Contextual Analysis

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

The Italian term biodiversità (a translation from the English biodiversity, itself an abbreviation of the term biological diversity) was coined in 1988 by the American entomologist Edward O. Wilson (1929-2021) by juxtaposing the Greek term bios (which indicates the linear life of living beings, i.e. life that has a beginning and an end and is opposed to zoè, cyclical life) with the Latin diversitas (diversity). By juxtaposing terms from different historical and cultural backgrounds, the intention is also etymologically to emphasise the value of variety, considering it a wealth to be preserved. The UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), adopted in Nairobi (Kenya) in 1992 and now ratified by 192 countries, defines biodiversity as the diversity and variability of living organisms and the ecological systems in which they live, emphasising that the loss of biodiversity represents a global environmental threat, and that diversity must be protected:

- at the genetic level, meaning genetic diversity within a single species.
- at the species level, thus explicitly referring to the importance of preserving the richness of species living on our planet, a richness that can be measured either in terms of numbers (quantifying the number of species present in each area) or species frequency (i.e. their rarity or abundance in a given territory).
- at the ecosystem level, i.e., defining the number and abundance of habitats, communities, and ecosystems within which different organisms live and evolve.

Today, safeguarding biodiversity is a crucial issue. It should be a moral imperative for capitalist and industrialised countries that often put the reasons for profit before those of the planet’s health. In Italy, the centrality of this issue is confirmed by the establishment of the National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC - https://www.nbfc.it/). This interdisciplinary centre aims to combine national scientific research excellence and modern technologies to monitor, conserve, restore and enhance Italian and Mediterranean biodiversity. However, the dialogue that the hard sciences have initiated with the humanities could be deeper and more productive than the one currently underway.
With the conviction that only the overcoming of the ‘two cultures’ paradigm will allow the ecological challenges of our time to be tackled adequately from a
conceptual and operational point of view, we propose to open a complete and authentic interdisciplinary dialogue between humanistic knowledge and the natural sciences. Specifically, we propose to investigate the capacity of Aesthetics to dialogue with disciplines that study the environment, living beings and human beings (natural and biological sciences, literature, art history, historical, political, social and economic sciences), also promoting their reciprocal
relationship from a methodological point of view given a rethinking of green thinking, which is now more urgent than ever. A dialogue that does not represent the outcome of a linear conceptual path but the point of arrival of a work of ‘etymological-conceptual rediscovery’ that, in the last decades of the 20th century, has made it possible to return once again to the 18th-century roots of the discipline of aesthetics, affirming its status as a non-specialist philosophy. Indeed, if, as Gernot Böhme suggests, ‘we approach the field of aesthetics by appealing to the questions of an extended ecology, the door is opened to another aesthetics, very different from the previous one’ (G. Böhme, Für eine ökologische Naturästhetik, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am M. 1999, p. 7), a Natural Aesthetics that allows us to grasp the innovative impulses for the present, bringing this philosophical discipline ever closer to ecological issues.
The conference is therefore dedicated to analysing the relationship between Aesthetics and Biodiversity, attempting to make a conceptual clarification and a reflection on method, and weaving a dense dialogue with scientific, philosophical and artistic-literary disciplines.

Preface VII -Janice Coen: Computational modeling of wildland fire behavior and weather for research and forecasting, -Vittoria Colizza: Computational epidemiology: a new paradigm in the fight against infectious diseases, -Peter Coveney: Grid computing at the petascale, -Mark Jarrell: Massively parallel and multi-scale simulations of strongly correlated electronic systems We would like to thank all keynote speakers for their interesting and inspiring talks and for submitting the abstracts and papers for this proceedings volume.

Introduction: Community water fluoridation (CWF) is a measure of recognized importance due to its effectiveness in preventing tooth decay at the population level. However, for the maximum benefit to be achieved, the high-quality standard of CWF must be maintained over time. Objective: To analyze the municipality-level characteristics associated with quality of water fluoridation in São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: An ecological study was performed using official data sources on fluoride concentration surveillance in 2015. The outcome was municipalities that have not met the quality standard, identified as those with less than 80% of water samples within the optimal level for caries prevention. The independent variables were municipality-level indicators related to demographics, economics, and sanitation characteristics. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: In total, 43.4% municipalities exhibited the outcome. Ad...

as always, we appreciate having the opportunity to exchange views on this topic (and most any other) with Stacey Dogan and Mark Lemley. We benefited greatly from the opportunity to present draft versions of the article in a number of venues, including

Dorota Goluch. He works as a Lecturer in Translation Studies at the University of Bisha in KSA, and as a Deputy Theme Lead for Transnational Cultural and Visual Studies and as a Teaching Assistant of Translation at Cardiff University. His research interests include the sociology of translation, the history of translations, bibliographies of translations, and the intersection of translation with AI. He has collaborated with organisations such as YMCA, Translators without Borders, and Boom Cymru TV Ltd.

