Atlantic Forest

This article aims to analyze the building of the image of Tijuca National Forest after the 19th-century reforestation endeavor, in which vitality and desolation coexist. It will present the Forest as a thematic recurrence in the iconography and literature of the 19th century, focusing on the retrospective views of two distinguished figures: Army Major Archer (1821-1907), the foremost administrator of the Forest, who wrote an extensive Report of the reforestation work carried out in the Tijuca National Forest, from January 1890 to December 1891, and the writer Alfredo de Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay, who published the text “The Tijuca Forest” in his book Viagens de Outrora (Travels of the Past) in 1885. These two retrospective gazes will help us understand how art, ecology, and politics merged to form the diversity of Tijuca Forest’s images, combining the praise of exuberance and the fear of destruction. These narratives underscore the urgent ecological importance of the Tijuca Forest, a theme that resonates with the current global concerns about deforestation and environmental preservation.

Recebido em 11/12/06; aceito em 6/9/07; publicado na web em 10/3/08 The essential oils from leaves of four Cryptocarya spp endemic in the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest were obtained by hydrodistillation and shown by GC-MS analysis to contain mono and sesquiterpenes. The major components of the oil of Cryptocarya moschata were linalool (34.3%), α-terpinene (17.0%), γ-terpinene (10.4%), 1,8-cineole (5.8%) and trans-ocimene (4.8%), whilst those of C. botelhensis were α-pinene (22.7%), β-pinene (9.2%), trans-verbenol (8.4%), trans-pinocarveol (5.5%) and myrtenal (5.4%). The principal compounds of C. mandioccana oil were β-caryophyllene (13.8%), spathulenol (10.2%), caryophyllene oxide (7.8%), δ-cadinene (6.9%) and bicyclogermacrene (6.4%), whilst those of C. saligna were germacrene D (15.5%), bicyclogermacrene (13.8%), spathulenol (11.8%) and germacrene B (5.7%).

O Quadrilatero Ferrifero, extremo sul da Serra do Espinhaco em Minas Gerais, possui relevância para a conservacao de anfibios, em funcao de elevados diversidade e endemismo. Apresenta-se o registro da ra Leptodactylus cupreus no Quadrilatero, especie endemica da Mata Atlântica e ate entao conhecida na Serra do Brigadeiro em Minas Gerais e algumas localidades no Espirito Santo e Bahia. Um exemplar de L. cupreus foi coletado em remanescente florestal na Fazenda Patrimonio, Municipio de Mariana, na borda leste do Quadrilatero. Este registro e o primeiro da especie no Espinhaco e o segundo em Minas Gerais, evidenciando-se que ainda ha lacunas de conhecimento sobre a composicao faunistica de anfibios na regiao.

The snake Dipsas albifrons (Sauvage, 1884) is endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, occurring from southern state of Bahia to the state of Santa Catarina. Disjunct populations are known, with a previous record for the state of Minas Gerais. New records are presented for Minas Gerais, with areas of the geographic distribution of D. albifrons occurring in the mountain complexes of the Planalto Meridional (Southern Plateau) of the Serra do Espinhaco and the Quadrilatero Ferrifero (Iron Quadralangle), as well as Vale do Rio Doce in the eastern part of the state. Data of pholidosis and morphometry of the specimens analyzed from Minas Gerais are presented.

The genus Adelophryne is composed of small frogs distributed discontinuously through in South America. The identity of its southernmost populations in the Atlantic Forest biome (Brazil) has been studied only recently, and the identification of some populations in Minas Gerais State remain uncertain, despite suggestions that they might be A. meridionalis . Using field samplings and specimens in amphibians collection, we analyzed 100 specimens of Adelophryne from three Atlantic Forest regions of Minas Gerais and from the type-locality region. All specimens were identified as A. glandulata because they had the main diagnostic characteristics of the species external morphology. Adelophryne glandulata is previously known only from Santa Teresa, Espirito Santo, and here we present another 17 records localities within the disjunct area of occurrence of this species: Piracicaba River and Gualaxo do Norte River region in Mariana and Ouro Preto, Quadrilatero Ferrifero region (MG); central mou...

4 Resumo: Os primatas da infraordem Platyrrhini são divididos em quatro famílias, dentre elas a Pitheciidae. Um gênero bastante representativo nesta família é Callicebus, com 29 espécies reconhecidas, sendo que 22 ocorrem no Brasil e apenas uma destas, Callicebus pallescens, ocorre na região do Pantanal. Esta espécie, conhecida popularmente na região como boca-d'água, é encontrada nas regiões não inundáveis da borda oeste do Pantanal, especialmente no Maciço do Urucum, Morrarias do Castelo e de Santa Teresa, além da Serra do Amolar. Dados existentes para Callicebus no Pantanal foram coletados utilizando métodos limitados. Este trabalho buscou estimar a densidade e o tamanho dos grupos de Callicebus cf pallescens, na fazenda Santa Teresa, localizada na Morraria de Santa Teresa e baía Vermelha, Corumbá, MS. Para estimar a densidade dos grupos foram utilizados sete transectos lineares percorridos de duas a cinco vezes em dias diferentes. Foi empregado o método de amostragem de dist...

