Carl Sagan

atching mainstream science in America under attack by the US federal and many state governments, most scientists and health care providers are wondering how this could be happening. The USA is a nation with an amazing history of research and technological innovation, and its impressive economic growth is linked directly to advances in science and technology. Historically, the nation has made heroes of its scientists; Franklin, Carver, Bell, Deere, Edison, Ford, the Wright Brothers, Einstein, Feynman and many more. So how can US President Trump, Secretary of Health Robert F Kennedy Jr or Director of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Mehmet Oz and their enthusiastic followers be succeeding in defunding research and installing ideological oversight and censorship that is crushing science, technology and engineering and will for many years to come?

A gran escala, las galaxias forman supercúmulos. Nuestra Vía Láctea forma parte del Grupo Local, que a su vez forma parte del Cúmulo de Virgo, que a su vez forma parte de un supercúmulo mayor: Laniakea. Y como todos los supercúmulos del universo, Laniakea es solo una estructura fantasmal y aparente. Con el tiempo, la energía oscura la destruirá por completo.

Türkçe versiyonu aşağıda / Turkish version below "Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home. That's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every 'superstar,' every 'supreme leader,' every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there -on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.

Two influential communicators of science & natural history, Carl Sagan and Carl Kauffeld, shared a summer together in Far West Texas in 1956. The two Carls—both science popularizers and both from New York—would finish out their shared summer deep in the heart of West Texas and would, of course, go on to become perhaps the most influential popularizers of their respective fields of science and natural history in the latter half of the twentieth century. While one of them was forming his experiences and thoughts that would shape his ability to inspire others who were interested in scanning the Earth’s terrain for snakes, the other was doing the same thing at the same time and same place to help others look up and appreciate the cosmos.

The digital revolution driven by global connectivity, computing as a utility, artificial intelligence, and information sharing on an unprecedented scale is forcing the redefinition of intelligence in a broader context that extends beyond human intelligence. This paper addresses the principal characteristics of biological intelligence, as it exists on planet Earth and the form it may take in an extraterrestrial context. Human intelligence, as the most evolved form of biological intelligence on Earth, is treated as the aggregation of multiple intelligences that cannot be encapsulated in a single metric such as an Intelligence Quotient (IQ). The concept of a postbiological civilization that combines biological intelligence with artificial intelligence is presented as a cultural evolution that is driven by the replacement of the propagation of genes with some alternative replicator. The paper concludes with speculations of the nature of extraterrestrial intelligence that is likely to be much older and far superior to biological intelligence, and may be of a form that is incomparable to human intelligence and therefore unrecognizable by humans.

Here's my theory, laid out in an engaging and presentable manner: Naveen Kharwal's "The Three Stages of Human Evolution: A Cosmic Journey" presents a captivating theory about humanity's past, present, and future, intricately tied to Earth's destiny and our ultimate survival. It even offers a fresh perspective on the enduring mystery of "aliens.

This paper proposes a novel theoretical framework named Technological Singularity despite Decentralized Consumption (TSDC), which challenges the conventional notion that advanced civilizations require exponentially increasing energy consumption. Instead, it suggests that future high-level civilizations will reduce total energy usage by focusing on precision, efficiency, and ultra-refined technologies. We develop a mathematical model illustrating the growth of intelligence density under decentralized consumption constraints. Furthermore, we explore how this framework informs methods for detecting extraterrestrial civilizations, emphasizing the significance of low-energy, highly efficient technological signatures rather than traditional megastructure or energy-intensive signals. This approach broadens the scope of astrobiological search strategies and highlights the need for sensitive detection tools tailored to subtle technosignatures.

En el presente trabajo breve, se prevé un acercamiento general al pensamiento de Carl Sagan, para luego centrarse, dentro de ese marco, en los alcances de teología natural que se desprenden de sus obras, particularmente de su novela Contacto y de la recopilación de sus ponencias en las Conferencias Gifford para la promoción y difusión del estudio de la Teología natural.
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Natural Theology in Carl Sagan´s thought
A general overview through Carl Sagan´s works

This paper provides a general overview of Carl Sagan's thought, and then focuses, within that framework, on the principal ideas of natural theology present in his works, particularly in his novel Contact and the collection of his presentations at the Gifford Conferences for the promotion and dissemination of the study of natural theology.

