Content Features

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the design of private sports clubs’ websites in Iran based on two models of WEB-QEM and WAI. The statistical population of the present study included the websites of private sports clubs in Iran, which were 20 official websites that were searched by Google Map tool and the keyword “private sports club”. The research tool was two checklists of WEB-QEM model by Olsina and colleagues (1999) and checklist of WAI model by Marincas (2007) and offline and online analysis software’s. The results showed that the WEB-QEM method in evaluating the design of private sports clubs’ websites in Iran with an average of (0.1188) jointly showed 35% in an unfavorable situation and 35% also in a moderate situation and in the WAI method in evaluating the design of private sports clubs’ websites in Iran with an average of (8.54) jointly showed 35% in an unfavorable situation and 35% also in a moderate situation. The results indicate that the design of private sports clubs’ websites in Iran is not suitable and needs to be improved and upgraded in terms of infrastructure and optimization of website design.

Deception is not always a lie, but sometimes a factual truth deliberately misleads. The deception continues to grow with the proliferation of the growth of the internet and reliance on internet information to make decisions. Thus, the absence of a deception judgment for websites will make users believe false and deceiving information which poses a serious problem, and there is still little scholarly work on this issue. Hence, the purpose is to investigate the distribution of cues to deception in real websites. A case study approach was carried out using content analysis. The cues were tested against some websites, and the context for the case study is the Prophet Muhammad’s biography. As a result, a list of cues was generated and grouped into nine heuristics; five heuristics related to text, and four heuristics related to design. Under each of these developed heuristics are lists of cues. The analysis from the case study confirmed the existence of the cues and enriched and improved ...

In recent years, the performance of deep neural networks in improving the image retrieval process has been remarkable. Utilizing deep neural networks; however, leads to poor results in retrieving images with missing regions. The operators’ dysfunctions, who consider the relationship between the image pixels, statistically extract incomplete information from an image, which in turn reduces the number of image features and or leads to features' inaccurate identification. An attempt has been made to eliminate the problem of missing image information through image inpainting techniques; therefore, a content-based image retrieval method is proposed for images with missing regions. In this method, through image inpainting the crucial missing information is reconstructed. The image dataset is being queried to find similar samples. For this purpose, a two-stage inpainting framework based on encoder-decoder is used in the image retrieval system. Also, the features of each image are extracted from the integration and concatenating of content and semantic features. Through using handcraft features such as color and texture image content information is extracted from the Resnet-50 deep neural network. Finally, similar images are retrieved based on the minimum Euclidean distance. The performance of the image retrieval model with missing regions is evaluated with the average precision criterion on the Paris 6K datasets. The best retrieval results are 60.11%, 50.14%, and 42.43% for retrieving the top one, five, and ten samples after reconstructing the image with the most missing regions with a destruction frequency of 6 Hz, respectively.

The purpose of this paper is to offer greater insight in the role of content-related factor in the continuance used of the Islamic weblogs as the source of Islamic teachings and practices. Information System (IS) continuance intention Model is being employed as a conceptual tool to re-interpret the existing evidence of the continuance used of the weblogs. Additional elements including credibility, reliability and objectivity are being included to further clarify the role of content-related factor in determining the continued used of the weblogs. The analysis demonstrated that people tend to revisit the weblogs with reliable and credible information. The paper presents the importance of content in terms of credibility, objectivity, and reliability in encouraging people to continue use the Islamic weblogs in disseminating the Islamic information and knowledge significantly influences the people’s intention to revisit the weblogs in future.

Deception is not always a lie, but sometimes a factual truth deliberately misleads. The deception continues to grow with the proliferation of the growth of the internet and reliance on internet information to make decisions. Thus, the absence of a deception judgment for websites will make users believe false and deceiving information which poses a serious problem, and there is still little scholarly work on this issue. Hence, the purpose is to investigate the distribution of cues to deception in real websites. A case study approach was carried out using content analysis. The cues were tested against some websites, and the context for the case study is the Prophet Muhammad’s biography. As a result, a list of cues was generated and grouped into nine heuristics; five heuristics related to text, and four heuristics related to design. Under each of these developed heuristics are lists of cues. The analysis from the case study confirmed the existence of the cues and enriched and improved ...

