Cloud-based Architectures

A significant and very extended approach for Smart Cities is the use of sensors and the analysis of the data generated for the interpretation of phenomena. The proper sensor location represents a key factor for suitable data collection, especially for big data. There are different methodologies to select the places to install sensors. Such methodologies range from a simple grid of the area to the use of complex statistical models to provide their optimal number and distribution, or even the use of a random function within a set of defined positions. We propose the use of the same data generated by the sensor to locate or relocate them in real-time, through what we denominate as a 'hot-zone', a perimeter with significant data related to the observed phenomenon. In this paper, we present a process with four phases to calculate the best georeferenced locations for sensors and their visualization on a map. The process was applied to the Guadalajara Metropolitan Zone in Mexico where, during the last twenty years, air quality has been monitored through sensors in ten different locations. As a result, two algorithms were developed. The first one classifies data inputs in order to generate a matrix with frequencies that works along with a matrix of territorial adjacencies. The second algorithm uses training data with machine learning techniques, both running in parallel modes, in order to diagnose the installation of new sensors within the detected hot-zones.

Pension systems are vital financial facilities that must be adequately protected against fraud, information threats,
and other financial perils for the benefit of the interested parties. Traditional methods of risk assessment are
limited, especially in the cybersecurity threats, compliance processes and fraud prevention in a real-time manner.
Thus, implementing AI and ML in cloud-based architectures can be an effective solution for improving the security
of the pension system, automating the risk analysis of all kinds of threats, and detecting various types of fraud.  By
availing supervised and unsupervised learning approaches, this paper examines the potential of AI to identify
fraudulent activities and evaluate the risks in pension systems. It also discusses architectures that allow scalability.
Moreover, it explores current architectures in real-time monitoring of the OS and data encryption enhancement on
the cloud. The traditional method of utilizing AI in pension administration focuses on effectively identifying new
challenges and employing predictive analytics to prevent or address them before they harm the pension fund
adversely. In this paper, real cases and experiments proving the feasibility of using Autoencoders and LSTMs in the
identification of suspicious transactions and irregular pension transfers have also been discussed. In addition, some
of the issues highlighted in this paper include data privacy issues, interpretability of results, and AI prejudice in
generating the decision. We suggest future work based on the following directions: federated learning to train secure
AI models and adopting ethical frameworks to improve the model's interpretability and fairness. The significance of
the issue, the analyses made, the conclusions drawn, and the measures recommended all suggest that the application
of AI in the pension fund and pension management presents both opportunities for enhanced pension security, fraud
prevention, and legal compliance in terms of size and complexity in cloud environments.

In a time of increasing cyber threats and digital interconnectedness, protecting national financial systems and critical infrastructure — including power supplies, shipment routes and government data — is mission-critical. In this paper, we introduce a powerful, scalable, and resilient cloud architecture to protect these high-value targets. By utilizing next-gen technologies like zero-trust frameworks, AI-driven threat detection, blockchain for transactional integrity, and multi-cloud redundancy, the proposed model strengthens the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the underlying data. This architecture enables proactive defense, swift incident response, and compliance with national cybersecurity directives by incorporating policy-aware orchestration and ongoing risk evaluation. The fate of national resilience? It is up in the cloud—secure, smart, sovereign.

This paper introduces an open, interoperable and cloud computing-based citizen engagement platform for the management of administrative processes of public administrations, which also increases the engagement of citizens. The citizen engagement platform is the outcome of a threeyear Italian national project called PRISMA (Interoperable cloud platforms for smart-government, http://www.ponsmartcities-prisma.it/). The aim of the project is to constitute a new model of digital ecosystem that can support and enable new methods of interaction among public administrations, citizens, companies and other stakeholders surrounding cities. The platform has been defined by the media as an Italian "cloud" that allows public administrations to (i) acquire and enable any kind of application or service; (ii) enable access to open services; and (iii) enable access to a vast knowledge base represented as linked open data to be reused by a stakeholders community with the aim of developing new applications ("Cloud Apps") tailored to the specific needs of citizens. The platform has been used by Catania and Syracuse municipalities, two of the main cities of the Southern Italy, located in the Sicilian region. The fully adoption of the platform is rapidly spreading around the whole region (local developers have already used available APIs to create further services for citizens and administrations) to such an extent that other provinces of Sicily and Italy in general expressed their interest for its usage. The platform is available online and, as mentioned above, is open source and provides APIs for full exploitation.

