Communication and Journalism

La adopción de las redes sociales a las rutinas comunicativas de los jóvenes conlleva también una nueva forma de informarse sobre la actualidad y sobre los problemas de su entorno que les capacita y les forma como ciudadanos. A través de una encuesta de conveniencia, el presente trabajo, de carácter exploratorio (vinculado a un proyecto de investigación ), compara el modo y percepciones sobre la información que obtienen de las redes los futuros profesionales de Periodismo de Brasil, España y Portugal. Entre las conclusiones más relevantes, se detecta un alto uso de estas herramientas por los universitarios de Comunicación para informarse, aunque muestran un notable grado de escepticismo ante la veracidad de sus contenidos.

For more than a decade, following the peak of the debt crisis, Greece has been facing multiple challenges. Amongthem, a pandemic (COVID-19) that brought the global and thus the Greek economy to a halt, an energy crisis that threatens to flatten entire social classes, a refugee crisis, and wider regional instability. All of these concurrent problems reflect crucial socioeconomic transformations compounding the country's unsustainable debt. Despite these adverse factors, in the present research the anti-European sentiments have almost entirely disappeared from the online public sphere. To examine the presence of Europe in the Greek online public discourse, a quantitative content analysis was conducted. The sample was based on 700 posts published on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube coming from mainstream media organisations' accounts, individual users' accounts, and public pages. According to the research findings, social media platforms function, to some extent, as alternative agenda setters, fostering the dissemination of topics, or the expression of viewpoints that are circumvented by the media organisations' posts. Moreover, the online discussion regarding EU prospects and the European institutions' policies are largely descriptive, devoid of any critical reflection or conflict. Therefore, Greece's position in the EU looks like a one-dimensional issue, a feature that can be attributed to the fact that, in the Greek online public sphere, alternative voices and sources have a limited presence within the most viewed content of social media platforms.

La adopción de las redes sociales a las rutinas comunicativas de los jóvenes conlleva también una nueva forma de informarse sobre la actualidad y sobre los problemas de su entorno que les capacita y les forma como ciudadanos. A través de una encuesta de conveniencia, el presente trabajo, de carácter exploratorio (vinculado a un proyecto de investigación ), compara el modo y percepciones sobre la información que obtienen de las redes los futuros profesionales de Periodismo de Brasil, España y Portugal. Entre las conclusiones más relevantes, se detecta un alto uso de estas herramientas por los universitarios de Comunicación para informarse, aunque muestran un notable grado de escepticismo ante la veracidad de sus contenidos.

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The present research work " INTERNET USAGE AND IT'S IMPORTANCE IN THE LEARNING AND THE TEACHING PROCESS OF EDUCATION IN THE RURAL AND THE URBAN AREAS " was conducted in Nagarjuna Degree College, Neelagiri Degree & PG College and Kakatiya Degree & PG College in Nalgonda Telangana state during the month January 2017 by survey method. In this survey, the teachers and the students participated. The survey was involved with a well-designed questionnaire. The participants were made into four groups and every group had their own way of a questionnaire. All the participants were given each copy of the questionnaire and they had given their opinions, experiences, and suggestions as per the questions. The results revealed that maximum students and teachers from both rural and urban area are using the internet in their learning and teaching process. The 77.55 % of teachers are using the internet in their teaching process, among them 20.40 % from rural area teachers and 57.14 % are from the urban area.

The present research work IMPORTANCE OF INTERNET IN THE LEARNING AND TEACHING PROCESS OF EDUCATION IN THE RURAL AND URBAN AREAS was conducted in Nagarjuna Degree College, Neelagiri Degree & PG College and Kakatiya Degree & PG College in Nalgonda Telangana state during the month January 2017 by survey method. In this survey, the teachers and the students participated. The survey was involved with a well-designed questionnaire. The participants were made into four groups and every group had their own way of a questionnaire. All the participants were given each copy of the questionnaire and they had given their opinions, experiences, and suggestions as per the questions. The results revealed that maximum students and teachers from both rural and urban area said that the internet is important in their learning and teaching process. And maximum number students and teachers from both rural and urban area are suggesting the internet as an important tool in their learning and teaching process. And 76.51 % of students said that internet is an important tool in the learning process, among them 45.55 % are from rural area and 30.96% are from the urban area. And 81.63 % of teachers said that internet is an important tool in the teaching process, among them 57.14 % are from urban area 24.48 % are from the rural area. As the maximum number of students and teachers said that the internet is an important tool in the teaching and the learning process of education, the internet recommended as an important tool in the teaching and the learning process of education.

