Corporate Sector in India

The study was based on the development of production functions that characterize the activities of agricultural enterprises in the regions of Russia. Official statistical information on 65 regions of Russia for 2017 and 2018 was used. The conducted research made it possible to identify factors (investments in fixed assets and wages of employees) that affect the volume of production in the agricultural sector in the regions of Russia and suggest using two-factor production functions of high quality to describe this influence. It is proved that the economy of the country's regions has not reached saturation with agricultural products and there are significant reserves for further development of this sector. The developed production functions are effective management tools that allow assessing the level of use of financial and labor resources. The acquired new knowledge and tools for assessing the activities of agriculture in the Russian regions are of scientific and practical importance. They can be used in research of the agricultural sector of the economy, monitoring of production volumes, in determining the needs for resources necessary for the development of agriculture, substantiating plans and programs for its development.

Information technology and its enabled services are exponentially growing and promoting trade and commerce along with generating large employment opportunity in India. The limelight of the corporate culture has attracted various professionals to enter into this sector. However, the sector, which operates in a competitive market, has shown imperfection in its working condition. Predominant informalities in the form of job instability, insecurity, de-skilling of the skilled workers, worse working conditions, unequal employment treatment and influence of social networks in the form of regional and linguistic biases has led to imperfect competition in the sector. The research work has highlighted the imperfection in this sector by taking the sample size of eighty white-collar employees working across eleven IT-ITeS company in India. Hence, the research work is an attempt to focus attention towards informalities and imperfections in this sector that has affected the quality o...

Corporate social responsibility is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. Corporate Social Responsibility is becoming an important activity to businesses nationally and internationally. Different Tata companies have been actively involved in various social work, Tata steel is one of them. In the light of this background, the objective of my paper is to analyse the Corporate Social Responsibility activities performed by Tata Steel from 2009 to 2013 towards rural areas and furthermore to find the Performance of Corporate Social Responsibility practices of Tata Steel Rural Development Society (TSRDS), the Tata Steel Family Initiative Foundation (TSFIF) and the Tribal Cultural Society (TCS) for the same period

Women's groups are increasingly becoming vehicles for political, economic and social empowerment around the world. In India, self-help groups (SHGs) are in the eyes of every field and they are getting support from the government of India, NGO's that are run by social activist and private sector. Each SHG consist of some poor women around 10-20, who live nearby and meet each other on regular basis and they save some small amount their money and deposit their money in a common account .

Information technology and its enabled services are exponentially growing and promoting trade and commerce along with generating large employment opportunity in India. The limelight of the corporate culture has attracted various professionals to enter into this sector. However, the sector, which operates in a competitive market, has shown imperfection in its working condition. Predominant informalities in the form of job instability, insecurity, de-skilling of the skilled workers, worse working conditions, unequal employment treatment and influence of social networks in the form of regional and linguistic biases has led to imperfect competition in the sector. The research work has highlighted the imperfection in this sector by taking the sample size of eighty white-collar employees working across eleven IT-ITeS company in India. Hence, the research work is an attempt to focus attention towards informalities and imperfections in this sector that has affected the quality o...

CSR in India has a long history and India became the first country in the world to legally mandate to follow by the corporates. Ever since 2014 CSR has been a driving force to the corporates. Covid-19 pandemic, has set the stage for major shifts in the way companies view CSR and work with the social sector. Indian Corporates, when formulate their CSR budgets this year, are having tough time to strike a balance between taking stock of appearing health care prerequisite and their traditional social focus areas. CSR is playing a crucial role in the age of this pandemic Covid-19, where business is trying their best to cope of this tremendous challenging time. As a part of commitment on this occasion and importantly the sense of spirituality among Indian Philanthropists, Entrepreneurs and Businessmen's have contributed very generously. These bighearted personalities are supporting those impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic-daily wagers, people living in urban slums and rural areas. At the same time, they have aided in a bigger way in support of Doctors, Nurses, Police Officers and all those who are working relentlessly to fight this pandemic to ensure our people make it through this crisis. Apart from those, they have also contributed well towards the health system, educational needs, healthcare services, water, setting up infrastructural facilities and so on. This study aims at bringing out some of the great personalities' contribution at this crucial time. The sense of spirituality is found in delivering various aid and taking utmost care of the society's needs.