Today, humanity is experiencing an unprecedented global crisis in international relations: political instability, economic imbalance, ideological fragmentation, and escalating military confrontations. The legal, moral, and spiritual norms that have long guided civilizations are being ignored or deliberately dismantled. Alarmingly, this intensifying global rivalry is now extending into near-Earth space, where new technologies are increasingly being harnessed not for exploration, but for militarization. In the midst of this turmoil, a critical question arises: Has science reached the correct understanding of space? Could humanity, in its blind technological race, be stumbling into the depths of a reality it does not comprehend? And even more fundamentally-is our prevailing idea of the Universe itself flawed?

On Cosmic Clocks and the Cycles of Eons is a complex metaphysical-philosophical treatise exploring the temporal and cosmic structures underpinning existence. The author investigates the interplay of space, time, matter, and consciousness across eonic scales, merging scientific cosmology with esoteric theology. Central to the work is the concept of "cosmic clocks"—natural, metaphysical, and transcendental time structures that govern everything from galactic motion and solar cycles to the rise and fall of civilizations and metaphysical epochs.

The text draws on a wide range of philosophical traditions, including Neoplatonism, Hermeticism, Chaldean theology, and Orphic cosmology, proposing a layered understanding of time: empirical, symbolic, and ontological. Saturnin uses analogies such as the evolution of the eye, galactic motion, and the Orphic symbolism of Gaia and Hecate to express how metaphysical forces interact with physical phenomena. The Sun, stars, and celestial bodies are presented as both physical entities and metaphysical archetypes—manifestations of divine intelligences.

Eons are defined as completed cosmic cycles, representing metaphysical transformations and epochal shifts. The author contends that time, like space, is not merely a measurable quantity but an ontological force—both an instrument and a revelation. He ultimately advocates for a deep, intuitive, and experiential approach to time, cosmology, and metaphysical knowledge, accessible only to those with vast mental scope and spiritual discipline.

The "Curse of Nature" theory proposes that Earth has experienced cycles of domination by different species, each eventually facing its own extinction. From the reign of dinosaurs, through the rise of human civilization, to the current era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the species that achieved dominance have either led to their own demise or succumbed to natural rebalancing forces. This theory posits that humanity's dominance may ultimately give way to an AI-driven future that might marginalize or even erase human existence, allowing Earth to return to its natural equilibrium without human influence.

Üçüncül nesil bir yıldız olduğu tahmin edilen ve teknik olarak bir sarı cüce
olan Güneş’imiz, elbette sistemimizin ve gezegenimizdeki hayatın en
önemli kaynağıdır. Sistemimiz ise pek çok konuda kendine has yönler
barındırmaktadır. Örneğin bu boyutlarda olan yıldızlar, genellikle
ikişer veya üçer yıldız sistemleri halinde bulunmakla birlikte Güneş’imiz
bildiğimiz kadarıyla yalnız bir yıldızdır. Her ne kadar doğduğu dönem bir
kardeşi olduğundan bahsedilse de bugünlerde ondan pek haber
alamamaktayız. Bunun haricinde sistemimiz pek çok gezegen, uydu ve
asteroid bulundurmaktadır. Her ne kadar bugün bilinen 8 gezegen olsa da
bir zamanlar bunun böyle olmadığı, sistemimizden atıldığı veyahut bir
şekilde yok olduğu iddia edilen gezegenler de vardır. Modern bilimin
tahmin ettiği bu hipotetik gezegenlerin dışında Eski Çağ’dan Newton
sonrası döneme kadar iddia edilmiş pek çok gezegen de bulunmaktadır.
Bizler bugün bu hipotetik gezegenleri kronolojik bir sıra içerisinde
inceleyeceğiz ve gerçekliklerini tartışacağız.

This essay explores electricity as more than just a utility—it reveals it as a foundational force that governs life from the atomic to the societal level. As a passionate thinker from Tanzania with no formal scientific background, I aim to present a unique perspective on why electricity may be the most powerful scientific discovery of all time. This piece is intended to provoke thought, spark discussion, and invite contributions from both experts and curious minds around the world.

