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Altaic Theory

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The Altaic Theory is a hypothesis in historical linguistics proposing that the Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic language families, along with the Koreanic and Japonic languages, share a common ancestral language, suggesting a genetic relationship among them. This theory remains controversial and is debated among linguists regarding its validity and the extent of the proposed connections.
lightbulbAbout this topic
The Altaic Theory is a hypothesis in historical linguistics proposing that the Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic language families, along with the Koreanic and Japonic languages, share a common ancestral language, suggesting a genetic relationship among them. This theory remains controversial and is debated among linguists regarding its validity and the extent of the proposed connections.

Key research themes

1. What geological and tectonic processes characterize the Altaid orogenic system and how do they compare to Archean orogens?

This theme investigates the geological architecture, lithological composition, and evolution of the Altaid orogenic belt within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, focusing on crustal growth, tectonic accretion, and deformation mechanisms. The research compares these Phanerozoic processes with Archean analogs to evaluate the continuity of orogenic mechanisms through deep time.

Key finding: Şengör and collaborators demonstrate that the Altaid orogenic system, comprising collages of magmatic arcs, accretionary complexes, and transcurrent fault systems, shares remarkably similar map patterns, lithological... Read more
Key finding: This study reconstructs the complex geodynamic and metallogenic history of the Great Altai region within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, highlighting the roles of multiple tectonic zones produced by subduction, basin... Read more
Key finding: Using detrital zircon geochronology, geochemistry, and field structural analysis, Choulet et al. identify that Early Paleozoic West Junggar primarily underwent oceanic subduction and arc magmatism followed by complex... Read more
Key finding: The paper distinguishes two litho-tectonic units in the Chinese Altai with different structural evolutions and metamorphic grades, constraining Early Paleozoic accretion through U-Pb zircon dating. The units experienced... Read more

2. How do archaeological and paleolithic studies in the Altai region elucidate human technological and cultural transitions during the Initial Upper Paleolithic?

Research under this theme probes early human cultural evolution in the Altai region, emphasizing the Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) as a crucial technocomplex linked with the spread of Homo sapiens. The studies examine lithic technologies, radiocarbon chronologies, and dispersal patterns, contributing to debates about the origin, timing, and regional interactions of early modern humans versus Neanderthals across Eurasia.

Key finding: Through new radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modeling, the study delineates three settlement phases at the Siberian Kara-Bom site, establishing the latest IUP phase between 43–35 ka cal BP and earlier phases starting ca. 49 ka... Read more

3. What is the current status and methodological debate surrounding the Altaic language hypothesis, especially regarding genealogical relationships and paradigmatic morphology?

This linguistic theme synthesizes the contentious hypothesis that Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Korean, and Japanese languages constitute a genetic 'Altaic' family. The works explore paradigm-based morphological evidence, analogous structures, lexical cognates, and statistical methods to either support or contest Altaic genealogical unity, addressing the persistent divide between genetic vs. areal Sprachbund explanations.

Key finding: The review critically evaluates the methodological rigor of the comprehensive etymological dictionary supporting Altaic as a genetic family, questioning both individual etymologies and the overall lexical-statistical... Read more
Key finding: Bisang theorizes that differences in morphological paradigms—such as the presence or absence of obligatory person/number marking—explain syntactic phenomena like pro-drop in diverse language families including Altaic. The... Read more
Key finding: This paper outlines the contentious status of the Altaic hypothesis among linguists, emphasizing the mismatch between specialist and general linguistic perceptions. It critiques stereotypical representations of Altaic as... Read more
Key finding: Vovin refutes prior etymological claims linking Turkic böz ('fabric') to indigenous Altaic roots extending to Japan and Korea, demonstrating that purported Altaic connections lack philological and historical linguistic... Read more