In this paper, we study how lower corporate tax rates impact investment by including two novel channels into a DSGE model used for fiscal policy analysis in Norway. We capture both how foreign firms relocate and invest in the country when corporate taxes are reduced and how the inflow of FDI increase exports which spills over to domestic firms who then increase their investment further. We find that a one percentage point reduction in the corporate tax rate increases investment by 0.6%, most of which can be attributed to the FDI-export link. The corporate tax cut becomes self-financed when the FDI-export link is included, but only if other countries do not follow suit and also lower their corporate tax rates. When using the model to analyze the tax reform in Norway from 2014 to 2019, we find overall positive effects on investment and employment.

This paper draws on empirical evidence from a qualitative study of 28 work teams across seven industry sectors in the UK to present a new conceptualisation of team engagement. It suggests that when examining engagement in work teams, there are 'shades of grey', opposed to teams simply being classified as engaged or disengaged. Depending on team climate (i.e.

The article discusses the factors and problems that have a negative impact on the indicators of economic efficiency of the industry and, thus, hinder the sustainable development of rural areas, and also suggests a number of measures to overcome them. The methods of statistical data analysis and the method of aligning time series are used in the work. Large-scale production, on the one hand, entails an increase in labor productivity, and, on the other hand, generates rural unemployment. It was revealed that high-tech methods of agricultural production lead to an increase in the cost of manufactured products, both in a steady increase in prices for energy resources and concentrated feed, which increases the level of risks in the agricultural business. In addition, non-observance of the norms of crop rotation of sunflower crops on the same land plots entails damage to soil fertility. Such a strategic planning system is needed as part of the legal framework of public administration, whi...

This paper presents the findings of the agriculture public expenditure review (PER) for the Russian Federation. It reviews the policy instruments and historical trends in the volumes and composition of budget support and investigates their role in recent agricultural growth. The paper also analyzes the effect of public spending in 2006-2017 on growth in agriculture using the fixed effects model and find positive effect. Support for general services is the most efficient method of agricultural spending, but in the Russian agricultural budget the subsidies to individual producers prevail. While the prevalence of the subsidies in the budget benefits the largest and most successful producers, this was part of the strategy to create strong value chains in order to compete with imports. However, the efficiency of investment support is decreasing. The paper explores the distribution of support between national and sub-national levels of budgeting system, and finds that the regionalization of support leads to market disintegration and efficiency losses.

The article notes that agriculture in any country performs a socially significant task, providing the population with essential foodstuffs. Very often, agribusiness because of the large difference between the prices of industrial and agricultural products is low profitable or unprofitable. The identification of current trends and analysis of the current state of agribusiness in the livestock industry of the Russian Federation is the goal of this study. For the period from 2000 to 2017, the increase in the share of meat production in large-scale formations in them occurred in the country. In the structure of the concentration of livestock animals, there was an overflow of the number of livestock of domestic animals from large-scale to small-scale forms of management: especially cattle, cows, horses from agricultural organizations to peasant (farmer) farms. At present, the polarization of agricultural agri-formations is growing: on the one hand, the number of agricultural holdings is growing, on the other hand, the number of peasant (farmer) farms is increasing. There is a general reduction in the number of large livestock and an increase in the number of livestock of small domestic animals. Currently, strategic management decisions are needed to increase the level of food self-sufficiency of the population with meat, milk and meat and dairy products. It is very important to preserve the rural way of life, rural social infrastructure facilities, as well as rural jobs for 26% of rural residents of the country.

This paper traces the evolution of planning procedures in India, from the wartime controls to the system of centralized command-type planning which was extended to the private sector through industrial licensing. It was found that although the planners and policymakers in India initially understood the need for the use ofa variety of instruments and controls for indicative-type planning in a mixed economy, there has always been a mismatch between planning intentions and the use of instrumenls in their more appropriate form. A quantitative evaluation of planned performance over the seven Five Year Plans has also been provided. J. Camp. &mom.. 14(4), December 1990, pp. 68 l-7 12. Office of the Economic Adviser,

Information technology and its enabled services are exponentially growing and promoting trade and commerce along with generating large employment opportunity in India. The limelight of the corporate culture has attracted various professionals to enter into this sector. However, the sector, which operates in a competitive market, has shown imperfection in its working condition. Predominant informalities in the form of job instability, insecurity, de-skilling of the skilled workers, worse working conditions, unequal employment treatment and influence of social networks in the form of regional and linguistic biases has led to imperfect competition in the sector. The research work has highlighted the imperfection in this sector by taking the sample size of eighty white-collar employees working across eleven IT-ITeS company in India. Hence, the research work is an attempt to focus attention towards informalities and imperfections in this sector that has affected the quality o...