The endemic Brazilian Enyalius encompasses a diverse group of forest lizards with most species restricted to the Atlantic Forest (AF). Their taxonomy is problematic due to extensive variation in color pattern and external morphology. We present the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus based on 2102 bp of the mtDNA (cyt-b, ND4, and 16S) and nuclear (c-mos) regions, uncovering all previously admitted taxa (9 spp). Different methods of tree reconstruction were explored with Urostrophus vautieri, Anisolepis grilli and A. longicauda as outgroups. The monophyly of Enyalius and its split into two deeply divergent clades (late Oligocene and early Miocene) is strongly supported. Clade A assembles most lineages restricted to south and southeastern Brazil, and within it Enyalius brasiliensis is polyphyletic; herein full species status of E. brasiliensis and E. boulengeri is resurrected. Clade B unites the Amazonian E. leechii as sister-group to a major clade containing E. bilineatus as sister-group to all remaining species from northeastern Brazil. We detected unrecognized diversity in several populations suggesting putative species. Biogeographical analyses indicate that Enyalius keeps fidelity to shadowed forests, with few cases of dispersal into open regions. Ancient dispersal into the Amazon from an AF ancestor may have occurred through northeastern Brazil.

A new Crossodactylodes is described from Serra das Lontras, in the highlands of the Atlantic Forests of southern Bahia. The new species can be distinguished from all other Crossodactylodes by having Finger I ending in an acute tip, a larger body size, by cranial features, and by molecular data. Like their congeners, the new species live in bromeliads but is widely geographically disjunct, being apparently restricted to the summit of a mountain range in Northeastern Brazil.

Several aspects of the biology of Cycloramphus species of the Atlantic Forest are still poorly known, which makes it difficult to understand their historical relationships. Therefore, we were stimulated to promote a comparative cytogenetic analysis of several species of the genus Cycloramphus. The study of Cycloramphus acangatan, C. boraceiensis, C. brasiliensis, C. carvalhoi, C. eleutherodactylus, C. fuliginosus, C. lutzorum, and C. rhyakonastes, revealed that these eight species share a diploid number 2n = 26. Cycloramphus fuliginosus presented the most distinct karyotype, due to the presence of subtelocentric chromosomes in pairs 1 and 4. The main diagnostic feature observed in the other species was the presence of one pair of telocentric chromosomes in C. boraceiensis, C. carvalhoi, and C. eleutherodactylus, while the remaining species presented karyotypes composed exclusively of biarmed chromosomes. Constitutive heterochromatin was predominantly located in pericentromeric regions in all species,

O carvão Brasil uma matriz energética fundamental desde a colonização portuguesa, sendo amplamente utilizado na economia do açúcar e do café. Contribuiu para a construção de centros urbanos com a cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Na Mata Atlântica, a produção de carvão ocorria a partir do corte da vegetação nativa e queima lenta em fornos em formato de balão posicionados em platôs escavados nas encostas dos morros. O carvão foi amplamente utilizado até o início do século XX e após esse período, as áreas produtoras foram abandonadas, o que acarretou no processo natural de regeneração florestal. Um desses locais está localizado em São Pedro da Serra, distrito do município de Nova Friburgo no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a estrutura da vegetação e regeneração florestal em área antiga de produção de carvão. A atividade carvoeira nesta região foi abandonada há aproximadamente 100 anos, e a agricultura de corte e queima predomina na região. Para avaliar a regeneração natural da floresta em um antigo paleoterritório carvoeiro, foi utilizada a metodologia de amostragem fitossociológica de Gentry, adaptada para o desenho amostral de uma carvoaria. Foi analisada uma área de 600 m 2 , onde foram amostrados 200 indivíduos, distribuídos em 31 espécies, 29 gêneros e 21 famílias. A espécie dominante é a Euterpe edulis Mart., representando 45,5% dos indivíduos amostrados. Registrou-se a presença de Casearia sylvestris Sw., essa é uma espécie adaptada a florestas alteradas. Os indivíduos apresentam altura entre 2,0 e 30,0 metros de altura e possuem o diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) entre 5,0 e 62,0 centímetros. Dentre as espécies com maior abundância estão: Euterpe edulis Mart. (90), Cupania oblongifolia Mart. (5) e Tachigali paratyensis (Vell.) H.C. Lima (5). As espécies estão distribuídas em pioneiras (9) e secundárias iniciais (10) e tardias (9). A floresta formada após o período da carvoaria apresenta indivíduos de grande porte e encontra-se em estágio médio de regeneração. Assim, a área anteriormente utilizada para a produção de carvão foi capaz de proporcionar um ambiente favorável para a regeneração natural, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de espécies pioneiras, secundárias iniciais e tardias com predomínio de uma espécie vulnerável quanto à ameaçada de extinção no território brasileiro. Esses resultados evidenciam a possibilidade de recuperação de áreas florestais perturbadas pelo fogo controlado ocorrido nos balões de carvão.

