Autonomic Communication

The VICOM (Virtual Immersive COMmunications) project is a three-year project funded by the Italian Ministry of Instruction University and Research aiming at investigating innovative communication paradigms. The project represents a wide coordinated effort focused on integration of immersive and wireless technologies in view of the fourth generation of mobile communications. The main goal of the project consists of the design of a wideband system architecture for immersive services and of its validation through two distributed large test-beds. Starting from VICOM ongoing experiences some future challenges and objectives for the future situated and autonomic communications technologies are envisaged in the paper.

Voice over IP (VOIP) has strict Quality of Service (QoS) constraints and requires real-time packet delivery, which poses a major challenge to IP networks. The Cognitive Packet Network (CPN) has been designed as a QoS-driven protocol that addresses user-oriented QoS demands by adaptively routing packets based on online sensing and measurement. This paper presents our design, implementation and evaluation of a "Voice over CPN" system where an extension of the CPN routing algorithm has been developed to support the needs of voice packet delivery in the presence of other background traffic flows with the same or different QoS requirements.

To address the needs for future network services, existing network architecture should evolve significantly to provide a higher level of flexibility, resilience and quality of service. This challenge was also the one of computing which has found with " virtualization " a breakthrough approach to bring a high flexibility in existing computing architecture which makes today the success of cloud computing. The next obvious following step is therefore to " cloudify " the networks. We introduce the VNET project, which proposes to study some of the most complex network cloudification problems from a global point of view i.e at radio access networks and the core networks to the service hosting data centers. It will identify the challenges and address the problems related to the visualization of RAN (Radio Access Networks), the problems of service composition and dependability related to the deployment of SDN and NFV, and finally the design a NaaS platform with the assoc...

Autonomic communication in a computing system analyzes the individual system element as it is affected by and affects other elements. In the human-machine communication aspect, the autonomic system performs its services autonomously, adjusting the behavior of its services to suit what the user might request implicitly or explicitly. The pervasive multimodal multimedia computing system aims at realizing anytime, anywhere computing. Its autonomic communication includes the protocols that selects, on behalf of the user, the modalities and media devices that are appropriate to the given interaction context. The modalities are the modes of interaction (i.e. for data input and output) between the user and the computer while the media devices are the physical devices that are used to support the chosen modalities. The interaction context itself is the combined user, environment, and system contexts. In this paper, we present the autonomic communication protocols involved in the detection of interaction context and the multimodal computing system's corresponding adaptation. The heart of this paradigm's design is the machine learning's knowledge acquisition and the use of the layered virtual machine for definition and detection of interaction context.

The deployment of pervasive computing systems inevitably raises security concerns. The ability of such systems to synthesise partial information and react to situations without explicit user interaction, confirmation or consent means that issues of trust, safety and privacy become exceptionally important. We examine the general issues inherent in any pervasive computing system, focusing on the hazards that emerge from the interactions between different forms of context. We apply this analysis to one particular context-aware infrastructure, and use this to derive some important research topics for future investigation.

Limitations are found in the recent Internet because a lot of functions and protocols are patched to the original suite of layered protocols without considering global optimization. This reveals that end-to-end argument in the original Internet was neither sufficient for the current societal network and nor for a sustainable network of the future. In this position paper, we present design guidelines for a future network, which we call the New Generation Network, which provides the inclusion of diverse human requirements, reliable connection between the real-world and virtual network space, and promotion of social potentiality for human emergence. The guidelines consist of the crystal synthesis, the reality connection, and the sustainable & evolutional guidelines.

In this paper we describe ConStruct, a distributed, contextaggregation based service infrastructure which supports the development of context-aware applications. ConStruct operates by automatically generating and maintaining directed context-processing graphs which connect applications to the sources of data they require at a relevant level of abstraction. The infrastructure also supports the dynamic creation of context processing elements to bridge gaps between available and requested information. ConStruct provides a reliable, scalable infrastructure; focused on self-maintenance in order to alleviate developer workload. We describe the infrastructure design and implementation, the associated programming model, and our planned extensions to the infrastructure.

Wireless sensor networks have the capability to deliver the environmental data to the user. Among the significant data is the location of the node either in static or mobile. A number of network simulators were extensively reviewed specifically for the development of wireless sensor networks protocol. However, there is little work done in assessing the framework for localization simulation. This paper addresses the lack of the previous surveys by giving the guidelines for localization developer to select the suitable network simulator or programming language. It includes a comparative description on importance features in evaluating the localization algorithm. In addition, it discusses the general performance evaluation metric use for localization. Finally, it list several open issues which help in developing and analyzing the localization algorithm.

