Big Data Strategy

Background and Challenges Our organization had been leveraging the Legacy Integration Platform for a number of years to handle various integration needs across different systems. However, several issues began to emerge as the digital landscape evolved, and our architecture faced increasing demands in terms of performance, scalability, and security. Key challenges included: 1. Lack of Logging and Monitoring: The existing WSO2 legacy platform lacked robust monitoring and logging capabilities, making it difficult to track API performance, identify issues, and address failures in real time.

Il recente caso di Stephen Thaler rappresenta una delle questioni più controverse nell’intersezione tra intelligenza artificiale (IA) e diritto della proprietà intellettuale.

La battaglia legale portata avanti da Thaler ha riacceso il dibattito su un interrogativo fondamentale: un'opera creata autonomamente da un’intelligenza artificiale può essere protetta dai diritti d’autore?

E, in caso affermativo, chi ne detiene la proprietà?

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into cybersecurity has significantly revolutionized the field, bolstering the detection, response, and mitigation of cyber threats. This piece delves into the current and future landscape of AI-powered cybersecurity, with a particular focus on the challenges and prospects that accompany these advancements. Traditional security systems are proving inadequate against increasingly sophisticated cyberattacks, prompting the incorporation of AI technologies capable of predictive modeling, anomaly detection, and automated responses. While generative AI offers valuable protective capabilities, it also exposes new vulnerabilities, compelling the establishment of robust, transparent, and ethically sound AI frameworks. Topics addressed include the evolution of cybersecurity defense mechanisms, from antiquated approaches to AI-augmented systems; the implementation of AI in identifying threats, responding to them, and managing vulnerabilities; as well as ethical and adversarial challenges posed by AI. This paper also explores upcoming trends, such as autonomous security systems and explainable AI (XAI), underscoring the importance of continuous research and development in addressing emerging threats and safeguarding the integrity and security of digital infrastructures. Our analysis emphasizes the pivotal role of AI in reshaping cybersecurity, while also highlighting the need for careful implementation and diligent oversight.

Data strategy is critical to the successful implementation of artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and metadata management across various industries. This paper explores how effective data strategies impact AI implementation, public health systems, emergency department (ED) data management, and the banking sector, with an emphasis on big data and metadata. In AI-centric applications, the emerging concept of data-centric AI (DCAI) emphasizes data quality and maintenance, shifting focus from model development to data optimization. In public health, metadata facilitates real-time data integration and interoperability, enabling faster response times and better outcomes. Emergency departments utilize metadata for patient care optimization, while banks implement both offensive and defensive data strategies to ensure compliance and enhance customer experiences. The role of big data and metadata is further explored, particularly in creating data governance frameworks that support AI-driven analytics. Despite its potential, implementing data strategies faces challenges, including data quality, privacy concerns, and regulatory compliance. Limitations such as resource constraints and the evolving nature of data governance highlight the need for continuous improvement in data strategies. This paper also provides an empirical review and research limitations, stressing the importance of refining data strategies to keep pace with technological advancements. In conclusion, robust data strategies are essential for harnessing the full potential of big data and AI, making them critical drivers of innovation and competitive advantage across multiple sectors.

The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has resulted in an unprecedented influx of heterogeneous data, posing significant challenges in terms of storage, processing, and analysis. This paper presents scalable data lake architecture, integrated with advanced deep learning techniques, to effectively manage and analyze large volumes of IoT data. The proposed methodology leverages Apache Hadoop for distributed storage, Apache Kafka for real-time data ingestion, and Apache Spark for data processing and model training. Deep learning models, including LSTM, CNN-LSTM hybrid, and GRU, were implemented to capture complex temporal and spatial patterns in IoT data. The CNN-LSTM hybrid model demonstrated superior performance with the lowest MAE and RMSE values, highlighting its effectiveness in predicting future sensor readings. This study underscores the advantages of integrating deep learning models within a scalable data lake frameworks and data strategy, offering significant improvements in predictive accuracy and scalability for IoT applications.

L'avvento dell'intelligenza artificiale (IA) ha rivoluzionato numerosi ambiti della nostra vita, dalla sanità all'istruzione, dai trasporti alla finanza. Tuttavia, l'integrazione di sistemi di IA nelle attività quotidiane ha sollevato nuove e complesse questioni in materia di responsabilità civile.

