Communication Service

in successful import penetration in medium-high and medium-low technological intensity of the products. R&D spending can play important role in strategies of export-oriented industrialization by a shift of merchandise exports towards higher technological intensity of the products and in successful import penetration.

Introduction: Malnutrition and growth deficiency are common in neurologically impaired children. Gastrostomy placement has been shown to result in significant catchup growth, improved health of the child and reduction in family stress; its cost-effectiveness has not been investigated. Aims: Costs related to gastrostomy placement are estimated here from a prospective controlled study of children referred to a tertiary paediatric centre in the UK. Methods: Costs of inpatient stay, medication, tests, general practitioner consultations, community healthcare, equipment, and parents' indirect costs were estimated at baseline and follow-up. Costs of the different types of gastrostomy surgery are given. Results: Results for both time periods were available for 54 of the 76 children recruited to the study. Five-day food diaries were kept at baseline and follow-up. Costs of food increased slightly but not significantly post surgery from £33 to £40 (J44 to J54, US$65 to US$78) per week. Variation in cost between cases was considerable but the mean net cost difference of £20.80 (CI 2£43.79 to £85.35) (J28 (CI J259 to J115), US$41 (CI US$286 to US$167)) per week per child including for food and surgery, was also not significant. Community service costs were significantly lower post surgery. Few parents reported personal costs at either time point, although many had reduced or stopped paid work to care for the child. As gastrostomy placement for these children resulted in significant clinical benefit at no significant extra cost, it is concluded that the procedure is cost-effective.

Las Humanas is an organization that represents low income, forest-dependent land grant communities in the Manzano Mountains in central New Mexico. Long concerned about the threat of wildfire to forest communities, Las Humanas helped convince Congress to establish a grant ...

Small satellites have been perceived as having limited access to NASA's Space Network consisting of the TDR satellites and associated ground terminals. This paper presents the potential for access of the space network using basic small satellite design constraints and a simple helical antenna for the communications links. From the analysis derived through simulation of the orbit of both satellites, small satellites can be shown to have up to 30 minutes per orbit of single-TDRS access. Data rates on the order of 100 kbps are possible in this configuration with total daily data volumes in excess of 100 Mbits being achievable. Design parameters are given for a variety of orbital inclination angles and spacecraft transmission powers to illustrate the expected available contact time for such small satellites to the Space Network. This is compared with typical access time through a fixed ground station.

Small satellites have been perceived as having limited access to NASA's Space Network consisting of the TDR satellites and associated ground terminals. This paper presents the potential for access of the space network using basic small satellite design constraints and a simple helical antenna for the communications links. From the analysis derived through simulation of the orbit of both satellites, small satellites can be shown to have up to 30 minutes per orbit of single-TDRS access. Data rates on the order of 100 kbps are possible in this configuration with total daily data volumes in excess of 100 Mbits being achievable. Design parameters are given for a variety of orbital inclination angles and spacecraft transmission powers to illustrate the expected available contact time for such small satellites to the Space Network. This is compared with typical access time through a fixed ground station.

Sibling expectations to provide future instrumental or emotional support for a brother or sister with schizophrenia when parents became disabled or died were examined. Data came from a sample of 137 siblings participating in a longitudinal study of aging families of adults with schizophrenia. Early socialization experiences, the quality of the sibling relationship, and personal caregiver gains propel siblings toward a future caregiving role, whereas geographic distance and beliefs about the controllability of psychiatric symptoms reduce expectations of future involvement.

New communication service capabilities of mobile devices have boosted the apparition of ubiquitous multimedia scenarios where users could easily create ad hoc multimedia sessions by friendly providing their requirements and preferences. In order to dynamically create and deploy such ubiquitous multimedia systems, end-users require frameworks which allow them in a spontaneous manner to generate the required multimedia sessions. This work introduces an ontology based framework aimed at the configuration and deployment of multimedia services driven by user preferences. A case study is presented in order to illustrate the use of this framework in the context of extended home networks.

