Air Pollution and Health Effects

This paper addresses the current practices of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Vietnam. It identifies difficulties, obstacles and limitations in the present system, as well as their underlying causes. On this basis, the paper proposes solutions to improve the effectiveness of MSW management in Vietnam in the near future.

Pollution in the form of air and water in the environment generates many socioeconomic problems among the humans population. Impurities are not come from regular activities but also form religious activities. Both form causes many direct and indirect medical problems in humans especially lungs diseases and gastrointestinal complications, sometime these leads to death. As nature maintain itself, it regularly rejuvenate itself time to time but due to coronavirus pandemic, lockdown of cities occurs all over the world so the people in home not on the road, the air pollution level decrease and nature has time to clear itself. Itself cleaning process of nature ultimately beneficial for us, we can survive only in healthy and clean environment not in polluted.

The lowest wildfire activity in Bolivia was in April and the highest in September, with a strong west-to-east AOD gradient. • Smoke impacted Santa Cruz due to its proximity to fire foci and lower altitude, exceeding WHO daily PM 10 limit in Jun-Sept. • Lowland wildfires had little impact on La Paz and Cochabamba; WHO daily PM 10 exceedances (36-76% of the time) were mainly local.

Semiotics of Space in the Era of Computational Logic and Digital Practices: A Contemporary Perspective aims to revisit the relationship between spatiality and meaning, examining it through the lens of computational logic and digital practices that characterize the current algorithmic era.

Investigating aerosol composition and particle dynamics in densely populated and polluted urban centers is crucial for understanding and managing urban air quality. Ahvaz, in southwestern Iran, consistently ranks among the most polluted cities globally, primarily due to high PM 10 concentrations. This study analyzes trends in suspended particle concentrations in Ahvaz over a 12-year period (2008-2019) to identify the contributions of natural and anthropogenic sources to air pollution. Diurnal, monthly, and annual variations in PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels were examined, revealing key insights into the city's pollution dynamics. Diurnal PM 10 peaks around noon (232 µg/m 3), mainly driven by natural dust sources, with minimal anthropogenic impact indicated by similar weekend and weekday concentrations (only 1.5% difference). Monthly analysis reveals significant dust activity in June and July (maximum PM 10 concentration of 388.18 µg/m 3), while higher PM 2.5 levels in winter (average 54.8 µg/m 3) are attributed to fossil fuel combustion. The PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio (mean = 0.24) highlights the dominance of coarse particles from dust events, especially in summer. The Hoffmann classification identifies 3425 dusty days in the study period, with PM 10 levels notably higher due to dust sources in southern Iraq and southwestern Iran. Seasonal wind patterns, particularly Shamal winds, facilitate dust transport, corroborated by Windrose and PM 10 rose data. The study underscores the need for regional dust suppression strategies in southern Iraq and southwestern Iran to mitigate air pollution in Ahvaz, highlighting the importance of regional cooperation.

Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the key responsibilities of city administrators and one of the effective proxies for good governance. Effective SWM mitigates adverse health and environmental impacts, conserves resources, and improves the livability of cities. However, unsustainable SWM practices, exacerbated by rapid urbanization and financial and institutional limitations, negatively impact public health and environmental sustainability. This review article assesses the human and environmental health impacts of SWM practices in the Global South cities that are the future of global urbanization. The study employs desktop research methodology based on in-depth analysis of secondary data and literature, including official documents and published articles. It finds that the commonplace SWM practices include mixing household and commercial garbage with hazardous waste during storage and handling. While waste storage is largely in old or poorly managed facilities such as storage c...

Машины, которые учатся-что это значит для обычных людей? Это реальность, которая уже меняет нашу жизнь. И это касается не только учёных и инженеров-это касается всех нас, обычных людей. это работает? начинается с данных.Машине дают огромное количество информациинапример, правила игры в шашки и миллионы сыгранных партий. Компьютер анализирует все эти данные и начинает понимать, какие ходы ведут к победе, а какие к поражению. Что удивительно-через 20 часов обучения он уже играет лучше человека, который его создал! Это как если бы вы дали ребёнку учебник по математике, а через день он стал бы профессором. Но есть и проблемы Самое слабое место таких машин-они не понимают смысла своих действий. Они видят только цель и идут к ней, не думая о последствиях. Например, если поручить машине победу в военной игре, она может добиться её любой ценой-даже если в реальности это приведёт к катастрофе. Ведь для неё не существует понятий "добро" и "зло"-только победа или поражение. Где мы с этим сталкиваемся? Такие технологии уже вокруг нас: • Умные помощники в телефоне (Алиса, Siri) • Рекомендации в соцсетях и на RuTube • Беспилотные автомобили • Системы распознавания лиц • Медицинские диагностические программы Что это значит для нас? Мы живём в удивительное время.Технологии развиваются так быстро, что иногда даже страшно. Но важно помнить: машины должны оставаться инструментами в руках людей. Как молоток-он может помочь построить дом, но может и навредить, если использовать его неправильно. Что нужно делать? • Разрабатывать правила использования ИИ • Создавать системы безопасности • Учиться понимать новые технологии • Не бояться прогресса, но и не слепо доверять машинам Вывод Самообучающиеся машины-это как огонь. Они могут согреть, накормить, дать свет. Но могут и обжечь, если обращаться с ними неосторожно. Наша задачанаучиться использовать эту силу во благо. Я обычный студент, не программист и не инженер. Но я понимаю, что эти технологии будут влиять на мою жизнь-на то, как я работаю, общаюсь, отдыхаю. Поэтому важно уже сейчас пытаться понять, что происходит, и задумываться о том, какое будущее мы хотим построить. Технологии-это не что-то далёкое и сложное. Это то, что создают люди для людей. И от нас зависит, какими они будут.