One of the internet’s new revolution is Internet of Things (IOT) due to this objects themselves can recognize one another, get intelligence, transfer information to each other about their own and their ability to access the information that has been combined by other things.. The basic design of the IPV6 was that only end devices are the one with high intelligence and network is used for delivery of packets simply. In present Internet it is observed that inefficiency is created in Internet Protocol (IP) networking due to the location based packet delivery. The inefficiency comes in the environment when more objects or devices are mobile and there is chance of existence of multiple copies. Device-to-Device networking in non-stationary communication, identification of device should not be done by its location but identifier (ID) is used.  Thing should be identified by its identifier (ID) rather than its location. In addition, the ID should provide compatibility with existing device ID...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a vision for interconnecting all of the world's "things"-from vehicles to diet scales, smart homes and electrical grids-through a common set of networking technologies. Realizing this vision using a host-to-host communication paradigm, such as that of the Internet Protocol (IP), is challenging in the context of highly heterogeneous, constrained devices that connect intermittently to one or more networks, often using multiple interfaces; communicate within various security regimes; and require both local and global communication capability. Using IP and similar protocols as the narrow waist of interoperability for IoT requires managing data exchange and security in terms that are largely orthogonal to application semantics, while simultaneously needing to minimize resource usage. This paper explores how Named Data Networking (NDN), a proposed future Internet architecture, addresses the root causes of these challenges and can help achieve the IoT vision in a more secure, straightforward, and innovationfriendly manner. NDN's data-centric communication model aligns network and application semantics, enabling developers to work with "things" and their data directly, and for IoT networks to be deployed and configured easily. To substantiate the high-level discussion, we give examples of ongoing design and implementation work in IoT over NDN and compare the architecture to wellknown existing protocols and frameworks. Finally, we discuss short-and long-term scenarios for employing NDN to enable the Internet of Things.

The events that took place on 11 September 2001 have brought to the forefront the unique challenges that occur during a crisis, which require effective sensing, communications and decision making with demanding time constraints in highly dynamic environments. Pervasive systems can address these requirements by providing decision support to rescuers and evacuees, guaranteeing communications and collecting information that is vital for planning and organising emergency operations. This workshop focuses on pervasive networked sensing and decision making, both wired and wireless, geared towards emergency management.

The development and deployment of interconnected networks is being increasingly limited by their complexity and the concomitant cost of managing the operational network. Autonomic Communication aims to reduce this cost, by migrating management intelligence towards the network elements and empowering operational support staff to specify what network behaviour in terms of goals and constraints. Towards this aim we propose a key infrastructural service that enables the efficient delivery of network operations knowledge to, and only to, nodes that have expressed an interest in that knowledge. This Knowledge Delivery Service mediates operational network knowledge in an open, ontological form, thereby promoting the graceful evolution of network management applications from contemporary to fully autonomic. To cope with the inevitable heterogeneity of knowledge across the population of network nodes, the service provides a level of semantic interoperability that will be transparent to the nodes providing and consuming knowledge. The Service will be based on content-based networking principles. This paper describes work towards supporting semantic interoperability in such a Knowledge Delivery Service.

The Flooding Zone Initialization Protocol (FZIP) was proposed as a mechanism to provide power efficient flooding for real-time multimedia data over Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). FZIP can initialize different FZ sizes with different performance levels (i.e. loss rate, latency, and overhead). Increasing the FZ size increases redundancy which in turn reduces packet loss but consumes extra power overhead. However, how to choose a suitable FZ size poses a tradeoff between packet loss rate and power efficiency under different network sizes, densities, and radio channel conditions. The static FZ size estimation under dynamic WSNs' conditions leads to unnecessary power overhead or fail to deliver good quality resulting in high packet loss rate. In this paper, we propose the Flooding Zone Control Protocol (FZCP) to overcome this problem. FZCP monitors the incoming multimedia packets to detect performance deterioration and change the FZ size (increase/decrease) accordingly. Simulation results show that FZCP enhances the flooding performance and delivers and maintains good quality of real-time multimedia sessions with low energy overhead.