This article analyzes the nature of debate on “below the line” comment fields at the United Kingdom’s Guardian, and how, if at all, such debates are impacting journalism practice. The article combines a content analysis of 3,792 comments across eighty-five articles that focused on the UN Climate Change Summit, with ten interviews with journalists, two with affiliated commentators, plus the community manager. The results suggest a more positive picture than has been found by many existing studies: Debates were often deliberative in nature, and journalists reported that it was positively impacting their practice in several ways, including providing new story leads and enhanced critical reflection. However, citizen–journalist debate was limited. The results are attributed to the normalization of comment fields into everyday journalism practice, extensive support and encouragement from senior management, and a realization that comment fields can actually make the journalists’ life a little easier.

Over the past decade, particularly with the introduction of Web 2.0 technologies, we have seen an increase in the popularity of social media such as forums, weblogs and wikis and social media applications and services such as Facebook and YouTube along with the proliferation of open publishing initiatives and social news websites. This vibrant upsurge of participatory values and practices can be understood as a sign of a general cultural trend whereby audiences increasingly become active media producers. This participatory culture challenges the top-down model of journalism by allowing anyone to post and upload content without formal editorial moderation or filtering processes, while the boundaries between professional journalists and their audience begin to blur as audiences actively increase their control and involvement over their news consumption, becoming both consumers and creators of media content. Citizens are no longer passive receivers but rather are actively engaged in (re)creating, challenging, questioning, correcting, and personalizing news media.

As a means of combating revenue loss and reconnecting with their audiences, mainstream news media throughout Western democracies have begun tapping into this digital media culture by increasingly adopting participatory forms of journalism. However, these new forms have yet to be study in any great detail. The empirical research that does exist focuses mostly on gauging the opinions, motives and perceptions of editors/journalists, mapping the current trends and forms, and ethnographic studies on newsroom practices. What is needed to take this body of research further is an analysis of the content. This chapter moves in this direction by addressing the question of whether user-generated content within mainstream news media today is improving the quality journalism, i.e. enhancing the public sphere.

One of the most popular forms of user-generated content within mainstream news media is comment fields attached to news articles. Such spaces provide citizens the opportunity to react, debate, and comment on articles (or blogs) written by journalists. The focus of this chapter is on how people are engaging in these spaces. The aim is two fold. First, it is to see to what extent such spaces are facilitating deliberative communicative practices crucial to the public sphere. Are comment fields opening up spaces for citizen deliberation? Second, it is to see whether this type of user-generated content is improving the quality of journalism. Are citizens bringing new ideas, perspectives, facts, and sources to journalistic content?

In order to address these questions, postings from comment fields were examined and assessed within the British online newspaper the Guardian. The sample consisted of 3,169 postings (comments) taken from all those articles/blogs (by Guardian journalists) on the UN Climate Change Summit in Copenhagen during a two week period in December 2009. A case study design with normative and descriptive characteristics was utilized. A content analysis was employed as the primary instrument for examination. The coding scheme focused first on gauging the type and level of interaction. Are participants engaging with the content, journalist, or fellow participants, and are such spaces hosting critical-reciprocal exchange between participants? Second, the analysis identified the purpose of the postings; i.e. are participants providing an opinion/argument, posing a question, providing information, calling for action, and/or degrading or acknowledging another? Finally, the analysis focused on the level to which such spaces bring new and alternative opinions, arguments, facts, and sources to the article, to journalism.

Twitter has become a convenient, cheap and effective beat for journalists in search of news and information. Reporters today increasingly aggregate information online and embed it in journalism discourse. In this paper, we analyse how tweets have increasingly been included as quotes in newspaper reporting  during the rise of Twitter from 2007 to 2011. The paper compares four Dutch and four British national tabloids and broadsheets, asking if tabloid journalists are relying more on this second-hand coverage than their colleagues from quality papers. Moreover,
we investigate in which sections of the paper tweets are included and what kinds of sources are quoted. Consequently, we present a typology of the functions tweets have in news reports. Reporters do include these utterances as either newsworthy or to support or illustrate a story. In some cases, individual tweets or interaction between various agents on Twitter even triggers news coverage. We argue that this new discursive practice alters the balance of power between journalists and sources.

While the newspaper industry is in crisis and less time and resources are available for newsgathering, social media turn out to be a convenient and cheap beat for (political) journalism. This article investigates the use of Twitter as a source for newspaper coverage of the 2010 British and Dutch elections. Almost a quarter of the British and nearly half of the Dutch candidates shared their thoughts, visions, and experiences on Twitter. Subsequently, these tweets were increasingly quoted in newspaper coverage. We present a typology of the functions tweets have in news reports: they were either considered newsworthy as such, were a reason for further reporting, or were used to illustrate a broader news story. Consequently, we will show why politicians were successful in producing quotable tweets. While this paper, which is part of a broader project on how journalists (and politicians) use Twitter, focuses upon the coverage of election campaigns, our results indicate a broader trend in journalism. In the future, the reporter who attends events, gathers information face-to-face, and asks critical questions might instead aggregate information online and reproduce it in journalism discourse thereby altering the balance of power between journalists and sources.