Architectural Phenomenology

Art is often viewed through the romantic lens of solitude, imagined as the product of a lone artist toiling away in a quiet studio or retreating from the world in search of meaning. Yet, paradoxically, no work of art is ever truly alone. Every painting, poem, or building carries within it echoes of culture, history, memory, and shared experience. This paper explores the complex relationship between isolation and connection in artistic and architectural creation. It examines how emotional and physical solitude (whether voluntary or imposed) can foster intense focus, self-reflection, and innovation, becoming a fertile ground for creativity. At the same time, it acknowledges how even deeply personal works are inevitably shaped by, and contribute to, larger artistic movements, social contexts, and philosophical ideas. Drawing upon key examples from architecture, literature, music, and visual arts, the study considers how isolation functions both as a state of being and a design principle. From meditative spaces in architecture to the private struggles of artists and poets, the discussion uncovers how solitude becomes a form of dialogue between the self and society, silence and expression, the inner world and the built environment. Ultimately, this paper argues that while art may be born in solitude, it is never truly isolated; it remains inherently connected to the human condition and to the world it quietly observes and reshapes.

Heidegger spoke about the Uncanny or 'Unheimlich,' a nouned adjective which can be translated into English as 'unhomely.' But what is a home? For many it is a house, for others perhaps a family or community. Pondering whether the body might be considered our most basic home, I examine what happens when that home itself becomes uncanny, for example through disability. Taking into account my experiences as a gay disabled Romani person, I speak about what it feels like to be seen as uncanny in the eyes of mainstream society and how many people's uncomfortableness with facing up to their own mortality is visible not only through their reactions to people like me, but also to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Semiolo{ka vizura, dakle ona iz koje se svijet i odnosi u njemu i{~itavaju iz znakovih relacija unutar najrazli~itijih znakovnih sustava koji se u ljudskome okru'enju i me|uljudskim odnosima uspostavljaju na dru{tvenoj, kulturnoj, i na raznim drugim razinama ljudskoga djelovanja, prema nekim je mi{ljenjima (i prema mojemu) jedna od najprimjerenijih i najperspektivnijih metoda za njihovo identificiranje, analizu i razumijevanje, kako u suvremenome svijetu tako i u pro{lim vremenima. Upravo u podru~je semiologije smje{ta se knjiga o kojoj je rije~. Knjiga Dubravka [kiljana Mappa mundi zapravo je opse'an esej iz semiologije kartografije, u kojem se, na primjeru karata svijeta od anti~kih vremena do renesanse, pa i dana{njeg vremena, poku{ava pokazati u kolikoj mjeri semiolo{ka analiza mo'e pridonijeti razumijevanju strukture i, prije svega, funkcije takvih zemljovida u pojedinim razdobljima. Tekst, artikuliran na 4 osnovna poglavlja, popra}en je sa 48 karata svijeta iz razli~itih povijesnih razdoblja i opse'nim popisom literature. U prvom poglavlju, Kartografi i njihova publika, ukratko je prikazana povijest kartografije svijeta, sagledana kroz prizmu autora zemljovida (i onih crtanih i onih oblikovanih samo jezi~nim znakovima), koji su u semiolo{kom smislu shva}eni kao po{iljaoci kartografskih poruka, i njihove publike, dakle primalaca tih poruka. Povijesni pregled zapo~inje Homerovim prikazom Ahilejeva {tita u Ilijadi, kao najstarije poznate karte svijeta u zapadnim civilizacijama, a zatim redom obuhva}a razdoblja prvih filozofa prirode, polihistora, helenizma, kasne antike, srednjeg vijeka, renesanse i modernih vremena, te se za svaki od tih perioda ispituje koji su izvori kartografova znanja o svijetu koji prikazuje, te kakav je karakter i struktura tog znanja. Jednako se tako u dijakronijskom pristupu, uz razlikovanje intencionalne i realne kartografske publike, istra'uje kakvim znanjem ona mora raspolagati. Pokazuje se ne samo da se znanja kartografa i primalaca kartografskih poruka me|usobno razlikuju nego i da se svaki period odlikuje posebnim znanjima, te da u smjenjivanju racionalnih i iracionalnih osnova postoji izvjesna pravilnost. Drugo poglavlje, Svjetovi i znakovi, analizira odnos karte, kao semiolo{kog fenomena i kao kompleksnog znaka, prema svijetu kao njezinu referentu. Da bi takva analiza bila mogu}a, izlo'ena je ukratko teorija znaka kao modela i nepodudarnih zna~enja koja znaku pridaju po{iljaoci i primaoci i koja se oblikuju u njihovim kolektivnim i individualnim iskustvima. Polaze}i od pretpostavke da je karta svijeta neka vrsta totalnog znaka (koji, dakle, ozna~ava sve na svijetu) i da relacija izme|u nje i ozna~enog univerzuma nije jednosmjerna, jer i zemljovid sudjeluje u formiranju ~ovjekova poimanja svijeta, ponovo se u povijesnom pregledu ispituje kako su se mijenjale karte svijeta i njihovi svjeto-219

The implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is driving and enabling a paradigm shift in building design methods. Traditional architectural design process focuses on the design of "form, space and order" of the built environment, responding to the need and demand of the clients, the "end-users". Under this professional paradigm, construction workers, the builders, are part of the construction machine to turn the design into reality. However, the "building in construction" is the working environment of builders, in which they spend most of their time in their everyday lives. They are "progress-users" of the building environment, a changing environment composed of building components, scaffolds, moving equipment and temporary facilities. They are performing various activities, which has a great impact on their physical and psychological health, and more importantly, their safety. If we add the time dimension into the building process, the concept of "user" needs to be extended and the dynamic environment needs to be taken into account at the stage of architectural design. This paper argues for an alternative perspective on the built environment and proposes a methodology for sustainable architectural design through the implementation of BIM.

The implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is driving and enabling a paradigm shift in building design methods. Traditional architectural design process focuses on the design of "form, space and order" of the built environment, responding to the need and demand of the clients, the "end-users". Under this professional paradigm, construction workers, the builders, are part of the construction machine to turn the design into reality. However, the "building in construction" is the working environment of builders, in which they spend most of their time in their everyday lives. They are "progress-users" of the building environment, a changing environment composed of building components, scaffolds, moving equipment and temporary facilities. They are performing various activities, which has a great impact on their physical and psychological health, and more importantly, their safety. If we add the time dimension into the building process, the concept of "user" needs to be extended and the dynamic environment needs to be taken into account at the stage of architectural design. This paper argues for an alternative perspective on the built environment and proposes a methodology for sustainable architectural design through the implementation of BIM.

People have always been makers, creatures of poiesis. However, in a time where many are growing sceptical about the desirability of Homo Faber’s gifts due to the ecological destruction they so often cause, this article investigates the emergent possibilities offered by co-creation or sympoiesis. In order to understand the implications of this shift from poiesis to sympoiesis, the article offers a hermeneutic attempt to come to grips with the essence and nature of the human making-event (poiesis), and the kind of thinking that lets this creative process unfold in a particularly revealing way. The article relies on the influential writings of the German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) to plumb the depths of mortal making. For Heidegger, all making stands under the sway of the ancient Greek notion of poiesis. Despite sounding like the word used for poetry, poets merely practice one form of poiesis. This article attempts a more encompassing approach to mortal making by appreciating the ontological associations of poiesis as it relates to Heidegger’s understanding of people as beings of care (Sorge). In order to elaborate on the richness and depth of mortal poiesis, and to show how a heroic understanding of poiesis may undermine the potential for sympoiesis, the article will study various making-narratives posited in the novel by Etienne van Heerden, The long silence of Mario Salviati, originally published as Die swye van Mario Salviati (2000). Drawing on the circular (hermeneutic) tendencies Heidegger identifies in mortal existence, and the role played by angels in the novel (and in the Duino Elegies of Rainer Maria Rilke), the article presents four spiralling flights dipping into aspects of poiesis as developed in Van Heerden’s novel.
The article is structured in three sections. The first section sketches an overarching interpretation of Heidegger’s understanding of mortal poiesis and his formulation of inceptual thinking (das anfängliche Denken) as alternative for the shortcomings of representational thinking (das vorstellende Denken). In the second section, the Heideggerian interpretation of mortal making is elaborated by interpreting various making-events in Van Heerden’s novel. It is shown that the characters in The long silence of Mario Salviati carry an unnecessarily heavy burden when they attempt creative endeavours, because they misunderstand (and are not able to endure) the silent openness imbuing mortal poiesis. In an attempt at challenging their understanding of making, it is argued that Heideggerian Gelassenheit implies an additional move from poiesis to sympoiesis (making-with). The third section serves as conclusion and speculates briefly on the implications of this sympoietic augmentation of
poiesis. As such, the article considers the way poietic thinking and poiesis are interwoven in the moment of creation, augments this interpretation by studying several making-narratives in Van Heerden’s novel, and uses the resulting understanding to reappraise the way people think about making in terms of sympoiesis. Consequently, the article can be seen as a retrospective refl ection on human making amid the harbingers of sympoiesis. The article is both an attempt at making-sense (of poiesis) and making-ready (for sympoiesis). Ultimately, drawing on the latent implications of Heidegger’s notion of Gelassenheit, it is proposed that people need to abdicate their claim of being the sole authors of poiesis. To shift from poiesis to sympoiesis is to acknowledge that making is an open yet entwined endeavour: iterative, contingent, impure, awaiting yet guilty, dense, ecstatic-leaping, and fundamentally, care-full. In the same way that Heidegger challenged Cartesian dualism by proposing that people are intimately entangled in the world, making is also shaped by entanglements steeped in mortal care. Sympoiesis, by granting creative agency to these entanglements, is even more open and entangled than poiesis. Therefore, it could be argued that sympoiesis is more in tune with the way people live as beings of care than poiesis, since it engages more kinds of mattering. The article concludes that sympoiesis is the more venturesome form of making that Being seems to be calling us towards.

PT. Mitra Karya Prospekta merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang penyedia jasa konstruksi, memiliki proyek yang berhubungan dengan pembangunan diantaranya pembangunan perumahan di Perumahan Pangauban Silih Asih. Pembangunan perumahan adalah salah satu upaya memenuhi kebutuhan dasar manusia dalam rangka peningkatan dan pemerataan kesejahteraan rakyat yang ditujukan untuk menciptakan kawasan permukiman dan mengintegrasikan secara terpadu serta meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan. Pembangunan perumahan juga merupakan sebuah proyek yang dilakukan secara berkesinambungan namun memiliki jangka waktu tertentu, sebagai penunjang pembangunan dibidang ekonomi, sosial, budaya dan bidang lainnya. Sebuah proyek pembangunan membutuhkan perencanaan yang matang, baik dalam sisi penyediaan dan pengelolaan barang hingga pemantauan pengerjaan bangunan yang diterapkan juga dalam pembangunan perumahan di Pangauban Silih Asih. Penelitian terdahulu telah membangun sistem informasi monitoring terhadap r...