Earth Observations (EO) collect various characteristics of the objective environment using sensors which often have different measuring, spatial and temporal coverage. Making individual observational data interoperable becomes equally important when viewed in the context of its expensive and time-consuming EO operations. Interoperability will improve reusability of existing observations in both the broader context, and with other observations. As a demonstration of the potential offered by semantic web technology, we have used the National Oceanography Centre Southampton's Ferrybox project (where suites of environmental sensors installed on commercial ships collect near real time data) to set up an ontology based reference model of a Collaborative Ocean, where relevant oceanographic resources, such as sensors and observations, can be semantically annotated by their stakeholders to produce RDF format metadata to facilitate data/resource interoperability in a distributed environment. We have also demonstrated an infrastructure where common semantic management activities are supported, including ontology management, semantic annotation, storage, and reuse (navigating, inference and query). Once the method and infrastructure are adopted by other related oceanographic projects to describe their resources and move their metadata onto the semantic web, it would be possible to see better interoperability within the Collaborative Ocean initiative to facilitate multiuse of ocean data, as well as making more EO data available on the semantic web.

A new feature set suited for IP telephony is described. The user value of this feature set is discussed in terms of social science results. This feature set supports natural human collaboration within a human environment. The use by humans of casual awareness to support collaboration is discussed and models taken from architectural research are used to show how casual awareness may be facilitated within the physical and communication environments. A tripartite policy-based architecture is described which can support this new feature set is described.

In this paper, we present a software framework, called HDS (Heterogeneous Distributed System), that tries to simplify the realization of distributed applications and, in particular, of multi-agent systems, by: i) abstracting the use of different technologies for the realization of distributed applications on networks of heterogeneous devices connected through a set of different communication transport protocols, ii) merging the client-server and the peer-to-peer paradigms, and iii) implementing all the interactions among the processes of a system through the exchange of typed messages that allow the implementation of a large set of communication protocols and languages.

AOIS is a multi-agent system that supports the sharing of information among a community of users connected through the Internet. In respect to Web search engines, this system enhances the search through domain ontologies, avoids the burden of publishing the information on the Web and guaranties a controlled and dynamic access to the information. The use of agent technologies has made the realization of three of the main features of the system straightforward: i) filtering of information coming from different users, on the basis of the previous experience of the local user, ii) pushing of new information that can be of interest for a user, and iii) delegation of access capabilities, on the basis of a reputation network, built by the agents of the system on the community of its users.

Now entering its second year, the Humanitarian Engineering Program, which is sponsored by the Hewlett Foundation, at the Colorado School of Mines is creating curriculum that will support engineering students in developing an understanding of their responsibility for solving humanitarian problems that exist throughout the world. As part of this effort, baseline data has been collected on both the faculty and student attitudes towards service activities using the "Community Service Attitudes Scale" which was developed and validated by Shiarella, McCarthy, and Tucker 1 . During the fall of 2004, 78 students and 34 faculty responded to this assessment instrument. Student data were collected in the first semester of the Multidisciplinary Engineering Laboratory course sequence, a required course taken at the start of students' sophomore year before they have the opportunity to participate in the newly revised service learning courses. Faculty completed the attitudes survey during the first faculty meeting of the academic year. This paper describes and compares student and faculty attitudes with respect to service activities prior to the proposed intervention. Attention is given to attitudinal differences between male and female students and among students in different age groups.

This article provides an overview of the Current Practice and Infrastructure of Campus Centers of Community Engagement in their efforts to establish and advance community engagement as part of the college experience. The authors identified key characteristics and the prevalence of activities in the community  engagement centers at engaged campuses by reviewing the professional literature and analyzing over 100 successful applications for the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
elective Community Engagement Classification.  These data can be used as a baseline for centers and institutions of higher education to assess their current structures and programs and to assist in strategic planning for the future. 
Source:
Welch, M., & Saltmarsh, J. (2013). Current practice and infrastructures for campus centers of community engagement. Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement, 17(4), 25–56.