The growing availability of the Internet and advances in the use of technology among Muslims have led to an increase in the number of websites with an Islamic content. Currently, there is an emerging trend in the improvement of the design and quality of Islamic websites. Islamic websites serve as a medium for Islamic organizations, scholars, and individuals to contribute and participate in several online activities. This research is drawn from the deep understanding that website design is a major factor affecting the use of websites by Muslim users. We therefore investigate the most important design features that influence Muslims to use websites in learning about Islam, as an alternative to the traditional face-to-face learning from scholars and books. Website design is measured by functionality, navigation, interactivity, attractiveness, and organizational features, and website use by the extent to which frequent use is influenced by the website's design features. An online survey was conducted from November to December 2012. 89 usable responses were collected from faculty members and students at the International Islamic University Malaysia. The participants have experience in using Islamic websites. They were guided to the survey website via the faculty students' mailing list and Facebook group page. The findings indicate that website attractiveness, functionality, navigation, organizational information, and security/privacy are the most important factors influencing the use of Islamic websites. Interactivity design features were found to be least significant in influencing Muslim users to use Islamic websites for religious purposes. The majority of the Muslim users visit Islamic websites to search for information, seek for scholars' opinions regarding personal issues/problems (Q&A), and learn about Quran and Hadith. The results of the study are valuable indicators for the direction of future research, and also suggest guidelines for the successful development and adoption of Islamic websites.

The growing availability of the Internet and advances in the use of technology among Muslims have led to an increase in the number of websites with an Islamic content. Currently, there is an emerging trend in the improvement of the design and quality of Islamic websites. Islamic websites serve as a medium for Islamic organizations, scholars, and individuals to contribute and participate in several online activities. This research is drawn from the deep understanding that website design is a major factor affecting the use of websites by Muslim users. We therefore investigate the most important design features that influence Muslims to use websites in learning about Islam, as an alternative to the traditional face-to-face learning from scholars and books. Website design is measured by functionality, navigation, interactivity, attractiveness, and organizational features, and website use by the extent to which frequent use is influenced by the website's design features. An online survey was conducted from November to December 2012. 89 usable responses were collected from faculty members and students at the International Islamic University Malaysia. The participants have experience in using Islamic websites. They were guided to the survey website via the faculty students' mailing list and Facebook group page. The findings indicate that website attractiveness, functionality, navigation, organizational information, and security/privacy are the most important factors influencing the use of Islamic websites. Interactivity design features were found to be least significant in influencing Muslim users to use Islamic websites for religious purposes. The majority of the Muslim users visit Islamic websites to search for information, seek for scholars' opinions regarding personal issues/problems (Q&A), and learn about Quran and Hadith. The results of the study are valuable indicators for the direction of future research, and also suggest guidelines for the successful development and adoption of Islamic websites.

The use of content features, particularly textual and linguistic for fake news detection is underresearched, despite empirical evidence showing the features could contribute to differentiating real and fake news. To this end, this study investigates a selection of content features such as word bigrams, part of speech distribution etc. to improve fake news detection. We performed a series of experiments on a new dataset gathered during the COVID-19 pandemic and using Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine and Random Forest. Random Forest yielded the best results, followed closely by Support Vector Machine, across all setups. In general, both the textual and linguistic features were found to improve fake news detection when used separately, however, combining them into a single model did not improve the detection significantly. Differences were also noted between the use of bigrams and part of speech tags. The study shows that textual and linguistic features can be used successfully in detecting fake news using the traditional machine learning approach as opposed to deep learning.

Islamic websites (I-Webs) demand special attention by the nature of the content they deliver to users. To deliver satisfying and useful content for Islamic activities online (e.g. learning about Islam, questioning scholars, chat), it is important to identify and understand the most important features an Islamic website should portray. In this paper, we conducted extensive web searches and reviewed the literature on Islamic websites in order to explore features that influence users to visit a website for online Islamic activities, consequently leading to user satisfaction. The features were categorized into design, content, and Islamic. Design features were measured by usability, navigation, functionality, accessibility, interactivity, attractiveness, and security/privacy. Content features were measured by trust, objectivity, credibility, reliability, relevance, legitimacy, and authority. Islamic features were measured by Tawhid (belief), Sunnah, (practice), Niyyah (intention), ethics, identity, symbols, and software. We conceptualized and proposed that these features influence the use of I-Web and consequently lead to user satisfaction. The conceptual model will provide direction for future empirical research on Islamic websites, which is currently lacking.

The global explosion of the Internet and its continued use by individuals, Islamic organisations and scholars to spread their teachings and activities has witnessed massive growth over the years. However, it appears that online Islamic content and activities may lack credibility and authority, since the websites are anonymous and uncontrolled in comparison to the traditional face-to-face method of seeking Islamic knowledge. This paper empirically investigates the content and Islamic factors that influence use of Islamic websites by Muslim users and consequently the positive impact of those websites on their behaviour. The study examines the perception of online Muslim users on the impact of various content and Islamic factors on the use of Islamic websites and its subsequent effect on user behaviour. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 2.0; this produced seven factors, namely: content credibility, content objectivity, content reliability, Islamic identity, Islamic services, Islamic symbols, and Islamic ethical values. The findings of the study suggest that both Islamic and content factors are significant indicators for influencing Islamic website use. On the other hand, the findings show that out of the seven factors extracted, only the content reliability factor and Islamic ethical values factor have a weak influence on the use of Islamic websites. In summary, the study indicates that the use of Islamic websites has a positive impact on users towards being better practising Muslims. Finally, the research model and empirical results provide valuable indicators for the direction of future research and also suggest guidelines for developing Islamic websites that will successfully meet users' needs and expectations.