IT security incidents have evolved over the past few decades from isolated information system attacks to deliberate, focused and complex cyber dangers at even national, institutional or individual level. Digital technology's interconnectedness has many advantages, but it also creates a number of new risks that have broad ramifications. Even though the phrases are sometimes used synonymously, information security and cyber security are not the same. The transition from information security to cyber security was covered in this study, primarily as a paradigm shift in the defense against persistent threats. While it was sufficient to undertake basic defense against "common" attacks in the information security era, organizations now need to develop clever, creative, and effective controls to identify and stop sophisticated and emerging cyber-attacks. Cyber security initiatives should now involve the entire organization, including participation from all staff members, rather than just IT departments or designated persons. Cyber security should be strategically connected with corporate strategy, just as digital technologies are. We have carried out preliminary research on the level of maturity of security measures in Nigerian large firms that are associated with vital or significant national infrastructure. We concluded that while basic protection works well, there is still space for improvement when it comes to implementing more sophisticated controls and pursuing a shared goal of comprehensive cyber security governance.

Il lavoro descrive il testo del regolamento europeo sull'intelligenza artificiale, approvato il 21 maggio 2024. Sono poi analizzati i diversi approcci normativi sulla materia di Stati Uniti e Regno Unito, nonchè la disciplina in corso di approvazione proposta dal governo italiano.

Sono esaminate le ragioni del ritardo nella presentazione dell'accordo raggiunto in sede europea sull'IA. Viene valutato criticamente il ricorso ad una disciplina estesa, complessa e frutto di troppe mediazioni per regolamentare una tecnologia in continuo e imprevedibile sviluppo.

This study delves into the pivotal contributions made by credit and fraud analysts to the American financial landscape in the face of evolving credit and fraud threats. The analysis of trends in credit card complaints from 2011 to 2017 reveals notable patterns, with a substantial increase in consumer-reported issues during this period, peaking in 2016 but witnessing a significant decline in 2017, highlighting the dynamic nature of credit and fraud issues. Additionally, the geographical distribution of states with varying levels of experienced issues provides insights into regional disparities in credit card complaints, reflecting factors such as
credit card usage patterns, consumer protection regulations, and the presence of major financial institutions.
The channels adopted for lodging complaints offer valuable insights, with web-based channels dominating, emphasizing the importance of user-friendly online complaint submission systems. Regarding responses to complaints, an overwhelming majority (98.9%) received timely responses, highlighting the prioritization of customer concerns by banking institutions. The various status categories of complaints shed light on the outcomes of the complaint resolution process, with most complaints being closed with an explanation and a significant number closed
with monetary and non-monetary relief, demonstrating efforts to address customer grievances satisfactorily.
This research underscores the indispensable role of credit and fraud analysts in upholding economic stability and consumer protection and the dynamic nature of credit card complaints. Understanding these multifaceted responsibilities and trends is essential for policymakers,
financial institutions, and the broader public to appreciate their  significance in maintaining the financial system's resilience and trustworthiness.

Recent times have seen a disruptive advance in the use of automated decision-making processes operating
on the basis of algorithms, better known as artificial intelligence (AI). The positive effects of such technology, however, risk
being neutralized where the opacity of the aforementioned processes does not allow for the easy identification of the party to
whom the risk of harm or damage should be allocated. The problem arises in particular with regard to so-called strong Ais,
operating by means of algorithms. Strong AI functioning by means of cognitive-predictive algorithms, especially in machine-tomachine
relations, where human intervention is totally excluded. The work proposes to identify possible paths to arrive at an
appropriate legal framework with regard to the prejudicial consequences of the application/use of artificial intelligence in the
absence of an ad hoc regulation of liability for conduct arising from algorithms. The focus is on the analysis of the solutions that
already exist and are most suitable to regulate the case. Then the institutes of product liability, liability for dangerous activities
and liability for things in custody are addressed. Finally, the European proposal for a regulation that envisages liability based
on risk management will be scrutinized, highlighting the merits and distortions.