The objective of this research is to investigate the impact of job satisfaction on workers' productivity. It describes how content an individual works are done with his or him job. There are a variety of factors that can influence a person's level of job satisfaction. Some of the factors include the level of pay and benefits, the perceived fairness of the promotion, quality, leadership and social relationship. The specific objectives are; to investigate the impact of job safety and security and security on employee's productivity and to determine the extent to which promotion affect employee's productivity. Management should improve on job safety and security so that it will enhance high level of productivity. Good working conditions should be implemented in order to improve workers performance.

Mjere za smanjenje buke od prometa u urbanim sredinama U radu su cjelovito prikazane mjere za smanjenje razine buke od prometa. Navedeni su osnovni uzroci nastajanja povišenih razina buke od cestovnog prometa i prometa prisilno vođenih vozila. Opisane su uobičajene mjere koje se primjenjuju u poslovno-stambenim zonama gradova većine europskih zemalja. Kritički je uspoređena primjena razmatranih mjera u Hrvatskoj, u odnosu na one koje se poduzimaju u zemljama članicama Europske Unije, posebice one koje se odnose na urbane sredine.

U radu su cjelovito prikazane mjere za smanjenje razine buke od prometa. Navedeni su osnovni uzroci nastajanja povisenih razina buke od cestovnog prometa i prometa prisilno vođenih vozila. Opisane su uobicajene mjere koje se primjenjuju u poslovno-stambenim zonama gradova vecine europskih zemalja. Kriticki je uspoređena primjena razmatranih mjera u Hrvatskoj, u odnosu na one koje se poduzimaju u zemljama clanicama Europske Unije, posebice one koje se odnose na urbane sredine

Objective: The goal of this research is to build up a determined model of creation that unequivocally sees the arising tasks and scenarios of logistics in getting over new hoarding frameworks and authoritative designs and legitimate plans that have made due to new serious market pressure and competitiveness with a framework of a new theory ‘logistics strategic communication theory’. Methodology: The research method used for this research paper is contextual analysis. Findings: Logistics executives is a practice for organizations since it promotes competition and achieves improvements in the interest of the organizations. Logistics get combined into the general administration of the organization, bringing about a progression of data between various cycles and entertainers associated with the inventory network. Implications: The presentation of ICT and the exceptional mechanical upheaval have made another serious climate, in light of the globalization of the economy and solid rivalry....

of a color. 6 In the Ninth Circuit, color alone may never be a registered trademark, regardless of whether or not the color identifies the source of goods and/or services to the public, and whether or not the color is non-functional. The two cases are completely at odds with each other. 7 Since the Federal Circuit's Owens-Coming' decision, several cases have dealt with the issue of color and trademark law. Qualitex, however, is the first federal appellate court case since Owens-Corning to deal specifically with the issue of registrability of color per se. NutraSweet Co. v. Stadt Corp. ,' a Seventh Circuit case, dealt with the issue of protection of color as trade dress under section 43(a) of the Lanham Act,"°12 not registrability. Master Distributors, Inc. v. Pako 6 Courts that have denied protection for color have denied it on the basis of either common law trademark rights or under section 43(a) of the Lanham Act. See, e.g.,

Accidents involving venomous animals are a public health issue due to their frequency of occurrence and severity, especially in rural areas, where access to the health service can be difficult and there is a delay in care. Severity varies according to the causative agent, among other factors, but accidents are always considered clinical emergencies due to the high risk of death in the event of late treatment. This study looked at the frequency of accidents reported to the Rio Grande do Sul State Toxicological Information Center from 2014 to 2023, with the aim of broadening the veterinarian's clinical view of these cases. During this period, the most common types of accident were snakebites (49%), accidents caused by spiders (27.3%) and bee attacks (10%), respectively. Snakes of the genus Bothrops spp topped the ranking for the highest number of cases (96.3%), probably due to their wide geographical distribution and aggressive defense behavior. The same happened with accidents caused by spiders, where Phoneutria spp were identified as the main causative agents (49%). Their peridomiciliary habit and aggressive behavior may be related to the higher frequency of accidents caused by this genus. Accidents with bees were quite frequent (10%), and the risk involved is mainly due to the chance of massive attacks and hypersensitivity reactions. There were also accidents involving scorpions, which accounted for 6.5% of all notifications, and 15 accidents involving stinging caterpillars (3.63%), which do not represent accidents of toxicological interest because they are species of low medical importance. The number of accidents involving unknown agents was significant and may reflect significant underreporting. It is extremely important for veterinarians to be able to recognize clinical syndromes and make a diagnosis as quickly as possible. The Toxicological Information Centre can be a very useful tool in identifying agents and guiding standardized protocols, with the aim of optimizing patient prognosis.