aim: Websites of medical universities in addition to its role as an information tool in the health scope, they have also importance in promotion of universities’ ranking in webometrics ranking of world universities and also in webometric ranking of Iranian universities and research institutions. So, continuous evaluation of these websites in different aspects, especially based on considering index of these ranSpearman correlation.
Findings: The finding of this study showed that in total, from maximum score related to evaluating criteria i.e. 102 score, Tehran university of medical sciences (by obtaining 73.66 score), Isfahan university of medical sciences (by obtaining 67.65 score) and Kashan university of medical sciences (by obtaining 66.56 score) have the most accommodation with the research checklist. Bam university of medical sciences, Dezfool university of medical sciences and Jiroft university of medical sciences (38.87, 38.85 and 37.02 respectively) have the least accommodation.
Conclusion: The present study indicates that whole websites are far from ideal situation. So, Iranian medical universities need to take advantage of the results of this study to improve the structure and content of their websites. These universities besides pay more attention to produce of rich and update information content also they must notice to technical criteria of search engines optimization in designing of their websites and by removing the technical access problems, try to eliminate the barriers of visibility.

The purpose of this paper is to offer greater insight in the role of content-related factor in the continuance used of the Islamic weblogs as the source of Islamic teachings and practices. Information System (IS) continuance intention Model is being employed as a conceptual tool to re-interpret the existing evidence of the continuance used of the weblogs. Additional elements including credibility, reliability and objectivity are being included to further clarify the role of content-related factor in determining the continued used of the weblogs. The analysis demonstrated that people tend to revisit the weblogs with reliable and credible information. The paper presents the importance of content in terms of credibility, objectivity, and reliability in encouraging people to continue use the Islamic weblogs in disseminating the Islamic information and knowledge significantly influences the people's intention to revisit the weblogs in future.

Usability is the pinnacle of interface design with the manifestation of need-based Website Interface as its key component in E-government Websites. This paper evaluated the select E-government Websites in India through a comprehensive content analysis using heuristic evaluation to determine the nature of distribution of the ordinal population of variables that may complement and contribute to a pleasurable user experience. Research Aim An Expert-based Heuristic Evaluation perspective was proposed to evaluate Homepage considered as a prerequisite for the survival of E-government Websites. Through the constituent dimensions namely Online Services, User Help and Feedback, Navigation, Legitimacy, Information Architecture and Accessibility Accommodation, an attempt was made to principally demonstrate the implementation status of Usability in these Websites in India. Theoretical Framework Evaluation of E-government Website Usability primarily considered noticeable aspects of the ordinal structure of Usability dimensions germane to E-government Websites. The validated theoretical framework enhanced by Baker (2004) asserted the demand side strategic considerations in E-government development in India. Methodological Framework An Explanatory Research Design rigorously investigated the Homepage Usability of E-government Websites by logically interconnecting various methods and procedures. The Conceptual/Thematic Content Analysis of a wellformulated set of ordinal Usability heuristics evaluated E-government Websites and presented with intensity of variables along a continuum across six dimensions. A Usability Measurement Tool comprising 14 Usability heuristics with 56 scale measures was developed and applied to a cluster of 17 E-government Websites in India for examining the implementation status of its Usability. Research Prerogative The available literature cites poor Usability as one of the critical factors for continued failure of E-government services in developing countries. Hence, an Expert-based Heuristic Evaluation of Homepage becomes paramount to address the significant gap in E-government systems besieged by several Usability problems. Research Implications The prologue to select Usability heuristics for assessment of the nature of ordinality of variables on Homepage of select E-government Websites provide an analytical framework for addressing high Usability standards for users to maximize benefits from E-government Websites. The findings of this study have a potential significance that may aid

Muslim scholars and organisations use the Internet through various websites to spread Islam globally. The presence of many websites providing Islamic contents online makes it necessary to examine their Islamic features and the factors that influence Muslims to use Islamic websites. This paper empirically investigates the Islamic features that influence the use of Islamic websites by Muslim users. The identified Islamic factors were grouped under five factors: beliefs, ethics, services, symbols, and values. A survey of 246 Muslim Islamic website users was conducted between November and December 2012 at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The study develops and tests a path measurement model to confirm the psychometric properties of the five identified factors. The study found that Islamic features significantly influence Muslims to use Islamic websites. The measurement model and empirical results provide valuable indicators for the direction of future research and also suggest guidelines for developing Islamic websites that will easily influence many Internet users to visit them in order to learn about Islamic teachings and practices. The findings are also of considerable importance as they contribute to the present body of knowledge on Islamic websites' evaluation and for practice in designing and developing quality Islamic websites.