This research examines the worsening urban air pollution in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, focusing on its environmental and health consequences as well as policy and technological solutions. Rapid urbanization, high traffic density, industrial emissions, and outdated energy systems have made Tashkent one of the most polluted cities in Central Asia. The study analyzes major pollutants including particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide, which exceed WHO guidelines and significantly affect public health. Documented impacts include respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, reduced life expectancy, and an overall decline in urban quality of life.

In addition to health effects, the study highlights social and economic costs of air pollution, such as increased healthcare expenses and reduced labor productivity. The paper also reviews current policies and identifies implementation challenges. Based on global best practices, the research proposes a set of sustainable strategies: promoting renewable energy adoption, modernizing public transport, enforcing stricter emission standards, expanding urban green spaces, and increasing public awareness of environmental health risks.

This study concludes that effective mitigation of Tashkent’s air pollution requires a multi-sectoral approach combining strong political will, technological innovation, and active community engagement.

Abstract: The paper refers to the problem of pollution in an industrial area. This is a very important problem and two main targets have to be solved: assessment of pollution levels and prognosis of its evolution. Starting with several theoretical considerations and from experimental data series, the authors propose a neural model of time evolution of the air quality in this region. The values forecasted by the model are compared with the experimental ones. 1. THE FEATURES OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION PHENOMENON In all the industrialized countries the problem of pollution has become a major issue with important socio-economical connections being considered as an obstacle for the socio-economic development. We may emphasize that the natural material and resources are not inexhaustible and they should be rationalized and efficiently used for the best interest of people, the pollution representing at the same time a great risk with negative impact upon the environment and implicitly upon p...

Petroleum-powered generators are commonly used in many developing countries as an alternative to meet utility demands. Generator exhaust emission significantly contributes to air pollution, which remains a constant threat to human health due to the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons and other harmful gases. This study assessed oxidative
stress parameters in response to exhaust emission from gasoline generator engine in adult male wistar rats. Forty-eight (48) adult wistar rats weighing between 180-200g were randomly allocated to four (4) groups (A-D) of twelve (12) rats each. After the acclimatization period, the control group (A) were kept unexposed, whereas rats in groups (C-D) were
exposed daily at 2, 4, and 8-hour intervals for 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. Tissue samples were obtained at four weeks intervals. Fresh lung tissues weighing 1g were rinsed twice in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 8.0), homogenized and centrifuged at 3000 revolutions per minute for 20 min at 4°C. Supernatant levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant status (TAS) were
determined using standard protocols. The findings revealed elevated oxidant levels of MDA, NO, and H2O2, whereas SOD, GPX, GST, GSH, CAT, and TAS were significantly reduced across the exposure time points compared to the unexposed control rats (p < 0.05). The research findings revealed that exposure to emissions from gasoline generators induced oxidative stress in the exposed rats, with the extent of disruption to their oxidative balance dependent on the duration and length of exposure time.

This study analyses trends in rainfall, temperature, and humidity over a 15-year period (2006-2020) to investigate the effects of climate change on Kabul City. The Afghanistan Meteorological Department provided the data used to evaluate long-term trends and spatiotemporal variability. The findings show considerable climatic variability, with monthly rainfall generally rising but noticeably falling during the monsoon season. With the exception of the summer and monsoon seasons, when increases were noted, temperature study shows that monthly maximum temperatures are decreasing for the majority of the months. Trends in humidity indicate a steady yearly increase with noticeable seasonal variations. Two severe drought events (2007-2008 and 2016-2018) and one intermediate rainy spell (2011-2014) are highlighted in the precipitation record, highlighting the insufficiency of water resources to satisfy the demands of Kabul's rapidly expanding urban population. A negative water balance has been exacerbated by over-extraction and inappropriate water usage, which has weakened urban resilience, especially in agriculture, and increased the likelihood of water scarcity. In addition to offering insights to enable adaptation methods in Kabul's urban climate environment, the study highlights the urgency of evidence-based policies for sustainable water resource management.