This study examined housing problems and homelessness after separation in a sample of 110 women who had experienced domestic violence. Of the sample, 38% reported homelessness. Similar percentages reported housing problems (e.g., late paying rent, skipping meals, threatened with eviction). Predictors of more housing problems included experiencing a greater severity of violence, contacting fewer formal systems, having less informational support, and receiving a negative response from welfare. Women's odds of reporting homelessness were reduced by 30% if police officers responded positively. These findings highlight the importance of changing system responses in an effort to reduce women's housing problems and risks for homelessness after separation.

Focusing on late Roman bracelets, and also including other relevant material culture types, this paper brings together an examination of spatial distribution, distribution by site-type, and selected specifi c burial contexts to investigate provincial Roman material of non-local origin. Using this methodology, it is suggested that migrant communities can be identifi ed at Krefeld-Gellep in the Rhineland -thus demonstrating that this type of multi-layered approach can assist in unravelling the complexity of the surviving evidence. The study also shows that a bias towards military sites/large towns is a distribution pattern typical of material originating from a different area of the Roman Empire.

Social media platforms have significantly transformed communication, fostering the widespread use of abbreviations, slang, and emojis. These dynamic and ever-evolving expressions present unique challenges for generative AI systems, which often struggle to understand, contextualize, and accurately process informal language. This paper investigates the inherent limitations of generative AI in dealing with the complexities of social media communication, focusing on its difficulties in parsing and interpreting acronyms, slang, and non-standard expressions. Additionally, we propose several strategies for improving AI's ability to understand and process these forms of language, including the incorporation of advanced contextual analysis, domain-specific training data, and adaptive learning techniques.

Most white Americans don't] know how Negroes live . . . . I'm sure they have nothing whatever against Negroes, but that's really not the question . . . . The question is really a kind of apathy and ignorance, which is the price we pay for segregation. That's what segregation means. You don't know what's happening on the other side of the wall, because you don't want to know. 1 Legal education in the United States cannot adequately prepare tomorrow's lawyers without exposing them to the contexts that have given rise to the doctrines that are the bread and butter of daily classroom experience. Few tools are more effective in getting students to focus on the bigger picture than documentary films. Such films vividly display the impossibility of understanding legal clashes without appreciating how the disputants came to be in the relationships that produced the conflicts in the first instance. Here's why. We live in a society composed of multiple overlapping, variously fluid groups categorized by race, ethnicity, and nationality; sex, gender, and sexual orientation; socioeconomic class; age and abilities; religion; and geography. These groups constantly compete for economic, cultural, and political capital and the legal ability to protect their acquisitions. Amid these conflicts, the intentional torts 2 regime can operate as a source of freedom and protection or oppression and control. The intentional torts doctrines exacerbate, ameliorate, or resolve intergroup and intragroup clashes by clamping down on or leaving unconstrained private physical and emotional violence in ways that affect the distribution of resources. I Am Not Your Negro: A mAjor motIoN PIcture DIrecteD bY rAoul Peck from texts bY jAmes bAlDwIN 40 (Raoul Peck ed., 2017). The intentional torts include assault, battery, false imprisonment, malicious prosecution, abuse of process, intentional infliction of emotional distress, trespass to land, nuisance, defamation, invasion of privacy, and fraud, and defenses such as consent, duress, insanity, self-defense, defense of others, defense of property, necessity, and truth.

This paper explores the concept of organizations as complex human activity systems, through the perspectives of alternative systemic models. The impact of alternative models on perception of individual and organizational emergence is highlighted. Using information systems development as an example of management activity, individual and collective sense-making and learning processes are discussed. Their roles in relation to information systems concepts are examined. The main focus of the paper is on individual emergence in the context of organizational systems. A case is made for the importance of attending to individual uniqueness and contextual dependency when carrying out organizational analyses, e.g. information systems analysis. One particular method for contextual inquiry, the framework for Strategic Systemic Thinking, is then introduced. The framework supports stakeholders to own and control their own analyses. This approach provides a vehicle through which multiple levels of contextual dependencies can be explored and allows for individual emergence to develop.