Over-emphasis by architectural design on its conceptual dimension stems from reliance on what Juhani Pallasmaa's terms the Cartesian "retinal gaze," a way of seeing that preferences representations over sensory experience that alienate us from our environment due to the distancing of mental structures. Pallasmaa's descriptions of architectural experience instead seek emphasis on the active. multi-sensory engagement within our perception due to movement in and around buildings. This position has consonance with recently emerging models of perception (J.J. Gibson, Merleau-Ponty, Noe) that operate precisely because of the action and movement of our bodies in space -the very act of seeing, for example, is made possible due to our movement in space imparting variable reflectance from the structure of the physical world onto our eyes, thus allowing for differentiation of light patterns over time. We orient and position ourselves due to this movement and it defines the world thus. A moving body enables greater presence and openness to the world than the static moment of perception necessary to the mental representations necessary to the long trail of models of perception held over from Renaissance thinking. Yet the predominant operations of the discipline of architectural design in the present day continue to favor working in visual abstractions apart from reality, attempting to predict the experiential disposition of actual reality. How can working with these illusory representations give a clear picture of ourselves as beings-in-the-world? The problem of the designed environment is thus tied to the problem of perception. Relationships between perceiver and environment are constructed within human perception and structure how we come to know the environment. Architectural design is highly influenced by designers' knowledge of how they think perception works, which, in turn, has consequences for design decision making. Unwittingly held assumptions about a particular model of perception cause design decisions that configure the environment consistently only with particular modes of perception. Assumptions like "mind/body dualism" and "sense-data" impact perceptual experience in everyday life. If uninspected, these conceptual models become underlying determinants of aesthetic decision making that prefigure other design determinants (i.e., materiality; detailing; parametric determinants; and finally, apprehension of meaning and substance). I believe conscious understanding of perception enables a designer to distinguish issues such as real from imagery within a more purposeful design methodology that sustains unanimity of both experience and imagination. Objectives of this paper focus on the relevance of a working understanding of models of human perception as underlying actors on cognitive frameworks for design thinking. Investigation of the foreknowledge of theories of perception on aesthetic preferences is supported by discussion of designed environments in which comprehension of perception has played a role in forming aesthetic decisions.

The paper discusses the aesthetic aspects of place ‐making practices in the urban environment of Western metropoles that are struggling with the progressive undifferentiation of their space and the weakening of communal and personal bonds. The paper starts by describing the gen‐ eral characteristics of an urban environment as distinct from the traditional vision of a city as a well ‐structured entity, and in relation to formal and informal aesthetics and participatory design ideas. The author then focuses on two contrary but complementary tactics for translat‐ ing a space into a positively evaluated p l a ce: by domesticating it through introducing nature into an urbanscape; and by accentuating its alienness with the example of the urban explora‐ tion movement. The growing popularity of the latter is presented in relation to the discourses related to the decline of cities and the romantic endeavours for reaching into the realm of the unknown or the uncanny in order to rediscover and...

The paper explores the semantic potential of the Farsi term mandegari (māndigārī) to describe historic places within the context of built environment. This word holds significant meaning for characterizing the attributes of different phenomena. To start, a comprehensive review of Farsi literature highlights its utilization in scholarly research, where scholars and researchers have employed this term to express the enduring qualities of historic places. The paper delves into the terminology of mandegari in Farsi dictionaries, exploring its various nuances and associations. The surface definition of mandegari is identified as meaning someone or something who stays in a place, possessing stability and durability. Conventional content analysis is then employed to extract themes and sub-themes from dictionary definitions and examples. In the next step, the research extends to an examination of peer-reviewed Farsi articles on built environment as a case study, using summative content analysis to unearth the semantic dimensions of mandegari. From this analysis, themes of positivityneutrality, objectivity-subjectivity, and perenniality-metamorphosis emerged. While the connotations of mandegari are predominantly positive, the term also contains objective and subjective dimensions. Then, the dual aspects of perenniality and metamorphosis are explored to understand how places evolve over time while maintaining their essential attributes. By illuminating the convergence of these seemingly opposite concepts, the paper shows how they coexist to shape a place's character. The paper also highlights a gap in the literature on built environment concerning a precise understanding of the concept of mandegari in the Farsi language. It aims to encompass shared meanings and experiences of this concept among scholars. By exploring these tensions and providing a thorough exploration of the semantic dimensions of mandegari, the research contributes to the field's theoretical framework. The study aligns with the tradition of introducing new concepts to enrich architectural discourse, like how Christian Norberg-Schulz introduced the concept of genius loci (spirit of the place) from ancient Roman culture. In essence, the research provides a valuable exploration of the nuanced meanings and implications of mandegari in the context of historic places.

Escrito por um dos maiores arquitetos da Finlândia, este livro sobre teoria da arquitetura trata da percepção sensorial das edificações sob um ponto de vista muito original: critica a arquitetura que considera apenas o sentido da visão, deixando de lado os demais sentidos, e propõe uma forma multissensorial de projetar a arquitetura. É uma obra revolucionária, escrita de uma forma quase poética.

Son dönemde, başta UNICEF olmak üzere, aralarında çeşitli Birleşmiş Milletler kurumlarının da bulunduğu çok sayıda uluslararası kuruluş ve örgütün faaliyetlerinde benimsedikleri bu yaklaşım özünde insan
ve toplulukların nasıl değişip dönüşebilecekleri gibi oldukça eski ve epey de felsefi bir soruyla muhatap olur. Bu değişim ve dönüşümün “nasıl” olacağı
sorusuna birazdan geçmek kaydıyla önce “neden” sorusuna verilecek yanıtta mutabık olmak gerekiyor. Bireyler ve topluluklar neden değişmeli/dönüşmelidir?