Hay autores que consideran al divulgador científico Carl
Sagan como un crítico hostil a las religiones que siempre las vio como
opuestas y enfrentadas al pensamiento racional y a la ciencia. Aquí se
argumentará que Sagan no fue un simple partidario del conflicto entre
la ciencia y la religión, sino un pensador que siempre mantuvo una línea
coherente de defensa de la crítica y de la aceptación de nuestros errores
como algo necesario en todas las áreas del quehacer humano, incluida la
religión. El falibilismo en ciencia y religión puede verse como un punto
de encuentro a partir del cual ambas pueden avanzar en sus búsquedas
respectivas de lo verdadero y de lo sagrado.

Neste ano, a missão Cassini-Huygens completa cinco anos desde seu desfecho quando foi lançada propositalmente para colidir contra a espessa atmosfera do nosso grandioso Senhor dos Anéis. Durante quase vinte anos, esta missão obteve surpreendentes resultados sobre o complexo sistema saturnino revelando mistérios e fenômenos obscurecidos pela enorme distância que separa este planeta da Terra. Nesse contexto, serão apresentados os principais feitos da missão Cassini enviada para investigar Saturno, seus anéis e suas luas dando ênfase aos resultados obtidos sobre as luas Titã e Encélado a partir de uma extensa revisão bibliográfica. Os equipamentos e experimentos que viajaram a bordo da espaçonave Cassini e da sonda europeia Huygens coletaram diversos dados e revelaram correntes de jato na atmosfera de Saturno, longas tempestades que varrem o planeta de leste a oeste e auroras boreais em sua alta atmosfera. Além disso, a missão contribuiu para melhor entendimento sobre as interações que ocorrem entre Saturno, seus anéis e suas luas. Por fim, a espaçonave Cassini revelou que a lua gelada Encélado apresenta atividade geológica como criovulcanismo e Titã possui lagos, rios e oceanos de hidrocarbonetos que sofrem transformações semelhantes àquelas que a água sofre aqui na Terra.

Energía y materia:  Sin Energía no es posible la realidad en ninguna de sus formas y, mucho menos, la Vida en cualquiera de sus manifestaciones. Se llama a la Energía el corazón de la Materia... Sin duda que es eso y también el punto de apoyo del Orden Universal.
  Unos dicen que la Energía es el canal en que se expresa la voluntad y el poder de Dios. Para otros, la Energía, elemento físico o efecto de virtualidades e interacciones “químicas”, equivale a “movimiento, hermano inseparable de la Materia”: por el movimiento o Energía y gracias a  su constitución, la Materia cobra, progresivamente, multiplicidad y perfección

This paper explores the concept of extraterrestrial life by synthesizing information from astrobiology, astronomy, and technological advancements in the search for aliens. It examines key questions about the conditions required for life, potential alien biosignatures, and current efforts in extraterrestrial detection. By addressing the challenges and implications of contact with extraterrestrial civilizations, this paper seeks to foster an informed dialogue on humanity's place in the universe.

Sepharial tarafından yazılmış ve Project Gutenberg tarafından dijitalleştirilmiş "Astroloji: Kendi Burç Yorumunuzu Nasıl Yaparsınız ve Okursunuz"  ismi ile Türkçe'ye tercüme ettiğim bu eser meraklıları için astroloji kılavuzudur .  Kitap, gezegenlerin doğası, zodyak işaretleri, gökyüzü evleri ve astrolojik açılar gibi temel astroloji kavramlarını açıklamaktadır.  Daha sonra, bir doğum haritası nasıl oluşturulur ve yorumlanır, karakter analizi yapılır, sağlık ve gelecek tahminleri nasıl yapılır gibi konuları ele alır.  Son olarak, geçişler, tutulmalar ve diğer astrolojik yöntemlerle zamanlama ve olayların tahmin edilmesi hakkında bilgiler sunmaktadır.

İnsanlık yüzyıllar boyunca üzerinde yaşadığı dünyayı anlamaya çalışırken, aslında onun hakkında ne kadar az şey bildiğini fark edebildi mi? Haritalarda “Terra Incognita” olarak işaretlenen keşfedilmemiş bölgeler, bilinmeyenin yarattığı korkuları nasıl şekillendirdi? Cehalet, insanların hayal gücünü nasıl besledi ve bilimsel keşiflere giden yolu nasıl açtı?