The expected dramatic growth of connected things raises the issue of how to efficiently organize them, in order to monitor and manage functions and interactions. Information Centric Networking (ICN) is a communication paradigm that provides content-oriented functionality in the network and at the network level, including content routing, caching, multicast, mobility, data-centric security and a flexible namespace. Thus, it is a viable solution for supporting IoT services without requiring any centralized entity. In this work we introduce the Lightweight Named Object solution: a convenient way to represent physical IoT objects in a derived name space, exploiting ICN. We show that this abstraction can: i) increase the programming simplicity; ii) offer extended functionality, such as augmentation and upgrading, to cope with the "software erosion", and iii) implement a common interaction logic involving mutual function invocation. We present some proof-of-concept implementations of the proposed abstraction dealing with challenging IoT test cases; we also carry out a performance evaluation in a simulated network scenario.

The problem of efficient resource location is an important open issue in P2P systems. This paper introduces DANTE, a self-adapting P2P system that changes its peer links to form topologies where resources are located in an efficient manner via random walks. Additionally, this same self-adaptation capacity makes DANTE capable of reacting to events like changes in the system load or attacks on well-connected nodes by adjusting the topology to the new scenario. This adaptive behavior emerges as the global result of the individual work of nodes, without the intervention of any central entity or the need for global knowledge. Simulations show that this adaptation process makes the system scalable, resilient to attacks, and tolerant to a high transitivity of peers. Simulations are also used to compare this solution with other well-known self-adapting P2P system. From these results it can be concluded that the topologies achieved by DANTE offer better performance.

This paper presents some important directions in the use of ontologybased semantics in achieving the vision of Autonomic Communications. We examine the requirements of Autonomic Communication with a focus on the demanding needs of ubiquitous computing environments, with an emphasis on the requirements shared with Autonomic Computing. We observe that ontologies provide a strong mechanism for addressing the heterogeneity in user task requirements, managed resources, services and context. We then present two complimentary approaches that exploit ontology-based knowledge in support of autonomic communications: service-oriented models for policy engineering and dynamic semantic queries using content-based networks. The paper concludes with a discussion of the major research challenges such approaches raise.

Self-healing is one of the main challenges to growing autonomic pervasive computing. Fault detection and recovery are the main steps of self-healing. Due to the characteristics of pervasive computing the self-healing becomes difficult. In this paper, the challenges of self-healing have been addressed and an approach to develop a self-healing service for autonomic pervasive computing is presented. The self-healing service has been developed and integrated into the middleware named MARKS+ (Middleware Adaptability for Resource discovery, Knowledge usability, and Self-healing). The self-healing approach is being evaluated on a test bed of PDAs. An application is being developed by using the proposed service.

This paper presents some important directions in the use of ontologybased semantics in achieving the vision of Autonomic Communications. We examine the requirements of Autonomic Communication with a focus on the demanding needs of ubiquitous computing environments, with an emphasis on the requirements shared with Autonomic Computing. We observe that ontologies provide a strong mechanism for addressing the heterogeneity in user task requirements, managed resources, services and context. We then present two complimentary approaches that exploit ontology-based knowledge in support of autonomic communications: service-oriented models for policy engineering and dynamic semantic queries using content-based networks. The paper concludes with a discussion of the major research challenges such approaches raise.

Embedded Web servers are widely used today for IP-based element management. In this paper, we present a new management architecture that combines this technology with XML, DOM, and XPath to unify element management and network management. XML is used for both management information modeling and manager-agent communication. By taking advantage of modern Web technologies, the proposed architecture provides a method to develop management applications efficiently and to manage network devices effectively. We also explain how legacy SNMP agents are integrated into our proposed architecture.

The problem of efficient resource location is an important open issue in P2P systems. This paper introduces DANTE, a self-adapting P2P system that changes its peer links to form topologies where resources are located in an efficient manner via random walks. Additionally, this same self-adaptation capacity makes DANTE capable of reacting to events like changes in the system load or attacks on well-connected nodes by adjusting the topology to the new scenario. This adaptive behavior emerges as the global result of the individual work of nodes, without the intervention of any central entity or the need for global knowledge. Simulations show that this adaptation process makes the system scalable, resilient to attacks, and tolerant to a high transitivity of peers. Simulations are also used to compare this solution with other well-known self-adapting P2P system. From these results it can be concluded that the topologies achieved by DANTE offer better performance.