pesquisa sobre a atuação dos agentes locais em educação ambiental na bacia do Rio Piracicaba foi parte das investigações sobre a mobilização político-ambiental na região. Foram pesquisadas as duas classes de agentes analisadas nos estudos sobre mobilização político-ambiental: agentes econômicos e agentes ambientais. No caso da última classe de agentes, estendemos nossa pesquisa, antes restrita a instituições existentes nos espaços urbanos industrializados, a instituições que atuam nas áreas preservadas da região: Parque do Caraça e Parque Estadual do Rio Doce. O primeiro grupo de agentes a ser analisado são os agentes econômicos, aqui representados pelas quatro grandes indústrias investigadas em nossa pesquisa: a Acesita, a Cenibra, a Companhia Vale do Rio Doce e a Usiminas. A Belgo-Mineira, que tem um centro de educação ambiental em João Monlevade onde são desenvolvidas uma série de atividades na área, as quais não serão incluídas neste capítulo por não estarem disponíveis quando da realização da Pesquisa. Em linhas gerais, a concepção de educação ambiental que está por trás das diversas atividades e programas conduzidos pelas empresas estudadas tem como características principais: visão nãointegrada dos problemas ambientais e sociais; visão

Ethnobotanical studies record plant resources of a given community as well as ways of use and manage these resources by the same communities. Despite their importance, there are few published ethnobotanical studies about Angolan rural communities and their plant resources, thus there is the need to undertake such studies. The aim of the present study was to undertake an ethnobotanical survey of the cassava cultivate in the rural communities of Ebo, Cuanza Sul province. A sample size of 50 smallholder farmers was selected to answered to a questionnaire about the cassava species they cultivate, their farming practices and the end-use of the edible plant parts in addition to socioeconomic aspects. Farmers were visited in their houses and semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. The results indicated that cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most cultivated plant species, whereby up to 7 different local varieties are usually cultivated in less than 5 hect...

It was provide a hematological profile of Artibeus lituratus (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae). Animals were collected from October 2017 to February 2018 in an urban forest in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. Males and females showed similar overall mean values for the parameters analyzed. Males had higher values for erythrocytes (RBC), hematocrit and basophils. Females had higher levels of eosinophils than males. The hematological values reported here will serve as reference for future research on health conditions of free-living and captive populations of Artibeus lituratus, as well as for research on pathogens associated with these bats.O presente trabalho estabeleceu o perfil hematológico de morcegos frugívoros de vida livre, A. lituratus (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae). As amostragens foram realizadas de outubro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018 em uma floresta urbana na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Sudeste do Brasil. Machos e fêmeas apresentaram valores médios gerais ...

Editora Direitos para esta edição cedidos à Atena Editora pelos autores. Open access publication by Atena Editora Todo o conteúdo deste livro está licenciado sob uma Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons. Atribuição-Não-Comercial-NãoDerivativos 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores, inclusive não representam necessariamente a posição oficial da Atena Editora. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterála de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais. Todos os manuscritos foram previamente submetidos à avaliação cega pelos pares, membros do Conselho Editorial desta Editora, tendo sido aprovados para a publicação com base em critérios de neutralidade e imparcialidade acadêmica. A Atena Editora é comprometida em garantir a integridade editorial em todas as etapas do processo de publicação, evitando plágio, dados ou resultados fraudulentos e impedindo que interesses financeiros comprometam os padrões éticos da publicação. Situações suspeitas de má conduta científica serão investigadas sob o mais alto padrão de rigor acadêmico e ético.

A Trichilia pallida Swartz é uma Meliaceae clímax ombrófila da Mata Atlântica, tal como algumas árvores da família possui propriedades inseticidas para insetos mastigadores, o que a torna de interesse para uso silvicultural. Foram coletadas 40 plantas das populações da Fazenda Oito Pontas em Bofete, da Reserva de Santa Genebra em Campinas e da Reserva Ecológica de Caetetus em Gália, todas no Estado de São Paulo. Utilizaram-se 10 "primers" altamente polimórficos que produziram 72 marcadores dominantes, os quais foram utilizados para medir a diversidade gênica entre e dentro das populações. O polimorfismo dentro das populações variou de 90,3 a 97,2%, a média do número efetivo de alelos variou de 1,46 ± 0,33 a 1,57 ± 0,33, enquanto que a diversidade gênica média variou de 0,27 ± 0,18 a 0,33 ± 0,15. A heterozigosidade total (H T ) foi de 0,334 ± 0,02, enquanto que a diversidade gênica média dentro (H S ) foi de 0,292 ± 0,017 e obteve-se o valor 0,125 de divergência genética entre populações (G ST ). As populações de Bofete e Campinas têm a menor distância genética de Nei (0,049) e as suas distâncias com Gália foram de 0,118 e 0,107 respectivamente.

We compared the functional diversity of community at edge and interior areas of an Atlantic forest fragment to test the hypothesis that higher functional diversity exists along edges - in consonance with their higher abundance and floristic diversity as compared to the interior of the forest. By considering a set of vegetative, reproductive and phenological traits and ecosystem service aspects of edge and interior environments, we defined plant functional groups using Cluster Analysis, followed by a silhouette width analysis, together with functional diversity indices of richness, divergence, evenness and dispersion. The main functional groups formed were similar between the edges and interior. Functional richness was the only index that demonstrated differences between edge and the interior. Alterations were perceived in relation to species richness and the Shannon index. Edge effects were not significant in the formation of functional groups. In contrast to our original hypothesis...

To date, only two whip spider species have been recorded in China. We describe a new species, Sarax sinensis sp. nov., from Fujian, China. This species is morphologically similar to S. ioanniticus (Kritscher, 1959), S. israelensis (Miranda et al., 2016), and S. seychellarum (Kraepelin, 1898), but can be distinguished by the combination of the following characters: 35 segments in leg I tarsus, eight teeth on cheliceral claw, and four dorsal and ventral spines respectively on pedipalp femur. To examine the evolutionary history of S. sinensis sp. nov., we sequenced 12S, 16S, and COI gene regions of our specimens and inferred its phylogenetic position. The inferred phylogenetic trees placed the new species within Sarax, with its closest relative being distributed across the western Asia. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).

