Cyber Ethics

Kasus pelecehan seksual di media sosial yang melibatkan mahasiswa Universitas Jember menunjukkan bahwa pelanggaran cyber ethics dan degradasi akhlak terjadi dalam interaksi digital. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari bagaimana mahasiswa UNEJ melihat fenomena tersebut dan bagaimana ajaran akhlak Islam mempengaruhi etika bermedia sosial. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data melalui kuesioner yang dilakukan secara online. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa menyadari adanya penurunan nilai akhlak dan pelanggaran etika digital, yang berdampak buruk pada kehidupan sosial di kampus. Selain itu, mahasiswa berpendapat bahwa pendidikan akhlak Islam sangat penting untuk meningkatkan perilaku dan kesadaran moral di dunia maya. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan akhlak dan etika digital harus diperkuat di kampus dan lingkungan keluarga untuk mencegah degradasi akhlak dan pelanggaran cyber ethics.

Fenomena viral di media sosial seringkali melibatkan batasan antara kebebasan berekspresi dan pelanggaran privacy (Infringement Privacy). Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana interaksi digital yang intensif berkontribusi pada penciptaan konten viral, sekaligus memunculkan risiko pelanggaran privasi individu. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, studi ini menganalisis kasus viral yang menimbulkan perdebatan tentang privasi, termasuk bagaimana audiens, kreator konten, dan platform media sosial berkontribusi dalam membentuk dinamika tersebut. Akun "Fufufafa" merupakan salah satu konten viral pada platform X, mencerminkan dinamika ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa popularitas konten sering kali dicapai dengan mengorbankan privasi subjek, baik secara eksplisit maupun implisit. Hasil penelitian menyoroti pentingnya regulasi yang lebih ketat dan edukasi digital yang komprehensif, untuk menjaga keseimbangan antara kebebasan berekspresi di dunia maya dan penghormatan terhadap hak privasi individu.

Throughout the internet's evolution , debates on cyber ethics had raised concerns within the educational system. New ethical dilemmas turned to emerge out of compounding facebook communication among users. Ethical behaviour involving computer networking has immense power in promoting not only valuable academic networking, but could be shifted for self-fulfillment and even for evil ends. The issue of moral behavior involving computer networking is defined as cyber ethics. Arief, Dana, and Aniati (2011) Facebook.Questionnaires were distributed to selected universities from Indonesia and Malaysia; 200 undergraduates responded. Correlation, independent t-test and multiple regression analysis were conducted on the data set. The measurement level such as honesty, truthfulness and respect were applied. The study revealed that cyber ethics across boundaries was significantly different. There is a significant relationship between religious awareness and cyber ethics. Facebook communication in the two countries was used by respondents with some religious awareness. This relationship has significant influence on the level of satisfaction while communicating in social networking sites.

The role of ethics becomes even more significant given the huge advent and increase of cyber-criminal activities in cyberspace. It has become an urgent necessity to curb the menace of unethical practices in cyberspace and contribute ethical guidelines to a safe and secure digital environment. To minimize the growth of cybercrimes and unethical issues online, users must understand how existing societal norms and ethics can be extended according to the challenges posed by ethical dilemmas in cyberspace. Hence, understanding the importance of cyber ethics in daily life has become essential than ever before. Cyber ethics implies the rules of social engagement and responsibility in cyberspace; it is really about social responsibility in cyberspace and it is aimed at inculcating knowledge of responsible behavior in man when using the online environment. This paper is an attempt to provide an overview of the relevance of cyber ethics education in fostering responsible behavior online.

“Özgürlükler ve Güvenlik Dengesinde Siber Dünya” başlıklı bu kitap, dijital dünyada güvenlik ve özgürlük dengesinde kullanıcılar, devletler ve şirketler arasındaki karmaşık ilişkileri derinlemesine incelemektedir. Kitap dört ana bölümden oluşmakta olup, her biri siber güvenlik, gözetim politikaları, siber güç projeksiyonu, kişisel veriler ile dijital hak ve özgürlüklerin koruması alanında önemli sorunları ele almaktadır.

İlk bölüm, gözetim politikalarının tarihsel ve hukuki dönüşümünü ele alırken, özellikle Edward Snowden’ın ifşaatlarının etkisiyle ABD’de istihbarat faaliyetlerinin nasıl denetlendiğini ve gözetim politikalarının değişen yüzünü kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, NSA’nın rolü ve kontrolsüz güç kullanımı gibi konular da incelenmektedir. Bu bölüm, istihbarat topluluğunun bireysel özgürlükler üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak için önemli bir zemin hazırlamaktadır.

İkinci bölüm, siber güvenlik ile bireysel özgürlükler ve tehditler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Siber dünyada “gerçeklik” ve reel tehditler arasındaki farkların ele alındığı bu bölüm, siber güvenlik kapasitesinin asimetrik savaşta nasıl kullanıldığını ve Internet özgürlüğü ile siber güvenlik arasındaki dengenin nasıl kurulduğunu tartışmaktadır. Internetin açık yapısından balkanlaşan yapısına geçiş süreci ve siber saldırılar karşısında meşru müdafaa hakkı gibi konular, siber güvenliğin karmaşık doğasını ve bu alanda karşılaşılan zorlukları ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, bu bölüm, siber güç projeksiyonu ve sınırlama çabalarının da hukuki ve siyasi boyutlarıyla değerlendirilmesini sağlamaktadır.

