Cymraeg - the Welsh language

Fodd bynnag, yng Ngholofn y Merched ym mhapur Plaid Cymru, Y Ddraig Goch, yn 1929, â Kate Roberts ati i ddarlunio Ysgol Haf Machynlleth yn 1976, gan fentro i diroedd dyfodolaidd am yr ail dro. Ar yr olwg gyntaf, nid yw'r Ysgol Haf ffuglennol yn wahanol iawn i'r hyn a ddisgwyliem, er ei bod hi bellach, yn 1976, yn dathlu hanner can mlwyddiant ers yr Ysgol Haf gyntaf. 23 Gwelwn yr un wynebau cyfarwydd, sef Lewis Valentine a D. J. Williams, 'er eu bod ill dau mewn gwth o oedran,' 24 a chyfeirir hefyd at Saunders Lewis, sydd bellach yn llywydd y Blaid ac yn llywydd y Wladwriaeth yn y Gymru Rydd a ddarlunia Kate Roberts. Yn y stori, nodir, mai 1970 yw'r 'flwyddyn fythgofiadwy pan gafodd Cymru ei Senedd ei hunan,' 25 a gwelwn, bellach, mai dod ynghyd i ddathlu'r fuddugoliaeth honno yw pwrpas yr Ysgol Haf, yn hytrach na mynd ati i gynllwynio a chyflwyno tactegau gwleidyddol. Mae yna naws lawer mwy cartrefol i'r Ysgol Haf hon yn y dyfodol. 'Nid oedd papurau na darlithiau i fod yn yr Ysgol Haf hon. Dyfod yma i adrodd profiadau ac i siarad atgofion yr oedd pawb.' 26 Â Lewis Valentine a D. J. Williams ati i rannu eu profiadau, ac maen nhw ill dau yn cyfeirio at y 1920au fel cyfnod cymharol lwm yng nghyd-destun cefnogaeth i Blaid Cymru. Disgrifir y cyfnod gan Lewis Valentine fel 'dyddiau drain mwyaduron [sic] diffrwyth a phryfed llwydion,' 27 ond bod y Blaid wedi ffynnu ers hynny. Yn yr un modd, cymhara D. J. Williams y Blaid i fochyn 'nad oedd dim byd yn likely yndo [sic],' 28 a dyfodd maes o law yn fochyn cryf. Mae Kate Roberts yn darogan bod dyfodol addawol iawn i'r Blaid, er bod pethau'n edrych yn ddiobaith ar y pryd.

Cynhadledd Myrddin / The Welsh Merlin Conference

A paper detailing the 'additional' stanzas to 'Merlin's Woes' ('Oianau Myrddin') found in later manuscript copies. These are the stanzas that are not found in the oldest and longest copy, the Black Book of Carmarthen.

This research stems from the poem's new edition, created for merlinpoetry.wales.

Gwelir cynnydd sylweddol yng nghyfraddau Anhwylder Diffyg Canolbwyntio a Gorfywiogrwydd (ADCG) mewn dosbarthiadau yn ystod y blynyddoedd diwethaf. Mewn llenyddiaeth, cydnabyddir arwyddocâd agweddau athrawon tuag at ADCG wrth iddynt wneud penderfyniadau am atgyfeirio ac ymyrraeth (Anderson et al., 2012) a sut mae eu hagweddau yn effeithio ar ymddygiad a chanlyniadau disgyblion (Rush a Harrison 2008). Mae angen i athrawon ddarparu cefnogaeth i'r plant yma ond yn aml, teimlant yn amwys tuag at ADCG oherwydd diffyg gwybodaeth ddigonol (Alkahtani 2013), gwybodaeth anghyson ynghylch yr anhwylder (Dryer, Kiernan a Tyson 2013), gwahanol ddisgwyliadau diwylliannol (Moon 2012) a systemau addysgol (Timimi a Radcliffe 2005). Mae'r papur hwn yn darparu adolygiad o'r llenyddiaeth ynghylch agweddau athrawon tuag at ADCG, yn archwilio cyfyngiadau yn y llenyddiaeth gyfredol a'r pryderon ynghylch mesur agweddau athrawon tuag at ADCG. Mae'r papur yn gorffen gydag argymhellion ar gyfer y dyfodol.