The present contribution addresses the phylogeny and biogeography of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986, the most species-rich in the arachnid order Amblypygi Thorell, 1883, based on morphology and multilocus DNA sequences, analysed simultaneously using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The morphological matrix comprises 138 characters, scored for four outgroup taxa and 103 ingroup terminals representing all genera and 64% of the species of Charinidae. The multilocus dataset comprises sequences from two nuclear and three mitochondrial gene loci for four outgroup taxa and 48 ingroup representing 30 (23%) taxa of Charinidae. Charinidae are monophyletic, with Weygoldtia Miranda et al., 2018 sister to a monophyletic group comprising Charinus Simon, 1892 and Sarax Simon, 1892, neither of which are reciprocally monophyletic. Charinidae diverged from other amblypygid families in the Late Carboniferous, c. 318 Mya, on the supercontinent Pangaea. Weygoldtia diverged from the common ancestor of Charinus and Sarax during the Late Permian, c. 257 Mya, when changes in climate reduced tropical forests. The divergence of Charinus and Sarax coincides with the fragmentation of Pangaea, c. 216 Mya. Sarax colonized SouthEast Asia via Australia. The charinid fauna of New Caledonia originated before the Oligocene, when the island separated from Australia, c. 80 Mya.

Parthenogenesis is documented in a few species of Amblypygi, but
it is unknown how widespread in the order this reproductive behaviour
is, and little has been researched regarding aspects of
embryonic and post-embryonic development in the group. Here,
we studied the parthenogenetic capacity of an Amazonian whip
spider (Charinus guto) evaluating the time of egg and embryonic
development and inter-moult period. We also provide a review on
embryonic and post-embryonic development in Amblypygi, compiling
and analysing data from 43 species in three families. Fifty-two
females and 42 juveniles of C. guto were collected in fragments of
a secondary forest in Belém (Brazil); specimens were kept in captivity
and observed weekly from 2018 to 2020. Nineteen specimens
were collected with and 32 without egg sacs. Fourteen of the nonovigerous
females developed eggs in captivity, six of them moulted
(i.e. lost stored sperm from previous contacts with males) before
developing an egg sac, proving to be parthenogenetic. The mean
time between the first day in captivity and moult was 96 days. In
both adults and juveniles, a mean of 147 days passed between
first day in captivity and first moult, and 125 days for a second
moult. After moulting, a mean of 113 days passed for the females to
develop an egg sac; the embryonic development took a mean of
59 days. Juveniles left the mother’s abdomen after 10 days of
hatching from the egg and the mean number of live free-living
protonymphs was five. Other amblypygids, especially charinids,
have similar embryonic development and post-embryonic growth
and a detailed discussion with all known information for whip
spiders is presented. We also demonstrate a positive correlation
between clutch size and female size across Amblypygi, in which
larger females carry more eggs and have larger offspring regardless
of climate and habitat.

The whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 is the most speciose and widely distributed in the arachnid order Amblypygi Thorell, 1883. It comprises three genera and 95 species distributed across all tropical continents and the eastern Mediterranean. Despite recent advances in the taxonomy of the family, a global revision of all its species, necessary to advance understanding of its systematics, biogeography and evolution, has never been conducted. In the present contribution, the family is revised in its entirety for the first time, including all previous names and 33 new species,

The Eastern Mediterranean amblypygid Charinus ioanniticus (Kritscher, 1959) is recorded from Jordan for the first time, which
represents the first record of an amblypygid for the country. This expands the known distribution of the order Amblypygi and of the
family Charinidae in the region.

This work presents new records and extends the geographic distribution of Heliconius sara apseudes in the Atlantic Forest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Five new records were taken along butterfly inventories carried out between 2005 and 2010 in distinct phytophysiognomies at Rio Grande do Sul northeast region: Swamp Forest, Atlantic Forest stricto sensu and Araucaria Moist Forest. The fact that all registers occurred in well preserved habitats of the Atlantic Forest emphasizes the need of conservation of this biome in Rio Grande do Sul. 

One of the commonest neotropical stingless bees is Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811), popularly known in Portuguese as jataí, which occurs in variable nesting sites from Mexico to Argentina. We used 18 primers to generate 218 RAPD markers which we used to determined the genetic distance between T. angustula populations from 25 localities in three different Latin America countries, using Tetragonisca weyrauchi from the Brazilian state of Acre and the common honey bee (Apis mellifera) as outgroups. Genetic distance, calculated as the Percentage of Dissimilarity (14%), based on all markers divided the T. angustula population into eastern (group 1) and western (group 2) groups. However, we were able to separate the two groups by using only two primers that have generated five specific molecular markers. The eastern group consists of T. angustula angustula which occurs from Panama to the Brazilian states of Maranhão and northern Minas Gerais and has spread through the Brazilian Atlantic Forest as far as the southern Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. Group 2 is made up of T. angustula fiebrigi which has a more southerly and western distribution, occurring only in the western Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul as well as the west of some other Brazilian states (Goiás,