Website design features have been widely studied by researchers in various fields, most especially in e-commerce. Indeed, design features are widely regarded as vital tools that influence website use. However, few studies have devoted significant attention to Islamic website design features that influence website use. The purpose of this study is to identify and explore the most important design features of Islamic websites that influence website use. The study conducted a content analysis on selected Islamic website studies, in which 86 design features were identified, selected, modified, and categorized into six broad features (factors). Ann online survey of 89 Muslim users of Islamic websites was then conducted to rank the identified design features in terms of their importance to the users. The findings of the exploratory factor analysis provide evidence to suggest that only few design features are considered important by Islamic website users. These design features possess highly significant factor-loading and are grouped under "functionality", "navigation", "interactivity", "attractiveness", "organization", and "security/privacy". The study found the above design features to be significant in influencing Islamic website use.

Islamic websites (I-Webs) demand special attention by the nature of the content they deliver to users. To deliver satisfying and useful content for Islamic activities online (e.g. learning about Islam, questioning scholars, chat), it is important to identify and understand the most important features an Islamic website should portray. In this paper, we conducted extensive web searches and reviewed the literature on Islamic websites in order to explore features that influence users to visit a website for online Islamic activities, consequently leading to user satisfaction. The features were categorized into design, content, and Islamic. Design features were measured by usability, navigation, functionality, accessibility, interactivity, attractiveness, and security/privacy. Content features were measured by trust, objectivity, credibility, reliability, relevance, legitimacy, and authority. Islamic features were measured by Tawhid (belief), Sunnah, (practice), Niyyah (intention), ethics, identity, symbols, and software. We conceptualized and proposed that these features influence the use of I-Web and consequently lead to user satisfaction. The conceptual model will provide direction for future empirical research on Islamic websites, which is currently lacking.

Islamic Websites post a new challenge for evaluation criteria due to the importance to their design contents. Today, little is known regarding the present quality rating of both design & content features of Islamic websites. This paper proposes several criteria to evaluate Islamic Websites: navigation, interactivity, legitimacy, objectivity, authority, relevance, attractiveness, credibility and reliability. A single-user evaluation has been conducted for fifty (50) selected Islamic Websites by using the proposed criteria. The results suggest that the quality of Islamic websites may change significantly over time .The findings also revealed that different design and content features contributes differently to the overall quality of Islamic websites. The paper suggests that the nine (9) identified criteria for both design and content features are suitable for the evaluation of different category of Islamic website's quality.

This paper investigates the quality ranking of current Islamic websites using nine (9) website features (i.e. navigation, interactivity, legitimacy, objectivity, authority, relevancy, attractiveness, credibility, and reliability) in order to find the highest and lowest quality scores for individual websites based on their design & content feature. A heuristic evaluation method using single-user approach was used to evaluate 50 selected Islamic websites. Google search was used to select the 50 topmost popular Islamic websites on 8 th December, 2009. The findings indicate that there has been a considerable improvement in the quality of Islamic websites in terms of design and information content. The findings also show that none of the websites evaluated displayed biased contents against Islam or Islamic groups. In addition, the findings reveal that websites with the highest quality scores were rated excellent in terms of information legitimacy and objectivity, whereas those with the least quality scores were rated poor in terms of authority and interactivity features. The paper concludes that there are considerable quality variations between Islamic websites with highest and lowest percentage scores.

This paper reports the user experience evaluation of four selected Islamic websites by Muslim users. The challenge of the Islamic websites is how to categorize them as Islamic websites. It is critical for the content to conform to Islamic ethics and principles. This study identifies a set of criteria for the literature for evaluating content of Islamic Websites. The criteria was used to evaluate Islamic websites. The user's experiences, perceptions and expectations of Islamic website are analyzed and described.

This paper investigates the quality ranking of current Islamic websites using nine (9) website features (i.e. navigation, interactivity, legitimacy, objectivity, authority, relevancy, attractiveness, credibility, and reliability) in order to find the highest and lowest quality scores for individual websites based on their design & content feature. A heuristic evaluation method using single-user approach was used to evaluate 50 selected Islamic websites. Google search was used to select the 50 topmost popular Islamic websites on 8th December, 2009. The findings indicate that there has been a considerable improvement in the quality of Islamic websites in terms of design and information content. The findings also show that none of the websites evaluated displayed biased contents against Islam or Islamic groups. In addition, the findings reveal that websites with the highest quality scores were rated excellent in terms of information legitimacy and objectivity, whereas those with the le...

Culture is widely treated as an essential factor for the success of e-commerce, yet the concept itself is still clouded in bewilderment. Furthermore, there has been little research on usage behavior in the context of developing countries; e.g., Islamic countries. By using Islamic culture as the case study, this study highlights the website information architecture practical design indication and reports the partial analysis of the investigation on how culture design of information architecture (IA) for B2C e-commerce website will has a positive affect to the user performance tasks (browsing, searching and purchasing books activities). Analyses of one-way between-groups multivariate analysis of variance (one-way MANOVA) and paired-samples t-test were performed. The result showed that the task time performance of the Middle East and the Malaysian users are different and faster when using the culture centred e-commerce website. Thus, provides empirical evidence on the positive influence of culturally design website to performance.

