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Altaic Theory

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The Altaic Theory is a hypothesis in historical linguistics proposing that the Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic language families, along with the Koreanic and Japonic languages, share a common ancestral language, suggesting a genetic relationship among them. This theory remains controversial and is debated among linguists regarding its validity and the extent of the proposed connections.
lightbulbAbout this topic
The Altaic Theory is a hypothesis in historical linguistics proposing that the Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic language families, along with the Koreanic and Japonic languages, share a common ancestral language, suggesting a genetic relationship among them. This theory remains controversial and is debated among linguists regarding its validity and the extent of the proposed connections.

Key research themes

1. What geological and tectonic processes characterize the Altaid orogenic system and how do they compare to Archean orogens?

This theme investigates the geological architecture, lithological composition, and evolution of the Altaid orogenic belt within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, focusing on crustal growth, tectonic accretion, and deformation mechanisms. The research compares these Phanerozoic processes with Archean analogs to evaluate the continuity of orogenic mechanisms through deep time.

Key finding: Şengör and collaborators demonstrate that the Altaid orogenic system, comprising collages of magmatic arcs, accretionary complexes, and transcurrent fault systems, shares remarkably similar map patterns, lithological... Read more
Key finding: This study reconstructs the complex geodynamic and metallogenic history of the Great Altai region within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, highlighting the roles of multiple tectonic zones produced by subduction, basin... Read more
Key finding: Using detrital zircon geochronology, geochemistry, and field structural analysis, Choulet et al. identify that Early Paleozoic West Junggar primarily underwent oceanic subduction and arc magmatism followed by complex... Read more
Key finding: The paper distinguishes two litho-tectonic units in the Chinese Altai with different structural evolutions and metamorphic grades, constraining Early Paleozoic accretion through U-Pb zircon dating. The units experienced... Read more

2. How do archaeological and paleolithic studies in the Altai region elucidate human technological and cultural transitions during the Initial Upper Paleolithic?

Research under this theme probes early human cultural evolution in the Altai region, emphasizing the Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) as a crucial technocomplex linked with the spread of Homo sapiens. The studies examine lithic technologies, radiocarbon chronologies, and dispersal patterns, contributing to debates about the origin, timing, and regional interactions of early modern humans versus Neanderthals across Eurasia.

Key finding: Through new radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modeling, the study delineates three settlement phases at the Siberian Kara-Bom site, establishing the latest IUP phase between 43–35 ka cal BP and earlier phases starting ca. 49 ka... Read more

3. What is the current status and methodological debate surrounding the Altaic language hypothesis, especially regarding genealogical relationships and paradigmatic morphology?

This linguistic theme synthesizes the contentious hypothesis that Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Korean, and Japanese languages constitute a genetic 'Altaic' family. The works explore paradigm-based morphological evidence, analogous structures, lexical cognates, and statistical methods to either support or contest Altaic genealogical unity, addressing the persistent divide between genetic vs. areal Sprachbund explanations.

Key finding: The review critically evaluates the methodological rigor of the comprehensive etymological dictionary supporting Altaic as a genetic family, questioning both individual etymologies and the overall lexical-statistical... Read more
Key finding: Bisang theorizes that differences in morphological paradigms—such as the presence or absence of obligatory person/number marking—explain syntactic phenomena like pro-drop in diverse language families including Altaic. The... Read more
Key finding: This paper outlines the contentious status of the Altaic hypothesis among linguists, emphasizing the mismatch between specialist and general linguistic perceptions. It critiques stereotypical representations of Altaic as... Read more
Key finding: Vovin refutes prior etymological claims linking Turkic böz ('fabric') to indigenous Altaic roots extending to Japan and Korea, demonstrating that purported Altaic connections lack philological and historical linguistic... Read more