This paper examines the architectural, commercial, and cultural significance of Gazi Husrev-beg's Bezistan, one of Sarajevo's most significant historical and cultural structures, as well as its contribution to the city's urban growth over time. The paper's primary goal is to examine how the trade that Bezistan made possible shaped this building's evolution into an important center in the Sarajevo čaršija and how its atmosphere evolved over time. In Sarajevo's history, the Bezistan, which was constructed in 1555 as a component of the Gazi Husrev-beg vakuf, is an important architectural complex. Even though the Bezistan has been destroyed by numerous flames throughout the ages, it has been restored and is still a place for trade. As the inventor of numerous significant structures in Sarajevo, such as the Bezistan, Gazi Husrev-beg was crucial in the city's development and urbanization, making it one of the most important centers for trade and culture throughout the Ottoman era. The paper also addresses the preservation of the structure in the present through analyzing the architectural features of Bezistan, including its use of stone, brick, and wood, as well as its unique vaulted construction. To preserve its historical and cultural significance, the study analyzes the degradation and unauthentic interventions that have taken place over time and makes suggestions for protection and revitalization, such as conservation and restoration. It also examines at how the environment around the Bezistan has changed, how it integrates into the larger plan of Sarajevo's čaršija and urban life. Within the near the surroundings, the Tašlihan also contributes significantly to the area's historical legacy, highlighting the Bezistan's long-standing commercial and cultural role. The fact that Gazi Husrev-beg's Bezistan was declared a Bosnia and Herzegovina national monument in 2006 points to its extraordinary significance for Sarajevo's and Bosnia and Herzegovina's cultural and historical legacy. Gazi Husrev-beg's Bezistan is still a major tourist destination in Sarajevo today, and its souvenir and handicraft shops continue to be an important part of the city's tourism offers. This paper therefore deals with the question of how to preserve the monument, ensure its protection in the context of contemporary challenges, and enable its further functionality as a cultural and commercial center.

This entry reviews the conceptual and applied relationships between architecture and phenomenology, which is here focused via what is called  an architectural phenomenology, defined as the descriptive and interpretive examination of architectural experiences, meanings, and situations as constituted by aspects of both the architectural environment and human life. The entry illustrates phenomenological possibilities for architecture via the three themes of environmental embodiment, place, and architectural atmospheres. The entry concludes that a major aim of architectural phenomenology is a self-conscious understanding of human lifeworlds in their architectural and place aspects. By drawing on a phenomenological perspective to consider the lived significance of architectural elements and qualities normally taken for granted, architects may better envision future buildings and places.

Kajian ini bertujuan Mengkaji factor social demografi, persepsi, partisipasi, dan sikap
masyarakat dengan adanya kebijakan penataan permukiman di Kawasan Sepanjang
Sungai Tenggarong Jl Kartini dan Jl DI. Penjaitan, Mengkaji pengaruh persepsi, dan
partisipasi masyarakat terhadap sikap masyarakat dengan adanya kebijakan penataan
permukiman di Kawasan Sepanjang Sungai Tenggarong ini, Serta mengkaji kebijakan
yang diperlukan dalam penataan permukiman di Kawasan Sepanjang Sungai
Tenggarong.  Kajian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif.. 
Jumlah populasi masyarakat yang terkena dampak adalah 272 kepala keluarga. 
Berdasarkan rumus slovin dengan tingkat presesi 5 % diperoleh jumlah sampel 73 orang.
Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah anlisisis statistik inferensial dengan menggunakan
SmartPLS dan analisis kualitatif.  Hasil kajian adalah persepsi, partisiapasi, sikap
masyarakan akan kebijakan penataan kawasan memberikan pernyataan setuju. 
Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik inferiansial deperoleh hasil bahwa persepsi
berpengaruh signifikan terhadap partisipasi, persepsi dan partisipasi berpengaruh
signifikan terhadap sikap masyarakat, dan variabel partisipasi berpengaruh signifikan
terhadap sikap sebagai variabel moderator.  Hasil analisis kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa
dominan responden menyatakan  adanya peningkatan pendapatan yang berfokus pada
UMKM, memberikan manfaat positif bagi peningkatan kualitas kehidupan sosial
masyarakat, memberikan manfaat positif bagi peningkatan kualitas lingkungan,
perubahan yang signifikan dalam hal peningkatan ekonomi melalui penciptaan lapangan
kerja dan dukungan untuk UMKM. Mayoritas responden menilai bahwa kejelasan
sosialisasi dan informasi yang disampaikan perlu diperbaiki. Untuk menjalankan
kebijakan ini secara berkelanjutan diperlukan regulasi yang mengatur tupoksi Organisasi
Perangkat Daerah Pemerintah (OPD) Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara dan stakeholder
lainnya yang terlibat.  Rekomendasi yang dapat disampaikan adalah agar di dalam
penentuan lokasi baru untuk relokasi melibatkan masyarakat terdampak dan diberikan
tali asih yang menguntungkan masyarakat.  Pemerintah Daerah agar membuat regulasi
yang mengatur pengelolaan Kawasan pasca penataan. Harus ada regulasi yang
mengatur kewenangan OPD (seperti Dinas Pariwisata, Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM,
SatPol PP) dan stakeholder tentang pengelolaan rumah kutai yang berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: penataan pemukiman, masyarakat terdampak, persepsi masyarakat,
partisipasi masyarakat, sikap masyarakat

Este proyecto es un intento por descubrir un lugar, más que recrearme en llenarlo de trazos e invadir el territorio con la línea, intento valorizar la expresividad de un sitio natural de gran valor paisajístico, ignorado y olvidado por la ciudad de A Coruña. No se trata tanto de dar carácter como de permitir acercarse a algo que ya lo posee, asomándose a un lugar sin construirlo totalmente, rescatando paisaje para la memoria, buscando y permitiendo que cada quien se encuentre con sí mismo. Hacer del cementerio un nexo que articule todas las partes, un ejemplo para instalarnos en el lugar, en el paisaje. Mostrar que no es necesario colonizar para acceder.