Üçüncü bölüm, veri madenciliği ve kişisel verilerin korunması konularına odaklanmaktadır. Türkiye’deki yasal düzenlemeler ışığında veri madenciliği uygulamaları ve kişisel verilerin korunmasına dair kanunların etkileri detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmaktadır. Bu bölümde, kişisel verilerin korunmasına yönelik yasal çerçeveler ve veri madenciliğinin hukuki yönleri, veri güvenliği ve mahremiyet hakları bağlamında incelenmektedir.

Dördüncü bölümde ise, siber güvenlik alanındaki güncel konular üzerine önde gelen uzmanlarla yapılan mülakatlar yer almaktadır. Bu mülakatlar, siber terörizm, botnetlerle mücadele, şirketler için siber güvenlik standartları ve NATO’nun siber saldırılara karşı yeni stratejileri gibi çeşitli konuları kapsamaktadır.

Bu kitap, siber güvenlik ve veri koruma alanındaki güncel gelişmeleri ve zorlukları akademik bir perspektifle değerlendirmekte ve bu alanlardaki hukuki ve siyasi boyutları derinlemesine irdelemektedir.

This article explores the ethical dilemmas propelled by a significant shift in the allocation of trust and intelligence due to blockchain technology and AI, resulting in a notable decrease in transaction costs. The ethical and political implications of democratizing the resulting productivity gains are noteworthy, and while the pie is expanding, how its slices are distributed remains an open question. Enter Worldcoin, an innovative worldwide initiative that creates an identity system based on proof of personhood and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) to provide everyone with a distinct and anonymous "World ID. Using the author's "cyberethics-mix" framework, this paper examines the possible implications of such a system concerning data's protection, ownership, accuracy, and accessibility, underscoring the ethical significance of a political approach emphasizing inclusivity and sustainability through digital decentralization.

The aim of this study is to develop cyber security competency scale to measure the security competency of prospective teachers in relation to the educational environment. It included 100 participants from various teacher training colleges of Kerala, a state in India. This tool development was a part of research conducted to examine the impact of a cyber-safety and security awareness program. Initially 113 items related with the security aspect of prospective teachers in the educational environment framed. Later on, 21 items were modified and 13 were deleted as per opinions of the experts. The draft scale consisting of 93 items was administered on samples and data was collected with the help of Google forms. Item analysis was carried out using t-value and r-value. Reliability of scale was determined by using Cronbach Alpha value and split-halt correlation. After item analysis, the scale items were reduced to 78 items organized under 12 essential aspects of cyber security in educational environment. To obtain further validity confirmatory factor analysis also carried out. Analyses of the entire psychometric scale have demonstrated its validity and reliability, confirming its suitability for measuring the cybersecurity competency of prospective teachers.

The educational environment became the common locations for many internet-related risks and incidents like consumption of sites of online pornography, hate-sites, defective online communication and copyright violation or copyright infringement resulting from copying online contents
and downloading materials, etc. These incidents sometimes result in physical and psychological harm to students, teachers and community. In this context, understanding risk typology plays a significant role in managing the security infrastructure of the educational environment and which in- turn helps in minimizing incidents of risks in cyber space. This paper attempts to explore the types of online risks in the education environment through a systematic review process.

section devoted entirely to online copyright infringement, and the Technology, Education, and Copyright Harmonization Act of 2002, which granted almost the same rights to distance learning environments as enjoyed by face-to-face learning environments. The American Library Association has a comprehensive report on this at , and the University Continuing Education Association provides a quick breakdown of it at .edu/salomon.htm. These latest interpretations of the WIPO treaties of 1996 seem to indicate that the trend of the 21st century will be in the direction of developing media forms to extend the ability of people to filter and interact with information that is already available to them. Laws like the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 and the Technology, Education, and Copyright Harmonization Act of 2002 serve as a new foundation for media as it shifts from analog to digital transmission. As far as teaching and learning is concerned, we may see the trend moving in the direction of greater reliance on the multimedia forms of three-dimensional imaging merging with audio and video. Students may see their online instructors as conversational holographic images in their own homes-the individualization of instruction moving from warehousing students in classrooms to enabling students to work with a multiplicity of experts in the implementation of their individual education plans. How far might a just society go in the preservation of privacy rights? "Each person," wrote John Rawls, "possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override " (1999, p. 3). With ever-increasing pressures from corporations to enforce copyright legislation, the trend is moving in the direction of encroaching on privacy rights. This right is all but abrogated in a climate where a corporate entity like the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) can subpoena Internet service providers (ISPs) to turn over records that indicate where their subscribers have visited and what it was they did while there . Using the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 as the vehicle to argue its case, the RIAA opened the door to the distributed monitoring of everyone's online activity before it was closed again by the U. S. Court of Appeals on December 19, 2003 (RIAA v. Verizon Internet Services, 2003). The important thing to note is that this is a swinging door-privacy issues based on the prosecution of intellectual property theft will con-tinue to play a significant role in the future of online mediated communication and data transfer. At the present time, almost every organization to which Internet users provide their contact information explicitly posts some form of privacy statement. The broadband DSL connection from SBC Global, used by the authors, assures in its privacy statement: We understand the value of keeping your personal information private, and we have designed this software to collect only the amount of information you disclose, and to use that information only for the purpose of supporting your Internet connection. This program does not monitor your activity on your computer and does not track your use of the Internet or any Web sites. Your provider asks that you register SmartConnect, and provide your e-mail address and telephone number so that we may verify you as a registered user to provide customized benefits and services. The identification information you provide is securely stored and will not be disclosed to third parties without your consent.