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) concept is one of the main features of Internet of Things (IoT). It promises to interconnect billions of devices in near future covering various domains. However, M2M suffers from a high vertical fragmentation of current M2M markets and lack of standards. To bridge this gap, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) released a set of specifications for a common M2M service platform. In this paper, we propose the open source OM2M project, an autonomic ETSI-compliant M2M service platform. OM2M provides a RESTful API to enhance interoperability. It proposes a modular architecture running on top of an OSGi layer, making it highly extensible via plugins. It enables multiple communication protocols binding, reuse of existing remote devices management mechanisms, and interworking with existing legacy devices. Addressing the M2M complexity issue, a new M2M service based on the autonomic computing paradigm and semantic models is defined to provide dynamic discovery and reconfiguration mechanisms.

This paper proposes an enumeration and a classification of the services or functionality needed in the autonomic middleware. This allows to propose a second time the foundation for a framework that will be able to generate different middleware implementing autonomic loop and adapted to areas with different constraints and different needs. An illustration in the field of "Machine to Machine" and more particularly of smart metering is given.

The conceptual architecture of autonomic communications requires a knowledge layer to facilitate effective, transparent and high level selfmanagement capabilities. This pervasive knowledge plane can utilise the behaviour of autonomic communication regimes to monitor and intervene at many differing levels of network granularity. This paper discusses autonomic computing and autonomic communication, before outlining the role of behavioural knowledge in autonomic networks. Some research issues, in particular the concept of dynamic context as a method to acquire knowledge dynamically that will help to facilitate a successful realisation of the knowledge plane are explored and discussed.

Autonomic communication in a computing system analyzes the individual system element as it is affected by and affects other elements. In the human-machine communication aspect, the autonomic system performs its services autonomously, adjusting the behavior of its services to suit what the user might request implicitly or explicitly. The pervasive multimodal multimedia computing system aims at realizing anytime, anywhere computing. Its autonomic communication includes the protocols that selects, on behalf of the user, the modalities and media devices that are appropriate to the given interaction context. The modalities are the modes of interaction (i.e. for data input and output) between the user and the computer while the media devices are the physical devices that are used to support the chosen modalities. The interaction context itself is the combined user, environment, and system contexts. In this paper, we present the autonomic communication protocols involved in the detection of interaction context and the multimodal computing system's corresponding adaptation. The heart of this paradigm's design is the machine learning's knowledge acquisition and the use of the layered virtual machine for definition and detection of interaction context.

Distributed dataset synchronization, or Sync in short, plays the role of a transport service in the Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture. A number of NDN Sync protocols have been developed over the last decade. In this paper, we conduct a systematic examination of NDN Sync protocol designs, identify common design patterns, reveal insights behind different design approaches, and collect lessons learned over the years. We show that (i) each Sync protocol can be characterized by its design decisions on three basic components-dataset namespace representation, namespace encoding for sharing, and change notification mechanism, and (ii) two or three types of choices have been observed for each design component. Through analysis and experimental evaluation, we reveal how different design choices influence the latency, reliability, overhead, and security of dataset synchronization. We also discuss the relationship between transport and application naming, the implications of namespace encoding for Sync group scalability, and the fundamental reason behind the need for Sync Interest multicast. CCS CONCEPTS • Networks → Network protocol design; Transport protocols; Network design principles.

Previous literatures articulated that the NDN architecture may possess unique advantages in supporting battlefield communications [1], and that NDN can provide superior performance over TCP/IP under various scenarios, in particular in supporting multiparty distributed applications [2] by using a novel dataset synchronization protocol. In this paper we first describe the designs of dataset synchronization protocols (Sync in short), in particular ChronoSync and PSync, that run over NDN to support multiparty applications, and summarize the lessons from their designs. We then perform a preliminary suitability assessment of the existing Sync protocols in ad hoc mobile environments with intermitted connectivity. Our assessment suggests that Sync protocols based on state vectors can operate most resiliently under highly dynamic conditions, and identifies remaining issues for further investigation.

A design methodology for multimodal-controlled application has been developed using Wizard-of-Oz simulations as the principal mechanism for evaluating and getting input for dialogue design. This methodology may enable multimodal application developers to support dialogues that are optimal with respect to naturalness, especially on a pragmatic level, given the technical restrictions.