This paper examines the paradox of the diminishing institutional role of large central public sector enterprises despite rising profitability and investment as a result of their being efficient competitors in the new market environment. Under the neo-liberal regime of the last two decades, these CPSES, with large cash balances and improved profitability, have emerged as the main drivers of public savings and investment. But instead of enhancing their strategic role, the union government has been treating them as cash cows. A comparison of the performance of large private and public sector firms in the manufacturing sector shows that the CPSES have provided higher returns on capital employed. And, performance in terms of technical parameters is in no way inferior to that of their private counterparts. Yet the

This paper examines the paradox of the diminishing institutional role of large central public sector enterprises despite rising profitability and investment as a result of their being efficient competitors in the new market environment. Under the neo-liberal regime of the last two decades, these CPSES, with large cash balances and improved profitability, have emerged as the main drivers of public savings and investment. But instead of enhancing their strategic role, the union government has been treating them as cash cows. A comparison of the performance of large private and public sector firms in the manufacturing sector shows that the CPSES have provided higher returns on capital employed. And, performance in terms of technical parameters is in no way inferior to that of their private counterparts. Yet the

The international business literature is belatedly recognizing the significance of large family-controlled business groups in emerging markets. Most research has focused on analyzing the impact of concentrations of private wealth on economic development in home countries using panel data. This paper examines the growth and persistence of business groups since 1951 in one country-India. Since Independence, the government has attempted to operate an economic policy framework that had, amongst its prime objectives, the curbing of the tendency of business groups to concentrate economic power. As their growth was seen as synonymous with concentration of wealth, business groups became obvious candidates for regulation. Various policy instruments were introduced, such as the Industries (Development and Regulation) (IDR) Act 1951 and the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act 1969, with the aim of erecting barriers to their growth. In 1991, economic reform ushered in the removal of the legislative barriers to business group growth. The analysis in this paper concludes that large business groups expanded their share of wealth between 1951 and 1969, but this growth was arrested between 1970 and 1990, and since 1991, it has dwindled. The pre-eminent position of Tata and Birla, as the two largest business groups, remained unchallenged from 1951 until the emergence of the Reliance Group in the late 1990s. However, there has been frequent change in the relative positions of other groups in and out of the Top-20. After economic liberalisation accelerated from 1991, there was significant change in the ranks of business groups in the Top-20. Existing smaller groups or newly emerging groups, particularly in the IT and telecommunications sectors, have replaced many of the previously dominant older groups. This is interpreted as indicating the central role of entrepreneurship in combination with technological innovation, and the opening up of the Indian economy to international competition, in disturbing established business hierarchies in India. More generally, policy intervention appears to have been less effective in breaking up concentrations of economic power in India than economic liberalization and increased competition.

CSR is increasingly a misunderstood and much debated concept worldwide. There is a saying in the business, "Business of the business is to do business and nothing else". Profit is the only and dominating objective of the business, as profit is needed both for the working and growth of the business. Over the time, there has been a sea change in the objectivity and priority of business. From a commercial unit, the business now has been a social entity with corporate citizenship. CSR is fast becoming an increasing business strategy both nationally and globally. CSR practices of Indian companies got a radical boost with statutory provision in the Companies Act 2013 that make it mandatory to every Indian company and foreign entity with Indian presence to spend 2 per cent of its average net profits of its profit made during the three immediately preceding financial years, in pursuance of its Corporate Social Responsibility Policy. There exists difference in the outlook of companies towards social causes and varying CSR policies and practices. Also Public and private sector divide in CSR practices prevails. There is need for continuous investigation of the changing social and economic needs and the role of corporate houses in meeting the aspirations of the stakeholders and the society at large. Keeping this in view, the present paper entitled "CSR and Corporate India: A Study on Public and Private Sector Divide" is a sincere attempt to make a comparative analysis of CSR practices of public sector and private sector companies with special emphasis on industries of Kalinganagar steel hub of Odisha.