Understanding their financial impact on individual victims and entire states is paramount as cybercrimes continue to escalate in frequency and sophistication. The core research objective of this paper is to examine the pivotal role of data protection and privacy measures in mitigating financial losses from cybercrimes. By analyzing trends in cybercrime losses, investigating the types of cybercrimes most detrimental to financial security, and exploring the relationship between data protection strategies and failures, this research study aims to provide actionable insights for individuals, organizations, and policymakers. The findings of this research reveal the multifaceted dimensions of cybercrime landscape in the United States and how it affects the economy.

Alla ricerca di un punto di equilibrio tra autonomia istituzionale ed effettività del diritto per le forme di integrazione amministrativa nel settore digitale Anna Fiorentini * SOMMARIO: 1. Note introduttive di contesto e di contenuto.-2. Una visione d'insieme sulle norme europee nel settore digitale.-2.1. Le autorità indipendenti e il fenomeno di "agentificazione indotta".-2.2. I comitati e le forme di cooperazione amministrativa.-3. Il divario tra lettera e realtà: i bersagli mancati dal legislatore europeo.-3.1. I divergenti approcci delle autorità nazionali per la protezione dei dati personali.-3.2. Il ruolo marginale dell'EDPB e la sostanziale inoperatività dei meccanismi di cooperazione tra autorità di controllo.-4. Conclusioni e possibili traiettorie future.

Il lavoro fa il punto sul rapporto tra intelligenza artificiale e parlamenti con particolare riferimento al quadro europeo ed italiano. Si identificano le debolezze e i ritardi in un approccio complessivo, e si indicano alcune ipotesi di lavoro.

La proposta europea di Regolamento sull’intelligenza artificiale tenta di fornire un sistema di governance che risponda a differenti esigenze: una su tutte, la costruzione del futuro digitale dell’Unione che possa rendere quest’ultima capofila (e non fanalino di coda) nel delineare i tratti di un’interazione tra uomo e macchina rispettosa dei diritti fondamentali. La proposta di Regolamento rappresenta, dunque, l’avvio di un lungo percorso normativo per l’adozione di una prima iniziativa normativa delle istituzioni europee nel campo dell’intelligenza artificiale. Il presente contributo si pone l’obbiettivo di guardare al nuovo sistema giuridico proposto dalla Commissione in materia di intelligenza artificiale, offrendo uno sguardo critico su quegli aspetti, sebbene cruciali, lasciati ancora opachi dalla proposta, cercando di mettere a fuoco  la solamente parziale similitudine del Regolamento con il GDPR.

Big data is no more a jargon for the people, because it is ubiquitous now. It has become a business reality, though its challenges are too complex to be handled by the traditional systems. Big data management is a great challenge for the people and companies who deal with it. There are several new services emerging from the big data management. The emerging services are very much new. Their effective provisioning and marketing are very much different from the existing services. There are few solutions and technologies emerging for big data related problems and complexities. However, its marketing and business proliferation is still very much unknown. The marketing challenges are very much tough, and out of the present solution domain. In this work, we provide the emerging services in the big data management and their marketing challenges and options available in the present framework. Keywords-Big Data, big data management, marketing of big data services, marketing challenges of big data services.

| 149 D i r i t t o e n u o v e t e c n o l o g i e. R u b r i c a d i a g g i o r n a m e n t o d e l l ' O G I D DIRITTO E NUOVE TECNOLOGIE*1 Rubrica di aggiornamento dell'OGID. *1Contributo non sottoposto a referaggio ai sensi dell'art. 9, V co., del Regolamento per la classificazione delle riviste nelle aree non bibliometriche, approvato con Delibera del Consiglio Direttivo n. 42 del 20.02.2019. Questa rubrica di aggiornamento è curata dal Prof. Salvatore Orlando e dal Dott. Daniele Imbruglia nell'ambito delle attività dell'OGID, Osservatorio Giuridico sulle Innovazioni Digitali, costituito presso il Dipartimento di Diritto ed Economia delle Attività Produttive dell'Università di Roma "La Sapienza" (https://web.uniroma1.it/deap/ogid-jodi.deap@uniroma1.it). SOMMARIO: 1. La Comunicazione della Commissione europea COM(2020) 66 final "Una strategia europea per i dati"-2. I lavori del 12 maggio 2020 della Commissione giuridica (JURI) del Parlamento Europeo sulla regolazione della Intelligenza Artificiale: il Draft Report sugli aspetti etici-3. (segue): il Draft Report sulla responsabilità civile-4. (segue): il Draft Report sulla proprietà intellettuale-5. Le linee guida del EDPB sul consenso: chiarimenti su cookie wall e scorrimento dei siti web-6. Una nuova legge francese sui contenuti offensivi sul web-7. Il (primo) parere del Garante per la protezione dei dati personali sull'applicazione volta al tracciamento dei contagi da Covid-19-8. Stablecoin globali: prospettive regolamentari e rischi finanziari sotto la lente della BCE.