We study the allocation of heterogeneous indivisible objects to agents whose valuations of the objects depend on what other objects they are obtained with. We apply the envyfree criterion to Groves sealed bid auctions, which are value maximizing and dominant strategy incentive compatible for this multi-object allocation problem. First we show that if valuations are unrestricted then there is no Groves auction which ensures that the allocation is always envyfree. We obtain a positive result, however, if the valuations of the objects are superadditive, and give a complete characterization of Groves prices that guarantee envyfreeness for superadditive valuations.

The two goals of this technology transfer study were to: (1) increase the number and appropriateness of services received by substance abuse patients, and thereby (2) give clinical meaning and value to research-based assessment information. A software-based Resource Guide was developed to allow counselors to easily identify local resources for referral of their patients to additional clinical and social services. Two hours of training were provided on the use of the guide. It was hoped that this software and training would provide the counselors with a concrete method of linking the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) assessment information on patient problems to appropriate, available community services. We expected improved treatment planning, increased problem services matching, better patient-counselor rapport/satisfaction and better patient-performance during treatment. Data were analyzed from 131 patients of 33 counselors from 9 treatment programs, randomly assigned to 2 groups-Standard Assessment (SA) or Enhanced Assessment (EA). Patients of counselors in the EA group (1) had treatment plans that were better matched to their needs, (2) received significantly more and better-matched services than patients in the SA group, and (3) were less likely to leave treatment against medical advice and more likely to complete the full course of treatment than patients of counselors in the SA group. They did not have higher levels of patient satisfaction or helping alliance scores. These findings are discussed with regard to integrating empirically supported procedures into contemporary, community-based substance abuse treatment.

People need real opportunities to live the kind of life to which they aspire - to undertake livelihood activities they have reason to value, to achieve good health and well being outcomes, and to have resilience to shocks and stresses. A range of stakeholders consider that economic development is constrained by lack of engagement between Aboriginal people and labor markets,

In the packet switching networks of the future the need for guaranteed performance on a wide variety of traffic characteristics will be of paramount importance. The generation of revenue, to recover costs and provide profit, and the multiple type of services offered will require that new pricing policies be implemented. This paper presents a resource based pricing policy for real-time channels ( ie., channels with guaranteed performance ) in a packet switching network. The policy is based on a set of specific criteria, and the charges for any channel are based on the resources reserved for use by the channel. This reservation charge is based on the type of service requested, the time of day during which the channel exists, and the lifetime of the channel. We argue that the traditional resources are not sufficient to determine a fair reservation charge for a channel offering guaranteed delay bounds, and we introduce the notion of a delay resource in our charging formula. The type of service requested is thus characterized by the amount of the bandwidth, buffer space, CPU, and delay resources reserved. The analysis of this pricing policy is reduced to the analysis of a single node of the network, assuming a homogeneous network. This single-node characteristic increases the scalability and flexibility of the policy. An example of an implementation of this policy is provided.

Most of the solutions proposed to support guaranteed performance communication services in a packet-switching network adopt a connection-oriented and reservation-oriented approach. In this approach, the resource allocation and route selection decisions are made during connection establishment on the basis of the current resource availability and real-time network load, and are usually kept for the duration of the connection's life time. However, such an approach shows two major limitations: first, the communication service provided is usually fixed, with limited or no capability of adapting to dynamic changes in the clients' requirements; second, a low utilization of the network may be observed. In the paper, the authors present a flexible management scheme that allows graceful adaptation of guaranteed performance service connections. Mechanisms have been devised to allow changing of the trade and performance parameters of a real-time connection during its lifetime. These ...