This white paper explores the principles and methodologies underpinning architecture's capacity to evoke transcendent experiences. Authored collaboratively, the study reflects on a decade of evolving perspectives since its original conception in 2014. The research focuses on three interconnected components: the works of architects noted for their sublime contributions, the architectural conditions that foster transcendent experiences, and the personal practices of both creators and observers that enable engagement with these environments.

Key findings include a framework of 14 conditions usually present in Transcendent Architecture, ranging from materiality and spatial emptiness to light, context, and ontological connections. The methodology, blending case studies and interdisciplinary insights, is structured around comparative analysis and critical interpretations, encompassing historical, philosophical, and neuroscience-based precedents. Additionally, the study examines practices –such as sketching, meditation, and ritual – that cultivate the creative or experiential receptivity required for transcendent outcomes.

By identifying actionable design heuristics and fostering dialogue on transcendent qualities in architecture, the study aspires to bridge theory and practice, offering a roadmap for advancing the discipline. The findings emphasize the importance of architecture as a medium for spiritual, ethical, and emotional engagement, advocating for its critical role in addressing contemporary challenges.

PHENOMENOLOGY OF WEIGHT IN ARCHITECTURE
The phenomenology of weight in architecture reveals that, like people and trees, "houses want to grow and fly." Behind this phenomenon stands the formative power of architectural corporeality—the entelechy of antigravity, as a universal incentive to overcome weight. Since it is architecturally all-encompassing with its dual nature (physical and symbolic), weight consequently gives both physical and symbolic form to an architectural object. Physical weight and symbolic (most often, visual) weight are always and simultaneously in certain harmony and disharmony. Phenomenological analysis of weight phenomena in architecture reveals principles and rules of basic architectural expressions and appearances. There is almost no architectural form—physical, symbolic, tangible, intangible, symbolic, social, etc.—that is not related to the weight phenomena.

FENOMENOLOGIJA TEŽINE U ARHITEKTURI 
Fenomenologija težine u arhitekturi otkriva da, poput ljudi i drveća, i "kuće žele rasti i letjeti". Iza ovog fenomena stoji formativna moć arhitektonske tjelesnosti - entelehija antigravitacije, kao univerzalni poticaj za prevladavanjem težine. Budući da je u arhitektonskom smislu sveprekrivajuća i da ima dvojnu, fizičku i simboličku prirodu, težina posljedično daje arhitektonskom objektu i fizičku i simboličku formu. Fizička i simbolička (najčešće, vizualna) težina su uvijek i istovremeno i u određenoj harmoniji i u određenoj disharmoniji. Fenomenološka analiza fenomena težine u arhitekturi otkriva principe i pravila osnovnih arhitektonskih izraza i pojavljivanja. Gotovo da ne postoji arhitektonska forma - fizička, simbolička, materijalna, nematerijalna, simbolička, društvena, itd. - koja nije povezana s fenomenom težine.

In their university days, many architects would have run across the essays “Building Dwelling Thinking” and “Poetically, Man Dwells” by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger. These essays have united generations of architects around the notion that a work of architecture which does not acknowledge and incorporate notions of place does not meet the highest aims of architecture. The purpose of this paper is to move from Heidegger’s quasi-romantic notions of poetic dwelling to more pointed warnings regarding technological thinking. Though this has been well established in other works by Heidegger and his scholars, this paper relies on works by the philosopher that have remained untranslated until recently and are largely unknown. These include the author’s own translations of Heidegger’s poetry, short commentaries, and the essay “Man’s Dwelling” (Das Wohnen des Menschen).  The latter is especially valuable because it serves as a coda to the two previous essays “Building Dwelling Thinking” and “Poetically, Man Dwells.” “Man’s Dwelling” also lends this paper its three orienting principles: unpoetic dwelling, the adulation of science, and the mechanization of man. As an illustrative example, this paper delves into the debates amongst modern architects around two iconic precepts: form follows function, and a house is a machine for living. In an academic and professional era that is centered upon technological tools and methods, and in the burgeoning age of generative AI, the author presents this paper as a continuing caution against the uncritical and unfeeling adoption of technological means in the classroom and professional practice.

This paper investigates the phenomenon of dwelling in Heidegger's thought. This endeavour is undertaken in the context of accounting for his take on the gathering of the fourfold (earth, sky, mortals, and divinities) in things amongst which we dwell. It is also situated in relation to his existential analytic of Dasein, his reflections on death, time, and space. This line of inquiry is moreover placed within the broader constellation of the published recollections of Heidegger's thought in connection with his meditations on the unfolding of the essence of modern technology and its en-framing, his contemplation of the origins of the work of art, and the way these aspects connect with his call for re-thinking dwelling anew in terms of what can be seen as an ontological response to the questions of the meaning, truth, and place of being.

This analytical essay is aimed at developing a conceptual framework to assess how people experience the built environment both objectively and subjectively through a critical literature review of neuroarchitecture, architectural phenomenology, and neurophenomenology. Whereas both modes of human experience with the built environment are inseparable in real life, they have often been evaluated as seemingly antithetical and distinct approaches. Our experiences with the environment are mediated by our brains, for instance, our brain’s neurophysiological responses to colors, shapes, or heights. Such experiences are universal. Also, our experiences are constantly refracted by our unconscious subjective and intersubjective sense-making filters in the brain. Based on the critical literature review and synthesis, this study conceptualizes a refractive neuroarchitecture phenomenology, which is defined as a study of humans’ subjective and intersubjective architectural experiences through an epistemological and methodological convergence of the first- and second-person phenomenological and third-person neuroscientific methods. This conceptualization would provide intellectual significance as it attempts to integrate both objective and subjective epistemology and methodology into architectural research. For a practical implication, it is expected to demonstrate the importance of the phenomenological aspect of architectural efficacy and ways of applying neuroscientific research for place-making, including urban renewal and historic preservation.