Autonomic communication in a computing system analyzes the individual system element as it is affected by and affects other elements. In the human-machine communication aspect, the autonomic system performs its services autonomously, adjusting the behavior of its services to suit what the user might request implicitly or explicitly. The pervasive multimodal multimedia computing system aims at realizing anytime, anywhere computing. Its autonomic communication includes the protocols that selects, on behalf of the user, the modalities and media devices that are appropriate to the given interaction context. The modalities are the modes of interaction (i.e. for data input and output) between the user and the computer while the media devices are the physical devices that are used to support the chosen modalities. The interaction context itself is the combined user, environment, and system contexts. In this paper, we present the autonomic communication protocols involved in the detection of interaction context and the multimodal computing system's corresponding adaptation. The heart of this paradigm's design is the machine learning's knowledge acquisition and the use of the layered virtual machine for definition and detection of interaction context.

IP networks are now well established. However, control, management and optimization schemes are provided in a static and basic way. Network control and management schemes using an autonomy based technology offer a new way to master quality of service, security and mobility management. This new paradigm allows a dynamic and intelligent control of the equipment in a local manner, a global network control in a cooperative manner, a more powerful network management, and a better guaranty of all vital functionalities like end to end quality of service and security. In this paper, we provide a way to implement such a paradigm through the use of the agent and multi agent concept. A testbed of an architecture based on autonomous network equipment has been developed. This autonomous architecture is able to optimize the quality of service through the networks.

dara rossman regaignon and pamela bromley pomona college in their introduction to the special issue of ATD: Across the Disciplines on "Writing Fellows as Agents of Change," Brad Hughes and Emily B. Hall point out that "[s]ince the early 1980s, Writing Fellows programs have influenced how writing is learned, taught, and practiced across the disciplines." Such programs-which go by many different namestypically link peer writing tutors to specific discipline-based courses, often formally designated writing-intensive. Although the arrangements of different programs vary, Margot Soven describes the most common structure is one in which these peer tutors "read the drafts of all the students in the course" to which they are attached and "give both written and oral feedback, usually meeting with their students after having read the drafts" ("WAC" 204; see also Haring-Smith 124-25). Harriet Sheridan and Tori Haring-Smith are typically credited with having developed this approach to writing across the curriculum (WAC) in the late 1970s and early 1980s at Carleton College and Brown University (see Russell 283; Soven, "WAC" 201-5). As the special issue of ATD attests, this approach to WAC has been the subject of renewed interest and attention in the last decade; in her essay in WAC for the New Millennium, Margot Soven argues that such peer tutoring approaches have become "the new mainstay of many WAC programs" ("WAC" 200; see also Spigelman and Grobman 5). At the same time-from both outside and within the field of writing studies-there have been calls to support statements about what helps students learn to write with hard data. Following upon Richard Haswell's "NCTE/CCCC's Recent War on Scholarship," Chris Anson called upon writing program administrators of all types to undertake the kinds of research that would help move conversations about writing and writing instruction "from belief to evidence, from felt sense to investigation and inquiry" (12). For writing fellows programs, this charge leads us to a deceptively simple question: Does working with writing fellows-that is, being required to draft and revise multiple papers in light of feedback from trained peer tutors-help students improve as writers over the

Self-healing is one of the main challenges to growing autonomic pervasive computing. Fault detection and recovery are the main steps of self-healing. Due to the characteristics of pervasive computing the self-healing becomes difficult. In this paper, the challenges of self-healing have been addressed and an approach to develop a self-healing service for autonomic pervasive computing is presented. The self-healing service has been developed and integrated into the middleware named MARKS+ (Middleware Adaptability for Resource discovery, Knowledge usability, and Self-healing). The self-healing approach is being evaluated on a test bed of PDAs. An application is being developed by using the proposed service.

Federated learning (FL) is gaining momentum as a prominent solution to perform training procedures without the need to move sensitive end-user data to a centralized third party server. In FL, models are locally trained at distributed enddevices, acting as clients, and only model updates are transferred from the clients to the aggregator, which is in charge of global model aggregation. Although FL can ensure better privacy preservation than centralized machine learning (ML), it exhibits still some concerns. First, clients need to be properly discovered and selected to ensure that highly accurate models are built. Second, huge models may still require to be exchanged from the aggregator to all the selected clients, incurring a not negligible network footprint. To tackle such issues, in this paper, we propose a framework built upon in-network caching, multicast and namebased data delivery, natively provided by the Named Data Networking (NDN) paradigm, in order to support client discovery and aggregator-clients data exchange. Benefits of the proposal are showcased when compared to a conventional application-layer solution.