Quarterly indices of output like those of Industrial Production, other measures of production like net sales, exports, of companies for which data is available, besides proxies like credit to the sector, and indices of price levels have been used to forward project the growth rates of GDP04-05, for the principal sectors of the National Income Accounts (NAS). These were then compared with the growth rates given by the new Gross Value Added (GVA11-12) at constant price measure. It is very highly probable that some sectors of the National Accounts Statistics (NAS) notably Manufacturing, and Trade, Transport, Storage, Hotels and Communication Sectors were overestimated, especially in periods when the output (economic activity) was slowing down. This questions the use of the new GVA series for macroeconomic (policy) actions, wherein more than extensiveness of coverage, the movements over time of the measure have to be reliable and accurate. This is especially so because manufacturing and its related sector-trade etc., are the core sectors which are responsive to changes in policy and to shocks (that could be countered), wherein there is deep overestimation. Some evening out of the overestimation is noticed over the upswing in the business cycle since 2017:2. However the demonetization which rudely reduced demand did not allow the "phase shifting" and "flattening" aspects, which the new GVA series possibly imposes to be examined in detail, although the same is suggested.

Quarterly indices of output like those of Industrial Production, other measures of production like net sales, exports, of companies for which data is available, besides proxies like credit to the sector, and indices of price levels have been used to forward project the growth rates of GDP04-05, for the principal sectors of the National Income Accounts (NAS). These were then compared with the growth rates given by the new Gross Value Added (GVA11-12) at constant price measure. It is very highly probable that some sectors of the National Accounts Statistics (NAS) notably Manufacturing, and Trade, Transport, Storage, Hotels and Communication Sectors were overestimated, especially in periods when the output (economic activity) was slowing down. This questions the use of the new GVA series for macroeconomic (policy) actions, wherein more than extensiveness of coverage, the movements over time of the measure have to be reliable and accurate. This is especially so because manufacturing and its related sector-trade etc., are the core sectors which are responsive to changes in policy and to shocks (that could be countered), wherein there is deep overestimation. Some evening out of the overestimation is noticed over the upswing in the business cycle since 2017:2. However the demonetization which rudely reduced demand did not allow the "phase shifting" and "flattening" aspects, which the new GVA series possibly imposes to be examined in detail, although the same is suggested.

Quarterly indices of output like those of Industrial Production, other measures of production like net sales, exports, of companies for which data is available, besides proxies like credit to the sector, and indices of price levels have been used to forward project the growth rates of GDP04-05, for the principal sectors of the National Income Accounts (NAS). These were then compared with the growth rates given by the new Gross Value Added (GVA11-12) at constant price measure. It is very highly probable that some sectors of the National Accounts Statistics (NAS) notably Manufacturing, and Trade, Transport, Storage, Hotels and Communication Sectors were overestimated, especially in periods when the output (economic activity) was slowing down. This questions the use of the new GVA series for macroeconomic (policy) actions, wherein more than extensiveness of coverage, the movements over time of the measure have to be reliable and accurate. This is especially so because manufacturing and its related sector-trade etc., are the core sectors which are responsive to changes in policy and to shocks (that could be countered), wherein there is deep overestimation. Some evening out of the overestimation is noticed over the upswing in the business cycle since 2017:2. However the demonetization which rudely reduced demand did not allow the "phase shifting" and "flattening" aspects, which the new GVA series possibly imposes to be examined in detail, although the same is suggested.