The 2015 edition of the MILID Yearbook displays how media and information literacy can be helpful in facilitating progress and achievement of the sustainable development goals. It is sincerely hoped that the articles in this yearbook will go a long way to sensitize the stakeholders about the role and value of MIL in sustainable development of one and all across frontiers. It is a matter of profound satisfaction for us that in spite of working in different continents and varying time zones, we could successfully coordinate with the authors, the editorial advisory board members, and the publisher. We are deeply grateful to all the contributors for facilitating the publication of this yearbook.

Background and aim Over 80% (365/454) of the nation's centers participated in the Italian Society of Nephrology COVID-19 Survey. Out of 60,441 surveyed patients, 1368 were infected as of April 23rd, 2020. However, center-specific proportions showed substantial heterogeneity. We therefore undertook new analyses to identify explanatory factors, contextual effects, and decision rules for infection containment. Methods We investigated fixed factors and contextual effects by multilevel modeling. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was used to develop decision rules. Results Increased positivity among hemodialysis patients was predicted by center location [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-1.51], positive healthcare workers (IRR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.17), test-all policy (IRR 5.94, 95% CI 3.36-10.45), and infected proportion in the general population (IRR 1.002, 95% CI 1.001-1.003) (all p < 0.01). Conversely, lockdown duration exerted a protective effect (IRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.94-0.98) (p < 0.01). The province-contextual effects accounted for 10% of the total variability. Predictive factors for peritoneal dialysis and transplant cases were center location and infected proportion in the general population. Using recursive partitioning, we identified decision thresholds at general population incidence ≥ 229 per 100,000 and at ≥ 3 positive healthcare workers. Conclusions Beyond fixed risk factors, shared with the general population, the increased and heterogeneous proportion of positive patients is related to the center's testing policy, the number of positive patients and healthcare workers, and to contextual effects at the province level. Nephrology centers may adopt simple decision rules to strengthen containment measures timely.

El análisis de las redes sociales ha adquirido un protagonismo creciente en los estudios electorales, pasando de un entusiasmo inicial sobre sus posibles efectos en el comportamiento político, a un realismo sobre sus efectos limitadísimos que domina la investigación actual dentro de la ciencia política. No obstante, la incorporación de datos provenientes del uso de este tipo de instrumentos aporta una perspectiva valiosa para entender no solo las razones de voto de la ciudadanía, sino también cómo interactúan los partidos políticos en el espacio digital y cómo se relacionan con sus respectivas comunidades. Comprender esta relación entre el uso de plataformas digitales por parte de la ciudadanía y las estrategias empleadas por los partidos políticos es fundamental para interpretar la realidad política. Las redes sociales permiten a los partidos atraer a distintos grupos demográficos, construir su imagen pública y responder a las crecientes demandas en un entorno digitalizado (Barberá et al., 2015). Este enfoque ofrece un panorama integral de las estrategias de comunicación de los partidos, así como sus narrativas y discursos, mientras refleja las preocupaciones y temas relevantes.

This article presents the discovery of 25 abraded and perforated ovicaprid astragals in a burned house at the Gumelnita Copper Age settlement at Iepuresti in Southern Romania. They were analysed in terms of their processing, of the taphonomic processes that affected them (burning), and of their spatial distribution. These astragals were also analysed in the wider context of more or less similar discoveries made mainly south and east of the Carpathian Mountains, in Romania, but also south of the Danube, in Bulgaria.

Introduction. The introduction of a new model of professional development of education workers in Russia
involves the technology of an individual development route developed on the basis of previously identified
professional deficits. However, approaches to identifying deficits do not yet serve as a proper source of such
routes, since they state the facts of subject or methodological difficulties of teachers in isolation from the
context of the teacher's professional activity.
As a possible solution to the current situation, it is proposed to approach the diagnosis of pedagogical workers
in the logic of the resource approach, when a particular shortage of a pedagogical worker is interpreted in
two aspects: as a consequence of the scarcity of other resources of an educational organization, for example,
managerial or methodological, and as a cause of gaps in educational achievements of students.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the material of a freely available regional report on
the results of diagnostics of professional competencies of teachers. The key method is document analysis.
The subject of the study were: the conclusions made in the report on the degree of reflection in diagnostic
materials of the purpose and objectives of diagnostics; the structure and purpose of diagnostic data; the
typology of tasks used to identify professional deficits of teachers; commentary on the methods of processing
primary information.
Results. The following costs of working with data based on the results of diagnostics of pedagogical workers
of educational organizations are revealed: the predominance of stating facts over their comprehension; the
lack of contextual assessment of the stated data; limitations in the use of data; the undetected connection of
teacher deficits with the gaps of the students themselves. It is concluded that the work with data on teachers
is built in the pledge of conditions, and not in the pledge of resources. That is, the data only indicate the
existing level of pedagogical conditions, but do not explain the potential of professional skills of teachers,
their resource capacity.
Conclusion. The use of a resource approach in working with data on teachers requires updating the
structure of analytical data, mandatory inclusion of contextual information; more attention to the analysis
of the relationship between teacher deficits and student deficits. We consider promising further research
approaches to the analysis of the results of diagnostics of professional competencies of teachers. We consider
the resource approach proposed by us as one of the possible, but not exhaustive, arsenal of analytical
practices that allow using data on teachers to manage the quality of general education.