Counterfeit goods provide a substantial risk to both consumers and corporations. This study presents a system that employs blockchain technology to address the issue of counterfeiting by validating the authenticity of products using QR codes. The framework enables manufacturers to register products and monitor their ownership across the whole supply chain. Subsequently, consumers have the ability to scan QR codes of products in order to authenticate their authenticity and obtain information regarding the product's past. The suggested system has numerous benefits, such as: Enhanced security: Blockchain technology guarantees the integrity of data storage and transaction records, making them resistant to tampering. Enhanced transparency: Consumers are able to obtain comprehensive information regarding the product's trajectory, promoting trust and assurance. Cost reduction: The solution obviates the necessity for intermediaries and manual verification procedures, resulting in financial savings. The study also recognises constraints such as the requirement for specialised knowledge and possible difficulties in expanding the solution. Furthermore, the efficacy of the system hinges on the extensive acceptance and understanding of blockchain technology. In summary, this article introduces a potential framework for utilising blockchain technology to tackle the increasing problem of counterfeit items. Subsequent investigations should prioritise enhancing the system's scalability, security, and user acceptance to optimise its overall impact.

Despite the increasing use of computers and internet resources for various purposes in different sectors of the economy, threats and attacks in cyberspace are on the increase. This is because internet attackers keep devising new techniques to evade being detected. The attack types include denial of service attacks, financial theft, espionage, subversion and identify theft. Many Nigerian cyber user communities are exposed to online threats. Despite efforts by government and IT security stakeholders to check the menace of cybercrime among Nigerians, cyber safety is still being considered to be very low. This may be as a result of lack of holistic measures for reporting and tackling the menace of crime in the country. Preliminary investigations revealed that some of the technological, administrative and legislative measures put in place in Nigeria to tackle the menace of cyber security have not given adequate attention to cyber incident reporting and response. This study used a structured questionnaire to source for the opinions of some University undergraduates in Kwara State, Nigeria. The questionnaire was used to investigate the level of awareness of the selected students about cyber incident reporting and response. The target population have ages that fall in youthful bracket and they are considered to youths who use internet resources for various purposes. The responses of the respondents were analysed using descriptive statistics. Statistical results revealed that larger number of students investigated is well aware of cyber incident reporting and response. Then, suggestions were made on how to achieve holistic strategy that can be used for promoting incident reporting and response among internet stakeholders in the country. It is argued that such measures will facilitate proactive means for tackling increasing cyber threats in the country.

Internet etiquette is very necessary as teachers increasingly use the internet in teaching and communicate online. Netiquette is introduced in schools so that teachers would be more ethical in utilizing and dealing with the dynamics of interactions in the digital space wisely. The purposes of this study were to know the level of teachers' understanding on netiquette in digital use and to describe factors that influence it. This study used phenomenological research method. The data were collected through observation sheets which distributed to 15 teachers from several schools on google form. The results indicated that the majority of teachers already understand that in cyberspace, humans interact and communicate with various cultural differences. Easy internet access allows everyone to connect and participate, without cultural or geographic boundaries. So, netiquette needs to be implemented by all internet users, both in the field of education and social media. Cyber-bullying is a case that needs to be recognized and anticipated as early as possible. For this reason, apart from teachers, it is also important to socialize netiquette to all students at elementary to high school levels.

In Tunisia, one of the major problems of the olive oil industry is marketing. Several factors have an impact, such as quality, originality, lobbying, subsidies and the certification of extra virgin olive oil. The major problem remains the traceability of the production process to guarantee the origin of the food at all times. This fine-grained traceability can be achieved by applying Blockchain technologies. Blockchain can be used as a solution that could bring visibility to the oil supply chain. It is proposed in order to guarantee the veracity of the product information at different stages. In this paper, a multi-Blockchain, multi-sensor traceability system using IoT will be presented. Two Blockchains that can be programmed via Smart Contract will be used. The first one is Quorum, which is a private Blockchain used by the actors of our system, and the second one is Ethereum, which is public and connects the different actors who have access to our system. This smart contract allows...

ACTIVITY 6: Letter to the Women of Malolos Critically appraised Rizal's views on women in nation-building. Examine closely how Rizal instigated the women of Malolos to rise and take an active role in society. Write a 2-paper on this article.

The paper discusses Jose Rizal's forward-thinking ideas on women's rights and education, as expressed in his letter to the young women of Malolos. Rizal's campaign for women's education and social status challenged the existing patriarchal and colonial systems that kept Filipino society subjugated. By empowering women, Rizal sought to encourage them to actively participate in the fight for national independence and voice out for social change.