Indian companies follow Anglo-American model of corporate governance in which shareholders are the
owners of the company. Since manager's pay package is linked to performance, their focus would be on short term
maximization of profits whereas shareholders look for value maximization. This conflict of interest creates agency
cost. From an Indian perspective, big family conglomerates have become public limited companies. Promoters
continue to hold high percentage of holding. For e.g. Reliance Industries promoter holding is 46.53%, Wipro
73.34%, HCL technologies 60.38%, Jindal steel 61.89%, Adani ports 49.82% and so on. This paper examines the
shareholding pattern in Sensex 30 companies and the impact of promoter holding on performance indicators.
Secondary data which comprises of the published financial data of these 30 companies have been used to arrive at
the findings and inferences. The paper also highlights other aspects about high promoter holding which are unique
from an India context
Keywords: Promoter holding, Anglo American Model of governance, Agency cost, Dominant shareholder,
Minority shareholder

corporate agency vigorously acts as an important business sector in any nation. The success of this business lies in effective team management and development which in turn influences this corporate ef iciency. This research investigates the factors responsible for boosting corporate ef iciency in connection to the motivation and encouragement and the role of team management and
A development. An empirical analysis was conducted via an exhaustive survey in the field with the actual staf of various corporate firms. An exclusive questionnaire survey was designed and floated to the 90 participants. The analysis was performed in SPSS using frequency analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that the majority of team members are satisfied with the organization and they are motivated and encouraged with high emotional stability. The identified factors were validated through factor analysis in SPSS. The study also identified the opinion of participants on improving the current process of the firm. Various interesting and useful responses were gathered. Based on the obtained results, the study proposed a few recommendations to improve the current business process. This study is a roadmap and eye-opening work for various corporate organization, especially the recommendations can be considered and the policies can be re-framed.

Previously, business management is considered to be more productive with hard work and technical knowledge. In the present century, the productiveness of business management also involves effective communication. Good communication in business is necessary to develop the team members and reach the standard level in business. Good communication is necessary among leaders, employees, shareholders, financial management, customer, and the general public. The current research aims to understand the presence of good communication in business management. The survey research has collected the responses from 90 respondents from U.A.E. The survey responses were collected through online forms and were validate through Cronbach's α and KMO tests. The questioners involved the effect of good communication with clarity and its role on active listening and feedback within and outside the department. The study has found the importance of good communication in business management. In conclusion, the study has suggested that business management must need effective communication to avoid confusion; good communication must need interpersonal skills to enhance the management process's clarity. The speaker must use a dif erent strategy to grab the listeners' attention, and the feedback of the members depends on the understanding. The business process must have inter and intra department communication for ef ective productivity.

Previously, business management is considered to be more productive with hard work and technical knowledge. In the present century, the productiveness of business management also involves effective communication. Good communication in business is necessary to develop the team members and reach the standard level in business. Good communication is necessary among leaders, employees, shareholders, financial management, customer, and the general public. The current research aims to understand the presence of good communication in business management. The survey research has collected the responses from 90 respondents from U.A.E. The survey responses were collected through online forms and were validate through Cronbach's α and KMO tests. The questioners involved the effect of good communication with clarity and its role on active listening and feedback within and outside the department. The study has found the importance of good communication in business management. In conclusion, the study has suggested that business management must need effective communication to avoid confusion; good communication must need interpersonal skills to enhance the management process's clarity. The speaker must use a different strategy to grab the listeners' attention, and the feedback of the members depends on the understanding. The business process must have inter and intra department communication for effective productivity.

A corporate agency vigorously acts as an important business sector in any nation. The success of this business lies in effective team management and development which in turn influences this corporate efficiency. This research investigates the factors responsible for boosting corporate efficiency in connection to the motivation and encouragement and the role of team management and development. An empirical analysis was conducted via an exhaustive survey in the field with the actual staff of various corporate firms. An exclusive questionnaire survey was designed and floated to the 90 participants. The analysis was performed in SPSS using frequency analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that the majority of team members are satisfied with the organization and they are motivated and encouraged with high emotional stability. The identified factors were validated through factor analysis in SPSS. The study also identified the opinion of participants on improving the current process of the firm. Various interesting and useful responses were gathered. Based on the obtained results, the study proposed a few recommendations to improve the current business process. This study is a roadmap and eye-opening work for various corporate organization, especially the recommendations can be considered and the policies can be re-framed.