Survey of the nominal derivation in Proto-Tocharian, on the basis of the two Tocharian (A and B) languages. Focus on several categories: avatars of the PIE *-wer/n- stems, reflexes of the *-men- and *-mon- types, reflexes of the liquid, *-(e/o)l- suffix in simple and complex forms ; primary adjectives (especially Caland adjectives) and secondary adjectives.

The paper assigns, in a ‘pointillistic’ structural profile, narrative functions to dyma and dyna, formal presentatives, in syntactic detail and macrosyntactic patterning, on the database of Kate Roberts’s short stories and novellas.1 The extensive distribution and rich functional range of these elements matches their formal complexity and narratological significance. This presentative pair, expanded by verbal, substantival or pronominal presentates, form six narrative tenses, distinct formally and functionally, in complex interplay with their environment. In fact, however, dyma and dyna comprise doubly two homonyms: dyma/ dyna presentatives, and dyma/dyna referential pronouns, typically rhematic or focal. Following a descriptive breakdown of the syntactic properties of the presentatives, the Presentative Narrative Tenses (PNTs) I to VI are discussed. Functionally striking and statistically prevalent is (PNT I) # dyma + noun phrase/personal pronoun + yn-converb2#, where we encounter ...

In this paper we suggest that understandings of social and cultural recomposition in areas of rural Wales need to consider issues of interacting and competing identities. We explore notions of cultural identity, change, and conflict in four areas of rural Wales, based on recent research involving interviews with around 1000 households. Attention is focused on the interplay between different scales of identity constructs: national-scale constructs of English and Welsh identities; regional constructs of Welsh identity; and more localised identity constructs. In the context of the first of these identity constructs, we consider Cohen's notions of significant ‘others’ and symbolic boundaries as a means of understanding processes of English in-movement to areas of the Welsh countryside.

O livro contém onze estórias que combinam magia, duelos, feras terríveis e cavaleiros medievais em narrativas que exploram desde os mitos "célticos" galeses mais antigos até os primeiros relatos das aventuras do rei Artur.

Traduzido diretamente do galês médio e com ilustrações de Alan Lee, este livro é parte de Feéria, uma coleção que apresenta narrativas únicas para mergulhar na literatura de fantasia.

What does it mean for waters, places, and people to resist their absorption by the expansive logics of capital and the state? This paper interrogates the politics of unabsorbed life and matter through the case of the Tryweryn valley in North Wales, whose flooding to create a reservoir supplying Liverpool entailed the drowning of the Welsh-speaking village of Capel Celyn in 1965. This became a touchstone in Welsh cultural memory and British hydropolitics, but its relevance extends far beyond, revealing the enduring mobilities of water, resistance, and memory, leaking across times and geographies. Focusing on three key moments of activism-the 1956 'Hands Off Tryweryn' march, the militant campaign of bombings and sabotage in the 1960s, and the creation and persistence of the 'Cofiwch Dryweryn' ('Remember Tryweryn') mural-I trace the mobilisation of water's meanings and materialities to contest the extractive logics behind the reservoir. Following Raymond Williams' statement that such movements emerged from 'unabsorbed' places and subjects, I take seriously this aqueous framing of incorporation (or not) by capital and the state, to ask how the Tryweryn campaigns expressed the 'politics of the unabsorbed', extending this through a political-ecological framework informed by Deleuze and Guattari's theory of assemblage. In addition to its close analysis of the case, and its demonstration of water as a constitutive feature of political formations, the article therefore contributes a novel framework for analysing and evaluating territorial resistance politics, as complex, open processes centred on dismantling the material and poetic assemblages of absorption. The seasonal reappearance of Capel Celyn's ruins in drought-stricken summers reveals that absorption is never total. As climate crisis redraws global hydrosocial relations, Tryweryn's waters continue to unsettle, resonating beyond their local context, and offering both a warning and a resource for imagining solidarity in a drowning world.