Doğaya dayalı turizm faaliyetlerinin gelişimi hiç kuşkusuz doğal kaynakların korunması ile yakından ilişkilidir. Doğal kaynakların korunması ise toplumlar tarafından ciddiye alınması gereken önemli bir konudur. Bu durum ise toplum temelli doğal kaynak yönetimini (TTDKY) ön plana çıkarmaktadır. TTDKY son yıllarda biyolojik korunmanın sürdürülebilirliğinin gerçekleşmesi ve sosyo-ekonomik hedeflerin sağlanması amacıyla toplumlar tarafından yaygın olarak teşvik edilmektedir. TTDKY; doğal kaynakların korunması, sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması ve gelecek nesillere bırakılması amacıyla gerekli olan tüm sorumluluğun sadece belirli ya da görevli bir kesim tarafından değil toplumun her kesimi tarafından paylaşılmasını içermektedir. Bu çalışmada doğaya dayalı turizm faaliyetlerinin gelişiminde TTDKY’nin öneminin vurgulanması amaçlanmaktadır.Undoubtedly, development of nature-based tourism activities is closely related to the conservation of natural resources. Conservation of natural resources...

The role of the human body in cognitive science approaches has often been overshadowed by the prevailing mindset of mind-body dualism within architectural theory over the course of centuries. Despite the body's crucial significance in cognitive viewpoints within architectural theory, it prompts us to reflect on its historical standing and cognitive function evolution. The inquiry lies in understanding how the body and its cognitive implications have shaped the progression of architectural theory throughout time. Through the lens of logical reasoning and a descriptive-analytical approach, this article endeavors to delve into the nuanced exploration of the body across various architectural epochs. By tracing the evolution of body interpretations from the tangible to the phenomenological realms, it scrutinizes the shifts in architectural ideation concerning the cognitive dimensions of the human body. Furthermore, this study investigates the influence of phenomenological perspectives on discussions surrounding bodily expressions and the adaptive alteration of individuals' perceptions of their corporeal presence in diverse real-world scenarios. Architects, albeit these transformations, persist in retaining a human-centric view, laying emphasis on geometric, formal, and numerical considerations in architectural compositions.

Vitruvius once said, "The architect must know astronomy if he wants to build roofs" 1. Whilst a person of mere philosophical abstraction may interpret it as making a shelter that connects one with the stars and the environment, Michele De Lucchi, a craftsman, an instigator of reimagined architecture, and one who makes us wonder if the building might be more alive than we are, believes that to design, the architect must first understand the Earth, the stars, and everything in between. To create, architecture is collaborating with the planet as humanity is inseparably tied to the Earth. Realistically, one may suggest that architecture that connects with the Earth shall be sustainable and built with renewable materials, and that sustainable architecture becomes the solution to the multitude of problems we've courteously bestowed upon the Earth. While it is a considerable take on our future developments, rather than viewing architecture as our answer, it becomes the question: what is architecture's role in connecting humans and the Earth? The idea of architecture as a medium for creating experiential connections between humanity and the planet relies on the concept of Architectural Phenomenology, which aims to create sensorial and abstract perceptions between the users and their environment, far beyond tangibility. It deepens the understanding of what buildings and cities are for, perhaps even provoking our thoughts about who we are, where we are going, and how we relate to the world around us. As guided by Michele De

Architecture serves both as a reflection of its surroundings and a guide for the future. This dual role is especially evident in the concept of contextual adaptation, where designs navigate the tension between staying rooted in their environment and embracing transformation. This paper explores three landmark projects—St. Nicholas Eastern Orthodox Church, Thorncrown Chapel, and the Enterprise Research Campus in Boston—each offering a distinct response to its cultural, environmental, or urban setting. Do these works achieve a balance of integration and creativity, or do they reveal the challenges of adapting to place without compromising artistic ambition? By critically analyzing their contributions and limitations, this paper examines the dynamic interplay between innovation and tradition, stability and experimentation. Drawing on Marlon Blackwell's lecture Radical Practice and key architectural theories, it investigates how these projects forge their identities, respond to their contexts, and embody aspirations that define the evolving nature of architecture in today’s world.

The role of the human body in cognitive science approaches has often been overshadowed by the prevailing mindset of mind-body dualism within architectural theory over the course of centuries. Despite the body's crucial significance in cognitive viewpoints within architectural theory, it prompts us to reflect on its historical standing and cognitive function evolution. The inquiry lies in understanding how the body and its cognitive implications have shaped the progression of architectural theory throughout time. Through the lens of logical reasoning and a descriptive-analytical approach, this article endeavors to delve into the nuanced exploration of the body across various architectural epochs. By tracing the evolution of body interpretations from the tangible to the phenomenological realms, it scrutinizes the shifts in architectural ideation concerning the cognitive dimensions of the human body. Furthermore, this study investigates the influence of phenomenological perspectives on discussions surrounding bodily expressions and the adaptive alteration of individuals' perceptions of their corporeal presence in diverse real-world scenarios. Architects, albeit these transformations, persist in retaining a human-centric view, laying emphasis on geometric, formal, and numerical considerations in architectural compositions.

