Studies. They would like to thank Andrew Dilot,

Doctor en Dret. Catedràtic acreditat de Dret Financer i Tributari. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Doctora en Dret. Professora de Dret financer i tributari. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. L'encàrrec i la creació d'aquest material docent han estat coordinats per la professora:

The literature testing for aggregate impacts of taxes on long-run growth rates in the OECD has generally used tax rate measures constructed from macroeconomic aggregates such as tax revenues. These have a number of advantages but two major disadvantages: they are typically average, rather than marginal, rates, and are constructed from endogenous tax revenues. Theory predicts a number of responses to both average and marginal tax rates, but empirical analogues of the latter tend to be at the micro level. In addition though most OECD economies are best regarded as small open economies, previous macroeconomic tests of OECD tax-growth relationships have implicitly been based on closed-economy models, focusing on domestic tax rates. This paper explores the relevance of these two aspects-"macro average" versus "micro marginal" tax rates, and open economy dimensionsfor test of tax-growth effects in OECD countries. We use annual panel data on a number of average and marginal tax rate measures and find: (i) statistically small and/or non-robust effects of macro-based average tax rates on capital income and consumption but more evidence for average labor income tax effects; (ii) statistically robust GDP growth effects of modest size from changes in marginal income tax rates at both the personal and corporate levels; (iii) international tax competition, in which both domestic and foreign corporate tax rates play a role, is consistent with the data; (v) tax effects on GDP growth appear to operate largely via impacts on factor productivity rather than factor accumulation.

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. Global economic integration intensified tax competition and raised concerns about the resulting "race to the bottom", which could undermine public investment and social spending. The aim of this paper is to test predictions that (i) there is interdependence in CIT rate setting in Eastern Europe and that (ii) the recent CIT cut in Moldova may intensify tax competition in the region. It finds that there is indeed evidence that during 1995-2006 countries in Eastern Europe strategically responded to changes in CIT rates in the region and that Moldovan zero CIT is likely to encourage further cuts in CIT. The paper also discusses implications of tax competition for Eastern Europe and finds that FDI flows will not be much affected, tax revenues are likely to decline, the shift in the composition in tax revenue may increase economic efficiency, but decrease equity. Tax coordination, while difficult politically, could help stem further decline in corporate taxation, but any gains might be modest and not certain to exceed the costs of tax coordination. Without tax coordination, however, it is unclear what exactly could stop corporate taxes from falling further.

IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate. The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management.

Vergi yapısı benzemesine rağmen Avrupa Birliğinde vergi trendi Türkiye'den farklıdır. Zira Avrupa Birliğinde vergiler sadece türlerine göre değil, işletmeler ve ekonomi üzerindeki etkileri ve kamu maliyesi, kamu hizmetleri ve halkın geneli üzerindeki etkisi bakımından da tasnif edilmiştir. Ekonomilerin 1980'li yıllardan itibaren globalleşmesi ile birlikte sermaye hareketlerinin önündeki engeller bütün dünyada uyumlaştırılmıştır. Bu işbirliği hem doğrudan yatırımlar, hem de portföy yatırımları ile ilgilidir. Avrupa Birliği hem doğrudan hem de finansal yatırımlarla ilgili vergileri tespit ederek vergileri tarafsız hale getirme politikası izlemektedir. Bu vergilerin kurumlar vergisi ve menkul sermaye iradı gibi bir kısmı yatırımlarla doğrudan ilgili iken, servet vergileri ve muamele vergileri gibi diğer bir kısmı ise elde tutulan sermayeyi ile ilgilidir. Çalışmada bu konu Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye bakımından analiz edilmiştir.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.

The corporate income tax (CIT) systems in place in developing countries can potentially be contributors or impediments to their economic development. This is especially relevant in the SADC region that has a set agenda regarding regional integration goals (SADC, 2019). As part of economic integration, tax harmonisation benefiting all members through tax reform efforts is the central idea. Despite the importance of the topic, empirical literature remains scant, with Robinson (2005) being one of the few papers that directly models the determinants of CIT within SADC. This current paper is an attempt to revisit CIT determinants in the SADC region. With a larger data base at the disposal of the authors, existing empirical literature could be suitably updated. The sample period includes varying fortunes for developing countries in general and SADC specifically, namely, commodity booms and slumps following the global financial crises. Furthermore, given lower economic growth together with variable commodity prices since 2008, there is a concern that corporate tax revenue may continue to erode. A cross-section panel is utilised to find those factors that may best explain changes in corporate taxes in Southern Africa over time from 1980 to 2017.