Thyroid hormones serve essential functions in governing metabolism, growth, development, and numerous physiological processes throughout the human body. [1] Beyond their well-known metabolic effects, thyroid hormones critically influence multiple organ systems including the skeletal system (regulating bone formation and remodeling), reproductive system (affecting fertility and sexual development), digestive system (modulating gastrointestinal motility and absorption), cardiovascular system (controlling heart rate and contractility), and overall metabolic homeostasis (regulating energy expenditure and thermogenesis). [1] Any disruption in thyroid function can This review examines the growing body of evidence connecting exposure to air pollution with thyroid dysfunction across various populations and life stages. Recent epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic investigations increasingly identify air pollution-both particulate matter and gaseous pollutants-as a potential endocrine disruptor affecting thyroid function. Evidence suggests that airborne contaminants, especially fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅; particles with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm), may disrupt thyroid hormone balance, contribute to autoimmune thyroid conditions, and potentially increase thyroid cancer risk. Key biological mechanisms underlying these associations include oxidative stress, inflammation, direct endocrine disruption, neuroendocrine system disruption, and epigenetic alterations. Particularly susceptible populations include pregnant women, developing fetuses, children, older adults, and individuals with preexisting thyroid conditions or compromised thyroid function. This review identifies significant research gaps, including the need for enhanced exposure assessment methodologies, longitudinal studies, and investigation of component-specific effects within air pollution mixtures, particularly heavy metals. Given the essential role of thyroid hormones in metabolism, development, and numerous physiological processes, these findings carry noteworthy inferences for clinical practice and public health policy. The development of targeted interventions, improved screening protocols, and stronger air quality standards are necessary to address this emerging public health concern. Comprehensive air quality management represents a promising approach to minimize the global burden of thyroid disorders.

Air conditions during last year were environmentally friendly for the agriculture, there were not air contamination, caused by the people. Precipitations were rare, but very intensive sometimes over the limit. This is the reason for the not very rich harvest of various fruits and especially the cherries, apples and plums typical for the livelihood of the region. The reason is the associated with excessive rainfall infections and contagious diseases in fruit trees, but also the salinization of soils resulting from excessive rainfall. The soil in the region is defined as suitable for fruit crops, but excessive rainfall turns them into problematic soils, and it is necessary to take various soil protection measures and measures to increase soil fertility.

El presente documento analiza la viabilidad y el impacto de una reforma estructural de la política fiscal en Bolivia, centrada en la eliminación abrupta (o de shock) del subsidio a los hidrocarburos. Se propone la reasignación del 40 % del ahorro fiscal generado hacia un programa nacional de Transferencias Monetarias no Condicionadas (TMCs). Este análisis se fundamenta en una revisión exhaustiva de dos cuerpos de evidencia: por un lado, el estudio macroeconómico de Aliaga y Terrazas (2025) sobre los costos de postergar la reforma de subsidios en Bolivia, que concluye que un ajuste gradual prolonga la inestabilidad y aumenta los costos acumulados; y por otro, el meta-análisis bayesiano de Crosta et al. (2024) sobre 115 evaluaciones de impacto de TMCs en países de ingresos bajos y medios, que demuestra su efectividad para mejorar el bienestar de los hogares sin generar desincentivos laborales. Se argumenta que una reforma de shock, acoplada con una compensación directa y masiva, no solo es macroeconómicamente superior, sino también una estrategia políticamente viable para mitigar las resistencias de actores con poder de bloqueo, como transportistas y cooperativistas mineros. Se presenta un modelo de implementación, se cuantifican los costos y beneficios, y se delinea una estrategia para la gestión de la economía política de la reforma.

The objective of this study was to statistically analyze the concentration of pollution in the air by PM 2.5 particulate matter and vehicular traffic using a methodology based on quadrants, considering the periods of "working" and "holiday" activities in the downtown area from the port city of Tampico, Mexico. The vehicular traffic count was carried out in three hourly ranges per day for a week in each period. Moreover, an analysis of the correlation coefficient based on the Spearman method was carried out, both in the working and vacation periods, between the variables of PM 2.5 concentration and total vehicular traffic by the hourly range and by day in each quadrant. A strong to very strong correlation (0.828 ≥ r ≤ 0.960) was identified between pollutant concentration and vehicular traffic on several days and quadrants in the work period. On the other hand, in the holiday period, a weak to moderate correlation was observed on most of the days considered in this study.