All papers in Altaic Theory

On Friday evening September 30, 2005, soon after finishing his lectures, Professor Sergei Anatol'evic# Starostin passed away at the Russian State University of the Humanities in Moscow, at the age of 52. It was a sudden death, caused by... more
Brief history of the issue The apparent self-evident location of the ancestral homeland of the Turkшc people in Altai logically led to the idea of the genetic relationship of the Mongolian and Turkic languages, which found expression in... more
The framework I present here outlines a possible migration pattern related to the expansion of Trans-Eurasian languages, aligning with Martine Robbeets triangulation model. A central factor in this proposed expansion is the spread... more
This paper is a literature review written as an assignment for Leiden University’s Summer School in Languages and Linguistics. It is not a published work.
Homeric Greek words beginning with the letter L and M and N with possible Turkic etymologies
¿Permite el método lingüístico de la léxico-estadística aplicado al léxico potencialmente comercial descartar el Euskara como lengua hermana, madre o hija del Ibero? Georgeos Díaz-Montexano, Vitalitius Accepted Member of The Epigraphic... more
Georgeos Díaz-Montexano, Vitalitius Accepted Member of The Epigraphic Society Este trabajo analiza la inscripción rupestre ibérica hallada en Ger (Girona), en particular el término "IUNSTIR", común en la epigrafía ibérica. Se propone... more
Thoughts and Observations in the Margin of Paradigm Change. In the Transeurasian languages and Beyond (Robbeets and Bisang, eds.
Ajitman Tamangs Book on Tamang-Nepali language writing system. Published in 2012 by the Indigenous District Level Coordination Committee of Makwanpur District of Nepal. In the book, there are four chapters. Chapter-1 covers an... more
1 Korece, Japonca ve Ural dilleri gibi dillerin geleneksel Altaycadan farklı olduğunu açıkça görüyorum. Nitekim, Koreceyi de Altay dillerine dahil eden Рорре (1960: 8) onu Altay dillerinin geri kalanından ayrı bir dal olarak gösterir ve... more
XVIII. yüzyılda Ural-Altay dil birliği olarak ortaya çıkan, XIX. yüzyılda Altay dilleri kuramı olarak devam eden Türk, Moğol ve Tunguz dillerine Japonca ve Korecenin de dahil edilmesiyle bu diller arasındaki genetik akrabalığı inceleyen... more
As in the case of the languages of other Turkic people in the former Soviet Union, the writing system created for Soyot is based on Cyrillic. For special Soyot phonemes, letters were created by means of diacritics. Accordingly, the... more
Bu teoriye göre, günümüzdeki pek çok dil ailesi MÖ 14-10 bin yıllarında aynı kökene dayanıyordu. 8 bin yıl önce Altay dil grubu ana gruptan ayrıldı. Fakat günümüzde pek çok leksik unsur tarihî bağların tespit edilmesine yardımcı... more
This chapter provides an overview of the typological features of the Transeurasian (Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Japonic, Koreanic) languages, including brief descriptions of the phonology and morphosyntax of these languages. Through the... more
Within linguistics, there is an ongoing debate about whether some language structures remain stable over time, which structures these are and whether they can be used to uncover the relationships between languages. However, there is no... more
Paradigmatic morphology is a central and crucial concept for several branches of comparative linguistics. The observation of shared paradigms in languages which were not suspected of having a common ancestry stands at the cradle of modern... more
Describes grammatical and other features shared by Hurrian, spoken in the Northern Middle East in the 3rd-2nd millennia B.C. and related to Urartian, and Early Turkic, first documented in the middle of the 1st millennium A.D. in present... more
Sobre las lecturas de las secuencias grafemáticas. Un interesante símbolo grafemático en forma de flor o símbolo radiado (astral o solar) ha sido hallado en dos lugares del levante peninsular: como grafito rupestre en dos inscripciones... more
This paper represents a long-needed criticism of Miller (2005) which carried over the famous discussion of Turkic böz 'fabric' in the micro-'Altaic' context even further East to Japan and Korea. I demonstrate that Miller's arguments fail... more
Por Georgeos Díaz-Montexano / Accepted Member of The Epigraphic Society. “...con el santuario en el que está dando culto a su héroe, al héroe que abatiendo al lobo, al monstruo, ha permitido a la ciudad ocupar un terreno que antiguamente... more
Por Georgeos Díaz-Montexano / Scientific Atlantology International Society (SAIS) / The Epigraphic Society. CONTINENS INTRODUCTIO 2 COMPARATIONES 5 PROPUESTAS 7 La hipótesis etimológica íbero-altaica. 7 La hipótesis del posible... more
Genealogía de la Lengua ÍBERA Fono-morfotipología frecuencial de la lengua íbera, comparada con la euskérica y las principales familias de lenguas eurasiáticas1 sino-caucasianas y afrasiáticas2 Por Georgeos Díaz-Montexano Sobre la... more
Paradigmatic morphology is a central and crucial concept for several branches of comparative linguistics. The observation of shared paradigms in languages which were not suspected of having a common ancestry stands at the cradle of modern... more
La Lista Swadesh de voces vascas estables resistente a la donación lingüística y lo que revela su comparación con las restantes familias de lenguas del mundo. Aún hallamos en los libros de textos universitarios y en las enciclopedias más... more
¿Nombre en íbero se escribía ATIN? En el nombre está la clave. Teoría Altaico/Túrquica de la lengua Íbera. Georgeos Díaz-Montexano, Scientific Atlantology International Society (SAIS) En lenguas Altaico/Túrquicas (en adelante A/T) el... more
IL = ‘año’, EBER = ‘luna’, BER = ‘primero’ Una antigua referencia histórica sobre los íberos y la posible filiación Túrquica/Caucasiana de la lengua Íbera. Georgeos Díaz-Montexano, Accepted Member of The Epigraphic Society (2016).... more
Dilin nasıl doğduğu ve konuşmanın nasıl ortaya çıktığı konusunda dil bilimciler tarafından birtakım teoriler ortaya atılmıştır. Bunlardan bazılarına göre konuşma, insanın tabiattaki sesleri taklidinden ortaya çıkmıştır. Bazılarına göre... more
A reworked version of the author's inaugural lecture from 2009 on the occasion of his Habilitation with the venia legendi for 'Altaische Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft', now published in: Zentralasiatische Studien des Seminars für Sprach-... more
This paper provides further evidence for the well-known fact that typology is meaningless for establishing genetic relationships. In fact, I demonstrate that Korean shares with various Paleosiberian languages more common typological... more
"Sobre la etimología de mizu / mina- "agua" en japonés" "About the etymology of 'mizu' / 'mina' "water" in Old Japanese" Modern Japanese mizu ( < myidu (old Japanese) < *min[a] tu (proto- Japanese) < *men[a] tu (proto-Japonic)) and... more
Un botón íbero de bronce en forma de mano como posible evidencia epigráfica de un término Proto-Vasco Por Georgeos Díaz-Montexano, SAIS, 2015 Hipótesis interpretativa sobre un botón de bronce en forma de mano con letras ibéricas... more
ILIBEŔIA = IBERIA
¿Sería Ilibeŕia la capital de Iberia?
POR GEORGEOS DÍAZ-MONTEXANO
Hipótesis sobre una posible nueva videncia bilingüe íbero-latina, interpretable a través de las lenguas altaico-túrquicas.
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