Critically appraised Rizal's views on women in nation-building. Examine closely how Rizal instigated the women of Malolos to rise and take an active role in society. Hundreds of years ago, during the Spanish pre-colonialism, both men and women relished a harmonious equilibrium in the social hierarchy throughout the Philippine archipelago-fostering a prospering community that ensured that individuals, irrespective of their age or sexual orientation, obtained an equal chance at success. It can be observed how Philippine women develop alongside men while achieving incredible milestones and triumphs while simultaneously taking responsibility for a multitude of situations. It is noteworthy how women have exerted a substantial impact on the community at large to which they are associated and have provided outstanding holistic leadership to their community. Their leadership, especially concerning the areas of religion, stretched beyond themselves to the whole community, particularly their immediate families. These centuries-old civilizations flourishing bilateral kinships collapsed throughout the 300-year period of Spanish colonial rule-the Philippines endured a patriarchal heritage nurtured by Catholics, especially among the rich and powerful. Catholicism's extensive influence transformed women's political and socioeconomic position, establishing them in established positions in comparison to men, notably their

Uluslararasi insan haklari belgeleri, egitimde ayrimciligi ve dislamayiyasaklarken; kapsayici, cogulcu, elestirel, katilimci ve insan kisiliginin tamgelismesi icin bir ortamin olusturulmasini desteklemektedir. Uluslararasi insanhaklari duzenlemelerine taraf olan ulkeler, uluslararasi insan haklari hukukunagore, bu belgelerde tanimlanan evrensel, bilimsel ve insan odakli egitim modelini uygulamakla yukumludurler. Bu belgelerin basinda gelen Evrensel InsanHaklari Bildirgesinin (EIHB) 26. Maddesinde ifade edildigi gibi “Egitim, insankisiliginin tam gelistirilmesine, insan haklarina ve temel ozgurluklere saygiyiguclendirmeye yonelik olmalidir.” Ayni sekilde, Avrupa Konseyi DemokratikVatandaslik ve Insan Haklari Egitimi Şarti (2010) da, Konsey’in temel amaci olaninsan haklari, demokrasi ve hukukun ustunlugunu gelistirmede egitimin merkezi bir rol oynadigini ifade etmektedir. Bir egitim sisteminin insan haklari vedemokratik normlarla uyumlu olup olmadigini olcmek icin katilimcilik, hesapv...

In today’s era, humanity has been overwhelmed by technological revolutions that have changed and will continue to change how business operations are performed, directly or indirectly. At the same time, the processes within the supply chain are quite complex, and as technology and processes evolve, they become more and more challenging. Traceability has become a critical issue in the food industry to ensure safety, quality, and compliance with regulations. The adoption of blockchain technology in the food supply chain has gained significant attention as a potential solution to improve traceability. This paper presents the development of a distributed application for table olives’ traceability on the Ethereum network. The paper also presents a methodological framework, which can help anyone aiming to implement an Ethereum decentralized application and demonstrates the practical use of the developed application by a Greek table olives producer. The application significantly improved th...

Characteristics of an Islamic View of Cyber Ethics C Ch ha ar ra ac ct te er ri is st ti ic cs s o of f a an n I Is sl la am mi ic c V Vi ie ew w o of f C Cy yb be er rE Et th hi ic cs s H Ha am mi id dr re ez za a A Ay ya at to ol ll la ah hy y  

Agriculture sector is the backbone of a given economy. Globally, this sector does not only provide food and basic materials, but also employs an immense percentage of population. Nonetheless, it is afflicted with many predicaments such as inappropriate means of communication, food adulteration and lack of openness in the supply chain. Thus, utilisation of digital technologies can be one of the prospective solutions to these many problems. These technologies are various however; blockchain technology has captivated the most attentiveness. This state of the art technology is a distributed record of transactions permitting associates to document transactions in a devolved data log in processor network. In agriculture and food sector, blockchain can be used to promote food safety, stop food fraud and affirm legitimacy of agricultural commodities. Furthermore, can also be used to achieve superior prices and payment options, land title enrolment and for transparent payment of subsidies to farmers. The victory of blockchain technology mainly depends on its security, decentralisation, lucidity and constancy. Even though this technology has enormous potential benefits in agriculture and food sector, it still has diverse obstacles that hamper its wider recognition among farmers and food supply chain.

In the ever-evolving landscape of sports betting exchange, Orbit Exchange emerges as a pioneer in leveraging blockchain technology to enhance transparency, trust, and decentralization. This blog will delve into how Orbit Exchange integrates blockchain technology and the far-reaching implications it has on the financial sector, particularly in the realm of sports betting. Understanding Blockchain Technology in Orbit Exchange • Decentralization at the Core: Orbit Exchange's integration of blockchain technology is rooted in decentralization. The platform operates on a decentralized network, eliminating the need for intermediaries and providing users with direct control over their funds.