This study investigated the effects of gas flaring on land, water bodies, and public health in Ekpan, Uvwie Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria. Field inventory, laboratory analyses, and surveys were conducted, including soil and water sample testing and structured questionnaires administered to 300 respondents. The research aimed to assess the nature of illnesses, soil and water conditions, particle presence in water, frequency of hospital visits, and proximity to gas flaring sites. Statistical tools, including frequency tables and Chi-square tests, were used for data analysis. Results showed that gas flaring significantly contributes to environmental degradation and adverse health impacts. Soils near flare sites exhibited acidic pH, high temperatures, and elevated levels of heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn), which decreased with distance from the flaring point. Water quality tests indicated high biochemical and chemical oxygen demand and conductivity, confirming pollution. Health issues linked to these conditions included respiratory problems, skin infections, and gastrointestinal disorders. The ecological balance, including plant and animal health, was also disrupted. Hypothesis testing confirmed a strong relationship between public awareness and perception of gas flaring's health effects, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. The study recommended urges strict enforcement of environmental laws, adoption of cleaner flaring alternatives, and regular monitoring of environmental and health conditions. It highlights the need to improve community healthcare, raise awareness, and ensure oil companies compensate and remediate affected areas. Continued research on the long-term effects of gas flaring is also recommended to inform sustainable policies in Ekpan and similar oil-producing areas.

Hvordan kan 1800-tallets stueplantekunst kaste nyt lys over forholdet mellem mennesker og planter? En plantecentreret tilgang åbner for oversete fortællinger i kunstmuseernes samlinger. Som respons på klima-og biodiversitetskrisen sættes i disse år et nyt fokus på planter i videnskab, kunst og kultur. Men hvordan kan kunstmuseernes historiske samlinger bidrage med nye perspektiver? Vi peger på en overset kilde til ny viden og formidling i form af 1800-tallets danske 'stueplantekunst', der vidner om planternes rejse ind i det danske hjem og om det indviklede liv mellem mennesker og planter inden for hjemmets rammer. Vi argumenterer for, at en interdisciplinær, plantecentreret tilgang til kunsten med en kombination af nær-og fjernlæsninger kan fremdrage oversete plantehistorier, som kan aktualisere værkerne.

Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5, with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm), represents a risk factor for human health. Many studies, regarding cancer onset and progression, correlated with the short and/or long exposition to PM2.5. This is mainly mediated by the ability of PM2.5 to reach the pulmonary alveoli by penetrating into the blood circulation. This review recapitulates the methodologies used to study PM2.5 in cellular models and the downstream effects on the main molecular pathways implicated in cancer. We report a set of data from the literature, that describe the involvement of miRNAs or long noncoding RNAs on the main biological processes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy (PI3K), cell proliferation (NFkB, STAT3), and EMT (Notch, AKT, Wnt/β-catenin) pathways. microRNAs, as well as gene expression profile, responds to air pollution environment modulating some key genes involved in epigenetic modification or in key mediators of the biological processes described below. In this review, we provide some scientific evidences about the thigh correlation between miRNAs dysregulation, PM2.5 exposition, and gene pathways involved in cancer progression.

Particulate matter exposure is linked to numerous health issues, including respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the biological mechanisms through which air pollution influences the lung-brain axis, highlighting the role of miRNAs in regulating gene pathways affected by PM. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) are identified as key modulators of cellular processes, including inflammation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and blood-brain barrier integrity. Using mice models to study these effects allows for controlled experimentation on the systemic distribution of PM across biological barriers. Among the imaging technologies, Positron Emission Tomography is the best approach to monitor the distribution and effects of PM in vivo. The research underscores the importance of miRNA profiles as potential markers for the health effects of PM exposure, suggesting that specific miRNAs could serve as early indicators of damage to the lung-brain axis.

Air pollution, both ambient and indoor, is a significant contributor to cardiovascular oxidative stress, inflammation and elevated blood pressure, a key mechanism for hypertension. Hypertension has emerged as a significant public health concern in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), including India. Previous studies have linked air pollution to hypertension in older adults, while the remaining young and middle-aged (YAMA) women (30-49 years) are also increasingly affected by hypertension due to prolonged exposure to environmental risks, particularly from cooking fuels and proximity to pollution sources. Therefore, this study investigates the association between ambient and household air pollution (HAP) with hypertension among YAMA women in India. We analysed data from the National Family Health Survey-five (NFHS-5) integrated with the PM 2.5 Grids database of NASA. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariable statistical analyses were included. The results showed that the mean PM 2.5 level was 64.34 μg/m 3 , with a 21.91% prevalence of hypertension among women in India. The logistic regression model revealed that exposure to PM 2.5 and HAP increased the likelihood of hypertension by 1.036 times (p < 0.001) and 1.025 times (p < 0.001), respectively. Other risk factors, including women's age, education, religion, caste, wealth index, self-smoking behaviour, body mass index, and diabetes, were also significantly associated with hypertension. These findings underscore the urgent need to address social and environmental determinants of hypertension burden among women. Public health policies should prioritize cleaner household energy sources and enforce stricter ambient air quality regulations in reducing the burden of hypertension and preventing cardiovascular diseases among women in India.