GĐRĐŞ Bu çalışma, dayanıklı tüketim eşyası üreten bir firmanın Araştırma-Geliştirme (Ar-Ge) biriminde proje yönetiminde süreç iyileştirmesi projesi olarak yürütülmüştür. Sekiz yıllık bir dönem içinde Ar-Ge biriminde yönetilmiş ve sonlandırılmış 160 projeden arşivlenmis verilerinde hiçbir eksik olmayan 93 projeye ait veriler derlenmiştir. Bu projeler, proje yönetimi performansını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi, geçmişte karşılaşılan risklerin saptanması ve bir Risk Listesi hazırlamak için analiz edilmiştir. Oluşturulan Risk Listesi bu araştırma kapsamında önerilen risk yönetimi sürecinde bir girdi olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın yapıldığı firmada tüm Ar-Ge projeleri firma bünyesinde yürütülmektedir. Ancak zaman zaman projelerin bazı iş paketleri taşeron firmalara yaptırılabilmektedir. Firmada uzun bir süredir proje yaşam döngüsü tanımının, proje izleme mekanizmalarının ve kaynak kullanımı için belgelendirmenin yer aldığı standart bir proje yönetimi sistemi kullanılmaktadır. Pro...

Abstract The role of the human body in cognitive science approaches has often been overshadowed by the prevailing mindset of mind-body dualism within architectural theory over the course of centuries. Despite the body's crucial significance in cognitive viewpoints within architectural theory, it prompts us to reflect on its historical standing and cognitive function evolution. The inquiry lies in understanding how the body and its cognitive implications have shaped the progression of architectural theory throughout time. Through the lens of logical reasoning and a descriptive-analytical approach, this article endeavors to delve into the nuanced exploration of the body across various architectural epochs. By tracing the evolution of body interpretations from the tangible to the phenomenological realms, it scrutinizes the shifts in architectural ideation concerning the cognitive dimensions of the human body. Furthermore, this study investigates the influence of phenomenological perspectives on discussions surrounding bodily expressions and the adaptive alteration of individuals' perceptions of their corporeal presence in diverse real-world scenarios. Architects, albeit these transformations, persist in retaining a human-centric view, laying emphasis on geometric, formal, and numerical considerations in architectural compositions.

Tüm haklar1 mahfuzdur. Bu kitab1n tamam1 ya da bir k1sm1 5846 Say1l1 Yasa9n1n hükümlerine göre, kitab1 yay1nlayan yay1nevinin izni olmaks1z1n elektronik, mekanik, fotokopi ya da herhangi bir kay1t sistemi ile çoalt1lamaz, özetlenemez, yay1nlanamaz, depolanamaz.

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis tren penelitian perumahan generasi milenial selama 10 tahun ke atas dalam beberapa aspek, antara lain masalah penelitian, kesenjangan, tujuan, latar penelitian, metodologi, pengumpulan data, metode analisis, temuan, dan kontribusi. Item Pelaporan Pilihan untuk Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis dan Analisis Meta (PRISMA) jika digunakan untuk Melakukan Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis dari Scopus sebagai database terkemuka. Berdasarkan tinjauan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa fokus penelitian terhadap perumahan bagi generasi milenial sangat terkait dengan kondisi ekonomi genting, keterjangkauan, mobilitas, sosial, lingkungan terbangun (perkotaan), dan teknologi. Dari skala makro ke skala mikro yaitu: kondisi dan sistem perekonomian global; kepemilikan rumah dan mobil; aksesibilitas perkotaan; mobilitas; antargenerasi perumahan; gaya hidup; tipologi unit perumahan; dan kemajuan teknologi adalah serangkaian penelitian yang dilakukan di seluruh dunia termasuk Asia, Eropa, Inggris, Kanada, dan Amerika Serikat. Hal ini mengungkapkan bahwa generasi Milenial sering disebut sebagai generasi sewa, generasi berbagi, dan digitalisasi karena menurunnya kepemilikan rumah dan kepemilikan mobil atau kendaraan pribadi. Perumahan sewa-untuk-berbagi dan co-living adalah perubahan penting dalam perumahan yang patut mendapat perhatian. Pada abad kedua puluh satu, berbagi tempat tinggal merupakan hal yang berbeda karena bukti menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat berbagi tempat tinggal dalam jangka waktu yang lebih lama dan mencakup kelompok umur yang lebih luas; dan akses serta pengalaman shared houses atau perumahan bersama semakin dimediasi oleh teknologi digital. Pengalaman sewa generasi mengubah konfigurasi ulang pengalaman perumahan menjadi 'Berbagi Generasi' dalam kelompok persewaan. Sebagian besar penelitian menggunakan paradigma kuantitatif dan menggunakan data survei, menyebarkan kuesioner berdasarkan literatur yang diulas kepada sampel sasaran, dan mengukur prediksi teoritis berdasarkan hipotesis dengan analisis statistik, analisis pemodelan, analisis tematik, analisis deskriptif, dan analisis inferensial. Beberapa artikel penelitian menggunakan metode campuran dan metodologi kualitatif dengan studi kasus, wawancara, teori dasar, simulasi sebagai metode, dan analisis pemetaan spasial (ArcGIS). Temuan ini dapat membantu mengimbangi pesatnya publikasi ilmiah dan membantu mempercepat pemahaman ide-ide tertentu di bidang perumahan bagi generasi milenial untuk perencanaan, praktik profesional, pengembangan, dan kebijakan. Temuan ini dapat digunakan oleh para perencana, perancang kota, arsitek, pengembang, peneliti, dan pengambil kebijakan perumahan untuk generasi sekarang. Selain itu, penelitian SLR ini dapat membantu penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai perumahan. Penelitian ini memberikan kerangka kerja yang kuat untuk tren penelitian perumahan bagi generasi milenial dan pemahaman komprehensif tentang ide-ide utama dari penelitian yang ada mengenai perumahan bagi generasi milenial.