Threat messages are designed to inflict harm and have been underexplored in forensic linguistics, particularly in Nigeria. This study investigates the stylistic features of threat messages in Oyo State, Nigeria, emphasizing their identification, interpretation, and resolution. Lexico-grammatical aspect of Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar serve as the theoretical framework for the research. The research analyses fourteen purposively selected written threat messages from the Nigeria Police headquarters, Ibadan and google with necessary permissions secured. Qualitative methods were employed for data organization and analysis. Findings indicate that authors of threat messages utilise specific stylistic patterns such as coinage(4), borrowing(6), intensifiers(8), varied sentence types, future tense(8), aggressive expressions(5) and personal pronouns(6) to instill fear and manipulate recipients. Understanding these features aids law enforcement in gathering critical clues and identifying threat authors. Recognizing these patterns can also empower individuals to respond effectively and seek support when confronted with such messages.

This study examined the assimilation of innovations into organizations, a process unfolding in a series of decisions to evaluate, adopt, and implement new technologies. Assimilation was conceptualized as a ninestep process and measured by tracking 300 potential adoptions through organizations during a six-year period. We advance a model suggestini; that organizational assimilation of technological innovations is determined by three classes of antecedents: contextual attributes, innovation attributes, and attributes arising from the interaction of contexts and innovations