With the demand for multimedia and computational science applications, guaranteed performance communication services have become a necessary feature of future high-speed networks. These communications services should possess a high level of sophistication so that they can easily adapt the network to the wide variety of applications soon to be seen, thereby allowing the network to increase its availability and flexibility. Availability is the ability of the network to accommodate as many real-time clients as possible without violating any client's performance guarantees, while flexibility is the ability to adapt to changing network state and client demands in order to maintain the performance guarantees and quality of service promised to the client. Flexibility also refers to the ability of the network to easily increase the variety of real-time services that it offers. It is our contention that availability and flexibility can be enhanced in a network by providing the network with the ability to modify the performance parameters and/or the route of any guaranteed performance connection in the network without violating the previously made performance contracts. In this paper, we present a scheme for dynamically managing guaranteed performance service connections and experimental results to verify the correctness and usefulness of the scheme. The motivation for this scheme, Dynamic Connection Management (DCM), is discussed, and detailed descriptions of the DCM modification contracts and algorithms are provided. A survey of guaranteed performance services protocols, architectures, and routing algorithms are presented, together with their relevance to this work. A simulator has been built, and preliminary experiments and analyses were done on the scheme. The paper concludes with a summary and some topics for future work.

Most of the solutions proposed to support real-time (i.e. guaranteed performance) communication services in packet-switching networks adopt a connection-oriented and reservation-oriented approach. In such an approach, re- source allocation and route selection decisions are made before the start of the communication on the basis of re- source availability and real-time network load at that time, and are usually kept for the duration of the communica- tion. This rather static resource management approach has certain limitations: it does not take into account (a) the dy- namicity of the communicating clients; (b) the dynamicity of the network state; and (c) the tradeoff between qual- ity of service and network availability, thus affecting the availability and fle xibility of the real-time network services. Availability is the ability of the network to accommodate as many real-time clients as possible, while fle xibility is the ability to adapt the real-time services to changing network...

Background: Many physicians do not routinely inquire about intimate partner violence. Purpose: This qualitative study explores the process of academic detailing as an intervention to change physician behavior with regard to intimate partner violence (IPV) identification and documentation. Method: A non-physician academic detailer provided a seven-session modular curriculum over a two-and-a-half month period. The detailer noted written details of each training session. Audiotapes of training sessions and semistructured exit interviews with each physician were recorded and transcribed. Transcriptions were qualitatively and thematically coded and analyzed using Atlas ti ® . Results: All three study physicians reported increased clarity with regard to the scope of their responsibility to their patients experiencing IPV. They also reported increased levels of comfort in the effective identification and appropriate documentation of IPV and the provision of ongoing support to the patient, including referrals to specialized community services. Conclusion: Academic detailing, if presented by a supportive and knowledgeable academic detailer, shows promise to improve physician attitudes and practices with regards to patients in violent relationships.

Maternal depression is highly prevalent (10 to 20%) during the perinatal period with rates as high as 35 to 40% for Latinas. However, few Latinas are either identified or treated during the perinatal period. To address these disparities, the Perinatal Mental Health Model (PMH) was designed to ameliorate the barriers that prevent adequate diagnoses and intervention. The PMH is a culturally sensitive, short-term telemedicine, and collaborative care intervention for addressing depression among Mexican American mothers. It attends to sociocultural and socioeconomic dimensions and is delivered by trained mental health advisors within obstetric care settings. This article describes the feasibility and acceptability of utilizing the PMH. Participants (n=79) were selected from a first year ongoing randomized trial in community obstetric clinics. The intervention seems feasible and acceptable; low-income Latinas, identified as depressed during the perinatal period, reported having access to a range of appropriate community services and high satisfaction.

Information Technology (PIT) are acknowledged. Opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agencies. Inquiries concerning the availability of the data sets and survey questionnaires used in this report may

The prevalence of mobile devices has attracted research on mobile content delivery techniques. The MobilityFirst(MF) project, discussed in this paper, proposes a clean-slate Internet architecture that enables mobile content-oriented operations at the network level. We describe the design details of the architecture in realizing this and provides a preliminary evaluation on scalability and performance.

Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of the institute. Research disseminated by IZA may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent, nonprofit limited liability company (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung) supported by Deutsche Post World Net. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its research networks, research support, and visitors and doctoral programs. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. The current research program deals with (1) mobility and flexibility of labor, (2) internationalization of labor markets, (3) welfare state and labor market, (4) labor markets in transition countries, (5) the future of labor, (6) evaluation of labor market policies and projects and (7) general labor economics. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available on the IZA website (www.iza.org) or directly from the author. IZA Discussion Paper No. 864

We wish to thank Bonny Parkinson for research assistance. We also wish to thank Jeff Borland and participants in the December 2001 Australian Labour Market Research Workshop for comments on an earlier draft of the paper. Seminar participants at the Australian National University and at EUREQUA, Paris I provided useful feedback. The comments of an anonymous referee have also improved the paper. None of the views expressed in this paper necessarily represent the views of the Department of Family and Community Services.

People need real opportunities to live the kind of life to which they aspire - to undertake livelihood activities they have reason to value, to achieve good health and well being outcomes, and to have resilience to shocks and stresses. A range of stakeholders consider that economic development is constrained by lack of engagement between Aboriginal people and labor markets,

except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.

except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.

A prominent feature of the Brazilian Oil Lease auctions is the "money on the table" left by Petrobras, the state controlled company that for decades held the monopoly of exploiting petroleum in Brazil's territory; the expression refers to the fact that Petrobras' bids are substantially higher than the bids of its competitors. Brasil and Postali (2013) show this formally by demonstrating that Petrobras' bid distribution stochastic dominates that of its competitors in the first-order sense. We propose a simple model that explains this feature as a result of the superior knowledge that Petrobras has on the prospects of finding petroleum in the tracts on sale. Our model has an advantage over the one presented in Hendricks, Porter and Wilson (1994) in which it does not require the reserve price to contain new information about the tract.

In Seattle, Washington, people dedicated to street outreach services and changing arrest patterns among low-level drug offenders and commercial sex workers are involved in an exciting program: Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD). LEAD represents a collaborative project of the United States Department of Corrections, Seattle Police Department, King County Crisis Diversion Facility, the Defender Association Racial Disparity Project, and ACLU of Washington State. The authors initiated qualitative assessment of the program in the summer of 2012; along with other fieldwork activities, interview guides were developed for interviews with LEAD participants, case managers, and police officers to assess the effectiveness of harm reduction features of the program. The research found that LEAD mediated between two opposing perspectives: community members (neighbors, business owners) who seek an intensification of police surveillance and more arrests versus law enforcement officers and officials who contend that no more arrests can be made because of dwindling criminal justice resources. This article explores contestation over urban space and how LEAD can function beyond its immediate goal of channeling clients away from prosecution and incarceration to include bridging divides that threaten to destabilize neighborhood-police relations.

Background: This paper describes the experiences of Australian general practitioners (GPs) in managing problematic crystal methamphetamine (crystal meth) use among two groups of male patients: gay men and HIV positive men. Semi-structured qualitative interviews with GPs with HIV medication prescribing rights were conducted in Sydney, Adelaide and a rural-coastal town in New South Wales between August and October 2006. Participants were recruited from practices with high caseloads of gay and HIV positive men. Results: Sixteen GPs were recruited from seven practices to take part in interviews. Participants included 14 male GPs and two female GPs, and the number of years each had been working in HIV medicine ranged from two to 24. Eleven of the GPs who were based in Sydney raised the issue of problematic crystal meth use in these two patient populations. Five key themes were identified: an increasing problem; associations with depression; treatment challenges; health services and health care; workforce issues. Despite study limitations, key implications can be identified. Health practitioners may benefit from broadening their understandings of how to anticipate and respond to problematic levels of crystal meth use in their patients. Early intervention can mitigate the impact of crystal meth use on co-morbid mental illness and other health issues. Management of the complex relationships between drug use, depression, sexuality and HIV can be addressed following a 'stepped care' approach. General practice guidelines for the management of crystal meth use problems should address specific issues associated with gay men and HIV positive men. GPs and other health practitioners must appreciate drug use as a social practice in order to build trust with gay men to encourage full disclosure of drug use. Education programs should train health practitioners in these issues, and increased resourcing provided to support the often difficult task of caring for people who use crystal meth. Greater resourcing of acute care and referral services can shift the burden away from primary care and community services. Further investigation should consider whether these findings are reproducible in other general practice settings, the relationship between depression, drug use and HIV medication, and challenges facing the HIV general practice workforce in Australia.