Le phénomène des Big Data s’est rapidement imposé comme un enjeu majeur au niveau mondial pour les organisations qui les collectent et les exploitent, mais il l’est tout autant pour les individus dont les traces numériques sont suivies, répertoriées, analysées et croisées que pour les institutions qui ont pour objectif de réguler les systèmes d’information et de protection de la vie privée. Le numéro 54 de la revue Communication & Organisation veut questionner les enjeux liés aux Big Data dans une perspective informationnelle et communicationnelle tout en tenant compte des ramifications managériales que sous-tend l’usage stratégique des données massives.
Cinq défis auxquels doivent faire face les professionnels de la communication en organisation sont évoqués dans ce numéro : la montée en compétences et la professionnalisation ; la pertinence stratégique ; la qualification et le traitement ; la confiance et la défiance ; et enfin, différents modèles de présence numérique.
Confronté aux données massives, comment le professionnel de la communication peut-il composer avec le paradoxe de la volatilité versus de la permanence de la présence numérique ? C’est ce que ce numéro questionne à travers les différents thèmes évoqués.

European Communication Monitor 2016 : 10 ans de recherche pan-européenne sur la communication stratégique Résumé L'équipe de recherche de l'étude pan-européenne European Communication Monitor (ECM) publie les résultats de la dixième édition de leurs questionnements sur les développements et les dynamiques de la communication stratégique dans 43 pays d'Europe. Aux thèmes récurrents de l'approche longitudinale s'ajoute une sélection de défis émergents. Ainsi retrouvons-nous dans l'étude 2016 l'analyse des « big data », des algorithmes en communication, des pratiques en communication propres au coaching et au conseil, de l'engagement des parties prenantes, des influenceurs actifs sur les réseaux sociaux, et des savoir, savoir-faire et savoir-être des professionnels de la communication. 2710 professionnels de la communication ont participé à l'étude. Les nombreuses comparaisons avec les résultats de l'ECM 2013 dénoncent la faible évolution du niveau de compétences moyen des professionnels de la communication à l'exception du niveau de la prévention et la gestion des crises sur les réseaux sociaux. Dans une optique de standards de la professionnalisation, les chercheurs ont d'une part créé le « comparative excellence framework » (CEF) qui vise à identifier les caractéristiques distinguant les professionnels et identifiant les pratiques d'excellence, et d'autre part le Global Communication Monitor, extension du European Communication Monitor afin de favoriser la professionnalisation de la fonction dans d'autres régions du globe. Summary The research team of the European Communication Monitor (ECM) publishes the results of the tenth edition of their Pan-European study on the developments and dynamics of strategic communication in 43 European countries. They added a selection of emerging challenges to the themes of the longitudinal approach. In the 2016 edition, they focused on the analysis of "big data", communication algorithms, communication practices specifically dealing with coaching and consulting, stakeholders engagement, active influencers on social networks, and the knowledge, skills and know-how of communication professionals. 2710 communication professionals participated in the study. The comparisons with the results of the ECM 2013 reveal a weak evolution of the average level of competences of the communication professionals with the exception of the level of the prevention and the management of crises on the social networks. Willing to support professionalisation standards, the researchers have created on the one hand the comparative excellence framework (CEF), which aims to identify the characteristics distinguishing professionals and identifying best practices, and on the other hand the Global Communication Monitor as an extension of the European Communication Monitor to promote the professionalisation of the communication function in other regions of the globe.