Current vocabulary research indicates that both contextual and morphemic analysis is effective in helping secondary students, with and without disabilities, and English Language Learners (ELLs) improve vocabulary acquisition. However, a dearth of vocabulary research has been conducted with secondary ELLs with Reading Disabilities (RD). This study investigated the effects of a combined contextual and morphemic analysis strategy, the CLUES Strategy, to help students predict and analyze unknown science vocabulary words. Four 9 thand 10 th grade ELLs with RD in an urban high school participated in this study. A multiple-probe across-participants design was employed. Students were taught the CLUES strategy to improve their vocabulary acquisition. CLUES instruction consisted of 4 training lessons to introduce the terms to students (e.g., context, morphemes, prefixes, roots, and suffixes) and 10 CLUES Instructional lessons to teach 10 common science (e.g., biology and life science) roots. Dependent measures included CLUES Probes, Reading Comprehension-4 (Brown, Hammill, & Widerholt, 2008) Word Knowledge test, Word Part test, and Word Mapping/Strategy Use test. Students' ability to generalize the CLUES strategy without the use of the CLUES graphic organizer and their maintenance of the CLUES Strategy also was investigated. In addition, each participant's acceptability of the CLUES Strategy was assessed using an adapted version of the Child Intervention Rating Profile (CIRP; adapted from Witt & Elliott, 1985). The results of this study indicated that the students benefitted from the use of the CLUES Strategy and both contextual and morphemic strategies generalized to novel science word meanings. Each student maintained his or her ability to use this strategy over time. Students were generally satisfied with the CLUES Strategy, and recommended its use with other peers. 2 Chapter I Statement of the Problem Importance of Reading Reading can be defined as an active, complex process that involves the understanding and interpreting of meaning from text for a variety of purposes and situations and continues to evolve throughout the reader's life span (National Assessment of Educational Progress [NAEP], 2012). One of the most pivotal factors associated with being able to compete in the global economy is the ability to read, write, think, and engage in complex communication (National Academics, 2005). If students are to leave high school prepared for college and career it seems evident that they need to be able to proficiently read and write (Miller, 2009). Beyond the need for students to skillfully read for a variety of academic and professional purposes, proficient reading impacts their ability to engage in activities that influence their general quality of life (Biancarosa & Snow, 2006). Hirsch (2006) accentuates the vital role that proficient reading plays in being able to participate in a democratic society: "Reading ability correlates with almost everything that a democratic education aims to provide, including the ability to be informed citizens who can actively participate in the self-government of a democracy" (p. 3). The National Reading Panel (NRP) identified five reading components, phonemic awareness, phonological awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, and fluency, as specific reading skills that need to be instructed and developed for students to become skillful readers. Students become proficient readers as they engage in effective instruction across all five instructional components. The National Reading Panel (NRP, 2000) found that readers who mastered these five components had successful academic outcomes. Research Questions Research Question 1: Will the CLUES Strategy result in an increase in ELLs with RD's accuracy of writing word parts, word part meanings, and whole science word meanings? It was hypothesized that the CLUES Strategy would result in improved accuracy of writing word parts, defining word parts, and predicting science word meanings among ELLs with RD. Research Question 2: Will the Clues Strategy result in an increase the accuracy of their writing the CLUES steps among ELLs with RD? It was hypothesized that the CLUES Strategy would result in an increase in CLUES steps accurately written by ELLs with RD. Research Question 3: Will the CLUES Strategy result in an increase in the number of science words ELLs with RD can define from pre-to post-test? It was hypothesized that the CLUES Strategy would result in an increase in the number of science words ELLs with RD could define from pre-to post-test. Research Question 4: Will ELLs with RD maintain their use of CLUES use two weeks and one month post-intervention? It was hypothesized that ELLs with RD would maintain their CLUES use both 2 weeks and one month following the CLUES intervention. 12 Research Question 5: Will ELLS with RD generalize the CLUES strategy to sentences from science text without using a graphic organizer? It was hypothesized that ELLs with RD would generalize their ability to use the CLUES with regular science text without the use of a graphic organizer. Research Question 6: Are ELLs with RD who receive the CLUES Strategy satisfied with the intervention? It was hypothesized that ELLs with RD would find the CLUES instruction acceptable and would be satisfied with the intervention. Robertson-Courtney, & Kushner, 2006). In fact, ELLs with RD may be under-or overrepresented if they are not properly assessed (Hallahan et al., 2005). Problems with standardized assessments include content bias (e.g., unfair test items) and linguistic bias (e.g., complex directions and multisyllabic vocabulary; Shore & Sanbanti, 2009). Therefore, ELLs may not understand assessment questions due to linguistic complexity (Chu & Flores, 2011). The controversy surrounding assessment and accurate identification is one reason reading research for ELLs with RD has remained limited. In spite of assessment limitations, the terms LD, RD, ELL, and ELLs with RD were defined in the next section along with description of the similarities and differences between general education students and second language learners' (ELLs) reading skills. Finally, the characteristics differentiating ELLs and ELLs with RD will also be described. Current definition of Learning Disabilities. According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEIA, 2004), Learning Disabilities (LD) is defined as a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations, including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia and does not include learning problems that are not primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, of mental retardation, of emotional disturbance, or of environmental, or economic disadvantage, or cultural or linguistic difference (IDEIA, 2004 CFR 300.8 (c)(10)). Issues with identifying students with LD have been an increasing concern over the past decade (Fletcher, Coulter, Reschly, & Vaughn, 2004). A broad definition of LD refers to a variety of disorders that affect the acquisition, retention, understanding, organization, or use of

Spoken Language can be used to provide insights into organisational processes, unfortunately transcription and coding stages are very time consuming and expensive. The concept of partial transcription and coding is proposed in which spoken language is indexed prior to any subsequent processing. The functional linguistic theory of texture is used to describe the effects of partial transcription on observational records. The standard used to encode transcript context and metadata is called CHAT, but a previous XML schema developed to implement it contains design assumptions that make it difficult to support partial transcription for example. This paper describes a more effective XML schema that overcomes many of these problems and is intended for use in applications that support the rapid development of spoken language deliverables.

Spoken Language can be used to provide insights into organisational processes, unfortunately transcription and coding stages are very time consuming and expensive. The concept of partial transcription and coding is proposed in which spoken language is indexed prior to any subsequent processing. The functional linguistic theory of texture is used to describe the effects of partial transcription on observational records. The standard used to encode transcript context and metadata is called CHAT, but a previous XML schema developed to implement it contains design assumptions that make it difficult to support partial transcription for example. This paper describes a more effective XML schema that overcomes many of these problems and is intended for use in applications that support the rapid development of spoken language deliverables.

In this article we extend consideration of differences of interest in employment relationships to career issues. Two sets of interests — those of employing organizations and of individual workers — often make careers ‘contested terrain’ in which organizations pursue strategic advantages and individuals personal advantages. The contestation is contextualized by current trends to individualized employment relations and a focus on managerial, professional and technical work. The two interest sets mirror a disjuncture between two disciplinary bases, the ‘vocational’ base underpinned by psychology and the ‘strategic human resource management’ (SHRM) base, underpinned by economics. We develop a ‘psychological contract’ model, in which both individuals and organizations invest knowledge capital in the other with a view to obtaining long-term returns. We consider the implications of our analysis and model for career management by both individuals and organizations, for future research on ca...