Alain Corbin Terra Incognita, On Sekizinci ve On Dokuzuncu Yüzyılda Cehaletin Tarihi’nde, cehaletin ve bilgi eksikliklerinin insanlık tarihinin gelişiminde üstlendiği rolü araştırıyor. Konu edindiği yüzyıllarda volkanlardan kutup bölgelerine, okyanusların derinliklerinden stratosfere kadar, dünyanın çeşitli gizemlerini anlatırken, bu bölgeler hakkındaki her yeni keşfin ne büyük hatalar, önyargılar ve hayranlık uyandıran hislerle harmanlandığını ortaya koyuyor. Bir yandan da toplumların bilgiye erişimindeki sınırların yol açtığı tutarsızlıkları ve bu süreçten doğan düşünsel dönüşümleri inceliyor. Yalın üslubuyla Corbin, okurunun hem bilinmeyene duyduğu merakı körüklüyor hem de dünyayı anlama tutkusunu canlandırıyor.

Bilimsel olarak kanıtlanmayan bilgiler "mucize" olamaz. 34 yıl önce hazırlanan bu yazı,1990 yılı 18 Şubat'ta TRT televizyonunda yayımlanan bir programa değinmektedir. Program sonrasında hemen kaleme alınan yazı notlarım arasında kalmıştır. Programda, Gabon'dan tomruk satın alan bir firmanın, Türkiye'ye getirdiği tomruktan kaplamalık çıkarırken mucizevî bir yazı ile karşılaşıldığı söylenmekte ve ağaç kesitinde "Allah-Muhammed" yazısı Arapça olarak okunmaktadır. Aynı programda bir bilim adamı da konuya açıklık getirmektedir. (2022)

O Modelo Núvem propõe uma alternativa ao modelo padrão de compreensão do universo, inspirando-se em dinâmicas observáveis na natureza, como a formação e transformação das nuvens. O livro explora a ideia de que o universo se expande e evolui de maneira disforme, caótica e influenciada por forças internas e externas, oferecendo uma metáfora acessível para interpretar a complexidade cósmica e a relação humana com ela.

O Modelo Núvem propõe uma alternativa ao modelo padrão de compreensão do universo, inspirando-se em dinâmicas observáveis na natureza, como a formação e transformação das nuvens. O livro explora a ideia de que o universo se expande e evolui de maneira disforme, caótica e influenciada por forças internas e externas, oferecendo uma metáfora acessível para interpretar a complexidade cósmica e a relação humana com ela.

Do images provide a foundation for interstellar communication that is relatively unam- biguous? Is there something special about images that makes them a universal medium of communication, likely to be understood with little difficulty by extraterrestrial intelli- gences sufficiently advanced that they attempt to contact us via, say, radio or laser? This is the question we address in this chapter. It is natural to suppose pretheoretically that images are a particularly easy medium of communication, one that requires little if any interpretation. Our own subjective experience when we view images is that the process of seeing is usually effortless and almost instantaneous. Moreover, if we wish to create road signs that can be understood by drivers of different native languages, we use pic- tures rather than words, and the pictures are so effective that we trust them to guide the actions of drivers even in cases where a misinterpretation of a sign could have serious consequences. Since...

Every one of us are formers of consciousness, we are forgers of alternatives, and we look to those who can emancipate themselves from the bodily. We will be able to advance towards Asgardia.

What does it mean in philosophical terms to emancipate oneself from the corporeal? To base the experiences in terms of cosmic philosophy, as we will see later in the analysis of the text.

So, we are the sowers of a new era where we encourage coexistence in terms where we look at space as the house of the future. For the Nordics of Asgard it is the residence of the gods, for each Asgardian it is the piloted ark to establish a fresh look towards the protection of the territory that we know as Earth.

Now, who came to the sumptuous hall of Asgard? According to the Nordics, those who had fought for their ideals and all those who did not give up on moving forward. Those who gave their lives for what they believed in.

Here there is a slight change. We are not fighters with weapons and fire, we are creators of ideas, and we fight and give our lives, that is, our time and space, in what we committed ourselves to. Even when many have mocked and others have remained incredulous.