In 2016, the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues reported that 40%, or 2680, of the world’s languages were at risk of extinction. Research estimates that one language is “lost” every 1-3 months (Bromham et al. 2022), most of them Indigenous languages. However, languages do not disappear, become extinct, or die “naturally”. Although languages always change over time, mass language shift, endangerment, or “death” is not natural, nor is it inevitable (May 2012). Languages are endangered and threatened due to unequal sociopolitical structures, violent and discriminatory processes, and, in many cases, genocide. In this bilingual (Scottish Gaelic and English) paper, I will illustrate some of the reasons for the decline of Scottish Gaelic, an Indigenous language in Scotland. I will discuss the state of Gaelic as an endangered language and then demonstrate how language revitalization and community self-determination can address loss of speaker confidence, self-worth, and intergenerational trauma.

Feumaidh mi taing mhòr dhà-rìribh a thoirt do na stiùirichean agam, Sheila Kidd agus Màrtainn MacGriogair. Bhon fhìor thoiseach, tha iad air mo shìor bhrosnachadh agus foighidinn gun abhsadh a shealltainn dhomh. Agus mo bhuidheachas cuideachd do Michel Byrne agus Rob Dunbar airson an comhairle thuigseach. Cha b' urrainn dhomh a bhith air fianais dheatamach a thrusadh mura b' e cuideachadh nan daoine a leanas: Caroline Milligan ann an Sgoil-Eòlais na h-Alba; Anna Nic a' Ghoill agus Neil Woodrow aig Ionad Chaluim Chille Ìle; luchd-obrach Taigh-tasgaidh Ìle; a thuilleadh air luchd-obrach Leabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba. Fhuair mi sgoilearachd fhialaidh bho Urras Charnegie a thug an cothrom dhomh an rannsachadh seo a dhèanamh. Tha mo chompanach, Beth, air taic a chur rium air gach ceum is cnap-starra air an t-slighe. 'S ann do na h-Ìlich ris an do bhruidhinn mi a tha an obair seo. Bha e na thlachd agus na urram coinneachadh riubh. 'Cailin dubh á Eorabu, Cailin donn an Carrabus, Cailin chridheil Uisge 'an t-Suidhe, Luisrichean na Carraige Duibhe, 'S Pioraitean Charàinne.' (Ibid.

This document serves as a conceptual breakdown of the Complete Voynich Interpretation Thesis authored by Erydir and Lumos, available in full on their profile. It summarizes and expands on core symbolic and linguistic ideas explored in the original work, which proposed a Brythonic-rooted decryption framework grounded in Welsh language constructs, Druidic cosmology, and symbolic transformation.

Rather than approaching the Voynich Manuscript with cipher-decoding or linguistic substitution, the thesis treats the glyphs as ideograms—symbolic containers tied to themes such as Trawsnewid (transformation), Cylch (cycle), Seren Frenhinol (Royal Star), and Ceisiwr (the seeker). This companion document was co-developed using Gemini AI and reflects an independent synthesis of the thesis' ideas to aid broader understanding.

A full side-by-side symbolic translation will be included alongside this breakdown to assist future researchers and linguists in following the interpretative model. Together, these works aim to bridge esoteric and academic perspectives in the ongoing mystery of the Voynich Manuscript.

This article offers a very brief overview over the situation of the minority languages in the UK. At first glance, it looks as if there was successful revitalisation of all the minority languages in the UK save Welsh. However, a closer look reveals that there is a great deal of language planning for the Celtic languages, in particular, but little work on and with the languages themselves, e.g. standardisation and their dissemination and implementation outside school environment; a situation that is in no way cured by dreams about IT/AI.