In the last years, the European Union has been facing the challenge of combating fraud and tax evasion that has increased considerably, mainly because of the sophisticated legal instruments used by taxpayers. Given the urgency in strengthening the efficiency and the effectiveness of tax collection, the exchange of tax information between Member States is one of the main tools to achieve that goal. The exchange of tax information is one of the main tools for combating fraud and crossborder tax evasion and it is essential for the functioning of the EU internal market and to strengthen the effectiveness and the efficiency in tax collection.

This paper examines the tax structures of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries by focusing on the quality of governance and demographic changes as two influential factors in region's economies. The objective of is to determine whether these factors can explain ...

In this chapter, the author tries to suggest that social sciences can help the understanding of current critical socio-ecological dynamics. Social sciences have always been suspicious of idea that social phenomena can be investigated from a materialist point of view. Despite the idea that in every society there is a clearly determined group of phenomena separable from those that form the subject matter of other sciences of nature, this reflection suggests that social scientists developed significant analysis of the relationships between society and nature. Here the author tries to show that a social look could cast new lights upon the connections and interdependences between economic crisis and ecological crisis. The basic idea is that the decreasing natural fertility ofcapital is the cause of the decreasing global rate of profit of global economy and consequently the cause of theacceleration of new ways of nature appropriation, which can only deepen the current crisis.

V současném globalizovaném světě jsou možnosti jednotlivých suverénních států v daňové politice značně omezeny. Ta je často využívána k přilákání zahraničních investorů, kteří následně snižují nezaměstnanost a zvyšují domácí bohatství. Nicméně v posledních letech přišla na řadu otázka daňové konkurence. Ta se jevila jako problém i pro Evropskou unii (EU), která umožňuje volný pohyb zboží, kapitálu, pracovních sil a právo usazování. Jedním ze způsobů, jak se vyhnout tržním distorzím, je daňová harmonizace. To je důležitý aspekt zdůvodnění vysvětlujících snahy Evropské komise směrem k určitému stupni harmonizace zejména nepřímých daní v rámci členských států. Proto se zmíněná problematika stala jedním z hlavních úkolů tohoto uskupení. Daňová harmonizace, nebo alespoň její koordinace, je jedním z hlavních témat EU již od Římské smlouvy. A ačkoliv je občas odsunuta do pozadí, vždy se opět vynořuje na povrch, neboť je to téma prvořadého významu, které úzce souvisí se suverenitou jednotlivých členských států. Zejména ze strany Evropské komise je zaznamenána řada iniciativ, které usilují o harmonizaci daňových systémů. Protože však jednotlivé národní režimy nejsou identické, byly její snahy úspěšné pouze v některých oblastech. Cílem příspěvku je poskytnout souhrnný pohled na harmonizaci vybraných typů daní v rámci EU od jejího počátku po současnost, přičemž důraz bude kladen na využívání daňové harmonizace v boji proti ekonomické krizi. Text bude zaměřen zejména na seznámení se s oblastí nepřímých daní, jejichž harmonizace je dána Římskou smlouvou, a na korporátní daně, které představují nejvíce harmonizované přímé daně. Budou sumarizována hlavní východiska harmonizačního procesu a základní legislativní normy.

We investigate the relation between changes in tax composition and long-run economic growth using a new dataset covering a broad cross-section of countries with different income levels. We specifically consider 69 countries with at least 20 years of observations on total tax revenue during the period 1970-2009-21 highincome, 23 middle-income and 25 low-income countries. To our knowledge this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date dataset on tax composition and growth. We find that increasing income taxes while reducing consumption and property taxes is associated with slower growth over the long run. We also find that: (1) among income taxes, social security contributions and personal income taxes have a stronger negative association with growth than corporate income taxes; (2) a shift from income taxes to property taxes has a strong positive association with growth; and (3) a reduction in income taxes while increasing value added and sales taxes is also associated with faster growth.

This Staff Discussion Note represents the views of the authors and does not necessarily represent IMF views or IMF policy. The views expressed herein should be attributed to the authors and not to the IMF, its Executive Board, or its management. Staff Discussion Notes are published to elicit comments and to further debate.