Copyright exhibits means and ends remarkably similar to those of social welfare programs. Yet discussions about copyright do not tend to echo discussions about welfare. This paper examines that interesting contrast. It begins by comparing social welfare policy to copyright policy, uncovering several material parallels. Both welfare and copyright primarily aim to correct the market's failure to sufficiently support a particular class of beneficiaries. Both encourage rights-based claims to the entitlements that they create, too. The welfare system and the copyright system each uses statutory mechanisms to redistribute rights-rights to wealth in the first instance, rights to chattels and persons in the second-from the general public to particular beneficiary classes-the poor and authors, respectively. Each also includes special exceptions designed to avoid inefficient or inequitable redistributions. The charitable gift deduction and other tax code provisions limit the welfare system's scope, whereas copyright law offers fair use and other defenses to infringement claims. Perhaps those and other similarities between welfare and copyright mean little. After considering various critiques, however, the paper concludes that we can learn important lessons from understanding copyright as a statutory mechanism for redistributing rights. Most notably, understanding copyright as a form of authors' welfare suggests the need for, and potential shape of, reforms to end copyright as we know it.

Uno de cada diez habitantes del planeta supera en nuestros días los 60 años. Se espera que en el año 2050 la relación se reduzca a la mitad. Para entonces, por vez primera desde que se tienen datos demográficos, las personas mayores de 60 años de edad superarán en número al segmento de población infantil, de entre 0 y 14 años. Habrá más ancianos, porque desciende la tasa de fecundidad, y serán más longevos; se espera que el porcentaje de mayores de 80 años, que actualmente suponen un 12 por ciento de los que superan los 60 años, crezca siete puntos. Entre

U radu su cjelovito prikazane mjere za smanjenje razine buke od prometa. Navedeni su osnovni uzroci nastajanja povisenih razina buke od cestovnog prometa i prometa prisilno vođenih vozila. Opisane su uobicajene mjere koje se primjenjuju u poslovno-stambenim zonama gradova vecine europskih zemalja. Kriticki je uspoređena primjena razmatranih mjera u Hrvatskoj, u odnosu na one koje se poduzimaju u zemljama clanicama Europske Unije, posebice one koje se odnose na urbane sredine

The 1976 soap opera parody series Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman was created by Norman Lear and aired on a network of independent television stations. It presented an America where women were breaking out of their traditional gender roles for the first time and pursued full careers.  The title character takes the audience on a full journey from housewife to breadwinner and community leader.  Using Simone de Beauvoir’s book The Second Sex as a guide, this qualitative contextual analysis examines Mary’s journey through her marriage, motherhood, social life, love life and career.  It also looks at how the series portrays feminism in American society in the mid-1970s and finds that Mary was a strong role model for American audiences.

This article presents the discovery of 25 abraded and perforated ovicaprid astragals in a burned house at the Gumelnita Copper Age settlement at Iepuresti in Southern Romania. They were analysed in terms of their processing, of the taphonomic processes that affected them (burning), and of their spatial distribution. These astragals were also analysed in the wider context of more or less similar discoveries made mainly south and east of the Carpathian Mountains, in Romania, but also south of the Danube, in Bulgaria.

Robot animation is a new form of character animation that extends the traditional process by allowing the animated motion to become more interactive and adaptable during interaction with users in real-world settings. This paper reviews how this new type of character animation has evolved and been shaped from character animation principles and practices. We outline some new paradigms that aim at allowing character animators to become robot animators, and to properly take part in the development of social robots. One such paradigm consists of the 12 principles of robot animation, which describes general concepts that both animators and robot developers should consider in order to properly understand each other. We also introduce the concept of Kinematronics, for specifying the controllable and programmable expressive abilities of robots, and the Nutty Workflow and Pipeline. The Nutty Pipeline introduces the concept of the Programmable Robot Animation Engine, which allows to generate, ...