Previously, business management is considered to be more productive with hard work and technical knowledge. In the present century, the productiveness of business management also involves effective communication. Good communication in business is necessary to develop the team members and reach the standard level in business. Good communication is necessary among leaders, employees, shareholders, financial management, customer, and the general public. The current research aims to understand the presence of good communication in business management. The survey research has collected the responses from 90 respondents from U.A.E. The survey responses were collected through online forms and were validate through Cronbach's α and KMO tests. The questioners involved the effect of good communication with clarity and its role on active listening and feedback within and outside the department. The study has found the importance of good communication in business management. In conclusion, the study has suggested that business management must need effective communication to avoid confusion; good communication must need interpersonal skills to enhance the management process's clarity. The speaker must use a different strategy to grab the listeners' attention, and the feedback of the members depends on the understanding. The business process must have inter and intra department communication for effective productivity

A corporate agency vigorously acts as an important business sector in any nation. The success of this business lies in effective team management and development which in turn influences this corporate efficiency. This research investigates the factors responsible for boosting corporate efficiency in connection to the motivation and encouragement and the role of team management and development. An empirical analysis was conducted via an exhaustive survey in the field with the actual staff of various corporate firms. An exclusive questionnaire survey was designed and floated to the 90 participants. The analysis was performed in SPSS using frequency analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that the majority of team members are satisfied with the organization and they are motivated and encouraged with high emotional stability. The identified factors were validated through factor analysis in SPSS. The study also identified the opinion of participants on improving the current process of the firm. Various interesting and useful responses were gathered. Based on the obtained results, the study proposed a few recommendations to improve the current business process. This study is a roadmap and eye-opening work for various corporate organization, especially the recommendations can be considered and the policies can be re-framed.

A corporate agency vigorously acts as an important business sector in any nation. The success of this business lies in effective team management and development which in turn influences this corporate efficiency. This research investigates the factors responsible for boosting corporate efficiency in connection to the motivation and encouragement and the role of team management and development. An empirical analysis was conducted via an exhaustive survey in the field with the actual staff of various corporate firms. An exclusive questionnaire survey was designed and floated to the 90 participants. The analysis was performed in SPSS using frequency analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that the majority of team members are satisfied with the organization and they are motivated and encouraged with high emotional stability. The identified factors were validated through factor analysis in SPSS. The study also identified the opinion of participants on improving the current process of the firm. Various interesting and useful responses were gathered. Based on the obtained results, the study proposed a few recommendations to improve the current business process. This study is a roadmap and eye-opening work for various corporate organization, especially the recommendations can be considered and the policies can be re-framed.

Without ethics, morality and justice, capitalism will be  soulless. It has to reinvent itself for the post-Covid world, where businesses and corporations have to substitute their bottom line - profit - with social welfare for their own survival.

The claim of sharp reduction in effective corporate tax rate to 25.11% does not, in fact, represent any significant reduction in the tax burden that the companies bear at present, and hence, the fiscal instrument available for improvement in corporate investment gets blunted. Apart from frittering away the tax potential, this measure will shift the tax burden to individuals. Also, several non-manufacturing companies and a handful of large companies are likely to benefit from the measure.

Of late, the rising inequality, whether that is in wealth or income, has received the attention of both academic and policy makers. Central to income inequality are the distributional issues; that is labour’s share in income. The International Labour Organisation (2015), in its Global Wage Report 2014/15, argued that rising inequality across the globe was more of a labour market phenomenon. Lower wage rate or disproportionate increase in productivity and wage contributes to income inequality. Lack of paid employment also compounds the problem of income inequality. Wage share in total value added mirrors these labour market developments and thus wage share becomes a relevant issue from the welfare point of view. Generation of employment in the manufacturing sector has remained a major goal of industrialisation in India. Several studies have pointed out declining wage share in this sector, particularly since the early 1990s. Wage share can decline if manufacturing becomes more capital intensive which tends to increase the share of capital in income. Capital intensity differs from industry to industry. Thus, gaining a good understanding of the wage share requires a detailed analysis at the industry level. This paper aims to explore the link between real wage growth and labour productivity and their link with wage share across industries. Findings of this study would contribute to a better understanding of the factors responsible for wealth and income inequality, and also the welfare implications of the changes perceived to be important for ease of doing businesses, of which labour market related issues have become central. This study relies on Annual Survey of Industries (ASI), which is the principal source of data for studies in manufacturing. As the ASI has used different National Industrial Classifications (NICs), this study concords ASI data series at the disaggregate level starting from 1973–74.