The verbal noun in the modern, currently spoken p-Celtic language Welsh is of a different nature than any other word class known in Standard Average European Languages (SAEs), to which the Insular Celtic tongues do not belong. This subject has occasionally attracted attention. Welsh language grammars clearly identify a berfenw 'verb noun', which Thomas (1996, p. 28) calls a citation form with no specific person or time allocation. However, non-Welsh descriptions of the verbal noun tend to trigger confusion by allocating varied SAE terms to it, like 'verb noun infinitives' (Myhill, 1985), 'verbal noun infinitives' (Carnie & Guilfoyle, 2000, p. 10), 'infinitives' (Borsley et al., 2007, p. 70), and 'non-finite verb(al) forms' (Sackmann, 2022, p. 2), most of them belittling the prominent nominal functions of this word class. Coming from a historical perspective, Scherschel et al. (2018) call the Welsh verbal noun an 'event noun', which seems more appropriate, as is shown in this paper, in which a detailed analysis of the major features of this Welsh word class is carried out.

The medieval Welsh Pwyll y Pader (‘The Meaning of the Lord’s Prayer’) is a short tract of basic religious instruction and edification. It discusses the seven petitions of the Lord’s Prayer in relation to the seven vices or deadly sins, the seven virtues, the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, and the seven beatitudes. It claims the authority of Hugh of Saint-Victor, an Augustinian canon regular of the Abbey Saint-Victor in Paris and a prolific writer and influential theologian.

This book provides a detailed and focused study of Pwyll y Pader, its language, manuscripts, and the issue of its sources and analogues. The authors advance the hypothesis that the source of the Welsh translation was a self-contained Latin tract on the Lord’s Prayer derived from the Speculum ecclesiae. The second part of the volume constitutes a detailed analysis of the Welsh text from a philological perspective.

The NEOLOGOS project is a speech databases creation project for the French language, resulting from a collaboration between French universities and industrial companies, and supported by the French Ministry for Research. The goal of NEOLOGOS is to create new kinds of speech databases: firstly, a 1000 speakers telephone database of children's voices, called PAIDIALOGOS, following the SpeechDat guidelines with some adaptations to the context of children speakers; secondly, a 200 speakers telephone database of adult voices, called IDIOLOGOS, with a new special design to provide adequate data for very fast adaptation techniques and for ASR systems making use of speakers characteristics.

A peculiarity of V2 in Middle Welsh is the morphosyntactic marking of fronted constituents in positive declarative main clauses (PDMCs) using preverbal particles: a for subjects or direct objects and y(d) for adverbial or prepositional phrases. Unlike other medieval V2 languages which subsequently lost V2 and developed SVO, such as English and French, Welsh became VSO. In a formal analysis of the loss of V2 in Welsh, Willis (1998) argues that a widespread loss of both preverbal particles in the 16th century through phonological erosion was a key factor in the change, though does not provide corroborative quantitative data. Based on a corpus study of Early Modern Welsh (c.1550-c.1750), the present article shows that there is no evidence of a widespread loss of the preverbal particles a and y(d) by the end of the 16 th century, only a partial and gradual decline in their use over a longer, more than two century period. There does seem, however, to be a link between the change in use and partial omission of y(d) after fronted adverbial or prepositional phrases and the increase in use in Early Modern Welsh of a specific V1 construction, Absolute V1, where a finite verb comes in absolute-initial position in a PDMC. * I acknowledge the financial support of the Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (research core funding n°P6-0265). I am grateful to two anonymous peer reviewers as well as Erich Poppe who provided very detailed and helpful feedback on a draft version of this article, to Joel Wallenburg for helpful discussions on the graphical presentation of quantitative data and to David Willis for extensive discussions of the topic over the years.

Having worked extensively on nineteenth-century French-language travelogues on both Wales and Brittany, I am now interested in minority-language travel writing. This paper will discuss Welsh travelogues about Brittany, a fellow ‘minority’ or ‘peripheral’ culture that is closely connected to it linguistically. Scholarly work on travel writing on mainstream languages - typically French or English - has emphasized the way travelogues portray the Other, paying attention to issues such as language barriers, the muteness of the observed and colonialist attitudes. Rather than focus on how travel writing deals with difference, my research on minority-to-minority travel writing investigates how these texts deal with similarity and sameness. Analysis of travelogues by Edwards, Bebb and Dyfnallt will demonstrate that on one level these writers privilege moments of linguistic, cultural or environmental similarity (notably the motif of mutual understanding between Breton- and Welsh-speakers). The links and solidarity between Wales and Brittany over the past two centuries, reflected in these travelogues, and backed up by archival documents, certainly show that ‘peripheral’ or ‘minoritised’ cultures can do more than merely talk back to the centre. But I also question how far it is possible for a minority culture to bypass the centre which has caused it to be a ‘periphery’, or, to put it another way, whether it is possible for outputs in a minority language to remain unmarked by the hegemonic culture that has been responsible for its minoritization.  Ultimately, I argue that while Welsh perspectives on Brittany can indeed be radically different from French ones, the Britishness and Protestantism of the Welsh can also come to the fore and influence the portrayal of this culture that is both similar and Other.