Information Architecture (IA) has emerged as a discipline that is concerned with the development of systematic approaches to the presentation and organization of online information. The IA discipline has commanded significant attention from professional practitioners but lacks in the theoretical perspective. In our effort to formalize the knowledge of the discipline, we report on the extension of our initial work of formalizing the architectural framework for understanding website IA. Since the web is not a culturally neutral medium, we sought to delineate the cultural dimensions within our formed framework of website IA with the incorporation of the cultural dimensions of Hofstede and Hofstede's (2005), Hall's (1966), Hall and Hall's (1990) and Trompenaar's (1997). This attempt contributes towards the progress of putting a sense of cultural localization to the IA augmentation for local and international website design. In addition, to avoid theoretical aloofness and arbitrariness, practical design presumptions are also reflected.

Abstract. Information Architecture (IA) has emerged as a discipline that is concerned with the development of systematic approaches to the presentation and organization of online information. The IA discipline has commanded sig-nificant attention from professional ...

Islamic websites (I-Webs) demand special attention by the nature of the content they deliver to users. To deliver satisfying and useful content for Islamic activities online (e.g. learning about Islam, questioning scholars, chat), it is important to identify and understand the most important features an Islamic website should portray. In this paper, we conducted extensive web searches and reviewed the literature on Islamic websites in order to explore features that influence users to visit a website for online Islamic activities, consequently leading to user satisfaction. The features were categorized into design, content, and Islamic. Design features were measured by usability, navigation, functionality, accessibility, interactivity, attractiveness, and security/privacy. Content features were measured by trust, objectivity, credibility, reliability, relevance, legitimacy, and authority. Islamic features were measured by Tawhid (belief), Sunnah, (practice), Niyyah (intention), ethics, identity, symbols, and software. We conceptualized and proposed that these features influence the use of I-Web and consequently lead to user satisfaction. The conceptual model will provide direction for future empirical research on Islamic websites, which is currently lacking.

Islamic websites (I-Webs) demand special attention by the nature of the content they deliver to users. To deliver satisfying and useful content for Islamic activities online (e.g. learning about Islam, questioning scholars, chat), it is important to identify and understand the most important features an Islamic website should portray. In this paper, we conducted extensive web searches and reviewed the literature on Islamic websites in order to explore features that influence users to visit a website for online Islamic activities, consequently leading to user satisfaction. The features were categorized into design, content, and Islamic. Design features were measured by usability, navigation, functionality, accessibility, interactivity, attractiveness, and security/privacy. Content features were measured by trust, objectivity, credibility, reliability, relevance, legitimacy, and authority. Islamic features were measured by Tawhid (belief), Sunnah, (practice), Niyyah (intention), ethics, identity, symbols, and software. We conceptualized and proposed that these features influence the use of I-Web and consequently lead to user satisfaction. The conceptual model will provide direction for future empirical research on Islamic websites, which is currently lacking.

Islamic websites (I-Webs) demand special attention by the nature of the content they deliver to users. To deliver satisfying and useful content for Islamic activities online (e.g. learning about Islam, questioning scholars, chat), it is important to identify and understand the most important features an Islamic website should portray. In this paper, we conducted extensive web searches and reviewed the literature on Islamic websites in order to explore features that influence users to visit a website for online Islamic activities, consequently leading to user satisfaction. The features were categorized into design, content, and Islamic. Design features were measured by usability, navigation, functionality, accessibility, interactivity, attractiveness, and security/privacy. Content features were measured by trust, objectivity, credibility, reliability, relevance, legitimacy, and authority. Islamic features were measured by Tawhid (belief), Sunnah, (practice), Niyyah (intention), ethics, identity, symbols, and software. We conceptualized and proposed that these features influence the use of I-Web and consequently lead to user satisfaction. The conceptual model will provide direction for future empirical research on Islamic websites, which is currently lacking.

Website design features have been widely studied by researchers in various fields, most especially in e-commerce. Indeed, design features are widely regarded as vital tools that influence website use. However, few studies have devoted significant attention to Islamic website design features that influence website use. The purpose of this study is to identify and explore the most important design features of Islamic websites that influence website use. The study conducted a content analysis on selected Islamic website studies, in which 86 design features were identified, selected, modified, and categorized into six broad features (factors). Ann online survey of 89 Muslim users of Islamic websites was then conducted to rank the identified design features in terms of their importance to the users. The findings of the exploratory factor analysis provide evidence to suggest that only few design features are considered important by Islamic website users. These design features possess highly significant factor-loading and are grouped under "functionality", "navigation", "interactivity", "attractiveness", "organization", and "security/privacy". The study found the above design features to be significant in influencing Islamic website use.