The aim of this research is to identify the impact of tax incentives on FDI in the new Eastern European EU Member States. According to the results, while a country ́s general level of taxation conditions FDI, this is not the case with other partial dimensions of taxation commonly used in the literature. However, given that institutional quality affects FDI and tax revenues influence institutional quality, the overall effect of taxation on FDI is ambiguous. For low-institutional quality countries, a tax reduction can hinder FDI, while the opposite is true for high-institutional quality countries.

Taxation through its impact on entrepreneurial activity, the attraction of Foreign Direct Investments, as well as disposable income and savings can be a crucial factor for economic growth. In this context, the paper examines the role of taxation as a determinant of macroeconomic stabilization in the geopolitical area of SouthEastern Europe, thus the area of Europe, which was affected in a great extent by the global financial crisis with a time lag (3rd Quarter 2008). The analysis will be based on the presentation of the current institutional tax framework prevailing in SouthEastern European Countries and focusing on the countries of the last and upcoming European Enlargement (Bulgaria, Croatia). The conceptual analysis will be accompanied by an econometric model that will test empirically the statistical significance of tax revenues on GDP of these countries.

ÖZET: Günümüzde gelişmiş bir entegrasyon niteliği taşıyan Avrupa Birliği altı üye ile başladığı birliğine, çeşitli ülkelerin farklı zamanlarda katılımıyla, 2014 yılı itibariyle yirmi sekiz üye ile devam etmektedir. Üye sayısının fazlalığı aslında önemli bir olguya da dikkati çekmektedir. Buna göre, yirmi sekiz üye ülke sahibi olan entegrasyon, aynı zamanda yirmi sekiz farklı devlet sistemini belirli açılardan entegre etme gibi zor bir görevi de üstlenmiş demektir. Avrupa Birliği devletlerarası ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel alanda mümkün olan en yakın ilişkileri sağlama açısından da önemli bir çaba göstermektedir. Şüphesiz bu birleşim üye ülkelerin vergi mevzuatı ve vergi sistemlerinin birbiriyle uyumlaşmasını da gerektirmektedir. Bu bağlamda ülkeler ister üye ister aday konumda olsun raporlar ile gözlem altında tutulmaktadırlar. Buna göre Türkiye de Avrupa Birliği ile olan ilişkilerinde "İlerleme Raporları" kapsamında çeşitli yönlerden değerlendirilmeye tabi tutulmaktadır. Ça...

There is a widespread concern that, in some parts of the world, governments are unable to exercise effective authority. When governments fail, more sinister forces thrive: warlords, arms smugglers, narcotics enterprises, kidnap gangs, terrorist networks, armed militias. Why do governments fail? This book explores an old idea that has returned to prominence: that authority, effectiveness, accountability and responsiveness is closely related to the ways in which governments are financed. It matters that governments tax their citizens rather than live from oil revenues and foreign aid, and it matters how they tax them. Taxation stimulates demands for representation, and an effective revenue authority is the central pillar of state capacity. Using case studies from Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America, this book presents and evaluates these arguments, updates theories derived from European history in the light of conditions in contemporary poorer countries, and draws conclusions for policy-makers.

The literature is addressed by tax competition to attract capital and the measures taken in this regard. These measures aim, in most cases, reducing tax rates. Most authors, especially the classics, believes that this reduction creates an underprovision of goods and services and addresses the problem in terms of their level. Very few scholars have revealed that this race to the bottom lead to a different structure in delivering public services. Thus, from the idea of Keen-Marchand (1997), this paper addresses this issue, using as basic data in the Romanian economy, through a regression model. The analysis results show that the race to reduce the tax burden, in which Romania joined in the impact of tax competition, leads to an underprovision welfare services aimed directly at a taxpayer and those aimed at infrastructure overprovision.

In Europe, declining corporate tax rates have come along with rising tax-to-GDP ratios. This paper explores to what extent income shifting from the personal to the corporate tax base can explain these diverging developments. We exploit a panel of European data on firm births and legal form of business to analyze income shifting via increased entrepreneurship and incorporation. The results suggest that lower corporate taxes exert an ambiguous effect on entrepreneurship. The effect on incorporation is significant and large. It implies that the revenue effects of lower corporate tax rates – possibly induced by tax competition -- partly show up in lower personal tax revenues rather than lower corporate tax revenues. Simulations suggest that between 10% and 17% of corporate tax revenue can be attributed to income shifting. Income shifting is found to have raised the corporate tax-to-GDP ratio by some 0.2%-points since the early 1990s.