Air quality in Western Java is highly dynamic and shaped by environmental changes influenced by intense human activities. Aerosols-tiny particulate matter that affects air quality, weather, and climate-can be quantified using Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), which measures aerosol concentrations in the atmospheric column. This research uses spatial regression analysis to examine the spatial distribution of AOD from GEE's platform (Google Earth Engine) and its relationship with rainfall and wind patterns during both the wet and dry seasons. The findings indicate that wind speed does not significantly impact AOD values, but wind direction does affect the distribution of rainfall and AOD, likely due to the monsoon system. During the wet season (December to March), highintensity and widespread rainfall effectively cleanses the atmosphere of aerosols, leading to no significant effect on AOD (p-value > 0.05). In contrast, during the dry season, rainfall significantly influences AOD spatial patterns (p-value < 0.05). These results highlight the intricate interplay between meteorological factors and aerosol's behavior, emphasizing the seasonal variability in their interactions.

This paper compares hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFCVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) as low-emission alternatives to petrol/diesel transport, quantifies benefits for urban particulate pollution (PM2.5 / PM10) and public health, and presents a staged ROI and deployment plan for Visakhapatnam (citizen-facing and GVMC planning). It concludes with a practical citywide network design for EV chargers and hydrogen refuelling stations, phased timelines, costs, and measurable KPIs.

The organizational culture provides a foundational mechanism through which institutions operate, dictating leadership styles, communication patterns, and employee behavior in various sectors. In the public sector, given that impacting citizens' lives is done so through policies, the internal culture of government institutions assumes a greater degree of importance. Although public policy is often understood as a process largely governed by formal procedures and political agendas, the informal norms, values, and patterns of behavior that permeate public organizations hold equal sway in shaping such policies. These cultural elements determine how decisions are made, how changes are managed, and how efficiently policies are implemented. The study thus narrows the discussion of organizational culture to examine its role in determining public policy outcomes critically, from a behavioral perspective. The study will focus on how cultural norms and institutional practices influence decision-making processes and the efficacy of policies. This discussion and view are drawn from literature across disciplines involving academic journals, government documents, books, newspapers, and magazines. The paper holds that organizational culture is one of the greatest determinants of policy success or failure.

This paper aims to analyze the impact of drought on the life cycle of barge transportation. The LCA method was used to quantify the environmental impact of barge transportation services on the Madeira River/Brazil: Transportation Operation, Barge Fleet, and Waterway Infrastructure. A model for barge convoy formation was developed as a function of river water level variation. From this, the transport operation was simulated, considering the loading of grains from the Madeira River in 2021, as well as the respective fuel consumption and CO2Eq emissions. The results indicate that barge transportation is more harmful to the environment during drought, since only a convoy of nine barges is allowed to navigate, and its energy efficiency is compromised due to the longer travel time and lower loading capacity in one trip. The intense use of this barge convoy implied an increase of 22.25% in CO2Eq emissions when compared to the full river.

This research investigates the representation of Eritrean women in mass media, with a special focus on the Eritrean Profile newspaper from 1994 to 2015. The study explores how media narratives influenced societal perceptions and gender roles during and after Eritrea's armed struggle. It highlights the transition of women's portrayal from marginalization and objectification to empowered roles in politics, economy, and cultural development, particularly under the influence of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) and the National Union of Eritrean Women (NUEW). Using a qualitative research approach, the study draws on primary data from interviews and secondary data from archival materials, publications, and media reports. The feminist media theory serves as the conceptual framework to analyze gender dynamics, power structures and ideological influence embedded in media representation. The findings suggest that while the Eritrean Profile played a progressive role in highlighting women's contributions and promoting gender equality, challenges persist in achieving consistent and nuanced portrayals. The study contributes to the growing discourse on gender and media in post-conflict societies and underscores critical role of state media in national development and gender empowerment.