This article intends to explain women's roles in technology, specifically focusing on their challenges in cyberspace, particularly in internet technology. The term 'cyber' focuses on controlling every social vis-à-vis technological issues. Cyberspace is a broad field that encompasses numerous technological and social issues. Technological issues are not a single issue. It is fraught with all sorts of everyday problems, such as innovation, policy guidance, freedom of speech, intellectual property rights, etc. Despite these technological issues, we discuss here only one issue: how to empower women in the technological domain, in terms of feminist perspectives, nowadays, what we call cyberfeminism. Cyberfeminism is an ideology that corporates with feminist psychology. It indicates women's challenges in utilising technology. Also, this ideology aims to encourage women's participation in various fields of technology. Moreover, Many people think that cyberfeminism and network feminism are both equal. But it is not true; cyberfeminism is a broad field that discusses technological means, whereas network feminism is a sub-field of cyberfeminism. Network feminism tackles those women's centric issues, which happens on social media platforms. However, the lack of awareness of digital media also a part of cyberfeminism. Sometimes, this unawareness leads to various unethical activities, like social media trolling, sexual harassment, gender discrimination, etc. These regard cyberfeminists started discussion through their activist approach. Here, I believe that most feminist papers are concerned with developing a theoretical or activist standard. But, here, I am trying to put an open message to eradicate gender inequality in society as well as cyberspace, which helps to encourage women to study technology. And I firmly believe that men and women are both members of technological society and suppletive of each other. However, this article is not confined to the theoretical framework. In fact, it is about destroying patriarchal thinking by indicating social life problems. Also, in this paper, we discuss some concepts like sexism, inequality, pornography, cyborg, etc., which are related to cyberfeminism. Lastly, we will make an effort to address all of these concerns in a satisfactory manner. But Those discussions are possible if and onlyif after a clear concept of feminism.

More women are now claiming their space in the public sphere and are recognised for their significant contributions in society. With the greater recognition of women's rights and agency, have dating/courting scripts also changed? Employing script theory, this paper aims to investigate Filipin@[1] college students' perspectives on women doing the first move in expressing their love interest in men, validate the socio-cultural-religious beliefs/conditions that shape their views, and identify new trajectories, if any. It makes use of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, focusing on college students (N=119) in a Catholic university in Pampanga, Philippines. On the one hand, the response of the students shows the persistence of the belief that men should take the first move in courtship. The symbol of Maria Clara who, in the Philippines, encapsulates colonial Christianity's model of a virtuous woman continues to shape women and men's imaginations. On the other hand, the respondents acknowledge that as equals, either men or women should have the right to initiate courting. The students view women who initiate courting as courageous. From a postcolonial optic that highlights the agency of those in the margins, we have linked this courage to the interrelated virtues of fortitude, self-care, and mutuality. Lastly, the respondents neither agree nor disagree that digital technologies today facilitate women making the first move in expressing their love interest in a man. This study is significant because there is a dearth of research on courting patterns from the Philippine context.

Cyberbullying has become a major challenge for authorities, parents, guardians and schools in particular, especially in the era of the digital world. This paper reviews available empirical research to examine the issues such as the responsible use of technology amongst young people, parents and schools responsibility to protect against Cyberbullying. The analysis revealed that the responsible use of technology provides better practices to encourage comparisons because of these new digital technologies. Parents and educators are the key to Cyber ethics, therefore teaching the responsible use of technology whilst focusing on Cyber ethics at the start of young people’s exposure to technology use may be an excellent strategy to reduce the growth and impact of Cyberbullying. The paper will also review good practices for young people, school communities and parents to prevent and manage Cyberbullying and unethical behaviours online. These claims are examined using current literature to en...

Data security has been consistent in being a major issue in information technology. In the cloud computing world, becomes specifically critical as the data is situated in different places all over the world. As per user's concerns about the cloud technology the important factors are privacy protection and data security. In both academics and industries, the topics in cloud computing have been checked by multiple techniques. For the future growth of cloud computing technology in industry, government and business the data security and privacy protection will become more crucial. Data security and privacy protection challenges are similar to both hardware and software in the cloud architecture. This study is to analyze different security techniques and challenges from both software and hardware aspects to secure data in the cloud and focuses on improving the data security and privacy protection for the trustworthy cloud environment. In this document, we are preparing a relevant research analysis on the existing research work with reference to the data security and privacy protection techniques of cloud computing.

The study investigated Academic Librarians' perceptions of cybercrime information in curbing security threats in Federal university libraries in the FCT, Abuja. The study was guided by five (5) objectives and five (5) research questions. The study employed a descriptive survey research design; the population consists of seventeen (17) academic librarians at Federal university libraries in the FCT, Abuja. The study was conducted using a targeted sampling technique. In order to collect data, a questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and results were presented in tables, frequency distributions, percentages, and the mean score. The findings arising from the study indicated that academic librarians perceived cybercrime as intellectual property theft, plagiarism, copyright violation, impersonation, and software piracy, among others. The findings from the study also revealed that academic librarians are aware of the following cybercrimes: cyber cracking, data breaches, identity theft, cyber hacking, unauthorized access to information, and copyright violations, among others. Also, it was discovered that the majority of the respondents indicated to a very high extent that the desire to get a good grade, fear of failure, the internet making copy and paste easy, a lack of good academic writing skills, and the desire to make money cause students involvement in cybercrime in academic libraries. The study further revealed a lack of cyber security skills among academic librarians, poor password management, and a lack of cyber security infrastructure, among other challenges to the successful deployment of cyber security in academic libraries. The study suggests cybercrime and cyber security awareness among academic librarians, library and internet literacy, deployment of cyber security infrastructure, etc. as measures available to combat cybercrime in academic libraries.

 Increasing demand for food requires modernization of agricultural process.  Agricultural process involves crop production as well as food supply chain.  Optimizing farming requires real time monitoring of agricultural fields and crops.  Reducing intermediaries in the food supply chain increases farmers profit.  User-centric Internet of Things is a key enabler for realizing Smart Agriculture.