Viewed in the light of the theory of accidental excellence, there is much to suggest that the success of the Internet and its various protocols derives from a communications technology accident, or better, a series of accidents. In the early 1990s, many experts still saw the Internet as an academic toy that would soon vanish into thin air again. The

Das im Herbst 1998 abgeschlossene Forschungsprojekt "Interaktionsraum Internet" hat sich mit den konstitutiven Merkmalen der Netzkultur und Netzwerkorganisation beschäftigt. Im Vordergrund des Interesses stand das dynamische Zusammenspiel technischer und gesellschaftlicher Konventionen in der Organisation wie auch im Wandel des Netzes. Die ethnographisch angeleitete Binnenperspektive auf das Internet konzentrierte sich auf drei ausgewählte Bereiche, um Prozesse der Institutionenbildung und die Formen ihrer Transformation zu studieren: die hegemoniale Betriebstechnik der Netzknoten (UNIX), die grundlegende Übertragungstechnik im Netz (das Internet Protokoll IP) und einen populären Kommunikationsdienst (Usenet). Der Schlußbericht des Projekts enthält die Ergebnisse der drei Untersuchungsstränge. Gezeigt wird anhand der Entwicklung in den drei Feldern, daß sich der Wandel des Netzes weder beliebig noch anarchisch vollzieht. Das dezentral organisierte Internet beruht vielmehr auf technisch wie organisatorisch verteilten Formen der Koordination, in denen individuelle Handlungspräferenzen kollektiv definitionsmächtig werden.

This paper describes Service Clouds, a distributed infrastructure designed to facilitate rapid prototyping and deployment of services that enhance communication performance, robustness, and security. The infrastructure combines adaptive middleware functionality with an overlay network substrate in order to support dynamic instantiation and reconfiguration of services. The Service Clouds architecture includes a collection of lowlevel facilities that can be either invoked directly by applications or used to compose more complex services. After describing the Service Clouds architecture, we present results of two experimental case studies conducted on the PlanetLab Internet testbed, the first to improve throughput of bulk data transfer, and the second to enhance the robustness of multimedia streaming.

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the efficient implementation of multicast operations for cluster-based parallel computing on Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. Both software-and hardware-based multicast operations have been implemented and studied on a three-switch ATM network testbed. Performance measurements are presented that illustrate how software approaches can best take advantage of switch-based network architectures, and what additional advantage can be gained from using underlying hardware support.

This paper describes Service Clouds, a distributed infrastructure designed to facilitate rapid prototyping and deployment of adaptive communication services. The infrastructure combines adaptive middleware functionality with an overlay network substrate in order to support dynamic instantiation and reconfiguration of services. The Service Clouds architecture includes a collection of low-level facilities that can be invoked directly by applications or used to compose more complex services. After describing the Service Clouds architecture, we present results of experimental case studies conducted on the PlanetLab Internet testbed alone and a mobile computing testbed.

