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4.1.3. Quality Process Architecture

Figure 7 4.1.3. Quality Process Architecture

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Blockchain technology is gaining support for various agricultural product applica- tions, including agricultural product tracing and provenance. The data traceability and inclusiveness of Blockchain can reduce fraud and risks regarding food safety.
Blockchain technology is gaining support for various agricultural product applica- tions, including agricultural product tracing and provenance. The data traceability and inclusiveness of Blockchain can reduce fraud and risks regarding food safety.
Table 1. Blockchain technology in the agri-food collaboration area.
Table 1. Blockchain technology in the agri-food collaboration area.
According to Galvez et al. [2], most traceability management techniques with Blockchain have been developed since 2015. Many research works [3-6] show that Blockchain is among the best ways to ensure the traceability and transparency of data in an immutable way. Some companies have launched Blockchain projects for proof of concept in supply chains, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2. Blockchain participants in the food supply chain.
According to Galvez et al. [2], most traceability management techniques with Blockchain have been developed since 2015. Many research works [3-6] show that Blockchain is among the best ways to ensure the traceability and transparency of data in an immutable way. Some companies have launched Blockchain projects for proof of concept in supply chains, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2. Blockchain participants in the food supply chain.
Table 2. Existing approach comparison.
Table 2. Existing approach comparison.
Based on the approach proposed in Figure 4, researchers have realized a complete system that creates the supply chain of farmers, oil manufacturer, quality control company and, finally, the transporters. Figure 5 shows the system that has been set up and is described in the proposed approach section. Our system, as shown in Figure 5, has five parts: four private parts and a public part that connects the parts of system to each other. The platform presents four systems: one for the farmer, one for the transporter, one for the oil manufacturer and, lastly, one for the quality control process. These different private systems send the characteristic transactions to the Ethereum Blockchain. As shown in Figure 5, each actor has its own private Blockchain. In this Quorum Blockchain, the actor enters all the data that are specific to their part of the system. For example, the farmer handles data related to their agricultural fields (humidity, temperature, salinity, etc.), to the different agricultural actors (fertilizers, medicines, suppliers, etc.) and to the harvest (olives, wood, etc.).
Based on the approach proposed in Figure 4, researchers have realized a complete system that creates the supply chain of farmers, oil manufacturer, quality control company and, finally, the transporters. Figure 5 shows the system that has been set up and is described in the proposed approach section. Our system, as shown in Figure 5, has five parts: four private parts and a public part that connects the parts of system to each other. The platform presents four systems: one for the farmer, one for the transporter, one for the oil manufacturer and, lastly, one for the quality control process. These different private systems send the characteristic transactions to the Ethereum Blockchain. As shown in Figure 5, each actor has its own private Blockchain. In this Quorum Blockchain, the actor enters all the data that are specific to their part of the system. For example, the farmer handles data related to their agricultural fields (humidity, temperature, salinity, etc.), to the different agricultural actors (fertilizers, medicines, suppliers, etc.) and to the harvest (olives, wood, etc.).
The Ethereum Blockchain has the characteristic of being accessible to everyone. Figure 6 shows the farmer’s platform.
The Ethereum Blockchain has the characteristic of being accessible to everyone. Figure 6 shows the farmer’s platform.
Regarding the quality process, oil bottles already have been tested as input and will have a quality certificate as a result. After checking the peroxidation, acidity and wax of the oil, these data will be stored on the Raspberry PI, which is connected to the Quorum Blockchain. The data collection in this case is still manual. All the data will be saved by the oil quality control system and will be accessible by its collaborators. Transactions intended for the public (other components of our system as well as customers) will be sent to the embedded system comprising Ethereum nodes. Figure 8 describes the quality controller platform. Figure 8. Quality process platform.
Regarding the quality process, oil bottles already have been tested as input and will have a quality certificate as a result. After checking the peroxidation, acidity and wax of the oil, these data will be stored on the Raspberry PI, which is connected to the Quorum Blockchain. The data collection in this case is still manual. All the data will be saved by the oil quality control system and will be accessible by its collaborators. Transactions intended for the public (other components of our system as well as customers) will be sent to the embedded system comprising Ethereum nodes. Figure 8 describes the quality controller platform. Figure 8. Quality process platform.
In terms of low power consumption [34-38], a Raspberry Pi platform has been chosen for the implementation of our application, for many reasons. The raspberry PI has the characteristics of a PC with a minimalist configuration. It offers a multiprocessor architec- ture with a GPU that allows access to a good computational capacity. It offers different peripherals in order to be able to connect and use several peripherals. Since the data do not require significant computational capabilities, Raspberry Pi will be used as a receptacle for the Blockchain used by the researchers. Therefore, Ethereum will be used as the Blockchain implemented in Raspberry. The result of our work is described in Figure 9. The Blockchain, as well as the different transactions performed, is provided. In Figure 9, a virtual machine on which Raspbian OS is installed has been used. Figure 9. Blockchain implemented on Raspbian OS.
In terms of low power consumption [34-38], a Raspberry Pi platform has been chosen for the implementation of our application, for many reasons. The raspberry PI has the characteristics of a PC with a minimalist configuration. It offers a multiprocessor architec- ture with a GPU that allows access to a good computational capacity. It offers different peripherals in order to be able to connect and use several peripherals. Since the data do not require significant computational capabilities, Raspberry Pi will be used as a receptacle for the Blockchain used by the researchers. Therefore, Ethereum will be used as the Blockchain implemented in Raspberry. The result of our work is described in Figure 9. The Blockchain, as well as the different transactions performed, is provided. In Figure 9, a virtual machine on which Raspbian OS is installed has been used. Figure 9. Blockchain implemented on Raspbian OS.
After the smart contract, the Ganache result is presented in Figure 11. It is clear the all transactions are hashed to secure the outcomes.
After the smart contract, the Ganache result is presented in Figure 11. It is clear the all transactions are hashed to secure the outcomes.
Figure 10. Blockchain implementation tools used. “Ss However, the implementation of our Blockchain goes through several steps that will require the use of several tools. To test the custom Ethereum Blockchain, Ganache will be used. The truffle tool will be the provider of our smart contract and, finally, MetaMask will be our crypto wallet. Figure 10 describes the different tools used and already described [39].
Figure 10. Blockchain implementation tools used. “Ss However, the implementation of our Blockchain goes through several steps that will require the use of several tools. To test the custom Ethereum Blockchain, Ganache will be used. The truffle tool will be the provider of our smart contract and, finally, MetaMask will be our crypto wallet. Figure 10 describes the different tools used and already described [39].
Figure 12. Monitoring and securing production: agriculture interface.
Figure 12. Monitoring and securing production: agriculture interface.
After selling olives to the manufacturer to extract olive oil, the transaction was saved on the Blockchain. In Figure 13, the confirmation of the executed transaction is provided. It represents the oil manufacturer interface. Figure 13. Monitoring and securing production: oil manufacturer interface.
After selling olives to the manufacturer to extract olive oil, the transaction was saved on the Blockchain. In Figure 13, the confirmation of the executed transaction is provided. It represents the oil manufacturer interface. Figure 13. Monitoring and securing production: oil manufacturer interface.
The third application actor was the customer, who can access the system to check the identity of the olive producer as well as the oil manufacturer before buying the oil. Figure 14 illustrates this.
The third application actor was the customer, who can access the system to check the identity of the olive producer as well as the oil manufacturer before buying the oil. Figure 14 illustrates this.
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