The Ambrosian Iliad is a Late Antique manuscript that depicts Homer&#39;s Iliad. Originally written in Greek, much of its text was lost when the pictures were later removed from the original codex and pasted on separate sheets of vellum. Scholars have previously analyzed the Ambrosian Iliad using paleographic and stylistic analysis as a means to determine the work&#39;s provenance and

Scholars often complain that sellers use trademarks to manipulate consumer perception. This manipulation ostensibly harms consumers by limiting their ability to make informed choices. For example, holding other things constant, consumers spend more money on goods with a high-performance reputation. Critics characterize that result as wasteful, if not anticompetitive. But recent marketing research shows that trademarks with a high-performance reputation may sometimes influence perception to the benefit of the consumer. A trademark with a high-performance reputation can deliver a performance-enhancing placebo effect. Research subjects perform better at physical and mental tasks when they prepare or play with a product bearing a high-performance mark. For example, subjects using a putter with a Nike label can sink a putt in 20% fewer strokes than subjects using the same putter with a different label. This performance-amplifying effect stems from shaping consumer perception, but the eff...

Pod organiziranjem prometnih tokova podrazumijeva se sustavan način kretanja tokova u prometnim mrežama s ciljem optimalnog korištenja mreže s minimalnim troškovima odvijanja prometa. Pogrešna regulacija prometnih tokova koja uzrokuje nepotrebna presijecanja prometnih tokova dovodi do stvaranja repova čekanja, posebno na trakovima za skretanje ulijevo. U gradskoj četvrti Škopinac u Šibeniku prisutan je problem nepotrebnog presijecanja na nekoliko lokacija, odnosno raskrižjima pojedinih ulica, što dovodi do zagušenja u vršnom satu. Kao rješenje problema predlaže se promjena usmjerenja nekoliko ulica koje bi dovela do potpune promjene regulacije i organizacije tokova u cijeloj četvrti. Rješenje je temeljeno na proračuna presijecanja, a prikazan je i koncepcijski prijedlog novog usmjerenja mreže, te idejna prometna rješenja ključnih elementa mreže. Svrha i cilj ovog diplomskog rada je da se promjenom usmjerenja smanji intenzitet presijecanja tokova i optimizira odvijanje prometa na pod...

Sažetak: Upravljanje prometnim incidentnim situacijama je koordiniran skup aktivnosti kojim se pomaže unesrećenima, uklanjaju vozila i normalizira prometni tok nakon nastanka prometne nezgode ili druge incidentne situacije (kvar vozila, guma, itd.). U uvjetima velikih prometnih i drugih sigurnosnih incidenata, vrlo je važno dinamičko upravljanje događajima u stvarnom vremenu zbog primarnog razloga smanjivanja ljudskih žrtava. U posljednje vrijeme, sve više se koriste lokacijski zasnovane usluge u javnim pokretnim mrežama. Jedna od naprednih tehnologija je i SMS ćelijsko emitiranje (Cell Broadcast).

The SPD Story (Social Practice Design) SPD has been developed within LII, over a period of 35 years of research and development in ICT applications, started around 1990. Conducted in collaboration with local and nonlocal industry and public services, financed either by European RDS programs, or paid by clients. It has been enacted by researchers of the Lab group ever since. During the first 10 years, with no internet, computer connections were based on ethernet cables and L AN, over which Lotus Notes was mainstream. The focus at the time, of all service activities of the Lab, was mainly on two issues: integration of ICT and Organization know how, and training of personnel in the new technologies with LAN e-learning approaches. After, with the advent of the Internet, it has been a landslide of new technologies, new concepts, and new practices. The field of the Social Study of Information Systems took off [15], with its richness and complexity. Up to the recent, Ciborra's quest for a revolution of the Baroque [16]. SPD had not been clearly defined, or even named, before the year 2005. Before that, the theory elements just mentioned had not really impacted the consciences of the Lab, but the seeds were posed: Participatory Design, and Roger's Counseling. PD had been injected in the Lab since the beginning, by the push towards Scandinavia's IRIS conferences, of Claudio Ciborra, a faculty member of the University at the time, and a Lab collaborator. In fact, the Lab organized PDC2006 at Trento, the first PDC conference to be held outside Scandinavia, except for US editions. Roger's Counseling [17] and the propension to therapeutic co-construction was instigated by one Lab manager, Claudia Cattani, having responsibility over relational aspects: personnel coordination and customer relationship management. These two seeds, PD and therapeutic co-construction, have served as fuel for the generation and performance of a group "autopoietic mechanism", active in the choice of action approach, followed in all circumstances by the Lab: SPD is an autopoietic response of the Lab to the solicitations from the external world. What Ciborra calls the Group's Formative Context for action [6]. With time, reflection gave flesh to the understanding of what the Lab was intending to do, and why. With two consequences: the theoretical self definition of SPD, and the election of SPD as the routinely followed approach, with visible recognition of the element of third order cybernetic intervention approach, in all innovation support projects enacted.