Rapid improvements in mobile computing devices and wireless networks promise to provide a foundation for ubiquitous computing. However, comparable advances are needed in the design of mobile computing applications and supporting middleware. Distributed software must be able to adapt to dynamic situations related to several cross-cutting concerns, including quality-of-service, fault-tolerance, energy management, and security. We previously introduced Adaptive Java, an extension to the Java programming language, which provides language constructs and compiler support for the development of adaptive software. This paper describes the use of Adaptive Java to develop an adaptable communication component called the MetaSocket. MetaSockets are created from existing Java socket classes, but their structure and behavior can be adapted at run time in response to external stimuli. MetaSockets can be used for several distributed computing tasks, including audits of traffic patterns for intrusion detection, adaptive error control on wireless networks, and dynamic energy management for handheld and wearable computers. This paper focuses on the internal architecture and operation of MetaSockets. We describe how their adaptive behavior is implemented using Adaptive Java programming language constructs, as well as how MetaSockets interact with other adaptive components, such as decision makers and event mediators. Results of experiments on a mobile computing testbed demonstrate how MetaSockets respond to dynamic wireless channel conditions in order to improve the quality of interactive audio streams delivered to iPAQ handheld computers.

Purpose -This study pertains to the novel use of Bayesian Networks to elucidate the interplay between multivariate factors of demographics, personality types, mathematics anxiety, and study habits in predicting the mathematics grades of college students. The research tried to uncover the combination of predictor variables that would likely explain the failure of students across different math courses. Method -The methodology follows a survey of 1200 DLSU-D students across the seven colleges of the university. Personality types were evaluated using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), and mathematics anxiety was measured using the Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS). The machine learning implemented the framework of Probabilistic Graphical Models in Python (PGMPy) for data visualization and analyses. Predictions of possible grades were summarized, and the full Bayesian Network was established. Results -Bayesian analyses have shown that the chances of failing a math subject are generally low for each year level. Personality variables conclude that college students with analyst roles have a higher probability of having a perfect 4.00 grade in a math subject than in an explorer role. Predicting the chances of failure between having or not having math anxiety seems almost no significant difference. The subject, anxiety, consistency, and enjoyment variables are minimally enough to infer the probability of mathematics grades; hence all other variables can be ignored. There was a total of 8 math subjects with predicted probabilities of failing students over a total of 13. Recommendations -Researchers recommend the use of other probabilistic graphical models aside from Bayesian Networks to verify and compare the joint probabilities between the variables of the study. Research Implications -Providing comprehensive insights to properly accommodate at-risk students in each math subject will greatly help mathematics professors recalibrate their attention and teaching strategies.

본 논문은 기존 일반상대성이론의 블랙홀 해석을 넘어, 정보 보존과 위상 구조를 중심으로 한 새로운 블랙홀 존재론을 제시한다. 우리는 ‘응답 모드’라는 위상적 존재 단위를 도입하여, 블랙홀 내부를 완전한 무응답이 아닌 위상 리듬의 축소 공간으로 해석한다. 이 해석을 통해 사건의 지평선은 정보 단절의 경계가 아닌 리듬 감쇠의 분기점으로 재정의되며, 정렬기억장 구조 내에서 블랙홀의 정보 보존 가능성이 제기된다.

또한 본 논문은 빛의 매듭 이론의 수식 체계를 기반으로 블랙홀 중심에서의 위상 응답 함수 $\Psi(t)$, 감쇠율 $\lambda$, 위상 외삽 편향값 $\Lambda_{\text{bias}}$ 등을 공식화하고, 이를 통해 블랙홀 증발 과정과 호킹 복사 이후의 잔류 구조 가능성을 분석하였다. 결과적으로 블랙홀은 단순한 엔트로피 수용체가 아닌, 위상 응답 흐름에 따라 재구성되는 정보 리듬장의 중심 구조로 재해석된다.

이러한 관점은 중력, 정보, 존재론 간의 통합적 관문을 열며, 고전적 특이점 이론을 넘는 구조적 대안을 제시한다. 특히 본 연구는 정렬기억장 기반 우주론의 실험적 적용 가능성을 블랙홀이라는 경계 조건에서 타진하는 시도이기도 하다.