All papers in Altaic Theory

UNDER CONSTRUCTION - TOO MANY TYPOS - Please cite ONLY with permission "This is the text of an oral presentation made at the symposium "Altaique ou pas?", organized by Guillaume Jacques and Anton Antonov on 10 Dec 2011 in Paris.Part... more
Although nobody doubts today that a Ural-Altaic protolanguage is an obsolete idea there still exists some peculiar conformity between Uralic and Altaic that cannot easily be explained by simple borrowings. In this article some... more
There is an embarrassing error in the list of etymologies discussed. The Mongolian word said to be the equivalent of EAR is of course the word for NOSE, as correctly pointed out by S.A. Starostin in his rejoinder to this review.
Almost twenty years after the publication of this piece, it may be in order to insert a remark: For me, who is (albeit only due to the realities of the Latin alphabet only) listed as the main author of this paper (in fact I did little... more
There is an embarrassing error in the list of etymologies discussed. The Mongolian word said to be the equivalent of EAR is of course the word for NOSE, as correctly pointed out by S.A. Starostin in his rejoinder to this review.
It seems to be spring-time for Nostratic. The question whether the well-established and well-explored Indo-European family of languages might after all form part of a greater linguistic phylum, with relatives scattered all over Eurasia... more
This paper represents a long-needed criticism of Miller (2005) which carried over the famous discussion of Turkic böz 'fabric' in the micro-'Altaic' context even further East to Japan and Korea. I demonstrate that Miller's arguments fail... more
Paradigmatic morphology is a central and crucial concept for several branches of comparative linguistics. The observation of shared paradigms in languages which were not suspected of having a common ancestry stands at the cradle of modern... more
Por Georgeos Díaz-Montexano Nota aclaratoria: éste artículo es un apretado resumen muy simplificado para uso divulgativo. Quien desee conocer todo el proceso de desciframiento, detalles, datos, fuentes, y bibliografía, puede leer los... more
A reworked version of the author's inaugural lecture from 2009 on the occasion of his Habilitation with the venia legendi for 'Altaische Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft', now published in: Zentralasiatische Studien des Seminars für Sprach-... more
(in German): This paper was meant, and submitted, for the second volume of a Festschrift for Michael Weiers, which was expected to be published not much later than 2003 (!). While the first volume of this FS did see the light, the second... more
La Lista Swadesh de voces vascas estables resistente a la donación lingüística y lo que revela su comparación con las restantes familias de lenguas del mundo. Aún hallamos en los libros de textos universitarios y en las enciclopedias más... more
Genealogía de la Lengua ÍBERA Fono-morfotipología frecuencial de la lengua íbera, comparada con la euskérica y las principales familias de lenguas eurasiáticas1 sino-caucasianas y afrasiáticas2 Por Georgeos Díaz-Montexano Sobre la... more
Malchukov, Andrej L. / Whaley, Lindsay J. (Eds): Recent Advances in Tungusic Linguistics. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2012. VI, 279 S. 8° = Turcologica Bd. 89. Brosch. 68,00 €. ISBN 978--3--447--06532--0. Der anzuzeigende Band enthält... more
Por Georgeos Díaz-Montexano / Scientific Atlantology International Society (SAIS) / The Epigraphic Society. CONTINENS INTRODUCTIO 2 COMPARATIONES 5 PROPUESTAS 7 La hipótesis etimológica íbero-altaica. 7 La hipótesis del posible... more
Un botón íbero de bronce en forma de mano como posible evidencia epigráfica de un término Proto-Vasco Por Georgeos Díaz-Montexano, SAIS, 2015 Hipótesis interpretativa sobre un botón de bronce en forma de mano con letras ibéricas... more
Por Georgeos Díaz-Montexano / Accepted Member of The Epigraphic Society. “...con el santuario en el que está dando culto a su héroe, al héroe que abatiendo al lobo, al monstruo, ha permitido a la ciudad ocupar un terreno que antiguamente... more
Hauer, Erich: Handwörterbuch der Mandschusprache, 2., durchgesehene und erweiterte Auflage, herausgegeben von Oliver Corff, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2007XV, 536 pp. Hauers Wörterbuch, zuerst 1952-1955 in drei Lieferungen veröffentlicht,... more
ILIBEŔIA = IBERIA
¿Sería Ilibeŕia la capital de Iberia?
POR GEORGEOS DÍAZ-MONTEXANO
Hipótesis sobre una posible nueva videncia bilingüe íbero-latina, interpretable a través de las lenguas altaico-túrquicas.
Beispiel von S.M. Širokogorovs "Tungus Dictionary" . (Tunguso-Sibirica 33). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 131 S., ISBN 978-3-447-06806-2.
¿Nombre en íbero se escribía ATIN? En el nombre está la clave. Teoría Altaico/Túrquica de la lengua Íbera. Georgeos Díaz-Montexano, Scientific Atlantology International Society (SAIS) En lenguas Altaico/Túrquicas (en adelante A/T) el... more
The much discussed Altaic Theory is presented concisely in this article, starting from the work of Strahlenberg and Ramstedt. This author distinguishes – apart from Strahlenberg’s first, partially naïve observations – three evolutionary... more
IL = ‘año’, EBER = ‘luna’, BER = ‘primero’ Una antigua referencia histórica sobre los íberos y la posible filiación Túrquica/Caucasiana de la lengua Íbera. Georgeos Díaz-Montexano, Accepted Member of The Epigraphic Society (2016).... more
Georgeos Díaz-Montexano, 2015. Hipótesis interpretativa -a través de las lenguas altaicas- del término íbero BATIR, identificado por algunos de nuestros mejores expertos en lengua íbera como un posible título honorífico o dignatario, o... more
Sobre las lecturas de las secuencias grafemáticas. Un interesante símbolo grafemático en forma de flor o símbolo radiado (astral o solar) ha sido hallado en dos lugares del levante peninsular: como grafito rupestre en dos inscripciones... more
Paradigmatic morphology is a central and crucial concept for several branches of comparative linguistics. The observation of shared paradigms in languages which were not suspected of having a common ancestry stands at the cradle of modern... more
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