Sustainability, appropriate use of natural resources and providing a better quality of life for citizens has become a prerequisite to change the traditional concept of a smart city. A smart city needs to use latest generation Information Technologies, IT, and hardware to improve services and data, to offer to create a balanced environment between the ecosystem and inhabitants. This paper analyses the advantages of using a private cloud architecture to share hardware and software resources when it is required. Our case study is Guadalajara, which has nine municipalities and each one monitor's air quality. Each municipality has a set of servers to process information independently and consists of information systems for the transmission and storage of data with other municipalities. We analysed the behaviour of the carbon footprint during the years1999-2013 and we observed a pattern in each season. Thus our proposal requires municipalities to use a cloud-based solution that allows managing and consolidating infrastructure to minimize maintenance costs and electricity consumption to reduce carbon footprint generated by the city.

Sustainability, appropriate use of natural resources and providing a better quality of life for citizens has become a prerequisite to change the traditional concept of a smart city. A smart city needs to use latest generation Information Technologies, IT, and hardware to improve services and data, to offer to create a balanced environment between the ecosystem and inhabitants. This paper analyses the advantages of using a private cloud architecture to share hardware and software resources when it is required. Our case study is Guadalajara, which has nine municipalities and each one monitor's air quality. Each municipality has a set of servers to process information independently and consists of information systems for the transmission and storage of data with other municipalities. We analysed the behaviour of the carbon footprint during the years1999-2013 and we observed a pattern in each season. Thus our proposal requires municipalities to use a cloud-based solution that allows managing and consolidating infrastructure to minimize maintenance costs and electricity consumption to reduce carbon footprint generated by the city.

With the development of computer technology, data and database structure and information systems have become widespread. For a distributed and dynamic environment, it is essential to realize the requirements of daily life in a short time. This study proposes the response model of the municipal system based on big data. It enables how significant sources of information, especially those containing uncertain and incomplete data, are evaluated and analyzed for fast and efficient decision-making with a cloud computingbased reference model. In this study, all data types in the municipal activities environment are assessed and analyzed in the reference model, including data management with submodules.

Sustainability, appropriate use of natural resources and providing a better quality of life for citizens has become a prerequisite to change the traditional concept of a smart city. A smart city needs to use latest generation Information Technologies, IT, and hardware to improve services and data, to offer to create a balanced environment between the ecosystem and inhabitants. This paper analyses the advantages of using a private cloud architecture to share hardware and software resources when it is required. Our case study is Guadalajara, which has seven municipalities and each one monitor's air quality. Each municipality has a set of servers to process information independently and consists of information systems for the transmission and storage of data with other municipalities. We analysed the behaviour of the carbon footprint during the years 1999-2013 and we observed a pattern in each season. Thus our proposal requires municipalities to use a cloud-based solution that allows managing and consolidating infrastructure to minimize maintenance costs and electricity consumption to reduce carbon footprint generated by the city.

With the development of computer technology, data and database structure and information systems have become widespread. For a distributed and dynamic environment, it is essential to realize the requirements of daily life in a short time. This study proposes the response model of the municipal system based on big data. It enables how significant sources of information, especially those containing uncertain and incomplete data, are evaluated and analyzed for fast and efficient decision-making with a cloud computingbased reference model. In this study, all data types in the municipal activities environment are assessed and analyzed in the reference model, including data management with submodules.

Sustainability, appropriate use of natural resources and providing a better quality of life for citizens has become a prerequisite to change the traditional concept of a smart city. A smart city needs to use latest generation Information Technologies, IT, and hardware to improve services and data, to offer to create a balanced environment between the ecosystem and inhabitants. This paper analyses the advantages of using a private cloud architecture to share hardware and software resources when it is required. Our case study is Guadalajara, which has seven municipalities and each one monitor's air quality. Each municipality has a set of servers to process information independently and consists of information systems for the transmission and storage of data with other municipalities. We analysed the behaviour of the carbon footprint during the years 1999-2013 and we observed a pattern in each season. Thus our proposal requires municipalities to use a cloud-based solution that allows managing and consolidating infrastructure to minimize maintenance costs and electricity consumption to reduce carbon footprint generated by the city.

This paper introduces an open, interoperable and cloud computing-based citizen engagement platform for the management of administrative processes of public administrations, which also increases the engagement of citizens. The citizen engagement platform is the outcome of a threeyear Italian national project called PRISMA (Interoperable cloud platforms for smart-government, http://www.ponsmartcities-prisma.it/). The aim of the project is to constitute a new model of digital ecosystem that can support and enable new methods of interaction among public administrations, citizens, companies and other stakeholders surrounding cities. The platform has been defined by the media as an Italian "cloud" that allows public administrations to (i) acquire and enable any kind of application or service; (ii) enable access to open services; and (iii) enable access to a vast knowledge base represented as linked open data to be reused by a stakeholders community with the aim of developing new applications ("Cloud Apps") tailored to the specific needs of citizens. The platform has been used by Catania and Syracuse municipalities, two of the main cities of the Southern Italy, located in the Sicilian region. The fully adoption of the platform is rapidly spreading around the whole region (local developers have already used available APIs to create further services for citizens and administrations) to such an extent that other provinces of Sicily and Italy in general expressed their interest for its usage. The platform is available online and, as mentioned above, is open source and provides APIs for full exploitation.