Background: Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork is a collection of two or more mobile nodes that has no infrastructure support, and every mobile node can work as a router. In MANET mobile nodes can move arbitrarily, consequently the system topology changes in random manner. Practically, in order to allow mobile nodes to communicate with each other, a routing protocol is desired to discover routes between nodes, and determines how information is transmitted from a source node to a destination node. Basically, MANET routing protocols are classified into two categories: On-demand and

1 Abstract LUPTAI is a decision-aiding tool to enable local and state governments to optimise land use and transport integration. In contrast to mobility between land uses (typically via road), accessibility represents opportunity and choice to reach common land use destinations by public transport and/or walking. LUPTAI uses a GIS-based methodology to quantify and map accessibility to common land use destinations by walking and/or public transport. The tool can be applied to small or large study areas. It can be applied to the ...

Interactivity in transport protocol can greatly benefit transport friendly applications. We have recently implemented an interactive version of TCP. The implementation has two components--an interactive transport protocol over FreeBSD called iTCP and, a novel symbiotic MPEG-2 full logic transcoder, which can dynamically change video characteristics based on interactive congestion response inside network layer. We have experimented with the real system on the Active Network (ABone) using selected nodes in the U.S. and Europe. In this report we present the jitter and delay experiments of the live video streaming results to these sites. A second report contains the detail results from application level video quality experiments.

Staff working directly with adults’ challenging behaviours in learning disability services need to be very good at what they do. They also need to want to do the job. A theory—practice gap exists, however, between what is known about effective, evidence-based approaches and whether and how these are used in person-centred community services. Many frontline staff working with people with the most serious challenging behaviours do not have the skills to implement programmes to change behaviour. This discussion article reviews workforce development in the context of clinical and service guidelines and asks whether the legitimate purview of frontline staff is treating challenging behaviour, managing it or simply coping with it on a daily basis, whilst maintaining the best quality of life possible for service users.

Computer based community systems can provide powerful support in knowledge transfer, both in the direct exchange of information and in finding people to exchange information with. The problem of current approaches is, that they are not able to exchange data with each other. User profile information and contributed information have to be entered separately for every community-based information system. So, what one system has learned is not available for other systems. In this paper we present our ideas for a community services infrastructure as an enabling technology for further integration of community related services.

This paper presents a study of using telepresence and assistance robots in caring for elderly people. We have presented the requirements for these types of robots and possible application fields. Few models of robots will be presented, analyzing technical requirements of assistance robots and their applications. Hereinafter is presented a robot model being under design and development.

Upon returning to rural areas after specialist treatment in a metropolitan centre, the highest reported needs of carers are related to emotional support, the need to talk to someone who understands the patient's situation. Having left the comfort of the supportive relationships established with metropolitan health professionals, carers may not feel confident about local knowledge levels and medical expertise within the limited resources of rural health professionals . Silveira and Winstead-Fry (17) reported that carers' needs in rural settings were three times more likely not to be met, compared to patients' needs. This lack of support may occur, in part, because family carers in rural settings are viewed as resources rather than as recipients of care themselves (18). Palliative Care Australia (PCA) is the peak body representing palliative care in Australia. In mid-2003, PCA launched a National Inquiry into the Social Impact of Caring for Terminally Ill People to gather experience, opinion, policy and research related to the social impact of unpaid caring for the terminally ill. PCA invited public submissions from individual carers and their support organisations and service providers to complement a review of national and international literature (19). This article describes the experiences of carers and service providers who participated in this public submission process and in particular the special needs encountered in rural settings. N a t i o n a l Rural Health C o n f e r e n c e Data were collated by content analysis and by grouping stories and accounts on the impact of caring into financial, physical and emotional aspects, which were often intertwined.