Website design features have been widely studied by researchers in various fields, most especially in e-commerce. Indeed, design features are widely regarded as vital tools that influence website use. However, few studies have devoted significant attention to Islamic website design features that influence website use. The purpose of this study is to identify and explore the most important design features of Islamic websites that influence website use. The study conducted a content analysis on selected Islamic website studies, in which 86 design features were identified, selected, modified, and categorized into six broad features (factors). Ann online survey of 89 Muslim users of Islamic websites was then conducted to rank the identified design features in terms of their importance to the users. The findings of the exploratory factor analysis provide evidence to suggest that only few design features are considered important by Islamic website users. These design features possess highly significant factor-loading and are grouped under "functionality", "navigation", "interactivity", "attractiveness", "organization", and "security/privacy". The study found the above design features to be significant in influencing Islamic website use.

Islamic Websites post a new challenge for evaluation criteria due to the importance to their design contents. Today, little is known regarding the present quality rating of both design & content features of Islamic websites. This paper proposes several criteria to evaluate Islamic Websites: navigation, interactivity, legitimacy, objectivity, authority, relevance, attractiveness, credibility and reliability. A single-user evaluation has been conducted for fifty (50) selected Islamic Websites by using the proposed criteria. The results suggest that the quality of Islamic websites may change significantly over time .The findings also revealed that different design and content features contributes differently to the overall quality of Islamic websites. The paper suggests that the nine (9) identified criteria for both design and content features are suitable for the evaluation of different category of Islamic website's quality.

Islamic websites (I-Webs) demand special attention by the nature of the content they deliver to users. To deliver satisfying and useful content for Islamic activities online (e.g. learning about Islam, questioning scholars, chat), it is important to identify and understand the most important features an Islamic website should portray. In this paper, we conducted extensive web searches and reviewed the literature on Islamic websites in order to explore features that influence users to visit a website for online Islamic activities, consequently leading to user satisfaction. The features were categorized into design, content, and Islamic. Design features were measured by usability, navigation, functionality, accessibility, interactivity, attractiveness, and security/privacy. Content features were measured by trust, objectivity, credibility, reliability, relevance, legitimacy, and authority. Islamic features were measured by Tawhid (belief), Sunnah, (practice), Niyyah (intention), ethics, identity, symbols, and software. We conceptualized and proposed that these features influence the use of I-Web and consequently lead to user satisfaction. The conceptual model will provide direction for future empirical research on Islamic websites, which is currently lacking.

The growing availability of the Internet and advances in the use of technology among Muslims have led to an increase in the number of websites with an Islamic content. Currently, there is an emerging trend in the improvement of the design and quality of Islamic websites. Islamic websites serve as a medium for Islamic organizations, scholars, and individuals to contribute and participate in several online activities. This research is drawn from the deep understanding that website design is a major factor affecting the use of websites by Muslim users. We therefore investigate the most important design features that influence Muslims to use websites in learning about Islam, as an alternative to the traditional face-to-face learning from scholars and books. Website design is measured by functionality, navigation, interactivity, attractiveness, and organizational features, and website use by the extent to which frequent use is influenced by the website's design features. An online survey was conducted from November to December 2012. 89 usable responses were collected from faculty members and students at the International Islamic University Malaysia. The participants have experience in using Islamic websites. They were guided to the survey website via the faculty students' mailing list and Facebook group page. The findings indicate that website attractiveness, functionality, navigation, organizational information, and security/privacy are the most important factors influencing the use of Islamic websites. Interactivity design features were found to be least significant in influencing Muslim users to use Islamic websites for religious purposes. The majority of the Muslim users visit Islamic websites to search for information, seek for scholars' opinions regarding personal issues/problems (Q&A), and learn about Quran and Hadith. The results of the study are valuable indicators for the direction of future research, and also suggest guidelines for the successful development and adoption of Islamic websites.

Muslim scholars and organisations use the Internet through various websites to spread Islam globally. The presence of many websites providing Islamic contents online makes it necessary to examine their Islamic features and the factors that influence Muslims to use Islamic websites. This paper empirically investigates the Islamic features that influence the use of Islamic websites by Muslim users. The identified Islamic factors were grouped under five factors: beliefs, ethics, services, symbols, and values. A survey of 246 Muslim Islamic website users was conducted between November and December 2012 at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The study develops and tests a path measurement model to confirm the psychometric properties of the five identified factors. The study found that Islamic features significantly influence Muslims to use Islamic websites. The measurement model and empirical results provide valuable indicators for the direction of future research and also suggest guidelines for developing Islamic websites that will easily influence many Internet users to visit them in order to learn about Islamic teachings and practices. The findings are also of considerable importance as they contribute to the present body of knowledge on Islamic websites' evaluation and for practice in designing and developing quality Islamic websites.