This paper examines the relation between Wittgenstein's philosophy of language and its implications for the Welsh cultural-linguistic identity as articulated by nationalist intellectuals whose work was the central ideological undercurrent driving 20th century Welsh nationalism. The Welsh case presents a philosophically and socio-culturally interesting case study of a systematic, densely concentrated, and salient expression of the importance of cultural roots, linguistic vitality, and the interpenetration of land and language which drew extensively on human geography, anthropology, philosophy, and economic and political thought. The paper assimilates these and argues that Wittgenstein's philosophy of language, which found a particular and socially engaged expression within the 'Swansea School', can be used to rationally justify and restate the relevance of the cultural-linguistic link and communitarianism which were foundational in the nationalist drive.

The installation 'After the Taking of Tea' consists of over 250 pieces of ready-made tableware. It presents multiple groupings of china ware on which the imagery plays with notions of tea and teatime, its historical importance in polite society and its contemporary role in which formality for the most part has been overturned. The women make an appearance to playfully defy historical conventions. They stand on teapots, use tea sieves as mirrors and microphones, and nonchalantly walk across or rest upon the surfaces of tea crockery. The colour, use of gold and ornamentation is informed by the grand salons of the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The texts appear around some of the edges of the ware, as incidental notes that reference literature, politics and the economics of tea. The imagery on each piece of ware is hand cut with a scalpel blade using screen screened and digitally made enamel ceramic transfers that are then fired. The installation is the most ambitious to da...

An Interview with Dave Hill, a revolutionary socialist in the Labour Party in the 1980s and again involved in Labour in the course of the Corbyn movement

Dave Hill lives in Brighton and is on the national organizing committee of the Labor Left Alliance. He is a revolutionary Marxist and a member of the Fourth International. He joined the Labour Party when he was 16 in 1961 and became a councillor on Brighton Borough Council , and then East Sussex County Council, as Leader of the Labour Councillors. He left the party in 2005 after “New Labour” under Blair supported the Iraq war and privatisations. He rejoined Labour in 2015 to support the Corbyn movement in its attempt to transform the party. In between, outside of Labour, Dave ran as a candidate for TUSC, the Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition, in the 2010 and 2015 general elections in Brighton. He's been a lifelong trade union activist, including being a shop steward / union rep for a university for a decade, and worked as a professor at different universities in Chelmsford, London and Athens.

Could you first of all describe for us the situation when Corbyn was elected? On the one side, hundreds of thousands, mainly young people, flooded the Labour Party at that time. On the other side, their active participation in the party was somewhat limited. Would it be correct to speak about the surge into the Labor Party or/and Momentum as an "internet phenomenon"? Was it more of an internet-based, loose engagement, but with a lack of organizing and fighting?

A partir de la lectura del llibre "Enaigats", editat per Edicions Sidillà el 2020, escrit per Xavier Cortadellas, vam fer un estudi de les possibles etimologies del conjunt de rius, rieres, fonts i altres elementes aquàtics situats a l'Empordà. Aquestes etimologies estan cercades a partir del prisma de les llengües germàniques, sobretot pel que fa la llengua gothica. Les solucions aporten una correspondència molt gran entre el paisatge I el significat dels noms atorgats per la seva gent.