Reactive systems have been investigated and used for a long time. Due to new methods and new technology development, the reactive systems needs their redefinition. These systems are currently an interesting topic for IT (Information Technology) solution providers. In this paper the authors try to define a new view of the architecture of reactive systems, because reactive systems are evolving and there is no clear definition of them. The starting point of the investigation was the reactive manifesto which defines reactive systems by four main features (quality attributes): responsiveness, resilience, elasticity and message driven interoperability. The mentioned quality attributes are the basis for developing a system solution. For each of the quality attributes, a set of tactics are proposed to maintain attribute required behavior. The suitability of the proposed tactics was investigated for Reactive Sensor Middleware which is part of a CoS (Cloud of Sensors) in the PaaS (Platform as a Service) layer. A cloud of sensors for pollution monitoring in urban areas was used as an example. Verification of the tactics has confirmed that some of the proposed tactics are suitable for the selected CoS subsystem.

There is no doubt that the keeping the air quality clean and protect it from various sources of emissions represents a major global issues and concern for any government. Today, the people are suffering from overpopulation and urban extension and industrial problems on resources and environmental circles account. This paper aims to design and implement a framework based cloud management system for air quality in Arabic region. The proposed framework model is integrating and managing different types of modules and services, which is a customized version of the ISO 14001 EMS standard. This system can used effectively to monitor and predict the level of air quality and issue suitable alert messages depending on the levels of dangerous. This system help to collect and examine the data cleaning through the environmental stations that are capable of recording the relevant environment information such the level of gases such as O3, CO, HCT, CH4, NCH4, SO2, H2S, NO, NOx and NO2. Besides, determine the dust level, wind direction and speed, humidity and temperature. Data mining and soft computing based neural and genetic optimization systems could use for analyzing and visualizing the air quality level.

In this paper we present requirements, trends, models and proposed methods relating to the issue of providing libraries with sustainable, technological support, both in terms of economic sustainability and in terms of successful adaptation to the continuously evolving user needs and environment. Tangible benefits, but also limitations, regarding established trends such as open source software, appropriate to library needs are highlighted while new application and service delivery models, such as Software as a Service (SaaS), virtualization and /or Cloud Computing are presented, in relationship with practical issues libraries are facing.

Sustainability, appropriate use of natural resources and providing a better quality of life for citizens has become a prerequisite to change the traditional concept of a smart city. A smart city needs to use latest generation Information Technologies, IT, and hardware to improve services and data, to offer to create a balanced environment between the ecosystem and inhabitants. This paper analyses the advantages of using a private cloud architecture to share hardware and software resources when it is required. Our case study is Guadalajara, which has nine municipalities and each one monitor’s air quality. Each municipality has a set of servers to process information independently and consists of information systems for the transmission and storage of data with other municipalities. We analysed the behaviour of the carbon footprint during the years1999-2013 and we observed a pattern in each season. Thus our proposal requires municipalities to use a cloud-based solution that allows managing and consolidating infrastructure to minimize maintenance costs and electricity consumption to reduce carbon footprint generated by the city.

Sustainability, appropriate use of natural resources and providing a better quality of life for citizens has become a prerequisite to change the traditional concept of a smart city. A smart city needs to use latest generation Information Technologies, IT, and hardware to improve services and data, to offer to create a balanced environment between the ecosystem and inhabitants. This paper analyses the advantages of using a private cloud architecture to share hardware and software resources when it is required. Our case study is Guadalajara, which has seven municipalities and each one monitor’s air quality. Each municipality has a set of servers to process information independently and consists of information systems for the transmission and storage of data with other municipalities. We analysed the behaviour of the carbon footprint during the years 1999-2013 and we observed a pattern in each season. Thus our proposal requires municipalities to use a cloud-based solution that allows managing and consolidating infrastructure to minimize maintenance costs and electricity consumption to reduce carbon footprint generated by the city.

The analysis of urban mobility information lets us improve different services within a city. However, due to the interaction between different systems logically inter- connected generating information on a daily basis, the very large volume of data collected brings challenges for the processing, visualization and simulation of data. Moreover the people through the use of mobile devices, act as a networked sensors collecting data that are convenient to analyze in order to get valuable information about real urban dynamics.
Trends on big data technologies have proposed the adoption of new programming models able to process the growing amount of information such as MapReduce, among others. This work presents the construction of a model for a test bed to perform analysis and simulation of urban mobility using these trends; the development of this test bed, over a University campus, is intended to scale up to a city under the scope of Smart Cities.