Ecological connectivity depends on key elements within the landscape, which can support ecological fluxes, species richness and long-term viability of a biological community. Landscape planning requires clear aims and quantitative approaches to identify which key elements can reinforce the spatial coherence of protected areas design. We aim to explore the probability of the ecological connectivity of forest remnants and amphibian species distributions for current and future climate scenarios across the Central Corridor of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Integrating amphibian conservation, climate change and ecological corridors, we design a landscape ranking based on graph and circuit theories. To identify the sensitivity of connected areas to climate-dependent changes, we use the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate by means of simulations for 2080-2100, representing a moderated emission scenario within an optimistic context. Our findings indicate that more than 70% of forest connectivity loss by climate change may drastically reduce amphibian dispersal in this region. We show that high amphibian turnover rates tend to be greater in the northeastern edges of the corridor across ensembles of forecasts. Our spatial analysis reveals a general pattern of low-conductance areas in landscape surface, yet with some well-3 connected patches suggesting potential ecological corridors. Atlantic Forest reserves are expected to be less effective in a near future. For improved conservation outcomes, we recommend some landscape paths with low resistance values across space and time. We highlight the importance of maintaining forest remnants in the southern Bahia region by drafting a blueprint for functional biodiversity corridors.

Information on the breeding biology of most Neotropical birds, and interpopulation comparisons, are insufficient. The Helmeted Manakin, Antilophia galeata (Lichtenstein, 1823), is a forest understory passerine commonly found in the gallery forests of the tropical savanna-like Cerrado biome. We provide information about the nesting phenology, nesting cycle, nests, eggs, nestlings, and nest-site characteristics of a population of the Helmeted Manakin in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. During two breeding seasons we found 16 active, and 30 inactive nests. Breeding activities occurred from mid-August to mid-January, and nests were constructed in bushes and saplings in the forest's understory, 0.45-3.48 m above ground (1.56 ± 0.66 m). Clutch size was two eggs, which were laid in intervals of one to three days. Three remarkable patterns of interclutch egg color and marking variations were observed. The incubation period of two nests was 18 and 19 days, and nestling periods were 16.3 ± 0.6 days (16-17 days, n = 3 nests). The apparent nest survival of 11 thoroughly monitored nests was 36.4%. In addition to the first description of the interclutch egg pattern variations, the following information differs from previous literature data: egg laying interval and nestling periods. Our data contribute to the overall knowledge of the variations in breeding parameters of the Helmeted Manakin.

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species diversity and mycorrhizal inoculum potential were assessed in areas representative of stages of secondary succession in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Within each stage - pioneer, 'capoeirinha' and 'capoeirão'- four transects were established and three soil samples were taken along each transect. The plant community was dominated by Pteridium aquilinium in the pioneer stage, while Dodonaea viscosa and P. aquilinium were co-dominants in the 'capoeirinha' stage. In capoeirão, Miconia cinnamomifolia was dominant followed by Euterpe edulis. Total spore number per 100 g soil was significantly larger in the 'capoeirinha' stage than in the other stages, although the number of viable spores was similar among stages. Acaulosporaceae and Glomeraceae were the predominant families accounting for 83% of the total spores recovered. Of the 18 spore morphotypes, 10 were allocated to known species, with Acaulospora sp. a...

Vriesea baturitensis is described and illustrated as a new species. It is compared with V. friburgensis and V. rodigasiana, which we consider to be morphologically the most related species. The new taxon occurs in isolated Atlantic forest patches along the Baturité mountain range, in central-north Ceará state, Northeastern Brazil. It is characterized by the compact and regular rosette, a rounded leaf apex, stiff and erect peduncle, peduncle and primary bracts bright yellow, and the particular colors and sizes of the floral bracts and sepals. The humid habitat where the new species was found, known in Brazil as brejo de altitude, is surrounded by the Caatinga (Brazilian dry woodland) and due to its climatic conditions supports a rich flora of epiphytes. In Pico Alto we collected and photographed six different species of bromeliads, two of each being Guzmania and Vriesea, one of each being Aechmea and Racinaea. We conclude that the area of Pico Alto is an important remnant of humid fo...

Seventy juvenile individuals of Aparasphenodon brunoi were collected on the low parts of tree trunks in an Atlantic Forest remnant. Arthropods were the dominant prey found in their stomachs. Coleoptera (adult and larvae) was the most important prey regarding prey frequency, number, weight, and index of relative importance. Secondary preys included Hymenoptera that was important regarding number of prey and Hemiptera that was important regarding prey weight. Trophic ontogeny was detected. The diversity of prey suggests A. brunoi is an opportunistic sit-and-wait predator.