This paper looks at some of the ways in which the highest titles, of which there are many, are used in the praise-poetry to Rhys ap Gruffudd, prince of Deheubarth (d. 1197), and how the poets’ use of these terms possibly made public his claims to land for the prince’s next campaigns or exhorted him to campaign further and expand his power, and how these may have been the blueprint for the later ideas around kingship and dominion expressed by the later Llywelyns of Gwynedd.

Even though English and Bangla are geographically at an oceanic distance, the two languages have a genealogical connection. As members of the Indo-European (IE) language family, both the languages share some common features in the domains of lexis, grammar and morphology. At the same time, they have some dissimilar properties as well. The major purpose of this paper is to conduct a comaparative study on the formation of diminutives in English and Bangla. The processes of diminutive formation, in the parlance of linguistics, are known as diminutivization. 'Diminutive' literally means 'smallness'. Precisely speaking, it means 'small counterparts of the standard'. Diminutives have a variety of shades in terms of meanings. They can refer to intimacy, familiarity, contempt etc. This paper explores the procedures of the formation of diminutives in English and Bangla. Affixation and compounding are among two frequently used word formation processes employed by the E...

Despite devolution, the United Kingdom possesses no mechanism to represent its four nations at the state level. Consequently, some peripheral actors use their state representative positions to 'stand up' for Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland. This paper explores this paradox by focussing on the descriptive and substantive representation of Wales in the Commons and the Cabinet between 1945 and 2019. We demonstrate that only one-third of Welsh backbenchers still adopt a role of 'regional ambassador' and that Welsh ministers tend to adopt the role of 'state agent'. This research ratifies the radical disconnection between central and sub-state politics since devolution.

Little consideration has been given to the considerable settlement of Scotland north of the Antonine Wall by the Cymry. Likewise scant account has been taken of the incompatibility of the normally held view for the arrival of the Cymry in Britain (usually assumed to be 1000-800 BC) and the development of P-Celtic in the Austrian Alps (usually assumed to be c700BC). This paper seeks to show the widespread settlement of Cymry in Scotland as part of focussing on the problem mentioned. The discussion also serves as a basis for analysing the maximum range of the Kingdom of Manau in Central Scotland which appears to have reached its apogee just before the 1 st Roman invasion under Agricola.

The SpeechDat-Car project is a 4 th framework EC project in the Language Engineering programme. It aims at collecting a set of nine speech databases to support training and testing of robust multilingual speech recognition for in-car applications. The consortium participants are car manufacturers, telephone communications providers, and universities. This paper describes the background of the project, its organisation, and the design of the databases in terms of contents, speaker and environment coverage. It further addressses the recording platforms, the validation scenario, and the links with other projects.

In order to examine new potential markets for printed electronics, a research study was undertaken to understand the performance of opaque substrate electroluminescent (EL) lamps. Opaque EL lamps are made possible by a PEDOT:PSS top electrode which replaces the ITO used in the conventional lamps. Screen-printed lamps were manufactured Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol

After a hiatus following the Old Welsh period, Welsh manuscript evidence resumes c. 1250, and can now be studied in minute detail owing to the construction of a palaeographical chronology for the manuscripts and the availability of machinereadable and other modern editions. These reveal that the so-called 'sandhi h-' after first-person pronouns in modern literary Welsh is not ancient, but slowly emerged in the late thirteenth century as a hypercorrect phonetic tendency after nasal consonants which gradually became grammaticalised after pronouns ending in a nasal. 1. The system of initial mutations in Welsh, like that in the other Celtic languages, arose over a long period of time (see Sims-Williams 2007: 43-58; shorter version in Sims-Williams 2008), and it has never operated with complete consistency (Morgan 1952). This is particularly true of the h which is prefixed to vowels after some 1st person pronouns in modern literary Welsh (Morgan 1952: 153-6). Morris-Jones (1913: 279) noted inconsistency in fourteenth-century prose manuscripts and in the cywydd poets of the same period. Although the latter are mostly preserved in late copies, the fact that h alliterated in early cynghanedd is some help in establishing the correct readings (cf. Morris-Jones 1925: 204). T. J. Morgan also gave examples from fourteenth-century and later texts where the so-called 'sandhi h-' is absent, for example uy march a'm arueu 'my horse and my arms' in the mid-fourteenth-century White Book of Rhydderch (WM col. 417 = Thomson 1997: line 723), while noting that vym march a'm harueu occurs here in Pen. 6iv (WM p. 209), which is an earlier manuscript than the White Book (Huws 2000: 245). D. Simon Evans (1964: 23) mentioned the same vacillation, again giving examples from mostly fourteenth-century manuscripts. Such examples do not give a clear idea of the chronology of the h-, but Morgan and Evans clearly regarded it as an innovation, since they both quoted Pedersen's doctrine that h-originated in sandhi after y 'her' (where it derives from the *-s in IE and Celtic *esj as) and spread thence to other persons by analogy (