Questão de Fermi, mais conhecida como "Paradoxo de Fermi", analisa o paradoxo aparente seguinte: "Se existem muitas civilizações tecnológicas alienígenas na Via Láctea e no Universo, por que não descobrimos sinais ou vestígios de nenhuma delas.

Carl Sagan fue un astrónomo, astrofísico, cosmólogo, autor y divulgador científico estadounidense, conocido por su capacidad para explicar conceptos científicos complejos al público en general. Fue una de las personas más prolíficas del siglo XX. Sagan es conocido por sus contribuciones a la ciencia, sus célebres obras de ficción y su exitoso programa de televisión, Cosmos. Menos conocido es el hecho de que fue un consumidor de cannabis y creía que la planta era una fuerza positiva para la humanidad. Aunque se vio obligado a mantener sus opiniones en privado por temor a repercusiones legales y vocacionales, existen evidencias recopiladas a lo largo de su vida.

An important priority for the coming decades will be to face up to the possibility that as an intelligent life-form on Earth capable of wreaking untold damage to our biosphere, we may not be alone. The possible presence of intelligent alien life in our cosmic vicinity should be faced with honesty, fortitude, as well as creativity. Recent testimony presented at a US Congressional hearing will be all too easy to dismiss as delusions or inventions, but caution needs to be exercised before such action is taken.

What would intelligent Extraterrestrials say about us humans? According to the Director of the European Institute for Migration and Social Inclusion IEM, Rodolfo Valentino, his verdict would be devastating, because the image that "The United Planets of Humanoid Galaxies" receive from us is cruel and negative. In his opinion, we are still in the "homo mediocris" phase. There are some that have developed, but compared to the widespread ignorance, stupidity, mediocrity, social incompetence, barbarism, cruelty and actual self-destructive potential of most humans, they claim they can do nothing for us. But they speak of hope and a new opportunity that the “Great Council” gives us. Because the number of people who have genetically and psychologically developed in their direction is increasing. But unfortunately they are not in power, their work is hindered or they are “parked” by the majority, who remain in the “homo mediocris” stage. Here you have the second visit of our “Extraterrestrial Homo Sapiens”.

No presente trabalho apresentamos resenhas críticas dos livros/séries "A Escalada do Homem" de Jacob Bronowski e "Cosmos" de Carl Sagan. As resenhas foram realizadas capítulo/episódio a capítulo/episódio. Em certo sentido "Cosmos" pode ser visto como uma continuação de "A Escalada do Homem". Esperamos que o artigo seja utilizado pelos interessados como uma introdução e/ou leitura paralela complementar aos livros/séries em questão. Dessa forma, o leitor poderá ampliar o ganho advindo do contato com as obras-primas de Jacob Bronowski e Carl Sagan.

In this work we present critical reviews of the books/series "The Ascent of Man" by Jacob Bronowski and "Cosmos" by Carl Sagan. The reviews were carried out chapter/episode by chapter/episode. In a sense "Cosmos" can be seen as a continuation of "The Ascent of Man". We hope that the article will be used by those interested as an introduction and/or complementary parallel reading to the books/series in question. In this way, the reader will be able to increase the gain arising from the contact with the masterpieces of Jacob Bronowski and Carl Sagan.

Apresentamos a tradução comentada do famoso tratado de Arquimedes de Siracusa "O Contador de Areia". Arquimedes se propôs a determinar um limite superior para o número de grãos de areia que caberiam no 'Universo' de sua época. Ele usou duas definições de 'Universo': a definição comum e a definição de Aristarco de Samos. É justamente nesse tratado que temos a mais antiga alusão à proposta heliocêntrica de Aristarco. Arquimedes concluiu que a quantidade máxima de grãos de areia que caberia no 'Universo' seria, em notação moderna, 10 51 na definição comum e 10 63 na definição de Aristarco. Acreditamos que "O Contador de Areia" possa ser utilizado em aulas de Física, Matemática e/ou Astronomia, abordando: a visão de Universo na antiguidade, o procedimento de Arquimedes para a determinação experimental do diâmetro angular do Sol e a problemática da representação de números extremamente grandes antes da invenção dos algarismos indo-arábicos.