Anurans from an inselberg in southeastern Brazil were studied using a sample of sixty tank of bromeliads Alcantharea sp. We found 153 tadpoles of S. arduous, 21 adults of S. arduous, 30 adults of T. miliaris, and two adults of Scinax x-signatus, and two adults of Scinax x-signatus, and two adults of which were not considered in our analyses. Tadpoles of S. arduous were present in 35% of the analyzed plants. Adults of S. arduous (bromeligeneous) occurred in 25% of analyzed plants, while adults of T. miliaris (bromelicolous) occurred in 30%. Apparently the presence of toe pads in S. arduous allow them to occupy the center portion of bromeliads, while T. miliaris, which lack pads on their toes, were found on the base of the plant axils. The number of anuran species and the abundance of individuals found were low. This may be a result of the high altitude of our studied site or a restriction imposed by the saxicolous environment, such as high temperatures and low humidity during the day. Both species can be considered generalist feeders due to their wide variety of ingested prey. Formicidae was their main prey but was absent segregation in the bromeliads. Blattodea was very common inside the bromeliad axils and represented the most signifi cant prey by weight in both frog species. We conclude that both anurans forage inside and outside of bromeliads. Trophic niche breadth in S. arduous was larger than in T. miliaris. Even both species being common inhabitants of the same environment, they demonstrated a marked spatial segregation in the bromeliads. Based on their diet, however, there may be disputes for territory outside of the bromeliads.

Morcegos são conhecidos por sua importância na regulação dos ecossistemas e no seu envolvimento na polinização e na dispersão de sementes. Espécies de morcegos fitófagos como, por exemplo, Artibeus lituratus ocupam com frequência áreas alteradas ou até mesmo regiões urbanas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a dieta de A. lituratus no campus da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, um fragmento florestal com alta interferência antrópica. Foram realizadas quatro coletas mensais, entre outubro de 2012 e setembro de 2013, utilizando quatro redes de neblina por noite. Os animais foram identificados em campo e acondicionados em sacos de algodão por 30 minutos a fim de serem obtidas amostras de fezes para a análise de sua dieta. Foram coletados 86 indivíduos, que forneceram 42 amostras fecais. Os resultados indicam que a dieta de A. lituratus é composta principalmente por frutos de Cecropiaceae e Moraceae. A amplitude de nicho trófico foi maior nos meses de março, agosto e setembro de 2...

But mere memories, from childhood and teenage years bring back the dream of paradise. I believe that the mountains, and especially Guaramiranga are still the privileged resort for urban summer vacationers. It couldn't have grown much, because its main wealth, coffee, has declined (...) But the soul of the mountains, the smell of the mountains, the water of the mountains, the applecheeked children, all of this will go on like it always has. One of these days, I´m going to check it out."

This study was developed aiming to compile data concerning the occurrence and distribution of social wasp species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, as well as recording exclusive and rare species. For this purpose, we compiled studies from the specialized literature and created a table containing the species occurrence in the different states which present the phytogeographic domain. A total of 170 species was recorded, corresponding to almost a half of the richness of social wasps in Brazil, including 50 endemic, with highlight to Rio de Janeiro state, which nevertheless is insufficiently sampled. This way, from this work, it is concluded that Brazilian Atlantic Forest must be seen as an important refuge for Polistinae.

Resumo O Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio e a maior Unidade de Conservacao do sul de Minas Gerais, com areas de Mata Atlântica, floresta de Araucaria e Campos de Altitude. Apesar da importância biologica da area, muitos taxons nao foram estudados, como as vespas sociais, insetos que pertencem a ordem Hymenoptera, familia Vespidae, e que desempenham importante papel ecologico em diferentes ecossistemas. O estudo foi conduzido nessa Unidade de Conservacao em altitudes entre 1600 a 2200 metros, no periodo de julho de 2013 a abril de 2014, com vinte dias de amostragem, utilizando busca ativa e armadilhas atrativas para coleta das especies. Foram registradas 23 especies de vespas sociais distribuidas em sete generos. Numero menor em relacao a outros estudos do estado, o que provavelmente foi ocasionado pela elevada altitude. Houve uma predominância de ninhos com involucro protetor e a especie mais frequente foi Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure, 1854, o que pode ser explicado pela mel...

The Lagoa Santa region, located in central Brazil, is rich in fossils and hosts important archaeological and paleontological sites, such as Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu. This site has been archaeologically studied, but the analysis of the archaeofauna remains preliminary. The present study reports a well-preserved specimen of Chrotopterus auritus, found in deposits dated to the Late Holocene. The analyzed material consists of a fragmented mandible (with left and right teeth) and a left humerus, both belonging to the same individual. The species Chrotopterus auritus is found in humid tropical forests of Central and South America, including southern Brazil. It is one of the largest species of the Phyllostomidae family, with a predominantly carnivorous and insectivorous diet. The presence of this specimen at the Lapa Grande de Taquaraçu archaeological site has no direct connection with the human communities of the region, as no signs of human activity were identified on the bones. It is possible that the specimen inhabited the site after its abandonment by human populations

A fauna de Phyllostomidae do Rio Grande do Sul é pouco conhecida em seus mais diversos aspectos. trabalhou principalmente nos municípios de Taquara, São Lourenço, Camaquã e Porto Alegre, citando a presença de 17 espécies, das quais seis eram filostomídeos. Posteriormente, Lima (1926), Vieira ( , 1955) ) e Cabrera (1958) listaram diversas espécies de filostomídeos cuja distribuição inclui o Rio Grande do Sul. Voss (1973) publicou uma compilação das citações de quirópteros para o Estado, listando sete espécies de Phyllostomidae de um total de 24 espécies de quirópteros. Silva (1975) registrou, pela primeira vez, no Rio Grande do Sul, Vampyressa pusilla Wagner, 1843 e Pygoderma bilabiatum Wagner, 1843. Santos (1978) listou quatro espécies de filostomídeos para São Leopoldo, Sapucaia, Sapiranga, Portão, Canela e Nova Petrópolis, mencionando características morfológicas externas, incluindo medidas externas dos exemplares. Koopman (1982) apresentou estudo biogeográfico com mapas de distribuição dos morcegos da América do Sul de acordo com as sete províncias zoogeográficas, relacionando nove espécies de Phyllostomidae como ocorrentes até o Rio Grande do Sul. Wallauer & Albuquerque (1986) listaram as espécies de mamíferos observadas no Parque Estadual do Turvo, no atual município de Derrubadas, citando três espécies de filostomídeos. Ruí & Fabian (1997) apresentaram um estudo comparativo da fauna de Phyllostomidae de três áreas de mata no Rio Grande do Sul. Objetiva-se fornecer dados sobre a distribuição geográfica dos morcegos da família Phyllostomidae no Rio Grande do Sul, relacionando-a com os diferentes tipos de vegetação. Discutem-se também os limites de distribuição meridional dós morcegos dessa família.