Bu araştırma maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi kullanılarak Gaziantep'te görev yapan öğretmenlerin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilen nitel bir çalışmadır. Araştırma kapsamında yer alan veriler odak grup görüşmeleri ile elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, öğretmenlerin forum sayfalarında karşılaştıkları etik problemlerin karakter, saldırganlık, takıntı ve saygısızlık olarak adlandırılan kategoriler altında toplandığını göstermektedir. Öğretmenler forum sayfalarında karakter kategorisine ilişkin sorumsuzluk, bencillik, yalan, alaycılık; saldırganlık kategorisine ilişkin özel yaşama müdahale, kışkırtma, cinsel taciz, karalama, zorbalık; takıntı kategorisine ilişkin saplantı, bağımlılık, tuzak kurma ve saygısızlık kategorisine ilişkin söz hakkında müdahale ve illegal dosya paylaşımı olarak tanımlanan olumsuz davranışlarla karşılaştıklarını belirtmişlerdir.

This case study investigates Nigeria's cybercrime agencies' digital forensic readiness and forensic capability and how this affects the cybercrime caseloads and prosecution. The Routine Activity Theory (RAT) and the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) theories were applied. This study used the TOE framework to examine the digital forensic technology adoption and forensic readiness of cybercrime investigators in Nigeria and relates this with the RAT framework and the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies as capable guardians. The research population of this study was the Nigerian Internet fraud investigative agencies 3 the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Nigeria Police Force (NPF). Eighteen participants from the two organizations were interviewed. The paper concluded that the cybercrime investigators in Nigeria are not forensically ready given the established lack of digital forensic resources (technological gap, human resources gap, skills gap, funding gap), particularly when juxtaposed with the high cybercrime caseloads in the country.

We live in a thoroughly technocratic culture (Castells 2010; Germain 2017). 'Technocratic' means literally 'the rule of technology', and as Heidegger demonstrated in his forceful essay, "The Question Concerning Technology" (1977), our era is marked by this. It assumes many guises, of course, and although Heidegger was thinking of industrial technology, such as, among other things, factories spewing black smoke into a once pristine atmosphere, what may seem to be the innocuous and 'clean' technology of computers, iPads and smartphones, turns out, on closer inspection, to be far less so. Some years ago there was a keynote address at a communications theory conference (IAMCR, June 2013) in Dublin, Ireland, presented by Professor Richard Maxwell, of Queens College, New York. He disabused his audience of the idea that the laptops and smartphones we use are 'clean' technology. The materials and industrial processes that are involved in manufacturing these, he said, amount to the equivalent of approximately 800 000 cars' carbon emissions per annum. But this 'materialist' perspective is not the only one to reveal a downside to our precious communications technology, the mainstay of which is the internet. Arguably, the social effects it has on human lives are even more deleterious. Granted, technology is a pharmakon -poison and cure -so we do not dispute its usefulness as a tool; in fact, without our laptops we could not write this paper, nor write up any research. But most people seem to be blind to its 'poisonous' character, which has to be kept firmly in mind if one wishes to live a fairly balanced life. This poisonous, or 'dark', aspect of communications technology, or broadly, of connectivity -which one knows all too well from the phenomenon known as 'trolling' (let alone 'cyber-crime'; see Gross 2018) on various internet sites (Moreau 2019) -is strikingly thematised in Henry Alex Rubin's critically acclaimed film, Disconnect (Rubin 2012). The film's title can be read as both a descriptive term pertaining to the almost pathological situation of 'connectivity overload' and 'performance exhaustion' among (especially young) people in a so-called

OSINT stands for Open Source Intelligence , (O)SI for (Open) Social Intelligence , and PbD for Privacy by Design. The CAPER EU project has built an OSINT solution oriented to the prevention of organized crime. How to balance freedom and security? This chapter describes a way to embed the legal and ethical issues raised by the General Data Reform Package (GDRP) in Europe into security and surveillance platforms. It focuses on the indirect strategy to fl esh out ethical principles through Semantic Web Regulatory Models (SWRM), and discusses the possibility to extend them to Cyber Warfare. Institutional design and the possibility to build up a Metarule of law are also discussed.

The dominance of digital technology and increased online activities have penetrated the risks of unethical practices and abuses in cyberspace. Many people misuse the internet by believing its risk challenge is very low. To limit the incidence of unethical issues online, users must understand how existing societal norms and ethics can be extended according to the challenges posed by cyberspace. In this context, an ethical guideline to safeguard the digital environment and understand cyber ethics importance in everyday life is more crucial than ever because cyberspaces's ethics influence an individual's responsibility. Similarly, cyber ethics education is a critical component for encouraging ethical behaviour in online spaces. It aims at promoting awareness and the need to exhibit responsible behaviour online. This paper attempts to provide an overview of the educational significance of cyber ethics in cyber space.

Information and knowledge has become vital economic resources in this new era. Yet, along with new opportunities, the dependence on information systems brought new threats. Crime remains elusive and ever strives to hide in the face of development, while cyber security is important because government, military, corporate, financial, and medical organizations collect, process, and store unprecedented amounts of data on computers and other devices. Therefore, this paper examines issues on the Information system, ICT, cybercrime, cyber security, cyber ethics and national security in Nigeria. It is a research work carried out by librarians using selected youths in Wuse area of Abuja Municipal Area Council as a case study. The survey research method was used on the population of 150 respondents randomly selected using a convenient sampling method. All the questionnaires were validly filled and returned. The result shows that the main aim of our national security policy is to ensure that o...