Yn y llyfryn hwn, rhennir canfyddiadau ein gwaith ymchwil i'r llenyddiaethau sy'n cael eu haddysgu mewn ysgolion uwchradd yng Nghymru, a'r rhesymau dros hynny. Ein bwriad oedd darganfod pa destunau llenyddol (rhyddiaith, barddoniaeth a dramâu) a'u haddysgir ar draws pynciau gan gynnwys Cymraeg, Saesneg, Drama ac Ieithoedd Rhyngwladol megis Ffrangeg a Sbaeneg. Edrychodd yr ymchwil hefyd ar yr amrywiaeth o destunau sy'n cael eu haddysgu o ran rhyw ac ethnigrwydd awduron. Cyhoeddir yr ymchwil o fewn Cylchgrawn Addysg Cymru yn ddwyieithog a bydd ar gael am ddim, ar-lein.

Dè an t-amas a tha aig luchd-iomairt na Gàidhlig taobh a-muigh na fìor-Ghàidhealtachd? Dè an ro-innleachd a tha aig poileasaidh cànain an sin? Ann an co-theacsa na h-Èireann, tha argamaid shoilleir aig Ciarán Dunbar do dhaoine a tha ann an da-rìribh mu ath-bheòthachadh cànain. Feumaidh sinn tèarmainn cànain a chruthachadh.

[Faodar lethbhreac pàipeir de Buaidh 5 (2024) a cheannach an seo: https://www.gaelicbooks.org/rannsaich-an-bh%C3%B9th/ficsean/irisean/buaidh-iris-5?lang=gd

Gabhaidh Buaidh 5 (2024) air fad a leughadh air-loidhne an seo:
https://issuu.com/misneachd/docs/buaidh_ireamh_5_earrach_2024

Faodar taic a chur ri Misneachd an seo: https://ko-fi.com/misneachd]

Years and years ago, when I was a boy, and there were Wolves in Wales' begins Dylan Thomas's account of a 'Child's Christmas in Wales'. Like so many reminiscences, his recollections are as much a nostalgic journey into the imagined world of childhood, as they are a recollection of the past. However, they neatly encapsulate the power of Christmas and its customs to connect us to the closeness of family, the security of community and, often, to wider spiritual sensibilities as well. One of the ways in which these customs draw their power is through a sense of the past in which the authority of long duration reinforces contemporary networks whether spiritual, communal or familial. Or so it seems. Folklore studies into the origins of Christmas customs reveal something which is more likely to be a construct than an actual reflection of the past. Nevertheless, these factors make Christmas customs among the richest and most complex, and this certainly applies to Sion Corn who has become a distinctively Welsh version of Santa Claus.

This research paper delves into the intricate landscape of English dialects, examining their phonological, lexical, grammatical, and sociolinguistic dimensions. Through a comprehensive analysis of regional, social, and ethnic variations, the paper elucidates the historical evolution, contemporary trends, and socio-cultural significance of English dialects. Drawing on theoretical frameworks and empirical studies, this paper offers valuable insights into the complex interplay of factors that shape the rich tapestry of English dialects.

We discuss the notion of language and dialect-specific search in the context of audio indexing. A system is described where users can find dialect or language-specific pronunciations of Afghan placenames in Dari and Pashto. We explore the efficacy of a phonetic speech recognition system employed in this task.