O Parque Natural Municipal da Taquara (PNMT) é uma área de conservação localizada no bioma Mata Atlântica, está situado no município de Duque de Caxias, estado do Rio de Janeiro, sendo recoberto por Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana. A Floresta Atlântica é um bioma que possui uma grande diversidade de espécies vegetais e apesar de recentes estudos na região, o conhecimento de muitos táxons ainda é incipiente. Distribuída dentro desse domínio da Mata Atlântica, a família Solanaceae compreende cerca de 3000 espécies e 150 gêneros com ampla distribuição, principalmente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais da América do Sul. No Brasil ocorrem 350 espécies e 32 gêneros, caracterizadas por árvores pequenas, arbustos, ervas ou trepadeiras inermes ou com acúleos, glabros ou com pelos simples, ramificados ou estrelados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar o levantamento florístico da família Solanaceae no Parque Natural Municipal da Taquara, contribuindo para a ampliação dos conhecimentos sobre a flora, a ecologia e a conservação desta família e complementando a lista de espécies do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para elaboração deste trabalho analisou-se coleções de Solanaceae ocorrentes na área de estudo depositadas nos principais herbários do Estado. Realizou-se coletas mensais com duração de 1 dia durante 1 ano. Os materiais botânicos coletados foram herborizados segundo técnicas usuais para plantas vasculares e incorporados ao acervo dos herbários da Universidade do Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Alberto Castellanos -INEA (GUA) e Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RB). Como resultado foram encontradas três espécies representantes de um mesmo gênero, são elas: Solanun ciliatum, Solanum paniculatum e Solanum pseudoquina.

A new genus and species of a short limbed and slightly elongate gymnophthalmid lizard is described from the Atlantic rain forests of north-eastern Brazil. The new genus is also characterized by short and stout pentadactyl limbs, presence of prefrontals, absence of frontoparietals, distinctive ear opening and eyelid, two pairs of genials, a distinct collar, smooth, quadrangular, dorsal scales, quadrangular ventrals, fused postfrontal and postorbital bones, and two pairs of sternal ribs. The geographical distribution of the new taxon extends from the state of Rio Grande do Norte to the northern bank of the Rio São Francisco in the state of Alagoas. All specimens were obtained in leaf litter, an observation which agrees with the fossorial habits suggested by the body shape and massive aspect of the head of this species. A phylogenetic analysis based on external morphology, osteology, and molecular data recovered the new lizard as the sister genus to Anotosaura , and Colobosauroides as the sister group to these two.

A new genus and species of microteiid lizard is described from a series of specimens obtained in the leaf litter at Una (15u109S, 39u039W) in the Atlantic forest of southern Bahia, Brazil. It is characterized by the presence of prefrontals, frontoparietals, parietals, and interparietal; parietals longer than wide; distinct ear openings and eyelids; two pairs of genials, absence of collar and occipital scales; dorsal scales anteriorly smooth and becoming gradually lanceolate and mucronate posterior to the forelimb; and four regular transverse series of smooth ventrals that are longer than wide, identical in size. A phylogenetic analysis based on external morphology, osteology, and molecular data confirms this new lizard as a member of the Heterodactylini radiation of Gymnophthalminae. The topology recovered by maximum parsimony (MP) analyses reveals that its closest relatives are the sister taxa Colobosaura modesta and Iphisa elegans (BS 5 , 50%;

Resumo: Neste artigo discuto a relação entre os conceitos de praga e de espécies exóticas invasoras a partir de uma reflexão sobre caturritas e gafanhotos. Na primeira seção exploro de que forma esses animais assumem a condição de praga e como isso se insere em uma relação com tantos outros seres que podem ser responsáveis por criar a praga ou fazê-la prosperar, enquanto outros são impactados por seu florescimento. Na segunda seção veremos como o conceito se configura-ou se confunde-dentro do debate das invasões biológicas, relacionando-se com o conceito de espécie exótica invasora e com noções de território. Caturritas e gafanhotos se fazem bons para pensar não apenas no conceito de praga, mas em tantas outras classificações que se mostram instáveis. Por fim, praga se trata de uma condição que qualquer organismo pode vir a ter.
Palavras-chave: Pragas. Espécie exótica invasora. Relações multiespécies. Animais.