Information and knowledge has become vital economic resources in this new era. Yet, along with new opportunities, the dependence on information systems brought new threats. Crime remains elusive and ever strives to hide in the face of development, while cyber security is important because government, military, corporate, financial, and medical organizations collect, process, and store unprecedented amounts of data on computers and other devices. Therefore, this paper examines issues on the Information system, ICT, cybercrime, cyber security, cyber ethics and national security in Nigeria. It is a research work carried out by librarians using selected youths in Wuse area of Abuja Municipal Area Council as a case study. The survey research method was used on the population of 150 respondents randomly selected using a convenient sampling method. All the questionnaires were validly filled and returned. The result shows that the main aim of our national security policy is to ensure that our national survival is free from threat and to ensure that our territorial integrity is free from infringement. Majority of the respondents indicated that the methods cyber criminals often used in defrauding its victims are through identity theft and fraud, and also through making direct contact with their victims using emails and phones calls, etc. The rate of cyber-security and adherence to cyber ethics by internet users is low. The paper recommends amongst others that for the government to combat the menace of cybercrimes, the government should do more in sensitizing the public about cyber-security through its appropriate agencies.

Every internet user is affected by digital etiquette. Unfortunately, most of us are unable to keep up with the rate at which technology is being used. Problems with digital etiquette have persisted in society because of people's lack of education and understanding of these instruments. Along with digital access, commerce, communication, literacy, the law, rights and responsibilities, health and wellness, and security, digital etiquette is one of the nine key facets of digital citizenship. This article will go over the following topics: knowing what constitutes appropriate online conduct, recognizing the impact of one's online activity on others, determining the best times and locations to employ technology, and recognizing the repercussions of online bullying and other harmful activities. Some important questions discussed in this article are-Are students aware of others when they use technology? Do students realize how their use of technology affects others? The "digital" world and the "real" world are not that different from each other. They can both be used. If your company doesn't have clear rules for how to use digital tools, confusion, misunderstanding, and bad communication could spread quickly. Strong rules about digital manners should be part of the company's culture so that employees feel appreciated, seen, and respected at work.

Ethics has become an important part in the interaction among humans being. This paper specifically discusses applied ethics as one type of ethics. There are three applied ethics that will be reviewed in this paper, i.e. computer ethics, information ethics, and cyber ethics. There are two aspects of the three applied ethics that were reviewed, i.e. their definition and the issues associated with them. The reviewing results of the three applied ethics are then used for defining e-Government ethics and formulating the issues of e-Government ethics. The e-Government ethics position, based on the previous three applied ethics, is also described in this paper. Computer ethics, information ethics and cyber ethics are considered as the foundations of e-Government ethics and several others applied ethics could enrich the e-Government ethics.

Agriculture is one of the areas where blockchain technology could bring a revolution by solving the existing problem of Agri-product fraud, its traceability, price manipulation, and lack of customer trust in the product. This paper aims to demonstrate the potential application of blockchain technology in the agriculture industry and how it could address the existing issues by surveying the existing paper and following case studies of the blockchain start-up companies. Blockchain technology shows a promising approach to fostering a safer, better, more sustainable, and dependable agri-foods system in the future. While the application of blockchain in agriculture is in the initial phase and faces various issues like cost of implementation, privacy, security scalability, performance, and infancy, it can bring a revolution in the agriculture industry.

Kapsayıcılık; sosyal politikalar, eğitim, yasalar ve istihdam gibi birçok alanı kapsayan çok boyutlu bir kavramdır (Mitchell 2005). Kapsayıcılık uluslararası bir hareket olmasına rağmen, uluslararası veya ortak kabul görmüş bir tanımı bulunmamaktadır (Miles ve Kaplan, 2005). Karmaşık ve zor bir kavram olarak kapsayıcılık, birçok kafa karışıklığına neden olan çeşitli şekillerde tanımlanmakta ve kavramsallaştırılmaktadır (Mitchell,2005). Bununla birlikte, tüm tanımlarının ortak noktası kapsayıcı eğitimin eğitimde fırsat eşitliği sağladığının belirtilmesidir. Araştırmaların bir kısmı kapsayıcı eğitimi engelli bireylerin eğitimiyle sınırlamaktadır ve bu nedenle özel ve genel eğitim arasındaki bağlantıya odaklanmaktadır. Diğerleri ise bunu etnik azınlıklar gibi dışlanmaya karşı savunmasız tüm öğrencileri içeren daha geniş bir 'herkes için eğitim' perspektifinde ele almaktadır. Dini azınlıklar, yoksulluk çeken çocuklar, kırsal nüfus, bazı kültürlerdeki kız çocukları bu kapsam içine dahil edilmektedir (Mitchell,2005). Bu daha geniş kapsamlı eğitim anlayışı, tüm eğitim sistemlerinin dönüşümü üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir (Artiles, Harris-Murri & Rostenberg, 2006).