The study of natural coenopopulations of the rare medicinal species Rhodiola rosea is of highest relevance for conservation of this valuable plant species. Analysis of the adaptive response of the species growing under different environmental conditions is basically used to elaborate recommendations for its protection and rational use. The aim of this work was to study the anatomical and morphological features of the leaf blades of Rh. rosea growing under different environmental and coenotic conditions of the Altai Mountains. We studied the anatomical features of leaves of Rh. rosea from 7 coenopopulations (in one coenopopulation, both female and male plants were studied) and assessed the adaptive response of plants to different growing conditions by conventional methods. The values of indicators from different coenopopulations were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the correlation coefficient was calculated to estimate the correlation between different indicators. The study revealed a reserve of adaptive plasticity for Rh. rosea, which allows the species to grow under different light and water conditions. For specimens from one geographic location studied, statistically significant differences in the indicator values were fewer compared with specimens from different areas. Heliophytic and xerophytic adaptations of the studied plants varied depending on coenopopulation. The analysis of male and female Rh. rosea species from the Kurai ridge (CP 3) revealed that the most photosynthetically active layer and vascular tissue are better developed in leaves of females compared to males. It was found that Rh. rosea growing in the mountains bear shorter and thicker leaves; the thickness of integumentary tissue with cuticle increases at higher altitudes, the number of stomata and cells on integumentary tissue per epidermis unit area decreases, and the thickness of photoassimi

This study investigates the impact of urban environmental stressors on psychological wellbeing in three major Nigerian cities: Lagos, Port Harcourt, and Owerri. The research integrates quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews to capture both statistical trends and lived experiences. Quantitative methods involved structured questionnaires measuring exposure to noise pollution, air quality, overcrowding, and green space availability, alongside the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Regression analyses revealed that noise pollution, poor air quality lack of green spaces, and overcrowding significantly predicted lower psychological well-being, accounting for partly half of the variance. Qualitative analysis identified emotional strain, the importance of green space as psychological refuge, resilience through social networks, and frustration over perceived urban neglect. Gender differences emerged, with female respondents reporting

A lot of people have depression, which is a mental health problem. Recent statistics show that about 3.8% of the population, including 5% of adults, suffers from depression. Face-to-face interviews and other traditional approaches of finding out if someone is depressed have their limits and don't always work. But social media sentiment analysis could help find people who are likely to get depressed. This essay will talk about how common depression is in society, the problems with traditional ways of finding depression, the possible uses of social media for finding depression, the difficulties of using social media sentiment analysis to find depression, and how well social media sentiment analysis works for finding depression.

The concept of prosperity is often associated with economic growth and the success of a product on the market, neglecting or downplaying the impact on the environment and people according to a model that has long been considered unsustainable. What is your definition of prosperity and what do you think are the tools and approaches to develop it?

This research investigates the representation of Eritrean women in mass media, with a special focus on the Eritrean Profile newspaper from 1994 to 2015. The study explores how media narratives influenced societal perceptions and gender roles during and after Eritrea's armed struggle. It highlights the transition of women's portrayal from marginalization and objectification to empowered roles in politics, economy, and cultural development, particularly under the influence of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) and the National Union of Eritrean Women (NUEW). Using a qualitative research approach, the study draws on primary data from interviews and secondary data from archival materials, publications, and media reports. The feminist media theory serves as the conceptual framework to analyze gender dynamics, power structures and ideological influence embedded in media representation. The findings suggest that while the Eritrean Profile played a progressive role in highlighting women's contributions and promoting gender equality, challenges persist in achieving consistent and nuanced portrayals. The study contributes to the growing discourse on gender and media in post-conflict societies and underscores critical role of state media in national development and gender empowerment.

Pencemaran udara merupakan permasalahan lingkungan yang terus meningkat akibat aktivitas industri dan kendaraan bermotor, khususnya di kawasan perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas lumut kerak (lichen) sebagai bioindikator pencemaran udara di kawasan industri Kota Surabaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif melalui pengamatan langsung pada dua lokasi berbeda, yakni area industri dan area persawahan. Identifikasi dilakukan secara morfologis terhadap spesies lumut yang ditemukan di masing-masing lokasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lichen, terutama dari genus Parmelia, memiliki kemampuan beradaptasi di lingkungan dengan tingkat polusi sedang hingga tinggi. Keanekaragaman lumut lebih rendah ditemukan di area industri dibandingkan dengan area pertanian, menunjukkan bahwa lichen dapat menjadi indikator biologis yang efektif dalam mendeteksi pencemaran udara. Faktor lingkungan seperti kelembapan, suhu, dan substrat tumbuh juga memengaruhi distribusi dan respons lumut terhadap polusi. Dengan demikian, penggunaan lichen sebagai bioindikator merupakan pendekatan ekologis yang murah, ramah lingkungan, dan efisien dalam pemantauan kualitas udara.