The ever increasing role of the manufacturing sector in realising the dreams of establishing the ‘socialistic pattern of the society’ can never be undermined in the context of Indian economy. Since independencea number of industrial policies were taken up to foster the growth of manufacturing sector and other industries in India. The first phase of globalisation measures were initiated in late 1980s which resulted into an unsustainable growth story led by huge external borrowing andthat ultimately culminated into the exchange rate crisis of 1991. In combating with such a severe crisis, the New Economic Policy was promulgated on 24th July, 1991 following the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) initiated by the Government of India as per IMF directions. The present paper evaluates the growth of the industry especially manufacturing industry under alternative policy regimes. Aggregate data on national economy and manufacturing sector were collected from National Account Statistics accessed from EPW Research Foundation database. The analysis of the study suggested that the growth of GDP of Indian economy and manufacturing sector (both registered and unregistered) stepped up notably in the post-liberalisation period as compared to those in the pre-liberalisation era indicating the positive impact of the liberalisation measures on the economy in general and manufacturing sector in particular. The capital formation of the manufacturing sector was also positively influenced by the pro-market reforms policies initiated in the late 1980s and in the early 1990s. The productivity of the manufacturing sector improved in the post-liberalisation era as compared to the pre-reform period as signified by the decreasing capital output ratio in the post-reform regime.

The paper deals with international and Russian structural problems in agriculture. The objective of the paper is the research of structural changes in the agricultural sector of Russia and their change under the effect of the 'sectoral' sanctions and the food commodity import substitution policy. The theoretical base for this paper has become the works of the scientists dealing with the problems of the structural economic development at the macro level. The nature of the structural shifts in the Russian agrarian sector was discovered, as well as the disproportions in development of different countries, especially those producing the threat to the food supply security and thus the economic safety of the states. The authors have studied the structure of the main commodity groups influencing the solution of the import substitution problem; computed the basic indicators of the corresponding structural shifts; and highlighted the most efficient groups of the agricultural producers. Also, the paper represents the econometric model of the structural shifts and the assessment of the level of self-sufficiency with agricultural production in Russia. The research has been conducted based on the methodology of structural analysis represented in the scientific pursuits of the foreign and national scientists. It also contains the conclusion about the necessity of strengthening the structural policy in the animal husbandry. In particular, import substitution in the sub-branches of the agriculture and food industry should be combined with the export development in the other spheres (based on the methodology of full and efficient use of the available agricultural potential).

The Indian corporate debt market is principally directed by three foundations to be specific the SEBI, the IRDA and the RBI. The extent of the Indian debt market is assessed to be Rs. 103.49 lakh crore as on 31st March 2017. The measure of the Government and Corporate securities showcase was Rs. 75.45 lakh crore and Rs.28.03 lakh crore individually (BIS, 2012). India, being an emerging economy, has a corporate bond market not as penetrated as is the case for developed economies such as USA, Singapore and South Korea. However, the fact that emerging counterparts such as Malaysia and Thailand boast of a corporate debt market more active and developed than India does pose a serious concern for the debt market liberators of the country. Of the very few organizations that have made use of corporate debt instruments, most of them are banks, public sector oil companies and financial institutions. This necessitates that a substantial portion of the corporate debt in India is held by quasi-government entities.

Information technology and its enabled services are exponentially growing and promoting trade and commerce along with generating large employment opportunity in India. The limelight of the corporate culture has attracted various professionals to enter into this sector. However, the sector, which operates in a competitive market, has shown imperfection in its working condition. Predominant informalities in the form of job instability, insecurity, de-skilling of the skilled workers, worse working conditions, unequal employment treatment and influence of social networks in the form of regional and linguistic biases has led to imperfect competition in the sector. The research work has highlighted the imperfection in this sector by taking the sample size of eighty white-collar employees working across eleven IT-ITeS company in India. Hence, the research work is an attempt to focus attention towards informalities and imperfections in this sector that has affected the quality of employment and the social structure of employees. JEL classification numbers: J5, L2

— The article discusses the trends and prospects of development of the three sectors of rural entrepreneurship: corporate, individual and family, formal and informal; analyze the transformation of household farms; an assessment of efficiency of development of small forms of agricultural production, it is concluded that the major agricultural organizations lost their dominant position.