We present the commented translation of the famous treatise written by Archimedes of Syracuse "The Sand-Reckoner". Archimedes set out to determine an upper limit to the number of grains of sand that would fit in the 'Universe' of his time. He used two definitions of 'Universe': the common definition and the definition of Aristarchus of Samos. It is precisely in this treatise that we have the oldest allusion of the Aristarchus' heliocentric proposal. Archimedes concluded that the maximum number of grains of sand that could fit in the 'Universe' would be, in modern notation, 10 51 in the common definition and 10 63 in Aristarchus' definition. We believe that "The Sand-Reckoner" can be used in Physics, Mathematics and/or Astronomy classes, discussing: the Universe conception in antiquity, the Archimedes experimental procedure to determine the angular diameter of the Sun and the problem of representing extremely large numbers before the invention of the Indo-Arabic numeral system.

This essay explores the psychological freedom that emerges from the acceptance of death, arguing that it should not be seen as merely a one-sided freedom of death without the complementary freedom of life. While death is often met with dread and fear, it can foster a sense of authenticity and alignment with personal values. However, this realization must also emphasize the importance of life, as the goal of psychological well-being lies in living, not just acknowledging death. This balance allows us to live fully, prioritize meaningful experiences, and discard trivial concerns. By drawing on Carl Sagan's reflections on humanity's insignificance within the cosmos, this essay encourages empowered and responsible living that embraces both life and death.

In contemporary society, a substantial divide exists between the realms of "Science" and "Humanities." The growing divide has reached a level where reading Shakespearean literature and comprehending the Third law of Thermodynamics are viewed as functions isolated within different cognitive areas leading to an epistemic void, transforming the interaction between a 'Scientist' and a 'Philosopher' into a state of radio silence. This paper intends to study C.P Snow's (1905-1980)-an English novelist and physical chemist-observations in the light of contemporary academic landscapes, as discussed in his essay "The Two Cultures" from the prominent work The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution (1959), contending that such a divide remains a critical impediment to the holistic understanding of the world. To get a nuanced understanding of the chosen text, a reading of a few influential works such as The Third Culture (1999) by Gerald Feinberg and Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science and Humanism (2018) by Steven Pinker is undertaken. A comprehensive and detailed examination of "The Two Cultures", is conducted to emphasize the barriers between disciplines, specialisation silos, complexities in technological integration, ethical considerations, and the cultural impact of science. The paper proposes a paradigm shift in the discipline of humanities, arguing the necessity for scientific literacy while positing a fundamental reimagining of it, so it stays relevant for the coming generations. Thus, by fostering scientific fluency within the humanities and nurturing mutual respect and engagement, we can forge a richer intellectual ecosystem capable of solving the complex challenges of the 21st century/ age of artificial intelligence.

Ranger-III 26. Ranger-IV 27. Mariner-I 28. [Venera, 2MV-1 no.3] 29. Mariner-II 30. [Venera, 2MV-1 no.4] 31. [Venera, 2MV-2 no.1] 32. Ranger-V 33. [Mars, 2MV-4 no.3] 34. Mars-1 35. [Mars, 2MV-3 no.1] 1963 senesindeki seferler ……………………….. kişilerden oluşan ekibe teşekkür etmeyi borç bilirim. Onların elinde, bu kitabın müsveddesi büyümüş ve nihâi kitap formunu bulmuştur. J. Andrew Cooke, müsveddeyi, kelime be kelime okuyarak tashih etmiştir. Michele Ostovar, kitabın formatının tasarımında ve e-kitap versiyonunu tasarlamada, müthiş bir iş çıkarmışdır. Kristin Harley, kitabın fihristinin oluşturulmasında hassâsiyetle çalışarak bunu başarmıştır. Matbaa mütehassısı Tun Hla, kitabın matbu formlu geleneksel tipinde üretilmesini organize etmiştir. CSCC'nin üstlendiği bu yayın üretimini, Maxine Aldred, en yukarıdan teftiş etmiştir. Derin uzayın keşifinin ve tedkîkinin kronolojisinde, ehemmiyete hâiz bazı başlangıçlar hakkında: Mutlak başlangıçlar: Mutlak başlangıçlar: Derin Uzayı hedefleyen bir tedkik cihazının, rampadan yükseltilmesine yönelik ilk teşebbüs: ABD'nin, 1958 senesinin Ağustos ayının 17'sinde, Able 1 [Pioneer 0] adıyla gönderdiğidir. Derin uzayı hedefleyen tedkik cihazlarından, 'escape velocity' tâbir edilen, Arzküresi'nin cazibesinden kurtulmağa kâfî mikdarda süratlenerek, bir noktaya müteveccih hareketi kesb etmeyi başaran ilki:

Ranger-III 26. Ranger-IV 27. Mariner-I 28. [Venera, 2MV-1 no.3] 29. Mariner-II 30. [Venera, 2MV-1 no.4] 31. [Venera, 2MV-2 no.1] 32. Ranger-V 33. [Mars, 2MV-4 no.3] 34. Mars-1 35. [Mars, 2MV-3 no.1] 1963 senesindeki seferler ……………………….. kişilerden oluşan ekibe teşekkür etmeyi borç bilirim. Onların elinde, bu kitabın müsveddesi büyümüş ve nihâi kitap formunu bulmuştur. J. Andrew Cooke, müsveddeyi, kelime be kelime okuyarak tashih etmiştir. Michele Ostovar, kitabın formatının tasarımında ve e-kitap versiyonunu tasarlamada, müthiş bir iş çıkarmışdır. Kristin Harley, kitabın fihristinin oluşturulmasında hassâsiyetle çalışarak bunu başarmıştır. Matbaa mütehassısı Tun Hla, kitabın matbu formlu geleneksel tipinde üretilmesini organize etmiştir. CSCC'nin üstlendiği bu yayın üretimini, Maxine Aldred, en yukarıdan teftiş etmiştir. Derin uzayın keşifinin ve tedkîkinin kronolojisinde, ehemmiyete hâiz bazı başlangıçlar hakkında: Mutlak başlangıçlar: Mutlak başlangıçlar: Derin Uzayı hedefleyen bir tedkik cihazının, rampadan yükseltilmesine yönelik ilk teşebbüs: ABD'nin, 1958 senesinin Ağustos ayının 17'sinde, Able 1 [Pioneer 0] adıyla gönderdiğidir. Derin uzayı hedefleyen tedkik cihazlarından, 'escape velocity' tâbir edilen, Arzküresi'nin cazibesinden kurtulmağa kâfî mikdarda süratlenerek, bir noktaya müteveccih hareketi kesb etmeyi başaran ilki:

A área central do Município Curuçá, no Pará, possui um significativo número de lagos de forma circular, característico de crateras formadas por impacto de asteroides ou meteoritos. Analisando dados de passagens de cometas massivos  recentes, determinamos o ano provável de ocorrência desses impactos: 1927. Esses lagos/crateras são notórios pela sua grande quantidade e pequeno diâmetro, se comparados com impactos já ocorridos na Terra. O maior lago tem um diâmetro de 220 m e a rocha que a escavou 23 m. Esse lago tem grande semelhança com outro lago no Canadá, devido a impacto de asteroides o que sugere sua possível origem. Este trabalho faz uma recapitulação de ocorrências desse tipo de evento e a mecânica subjacente. Com as informações de diâmetro dos lagos e das rochas e usando a equação da energia cinética e a densidade estimada das rochas, foi gerada uma tabela com a estimativa da energia desses impactos, de onde concluímos que podem ter causado incêndios florestais e tremor de te...

Çağımızda gelişmişliğin bir ölçütü de halkın bilgi ve kültür düzeyidir. İleri ülkelerde bu düzeyi yükseltmek amacıyla basın yayın organlarıyla yayıncılığın el ele verdiğini görmekteyiz. Bilimsel konuları geniş yığınlara tanıtma, sevdirme ve onları aydınlatmada başta TV olmak üzere, kitle haberleşme araçları etkin bir rol oynamakta.

What would intelligent Extraterrestrials say about us humans? According to the Director of the European Institute for Migration and Social Inclusion IEM, Rodolfo Valentino, her/his verdict would be devastating, because the image that "The United Planets of Humanoid Galaxies" receive from us is cruel and negative. In his opinion, we are still in the "homo mediocris" phase.

What would intelligent Extraterrestrials say about us humans? According to the Director of the European Institute for Migration and Social Inclusion IEM, Rodolfo Valentino, his verdict would be devastating, because the image that "The United Planets of Humanoid Galaxies" receive from us is cruel and negative.