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper provides an updated overview of tax incentives for business investment. It begins by noting that tax competition is likely to be a major force driving countries' tax reforms, and discusses tax incentives as a possible response to this. This is complemented by other arguments for and against tax incentives, and by an illustrative analysis of different incentives using effective tax rates. Findings from the empirical literature on tax incentives are also presented. Based on the overview of theoretical and empirical findings, the paper then suggests a matrix of criteria to determine the usefulness of different tax incentives depending on a country's circumstances.

In this study we make an analysis of the major aspects concerning the tax policy in the EU countries. For revealing a global image on tax policy within the EU we have to consider in our analysis the overall tax burden, the structure of tax revenues (direct taxation, indirect taxation, social contributions) and the main types of taxes: corporate tax, personal tax, consumption tax. This article is based on a dynamic analysis of taxation using as a main tools descriptive and empirical analysis. The empirical study tries to determinate the correlation between tax burden and the implicit tax rate on capital and business income, consumption and labor through the panel methodology. This analysis is based the data delivered by the EUROSTAT. The main results obtained from the empirical study is that there are major differences concerning the correlation between total taxes as percentage of GDP and the implicit tax rate of profit, consumption and labor.

The purpose of this chapter is to review the latest developments in corporate income tax (CIT) focusing on its international aspects and associated distortions. In this endeavor, the chapter draws on evidence provided by the leading tax experts as well as on the profound and rigorous research produced by academia. This chapter examines and synthesizes research on tax competition, relationship between tax rates and foreign direct investment (FDI), and tax avoidance as a result of differential tax regimes. Trends in the development of CIT are discerned using statistical data provided by OECD and European Commission. Numerous studies done on global, regional, and country-specific datasets support the premise that indeed tax competition for capital exists though the magnitude of effects varies. There is also enough evidence that tax avoidance and evasion through base erosion and profit shifting persist for some time and may be on the rise.

The aim of the paper is to show the relevance of nexus between tax forms and economic growth and how they affect on gross domestic product in Serbia for the period 2006-2015. The impact is manifested through the analysis of three main tax forms: personal income tax (PIT), corporate income tax (CIT) and value-added tax (VAT) and their effect on the macroeconomic indicator as gross domestic product (GDP). The analysis is for a period of ten years in Serbia, where the regression model is constructed so that the GDP is defined as the dependent variable, while the tax forms are set as independent variables. To ensure correctly specified regression model, authors used the next test: VIF test, BP and BPG test, as well as Ramsey reset test. Results show a high degree of positive correlation between the observed variables and the positive impact of the personal income tax, corporate income tax and value-added tax on the gross domestic product, but it is only the impact of value added tax sta...

The aim of the paper is to show the relevance of nexus between tax forms and economic growth and how they affect on gross domestic product in Serbia for the period 2006-2015. The impact is manifested through the analysis of three main tax forms: personal income tax (PIT), corporate income tax (CIT) and value-added tax (VAT) and their effect on the macroeconomic indicator as gross domestic product (GDP). The analysis is for a period of ten years in Serbia, where the regression model is constructed so that the GDP is defined as the dependent variable, while the tax forms are set as independent variables. To ensure correctly specified regression model, authors used the next test: VIF test, BP and BPG test, as well as Ramsey reset test. Results show a high degree of positive correlation between the observed variables and the positive impact of the personal income tax, corporate income tax and value-added tax on the gross domestic product, but it is only the impact of value added tax sta...

draft, comments welcomed Accession of new member states with lower corporate taxation has raised fears on tax competition within enlarged Europe. This paper addresses the issue by calculating effective tax rates and showing relative tax burden in the new and old member states. Then, the issue of tax competition and its effects on investment is examined indirectly by looking at the responsiveness of FDIs to effective taxation. The panel data is analyzed with investors from old member states and EU-8 as receiving countries. The study does not find strong evidence that comparative tax advantage of the new member states expressed by lower statutory and effective corporate tax rates influences the location of FDI coming from EU-15.