This paper reports the user experience evaluation of four selected Islamic websites by Muslim users. The challenge of the Islamic websites is how to categorize them as Islamic websites. It is critical for the content to conform to Islamic ethics and principles. This study identifies a set of criteria for the literature for evaluating content of Islamic Websites. The criteria was used to evaluate Islamic websites. The user's experiences, perceptions and expectations of Islamic website are analyzed and described.

Muslim scholars and organisations use the Internet through various websites to spread Islam globally. The presence of many websites providing Islamic contents online makes it necessary to examine their Islamic features and the factors that influence Muslims to use Islamic websites. This paper empirically investigates the Islamic features that influence the use of Islamic websites by Muslim users. The identified Islamic factors were grouped under five factors: beliefs, ethics, services, symbols, and values. A survey of 246 Muslim Islamic website users was conducted between November and December 2012 at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The study develops and tests a path measurement model to confirm the psychometric properties of the five identified factors. The study found that Islamic features significantly influence Muslims to use Islamic websites. The measurement model and empirical results provide valuable indicators for the direction of future research and also suggest guidelines for developing Islamic websites that will easily influence many Internet users to visit them in order to learn about Islamic teachings and practices. The findings are also of considerable importance as they contribute to the present body of knowledge on Islamic websites' evaluation and for practice in designing and developing quality Islamic websites.

Website design features have been widely studied by researchers in various fields, most especially in e-commerce. Indeed, design features are widely regarded as vital tools that influence website use. However, few studies have devoted significant attention to Islamic website design features that influence website use. The purpose of this study is to identify and explore the most important design features of Islamic websites that influence website use. The study conducted a content analysis on selected Islamic website studies, in which 86 design features were identified, selected, modified, and categorized into six broad features (factors). Ann online survey of 89 Muslim users of Islamic websites was then conducted to rank the identified design features in terms of their importance to the users. The findings of the exploratory factor analysis provide evidence to suggest that only few design features are considered important by Islamic website users. These design features possess highly significant factor-loading and are grouped under "functionality", "navigation", "interactivity", "attractiveness", "organization", and "security/privacy". The study found the above design features to be significant in influencing Islamic website use.

Islamic websites (I-Webs) demand special attention by the nature of the content they deliver to users. To deliver satisfying and useful content for Islamic activities online (e.g. learning about Islam, questioning scholars, chat), it is important to identify and understand the most important features an Islamic website should portray. In this paper, we conducted extensive web searches and reviewed the literature on Islamic websites in order to explore features that influence users to visit a website for online Islamic activities, consequently leading to user satisfaction. The features were categorized into design, content, and Islamic. Design features were measured by usability, navigation, functionality, accessibility, interactivity, attractiveness, and security/privacy. Content features were measured by trust, objectivity, credibility, reliability, relevance, legitimacy, and authority. Islamic features were measured by Tawhid (belief), Sunnah, (practice), Niyyah (intention), ethics, identity, symbols, and software. We conceptualized and proposed that these features influence the use of I-Web and consequently lead to user satisfaction. The conceptual model will provide direction for future empirical research on Islamic websites, which is currently lacking.

Islamic Websites post a new challenge for evaluation criteria due to the importance to their design contents. Today, little is known regarding the present quality rating of both design & content features of Islamic websites. This paper proposes several criteria to evaluate Islamic Websites: navigation, interactivity, legitimacy, objectivity, authority, relevance, attractiveness, credibility and reliability. A single-user evaluation has been conducted for fifty (50) selected Islamic Websites by using the proposed criteria. The results suggest that the quality of Islamic websites may change significantly over time .The findings also revealed that different design and content features contributes differently to the overall quality of Islamic websites. The paper suggests that the nine (9) identified criteria for both design and content features are suitable for the evaluation of different category of Islamic website's quality.

This paper investigates the quality ranking of current Islamic websites using nine (9) website features (i.e. navigation, interactivity, legitimacy, objectivity, authority, relevancy, attractiveness, credibility, and reliability) in order to find the highest and lowest quality scores for individual websites based on their design & content feature. A heuristic evaluation method using single-user approach was used to evaluate 50 selected Islamic websites. Google search was used to select the 50 topmost popular Islamic websites on 8 th December, 2009. The findings indicate that there has been a considerable improvement in the quality of Islamic websites in terms of design and information content. The findings also show that none of the websites evaluated displayed biased contents against Islam or Islamic groups. In addition, the findings reveal that websites with the highest quality scores were rated excellent in terms of information legitimacy and objectivity, whereas those with the least quality scores were rated poor in terms of authority and interactivity features. The paper concludes that there are considerable quality variations between Islamic websites with highest and lowest percentage scores.

This paper reports the user experience evaluation of four selected Islamic websites by Muslim users. The challenge of the Islamic websites is how to categorize them as Islamic websites. It is critical for the content to conform to Islamic ethics and principles. This study identifies a set of criteria for the literature for evaluating content of Islamic Websites. The criteria was used to evaluate Islamic websites. The user's experiences, perceptions and expectations of Islamic website are analyzed and described.