The rapid growth and development of the internet over last few decades have proven that it is difficult to integrate new functionality in order to fulfill the demands of new applications and the capabilities of new transport technologies; more specially the core mechanisms (TCP/IP) which are hard to change. This is what provoked this study which analyzed the current architecture and performance of the internet with emphasis on Domain Name System (DNS), routing system vulnerabilities and architectural complexity that have impacted on the performance of the Internet. The scholars have therefore proposed a serviceoriented internet architecture which eliminates the limitation of the existing system.

In recent years, the use of wireless sensor network invade various areas (domotic/home automation fields, medical, industrial ...), which sets up several applications such as control of energy consumption in the habitat, home entertainment system, security system of the intelligent home, health care, ... Each application employed its own platform what restore the system very complex. For thus and in this paper, we proposed only one platform for all applications, that’s qualified to generate endless tasks. It covers many commands developed with a generic remote control interface created by C# language. This generic interface is very adaptable & adjusts oneself to TinyOS operating system requirements and able to be accessed via Internet using 6LoWPAN protocol. Validate the proper operation of this generic platform multi-tasking is approved on several levels: at the implementation of a proposed solution to control energy consumption in the smart home which the suggested solution is bas...

The conceptual architecture of autonomic communications requires a knowledge layer to offer effective, transparent and high level selfmanagement capabilities. This knowledge plane can utilise the behaviour of autonomic communication regimes to monitor and intervene at many differing levels of network granularity. This paper introduces autonomic computing and autonomic communication, before outlining the role of knowledge in autonomic networks. Some research issues, in particular the concept of dynamic context as a method to acquire knowledge dynamically that helps to facilitate a successful realisation of the knowledge plane are explored and discussed.

Previously when wireless networking did not exist yet, people were awaiting wireless technologies with eagerness. Now 802.11n technology makes it a reality. Before 802.11n intermediate technologies were devised and people have had a good feel of how wireless technology operates. With this situation, several questions crop up: i. Are wireless technologies so suitable? ii. Are wireless technologies we have yet, suitable for ubiquitous computing to be widely deployed? iii. Does it mean that wired technologies have become useless? Do wired technologies have any place in this new era of computing? iv. Have the wireless and ubiquitous technologies become dependable for people as customers to adopt them as compared to dependability of wired technologies? This paper attempts to find the features required to make the ultimate aim of ubiquitous computing become dependable and reliable.

Computers support more and more daily activities for common users, and users increasingly take their activities to different locations. Rather than being bound to a specific device, users would like to take full advantage of the computer systems accessible to them, much like they take advantage of the furniture in each physical space. However, user attention takes a heavy toll when scaling the use of computers to tasks that are constantly interrupted and resumed, and that span many locations and long periods. In this report we describe an infrastructure that provides users with easy access to their tasks as a logical unit, across multiple devices, and over time spans of years. The infrastructure handles platform and application heterogeneity, as well as dynamic adaptation to resource variations. We validate that the infrastructure's overhead is small compared to normal application startup, and that the approach scales.

Computers support more and more daily activities for common users, and users increasingly take their activities to different locations. Rather than being bound to a specific device, users would like to take full advantage of the computer systems accessible to them, much like they take advantage of the furniture in each physical space. However, user attention takes a heavy toll when scaling the use of computers to tasks that are constantly interrupted and resumed, and that span many locations and long periods. In this report we describe an infrastructure that provides users with easy access to their tasks as a logical unit, across multiple devices, and over time spans of years. The infrastructure handles platform and application heterogeneity, as well as dynamic adaptation to resource variations. We validate that the infrastructure's overhead is small compared to normal application startup, and that the approach scales.

Semantic similarity measures usage is prevalent in pervasive computing with the following aims: 1) to compare the components of an application; 2) to recommend and rank services by degree of relevance; 3) to identify services by matching the description of a query with the available services; 5) to compare the current context with already known contexts. The existing works that apply semantic similarity measures to pervasive computing focus on one particular issue. Furthermore, surveys in this domain are limited to the recommendation or discovery of context-aware services. In this article, we therefore present a survey of context-aware semantic similarity measures used in various areas of pervasive computing.

Nowadays, research initiatives to redesign the Internet are popping up around the world. Each of these projects has a particular focus and its own set of design requirements and key technologies. The panorama shows a wide diversity of pre-requirements and arguments, some very specific and superficial, others more general and deep. Despite this diversity, a conceptual-driven analysis of such scenario could reveal the current state-of-the-art on future Internet research, the common aspects that permeate all initiatives, and the open issues to be addressed in future work. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the contemporary research from an abstract point of view, covering the design requirements and ingredients that are being adopted, interrelating, and analyzing them.