Giderek artan nüfus, şehirleşme ve plansız yapılaşma karşısında günümüz insanları ve yaşlı dünyamız henüz yeni fakat önemli sayılabilecek birçok sorun ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Devasa bu sorunlar karşısında hızlı, ekonomik ve aynı zamanda karmaşık birçok model ve çözüm önerileri ortaya atılmıştır. Bu özelliklere sahip modellerin kullanımı ise ancak bilgisayar teknolojilerinin tercih edilmesiyle mümkün olabilmiştir. Okumakta olduğunuz yazıda ise şehirleşme sorunlarına cevap verebilecek Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ve Uzaktan Algılama teknolojilerinin bir bakıma ileri bir aşaması olarak kabul edilen 3 boyutlu dijital modelleme üzerinde durulmuş ve kullanım alanları ile birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda; 3 boyutlu modelleme nedir? 3 boyutlu modelleme teknikleri nelerdir, 3 boyutlu şehir modeli kullanım alanları, analog modelleme, dijital modelleme, analog / dijital modellerin karşılaştırması gibi özellikler hakkında temel bilgiler verilmiştir. Ayrıca Bu modellemenin, kullanım sahalarından birisi olarak İstanbul tarihi yarımada koruma-yenilemedönüşüm planları doğrultusunda kentsel tasarım projesi üzerinde uygulaması gösterilmiştir. 3 boyutlu modelleme bir nesne veya coğrafik unsurun, geometrik özelliklerinin (x, y, z koordinatları ile), yüzey özelliklerinin ve renklerinin belirlenmesi ve sayısal olarak kayıtlandırılmasıdır. Bu kapsamda elde edilen bilginin analizi, işlenmesi ve yorumlanması bilgisayarlar tarafından otomatik olarak (doğruluk oranı düşük) ya da insanlar tarafından gerçekleştirilir. Burada çalışmanın kalitesini arttıran doğruluk ve çözünürlük özellikleri lazer tarayıcıya (odaklama derinliği, optik çözünürlük, ışın yayılımı, nokta büyüklüğü vs.), yapı yüzeyine (yüzeydeki detayların karmaşıklığı vs.), tarama sürecindeki tarayıcı dışı faktörlere (zemin hareketliliği, hava türbülansları, mekanik hatalar, ve operatör hataları)'na bağlıdır.

Mekânın insanla kurduğu fiziksel, bilişsel ilişkiler ve toplumsal etkinlikler, mekânlara kendine özgü nitelikle vererek yer kavramını ortaya çıkarır. Makalenin araştırma sorusu mekân ve insan ilişkisi bağlamında yer kavramının felsefî olarak nasıl tanımlanabileceği ve felsefe tarihinde nasıl bir dönüşüm geçirdiğidir. İnsan eyleminin yer kavramının tanımlanmasındaki belirleyici rolü gündeme getirilmesi, felsefi düzlemde mekân/yer ayrımları farklı eylem tanımlarıyla ilişkilendirilmesi ve yer kavramının felsefe düzleminde tarihsel gelişiminin gösterilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda modern felsefe tarihinde yer kavramını odağına almış Newton, Descartes, Gassendi, Leibniz, Locke, Kant, Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, Foucault ve Lefebvre’nin yaklaşımları mutlaklık, deneyimsellik ve toplumsallık kategorileri açısından incelenecektir. Mekânın tanımı açısından mutlaklıktan, deneyim ve toplumsallığa doğru bir kaymanın gerçekleştiği ve yer kavramının öneminin arttığı gösterilecektir. Kendine özgü niteliklere sahip mekân olarak yer kavramının, insan eylemi ve bedenin hareketi bağlamında tanımlanmış olduğu öne sürülecektir.

This PhD studies what people feel, sense and experience at Kolumba Museum (2007) by Peter Zumthor. We interviewed twenty visitors with the micro-phenomenological interview method. It supports interviewees become conscious of experiences below the threshold of consciousness. They described e.g. experiences of joy, improved wellbeing and ‘‘a feeling like in nature’’, which are hardly discussed in architectural theory. They described moving experiences of becoming aware of themselves, and of being part of the place, in an intertwinement with it. We also included descriptions of our own experiences.

The findings show how skillful the architect was in allowing such experiences. They show the pertinence of Juhani Pallasmaa’s architectural thought that to be healthy, buildings need to provide nurturing unconscious and pre-reflective experiences. Recommendations are made for architectural education to engage students as experiencers, so as to better design for human need and experience.

Katilimci demokrasi ve kent konseyleri gibi yerel duzeyde hayata gecirilen yonetsel katilma uygulamalari, gunumuzde hemsehrilerin aktif bir sekilde yonetsel surece dahil olabilmesi acisindan buyuk onem tasimaktadir. Bu calismada da soz konusu oneme binaen, Turkiye’de kent konseylerinin katilimci demokrasi acisindan ne derecede basarili bir uygulama ekseninde gelisim gosterdigi anlamaya calisilacaktir. Bu amaci gerceklestirmek icin Kirsehir Kent Konseyi’nin kurumsal yapi ve isleyisine iliskin hazir verilerden (yonergeler, toplanti kararlari, internet sitesi vb.) yararlanilmistir. Bu kapsamda elde edilen bulgular, Kirsehir Kent Konseyi’nin olumlu yonde bir degisim bir degisim sureci icerisinde bulundugu oldugu ancak cozume kavusturulmasi gereken bazi sorun alanlarinin ise halen mevcut oldugu seklindedir