Studies of the elderly have shown that the elderly may turn to spirituality and religion when they meet difficult life changing events and experience personal losses. Therefore, instilling hope, offering support and therapeutic interventions such as prayer, thought, morality, artistic expression or professional referrals through the means of ICT technology such as religious websites may lead to spiritual rejuvenation and healing. Internet has become a primary source of information about Islam for its Muslim followers and other people from different religious beliefs. There are thousands of Islamic websites on the Internet, however, majority of them were found low in user satisfaction. One of the reasons was because they failed to provide necessary spiritual experience to the users. Thus, this study was undertaken to explore user spiritual experience with the Islamic websites. We employed a user study with seven older participants to help us understand their spiritual experiences. We asked their experiences with two chosen Islamic websites and their own favourite websites. From the study, we learnt that user spiritual experience is very much affected by Islamic spiritual interfaces, trusted contents and the website usability.

Studies of the elderly have shown that the elderly may turn to spirituality and religion when they meet difficult life changing events and experience personal losses. Therefore,
instilling hope, offering support and therapeutic interventions
such as prayer, thought, morality, artistic expression or
professional referrals through the means of ICT technology
such as religious websites may lead to spiritual rejuvenation
and healing. Internet has become a primary source of
information about Islam for its Muslim followers and other
people from different religious beliefs. There are thousands of Islamic websites on the Internet, however, majority of them
were found low in user satisfaction. One of the reasons was
because they failed to provide necessary spiritual experience to the users. Thus, this study was undertaken to explore user
spiritual experience with the Islamic websites. We employed a user study with seven older participants to help us understand their spiritual experiences. We asked their experiences with two chosen Islamic websites and their own favourite websites. From the study, we learnt that user spiritual experience is very much affected by Islamic spiritual interfaces, trusted contents and the website usability.

We have conducted a study entitled as method of online preaching: a comparison between Islam and Christianity by chosen most popular websites from both Islam and Christianity and examine them. We conducted our study on this topic as to enlighten the knowledge on how Islam and Christian may differ in online preaching. In the end of the study, we should have notified the different between these two religions according to the topic that have been selected.

Islamic Websites post a new challenge for evaluation criteria due to the importance to their design contents. Today, little is known regarding the present quality rating of both design & content features of Islamic websites. This paper proposes several criteria to evaluate Islamic Websites: navigation, interactivity, legitimacy, objectivity, authority, relevance, attractiveness, credibility and reliability. A single-user evaluation has been conducted for fifty (50) selected Islamic Websites by using the proposed criteria. The results suggest that the quality of Islamic websites may change significantly over time .The findings also revealed that different design and content features contributes differently to the overall quality of Islamic websites. The paper suggests that the nine (9) identified criteria for both design and content features are suitable for the evaluation of different category of Islamic website's quality.

This paper investigates the quality ranking of current Islamic websites using nine (9) website features (i.e. navigation, interactivity, legitimacy, objectivity, authority, relevancy, attractiveness, credibility, and reliability) in order to find the highest and lowest quality scores for individual websites based on their design & content feature. A heuristic evaluation method using single-user approach was used to evaluate 50 selected Islamic websites. Google search was used to select the 50 topmost popular Islamic websites on 8th December, 2009. The findings indicate that there has been a considerable improvement in the quality of Islamic websites in terms of design and information content. The findings also show that none of the websites evaluated displayed biased contents against Islam or Islamic groups. In addition, the findings reveal that websites with the highest quality scores were rated excellent in terms of information legitimacy and objectivity, whereas those with the least quality scores were rated poor in terms of authority and interactivity features. The paper concludes that there are considerable quality variations between Islamic websites with highest and lowest percentage scores.

The global explosion of the Internet and its continued use by individuals, Islamic organisations and scholars to spread their teachings and activities has witnessed massive growth over the years. However, it appears that online Islamic content and activities may lack credibility and authority, since the websites are anonymous and uncontrolled in comparison to the traditional face-to-face method of seeking Islamic knowledge. This paper empirically investigates the content and Islamic factors that influence use of Islamic websites by Muslim users and consequently the positive impact of those websites on their behaviour. The study examines the perception of online Muslim users on the impact of various content and Islamic factors on the use of Islamic websites and its subsequent effect on user behaviour. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 2.0; this produced seven factors, namely: content credibility, content objectivity, content reliability, Islamic identity, Islamic services, Islamic symbols, and Islamic ethical values. The findings of the study suggest that both Islamic and content factors are significant indicators for influencing Islamic website use. On the other hand, the findings show that out of the seven factors extracted, only the content reliability factor and Islamic ethical values factor have a weak influence on the use of Islamic websites. In summary, the study indicates that the use of Islamic websites has a positive impact on users towards being better practising Muslims. Finally, the research model and empirical results provide valuable indicators for the direction of future research and also suggest guidelines for developing Islamic websites that will successfully meet users' needs and expectations.