This research investigates the representation of Eritrean women in mass media, with a special focus on the Eritrean Profile newspaper from 1994 to 2015. The study explores how media narratives influenced societal perceptions and gender roles during and after Eritrea's armed struggle. It highlights the transition of women's portrayal from marginalization and objectification to empowered roles in politics, economy, and cultural development, particularly under the influence of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) and the National Union of Eritrean Women (NUEW). Using a qualitative research approach, the study draws on primary data from interviews and secondary data from archival materials, publications, and media reports. The feminist media theory serves as the conceptual framework to analyze gender dynamics, power structures and ideological influence embedded in media representation. The findings suggest that while the Eritrean Profile played a progressive role in highlighting women's contributions and promoting gender equality, challenges persist in achieving consistent and nuanced portrayals. The study contributes to the growing discourse on gender and media in post-conflict societies and underscores critical role of state media in national development and gender empowerment.

Predicting air quality is essential for managing public health and the environment. This study looks into how well machine learning (ML) algorithms forecast air quality data and incorporates feature selection strategies for better model performance. Air pollution is one of the biggest issues facing humanity today. Every year, air pollution causes millions of deaths due to direct or indirect effects. These days, there is a critical need for effective measures to mitigate the negative impacts of air pollution. Usually, the answers to the issues with air pollution are hasty decisions that don't end up helping. It is vital to concentrate efforts on the pollutants that cause the majority of air pollution in order to create an efficient counter-strategy. In many industrial and urban regions today, monitoring and safeguarding air quality has emerged as one of the government's top priorities. The combustion of fossil fuels, traffic and weather conditions, and industrial parameters

The present state and future of the development of dimension stone mining in Slovak conditions In comparing to both ores and energetical minerals there are occurences of extremly rich non-methallics minerals on the Slovak territory. These minerals represent very large-scale sortiment with a considerable amount of verified reserves. Reserves of magnesite, salt rock, dolomite, limestone, talc, bentonite, clays and another construction minerals present many possibilities of their industrial utilization. A specific case is the mining of dimension stones such as stable ingeneous,sedimentary and metamorphic rocks that are mined in the open-pit blocks. Applicable to the production of both ingeneous stone and gross stone [3]. The open-pit mining and dimension stone processing by the both above mentioned stone productions forms are focused mainly to the external and internal building industry. Despite of the fact that the natural reserves of dimension stone are limited at the Slovak territor...

This research investigates the representation of Eritrean women in mass media, with a special focus on the Eritrean Profile newspaper from 1994 to 2015. The study explores how media narratives influenced societal perceptions and gender roles during and after Eritrea's armed struggle. It highlights the transition of women's portrayal from marginalization and objectification to empowered roles in politics, economy, and cultural development, particularly under the influence of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) and the National Union of Eritrean Women (NUEW). Using a qualitative research approach, the study draws on primary data from interviews and secondary data from archival materials, publications, and media reports. The feminist media theory serves as the conceptual framework to analyze gender dynamics, power structures and ideological influence embedded in media representation. The findings suggest that while the Eritrean Profile played a progressive role in highlighting women's contributions and promoting gender equality, challenges persist in achieving consistent and nuanced portrayals. The study contributes to the growing discourse on gender and media in post-conflict societies and underscores critical role of state media in national development and gender empowerment.

This research investigates the representation of Eritrean women in mass media, with a special focus on the Eritrean Profile newspaper from 1994 to 2015. The study explores how media narratives influenced societal perceptions and gender roles during and after Eritrea's armed struggle. It highlights the transition of women's portrayal from marginalization and objectification to empowered roles in politics, economy, and cultural development, particularly under the influence of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) and the National Union of Eritrean Women (NUEW). Using a qualitative research approach, the study draws on primary data from interviews and secondary data from archival materials, publications, and media reports. The feminist media theory serves as the conceptual framework to analyze gender dynamics, power structures and ideological influence embedded in media representation. The findings suggest that while the Eritrean Profile played a progressive role in highlighting women's contributions and promoting gender equality, challenges persist in achieving consistent and nuanced portrayals. The study contributes to the growing discourse on gender and media in post-conflict societies and underscores critical role of state media in national development and gender empowerment.

This research investigates the representation of Eritrean women in mass media, with a special focus on the Eritrean Profile newspaper from 1994 to 2015. The study explores how media narratives influenced societal perceptions and gender roles during and after Eritrea's armed struggle. It highlights the transition of women's portrayal from marginalization and objectification to empowered roles in politics, economy, and cultural development, particularly under the influence of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) and the National Union of Eritrean Women (NUEW). Using a qualitative research approach, the study draws on primary data from interviews and secondary data from archival materials, publications, and media reports. The feminist media theory serves as the conceptual framework to analyze gender dynamics, power structures and ideological influence embedded in media representation. The findings suggest that while the Eritrean Profile played a progressive role in highlighting women's contributions and promoting gender equality, challenges persist in achieving consistent and nuanced portrayals. The study contributes to the growing discourse on gender and media in post-conflict societies and underscores critical role of state media in national development and gender empowerment.