The contrast between pollination syndromes and effective pollination systems and its perspectives to the Atlantic Forest associated ecosystems Resumo Algumas flores apresentam características morfológicas que podem restringir a diversidade de seus visitantes, o que levou ao estabelecimento das síndromes de polinização baseadas nos atributos florais, onde as flores seriam supostamente adaptadas a tipos específicos de polinizadores. Entretanto, a idéia de síndrome tem sido questionada por pesquisadores com base em evidências de uma ampla generalização dos sistemas de polinização, pois espécies vegetais com flores morfologicamente complexas são visitadas por um amplo espectro de visitantes. Questões importantes podem intervir no processo de polinização e afetar, conseqüentemente, os serviços de polinização num determinado ecossistema e algumas delas serão discutidas, como a estruturação das assembléias de polinizadores, a análise comparada das síndromes e dos sistemas de polinização e os recursos florais nelas envolvidos. Palavras-chave síndromes de polinização, atributos florais, recursos florais, visitantes florais.

Life history parameters such as diet, reproduction, and sexual dimorphism are crucial to understand ecological and evolutionary forces shaping species traits. Nevertheless, such information is scant in the literature for most Neotropical squamates. Gymnophthalmidae contains over 242 species in 46 genera and includes small-size, mostly terrestrial species, although psamophilic, semi-aquatic, and low vegetation dwellers also occur. Dryadosaura is a monospecific genus -Dryadosaura nordestina Rodrigues et al., 2005 -, occurring in Atlantic Forest areas from Rio Grande do Norte to Northern Bahia, and little is known about its ecology and natural history. We analyzed the species' diet, reproduction, and sexual dimorphism based on 170 specimens deposited in museum collections. Dryadosaura nordestina is considered generalist and active forager, based on dietary items. Arthropods, especially ants and insect larvae, dominate the diet. The reproductive period shows a peak during the rainy season (May through June), while recruitment occurs from July through November. Males are significantly larger than females, and sexes can also be distinguished based on shape variables: males have higher heads and longer bodies, while body height and width are larger in females.

The palm Euterpe edulis was historically very exploited by humans and even today, many individuals are cut down by collectors to harvest the edible palm hearts. The ecological aspects of this anthropogenic pressure and its related effects are poorly understood. Here we investigate if linear canopy openings in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest can cause edge effects and facilitate predatory harvesting by humans. We sampled in Tinguá Biological Reserve (Southeastern Brazil) native palm populations at forest edges adjacent to two linear canopy openings, and in the forest interior far from any edge. Our 8-year monitoring showed that the linear canopy openings negatively affected the palm populations reducing its density and regeneration mainly on edges, but no local extinction was observed. Thus, the direct human impact from harvesting, adverse survival conditions on edges and interspecific competition causes population declines with no local extinction, so this suggests that E. edulis may resist even under strong anthropogenic pressure.

Flowering and fruiting of Aulonemia aristulata: a gynomonoecious woody bamboo species from Atlantic Forest in Brazil). Aulonemia aristulata (Döll) McClure is a lignified bamboo species endemic to Brazil. This species occurs in southeastern forests and can reach high density at forest edges, dominating the understory of canopy-disturbed forest patches. The goal of this study was to describe the flowering period, floral biology, fruiting and seedling recruitment of A. aristulata in natural conditions in two areas located in a segment of the Atlantic Forest. Data on the morphology of the synflorescences and florets, timing and sequence of the anthesis events and floral visitors were recorded. Natural pollinators (open pollination or control) as well as spontaneous self-pollination were also checked. Pollen viability was estimated using the acetocarmine technique. Aulonemia aristulata is monocarpic (semelparous) with gregarious flowering. All culms in both studied areas blossomed and fruited between August and November 2007, dying subsequently between December 2007 and April 2008. Two types of synflorescences and flowers were observed: terminal with bisexual and protandric florets, with the anthesis lasting for 3-4 days; and axillary, with morphologically bisexual, but functionally female, florets and anthesis lasting for 3-4 days. The latter were also observed in the rhizome of plants whose aerial portion had been removed. The presence of axillary synflorescences with pistillate flowers is described here for the first time in Aulonemia species. Moreover, this is the first report of gynomonoecy in woody bamboo. Fruiting from bisexual florets under natural conditions (35%) was superior to that obtained from bagged synflorescences (11.5%). Fruiting from functional female florets was around 20%. Pollen viability was on the average of 90%. The results suggest that Aulonemia aristulata is anemophilous. The massive bamboo seedling recruitment observed after dieback with the ability to colonize open areas could promote the regeneration of Aulonemia aristulata.

Author did good work…but if possible, then analyze the data on a seasonal basis to know variations in food preferences in different seasons. Study also further needs to provide data to know the choices of food items so it will provide an idea about which food items they prefer most on the availability of particular food items.

This article seeks to understand how the French colony of Fort Coligny appeared to the inhabitants the Brazilian Atlantic Forest upon its construction in 1555 by following the story of a three-toed sloth (Bradypus sp.) which was held captive in the fort for 26 days between December 1555 and January 1556 for observation by the cosmographer André Thevet, who served as the colony's chaplain. Using a combination of modern behavioral and zoological studies of the brown-throated sloth (B. variegatus) and the northern maned sloth (B. torquatus) along with primary accounts of Fort Coligny itself, an unfamiliar yet deeply personal story of the colonial process becomes clear. KEYWORDS History of natural history; french Brazil; French Atlantic history; history of animals; sloths; André Thevet