This paper examines the paradox of the diminishing institutional role of large central public sector enterprises despite rising profitability and investment as a result of their being efficient competitors in the new market environment. Under the neo-liberal regime of the last two decades, these CPSES, with large cash balances and improved profitability, have emerged as the main drivers of public savings and investment. But instead of enhancing their strategic role, the union government has been treating them as cash cows. A comparison of the performance of large private and public sector firms in the manufacturing sector shows that the CPSES have provided higher returns on capital employed. And, performance in terms of technical parameters is in no way inferior to that of their private counterparts. Yet the Modi government intends to either privatise these CPSES or sell a significant part of their equity shares, a decision that is devoid of both strategic and business sense.

This paper examines the paradox of the diminishing institutional role of large central public sector enterprises despite rising profitability and investment as a result of their being efficient competitors in the new market environment. Under the neo-liberal regime of the last two decades, these CPSES, with large cash balances and improved profitability, have emerged as the main drivers of public savings and investment. But instead of enhancing their strategic role, the union government has been treating them as cash cows. A comparison of the performance of large private and public sector firms in the manufacturing sector shows that the CPSES have provided higher returns on capital employed. And, performance in terms of technical parameters is in no way inferior to that of their private counterparts. Yet the Modi government intends to either privatise these CPSES or sell a significant part of their equity shares, a decision that is devoid of both strategic and business sense.

Two recent press releases by the Central Statistics Office substantially revise the new series of National Accounts Statistics. The new releases are more than just routine updates, and entail methodological changes and incorporate new sources of data, perhaps in response to various critiques. Yet, on comparing the advance estimates released with past such estimates, the CSO’s latest growth projections once again turn out to be far too optimistic.

The purpose of this paper is to test hypotheses regarding the mix of bank borrowing and bonds that occur under relationship banking, thereby constructing a detailed data set on the debt structure of large Japanese firms from the late 1980s to the 1990s. We show that debt choice is affected by main bank relationships, in the sense that successful firms with strong bank ties are much more likely to issue public bonds than resort to bank borrowing.

There is concern that corporations have borrowed too much, and that therefore bank balance sheets are strained as well. Contrary to this popular view, it is argued here that the company finance data of the corporate sector in general does not support that this is so.

This paper, which focuses on the analysis of movements in the rate of profit in the US corporate sector, is part of a larger study. The overall purpose of the study is to ground an explanation of why the current economic crisis erupted in a long-term analysis of the ...

Revisiting the MCA-21-based estimates of the size of the private corporate sector in the rebased National Accounts Statistics, it is argued that the use of a single blow-up factor for non-government non-financial public and private limited companies could be leading to an overestimation of gross value added and gross savings. If there has to be a blow-up, it should be done separately, given the distinct characteristics of public and private limited companies.

An analysis of the new 2011–12 series of National Accounts Statistics to understand the trends of GDP growth and the sector-wise break-up. Data up to the advance estimates for 2014–15 are explored. The service sector continues to lead growth, manufacturing shows a revival, while agriculture has once again slowed down.

This paper examines the paradox of the diminishing
institutional role of large central public sector enterprises
despite rising profitability and investment as a result of
their being efficient competitors in the new market
environment. Under the neo-liberal regime of the last
two decades, these CPSES, with large cash balances and
improved profitability, have emerged as the main drivers
of public savings and investment. But instead of
enhancing their strategic role, the union government
has been treating them as cash cows. A comparison of
the performance of large private and public sector firms
in the manufacturing sector shows that the CPSES have
provided higher returns on capital employed. And,
performance in terms of technical parameters is in no
way inferior to that of their private counterparts. Yet the
Modi government intends to either privatise these CPSES
or sell a significant part of their equity shares, a decision
that is devoid of both strategic and business sens

This paper examines the financing pattern of private corporate sector in India. Several studies in the last three decades have increasingly emphasized the role of finance in influencing investment activities of firms. In India, the state had actively fostered the development of financial system till the 1980s, though it favored bank-based system. With the ushering in of financial sector reforms since the early 1990s, the emphasis on equity market has gone up. This paper finds that while corporate sector relied more on bank/institution sources of funding till the early 1990s, its reliance on equity market has gone up since then. The paper ends with a discussion on the implications of such changing financing pattern.