This article explores how the atmosphere may allow for collaborative connections within and across two distant places, emerging as pollution in Delhi, India, and as wind in Chubut, Argentinian Patagonia. When ethnographically situated, these two versions of air remain incommensurable and yet coexist in a dynamic planetary atmosphere. In order to make sense of our individual field sites in relation to each other and the political ramifications of air in both, we lean on contamination as the conceptual tool of influential exchange. We argue that to observe the contrasting manifestations of air, what they achieve and how they seep into each other through our work is to shed light on unequal enactments of the atmospheric.

The Gulf War and its effect on the Arabian Ecosystem (Part 3).

Reference: Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1991). The Gulf War and its effect on the Arabian Ecosystem (Part 3). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178-6288. Ninth Year, Number 25, September 1991, pp. 1-7. Publisher: Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Vulkanstraße 51, D-5300 Bonn 2 - Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. (In English and German).

Aims and Scope: Indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools is crucial, as students spend significant time in school environments in addition to their homes. Epidemiological researches have shown that indoor pollutants are linked to various health and respiratory issues. This paper focuses on investigating the indoor air quality (IAQ) in school buildings in the Argolida sector of the Peloponnese Region in Greece. Methods: The study was conducted in fourteen (14) classrooms across seven (7) school buildings in the Argolida Sector of the Peloponnese Region from March 2022 to May 2023. Physical parameters such as temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH), as well as air pollutants including Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5) were monitored using the series 500 Portable Air Quality Monitor AeroQual. Measurements were taken for one teaching

This study applied a regional air quality model, incorporated with an emission module, to quantitatively differentiate the atmospheric iron sources originating from lithogenic dusts or coal-burning fly ashes deposited in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas. Particular attention was paid to the high iron content of fly ashes emitted from steel and iron plants burning coals. Using the year 2007 as an example, the modeling results exhibit large seasonal variations in iron deposition, with highest deposition fluxes occurred during spring and autumn, which are comparable to the seasonal fluctuation of chlorophyll a concentrations estimated by satellite images in the oceanic regions. Fly ash from coal burning accounted for 7.2% of the total iron deposited over the northwestern Pacific Ocean and 15% of that over the northern South China Sea. After considering the difference of iron solubility in the aerosols, anthropogenic aerosol associated with coal burning would be the major bioavailable iron source in the surface water of the oceanic regions.

that meteorological variations contributed more to PM 2.5 IAV than emission variations. Thus, when setting policies for complying with the WHO PM 2.5-related air quality guideline levels, the highest annual PM 2.5 associated with climate extremes should be considered instead of that based on average climate conditions.

This research investigates the representation of Eritrean women in mass media, with a special focus on the Eritrean Profile newspaper from 1994 to 2015. The study explores how media narratives influenced societal perceptions and gender roles during and after Eritrea's armed struggle. It highlights the transition of women's portrayal from marginalization and objectification to empowered roles in politics, economy, and cultural development, particularly under the influence of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) and the National Union of Eritrean Women (NUEW). Using a qualitative research approach, the study draws on primary data from interviews and secondary data from archival materials, publications, and media reports. The feminist media theory serves as the conceptual framework to analyze gender dynamics, power structures and ideological influence embedded in media representation. The findings suggest that while the Eritrean Profile played a progressive role in highlighting women's contributions and promoting gender equality, challenges persist in achieving consistent and nuanced portrayals. The study contributes to the growing discourse on gender and media in post-conflict societies and underscores critical role of state media in national development and gender empowerment.

This research investigates the representation of Eritrean women in mass media, with a special focus on the Eritrean Profile newspaper from 1994 to 2015. The study explores how media narratives influenced societal perceptions and gender roles during and after Eritrea's armed struggle. It highlights the transition of women's portrayal from marginalization and objectification to empowered roles in politics, economy, and cultural development, particularly under the influence of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) and the National Union of Eritrean Women (NUEW). Using a qualitative research approach, the study draws on primary data from interviews and secondary data from archival materials, publications, and media reports. The feminist media theory serves as the conceptual framework to analyze gender dynamics, power structures and ideological influence embedded in media representation. The findings suggest that while the Eritrean Profile played a progressive role in highlighting women's contributions and promoting gender equality, challenges persist in achieving consistent and nuanced portrayals. The study contributes to the growing discourse on gender and media in post-conflict societies and underscores critical role of state media in national development and gender empowerment.

The Gulf War and its effect on the Arabian Ecosystem (Part 2).

Reference: Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1991). The Gulf War and its effect on the Arabian Ecosystem (Part 2). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178-6288. Ninth Year, Number 24, August 1991, pp. 1-10. Publisher: Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Vulkanstraße 51, D-5300 Bonn 2 - Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. (In English and German).