Cyber security has become essential for information security. Keeping the information safe is one of the major challenges nowadays. Given the unrestricted number of free websites, the Internet has undeniably opened a new way of exploitation known as cybercrime. Governments and private sectors are taking many measures in order to control these cybercrimes. Handling cyber security is still a very huge concern. This research paper focuses on the various problems in cyber security during the current scenario .It also bring on focus on emerging technologies in the field of cyber security , ethics and the trends changing the features of cyber security.

In agriculture supply chain management, traceability is a crucial aspect to ensure food safety for increasing customer loyalty and satisfaction. Lack of quality assurance in centralized data storage makes us move towards a new approach based on a decentralized system in which transparency and quality assurance is guaranteed throughout the supply chain from producer to consumer. The current supply chain model has some disadvantages like a communication gap between the entities of the supply chain and no information about the travel history and origin of the product. The use of technology improves the communication and relation between various farmers and stakeholders. Blockchain technology acquires transparency and traceability in the supply chain, provides transaction records traceability, and enhances security for the whole supply chain. In this paper, we present a blockchain-based, fully decentralized traceability model that ensures the integrity and transparency of the system. Th...

Today, with modern lifestyles, people have become involved in the life and use of technology. More technology for financial transactions as well as shopping in their cyberspace.At the same time, the protection of knowledge has become increasingly difficult. In addition, the proliferation of social media has led to an increase in online crime or cybercrime. in the world data security plays an important role in information technology. Information with security become one of the major challenges of today. Whenever we think of cybersecurity, we come first think of the 'cybercrimes' that are spreading every day. Different governments and Businesses take various steps to avoid this form of cybercrime. In addition to numerous cyber security measures, many people are also very worried about it. This paper focuses primarily on cybersecurity concerns related to new technology. It also focuses on the new. Cybersecurity, ethics, and technologies for development that affect cybersecurity.

IntroductionInformation and communication technology (ICT) systems are embraced in all facets of life. They are utilized virtually in all households, associations, organizations and governments. Hence, information and communication technology can be said to be an indispensable material as it appears that all human associations, organizations, institutions, governments etc., rely heavily on it to carry out their operations (Onwubiko, 2010). The deluge of the information and communication technology (ICT) system is not only for ease, efficiency and pleasure, but is also an important drive behind innovation and economic growth.Nigeria is an exemplar of trends in telecommunications development. Nigeria witnessed a great escalation in cell phone ownership, soaring from 13,000 subscribers in 1995 to over 9 million in 2004; internet users rose from under 10,000 in 1995 to 1.7 million in 2004 (OpenNet Initiative, n.d.). The number according to NCC (2015) grew to 81, 892,840 in January 2015....

Information and knowledge has become vital economic resources in this new era. Yet, along with new opportunities, the dependence on information systems brought new threats. Crime remains elusive and ever strives to hide in the face of development, while cyber security is important because government, military, corporate, financial, and medical organizations collect, process, and store unprecedented amounts of data on computers and other devices. Therefore, this paper examines issues on the Information system, ICT, cybercrime, cyber security, cyber ethics and national security in Nigeria. It is a research work carried out by librarians using selected youths in Wuse area of Abuja Municipal Area Council as a case study. The survey research method was used on the population of 150 respondents randomly selected using a convenient sampling method. All the questionnaires were validly filled and returned. The result shows that the main aim of our national security policy is to ensure that o...

Global warming has changed our environment and our society at a high speed. Luckily for us, scientists and researchers have worked around the clock on technologies that could ease the effects of the principal sectors of the economy-agriculture and manufacturing. Although, in the last two to three decades, services have been on a continuous evolutionary pattern, and, more or less, have attracted the spotlight, the fundamentalism of the first two sectors of the economy continues to daunt on our society, and, particularly, on the management and technologies behind it. The current paper addresses the necessity of breaking the existing business model in agriculture, and describes the architecture behind a new model that pertains to the innovative data-sharing capabilities of the blockchain for the ultimate purpose of agricultural development and sustainability. The study was designed around a content analysis on previous research, and added on the alignment to the new potential business model for smart agriculture using blockchain technologies.

This study was conducted to reveal the observations and expectations regarding the rights, freedoms and responsibilities parameters of democracy, of teacher trainees, who are to help individuals gain such values, To do this, the views of 577 teacher trainees at Uludag University Education Faculty were elicited. The students declared that 35%, 38% and 32% of the values of the “rights”, “freedoms” and “responsibilities” parameters respectively were fulfilled while the related expectations displayed the level of 90%. There is a negative correlation between the students’ observations and their expectations from democracy. This can be interpreted as the fact that expectations with respect to democracy will decrease or increase in accordance with the use of rights and freedom and the fulfillment level of responsibilities.

Smallholder farmers produce over 70% of the world’s food needs. Yet, the socioeconomic conditions of the smallholder farmers are substandard. One of the primary reasons for this unpropitious situation is that they generate modest income by selling their harvest due to the lack of trusted buyers and organized markets. This research explores how technology can enable the trust to reduce transaction-related risks, empowering unknown parties to transact. Blockchain technology has the potential of mitigating transaction-related risks and promoting trust with a tamper-proof history of transactions and automatic execution of smart contracts. Based on blockchain technology to promote trust, this research has discovered a novel approach for smallholder farmers to conduct exchanges by generating social capital as an individual and using that social capital as collateral for financial exchanges when establishing contracts. This approach empowers farmers to trade smart futures contracts on beha...