5-methyltetrahydrofolate

This study focused on the use of a new system, an alginate | Ɛ-poly-L-lysine| alginate |chitosan microcapsule (APACM), able to immobilize a folate-producing probiotic, Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris (LLC), which provides a new approach to the utilization of capsules and probiotics for in situ production of vitamins. LLC is able to produce 95.25 ± 26 μg•L −1 of folate, during 10 h, and was encapsulated in the APACM. APACM proved its capacity to protect LLC against the harsh conditions of a simulated digestion maintaining a viable concentration of 6 log CFU•mL −1 of LLC. A nutrients exchange capacity test, was performed using Lactobacillus plantarum UM7, a high lactic acid producer was used here to avoid false negative results. The production and release of 2 g•L −1 of lactic acid was achieved through encapsulation of L. plantarum, after 20 h. The adhesion of APACM to epithelial cells was also quantified, yielding 38% and 33% of capsules adhered to HT-29 cells and Caco-2 cells, respectively.

espanolIntroduccion: La suplementacion nutricional con DHA. 5-MTHF , DHA+5-MTHF dur ante la segunda mitad del embar azo produce efectos bioquimicos en las madres y sus recien nacidos. Material y metodos: A 153 mujeres sanas embar azadas, 18-40 anos, en SG 201, se les asigno de forma aleatoria, doble ciego , cuatro suplementos (DHA:0.5 g/dia; 5-MTHF :0.4 mg/dia; ambos o placebo). Estudiandose los AGPI -CL ligados a los fosfolipidos del plasma. Resultados: El suplementado con DHA mostro las concentr aciones mas altas de DHA y bajos indices de n- 6/n-3 y AA/DHA, en la SG:30 y en el parto. Las madres suplementadas con DHA mostr aron un incremento de DHA entre las SG 20-30, manteniendose elev adas hasta el parto. Hubo correlaciones significativ as madre-recien nacido (DHA: r:0.30, p=0.0028; AA/DHA: r:-0.43, p Discusion: Se incrementa el DHA de los fosfolipidos del plasma en la madre y su hijo , sin modificarse los niveles de AA. Los indices n-6/n-3 y AA/DHA fueron mas bajos en los grupos...

Effects of processing on the contents of five folate vitamers in quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat were analyzed using a trienzymatic extraction method followed by LC-MS/MS. Total folate (TF) content, corresponding to the sum of folic acid (FA), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and 10formyltetrahydrofolate (10-CHOTHF) expressed as folic acid equivalent, in raw quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat were 309±8.07, 228±24.2 and 153±12.4 µg/100 g dw, respectively, being dominantly 5-MTHF. Boiling and steaming reduced the TF in amaranth by 58% and 22%, respectively, whereas up to a 10-15% increase was observed in quinoa. Boiling and steaming did not significantly alter the TF content in buckwheat although significant changes were observed in some individual folate vitamers. Malting, on the other hand significantly increased TF content in amaranth by 21% (276±14.2 µg/100 g dw) and buckwheat by 27% (193±20.0 µg/100 g dw), whereas no significant change in quinoa was observed. Based on the EFSA recommendations, a portion of amaranth and quinoa (either boiled, steamed or malted) may contribute up to more than 25% of the dietary reference value for folates, whereas buckwheat may contribute only 14% when cooked and 19% when malted. Results demonstrate that quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat are good sources of folates, regardless of processing.

This study focused on the use of a new system, an alginate | Ɛ-poly-L-lysine| alginate |chitosan microcapsule (APACM), able to immobilize a folate-producing probiotic, Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris (LLC), which provides a new approach to the utilization of capsules and probiotics for in situ production of vitamins. LLC is able to produce 95.25 ± 26 μg•L −1 of folate, during 10 h, and was encapsulated in the APACM. APACM proved its capacity to protect LLC against the harsh conditions of a simulated digestion maintaining a viable concentration of 6 log CFU•mL −1 of LLC. A nutrients exchange capacity test, was performed using Lactobacillus plantarum UM7, a high lactic acid producer was used here to avoid false negative results. The production and release of 2 g•L −1 of lactic acid was achieved through encapsulation of L. plantarum, after 20 h. The adhesion of APACM to epithelial cells was also quantified, yielding 38% and 33% of capsules adhered to HT-29 cells and Caco-2 cells, respectively.

Цель: При церебральной фолатной недостаточности (ЦФН) рекомендуется избегать назначения фолиевой кислоты (ФК), поскольку в теории фолиевая кислота способна ингибировать перенос 5-метилтетрагидрофолиевой кислоты (5MTHF) через гематоликворный барьер в спинномозговую жидкость (СМЖ). Мы представляем результаты клинико-биохимического исследования двух пациентов с ЦФН, говорящие в поддержку данной гипотезы. Методы: Мы исследовали уровни 5MTHF в СМЖ и сыворотке крови у пациента с синдромом Кернса-Сейра (СКС) и у пациента, являющегося носителем гомозиготного полиморфизма C667T гена MTHFR, как перед назначением им фолата в качестве супплементации, так и в ходе получения этой терапии. Для оценки концентраций 5MTHF мы также проанализировали образцы спинномозговой жидкости и сыворотки крови, взятые у пациентов детского возраста, не получавших супплементации фолатом.

Результаты: У обоих пациентов перед началом терапии отмечались сниженные значения 5MTHF в СМЖ, и назначение фолиевой кислоты в высокой дозировке не привело к нормализации значений. При терапии фолиевой кислотой наблюдалась диссоциация между общим содержанием фолата и концентрациями 5MTHF в сыворотке, что было сочтено последствием присутствия в организме неметаболизированной фолиевой кислоты. Добавление фолиниевой кислоты не привело к улучшению сниженных показателей 5MTHF в СМЖ у пациента с синдромом Кернса-Сейра, в то время как прекращение приема фолиевой кислоты вызвало нормализацию уровней 5MTHF в СМЖ. У пациента, гомозиготного по генотипу C667T гена MTHFR, минимизация дозировки фолиевой кислоты привела к нормализации уровня 5MTHF в СМЖ и к повышению отношения «концентрация 5MTHF в спинномозговой жидкости/концентрация 5MTHF в сыворотке».

Заключение: Полученные нами результаты позволяют предположить, что избыточная супплементация фолиевой кислотой нарушила перенос 5MTHF через гематоликворный барьер. При терапии церебральной фолатной недостаточности назначение фолиниевой кислоты или 5MTHF (в случаях нарушенного синтеза 5MTHF) более предпочтительно, нежели использование фолиевой кислоты. Также представлены референсные значения концентрации 5MTHF в СМЖ, полученные при анализе данных о 600 пациентах детского возраста.

This study focused on the use of a new system, an alginate | Ɛ-poly-L-lysine| alginate |chitosan microcapsule (APACM), able to immobilize a folate-producing probiotic, Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris (LLC), which provides a new approach to the utilization of capsules and probiotics for in situ production of vitamins. LLC is able to produce 95.25 ± 26 μg•L −1 of folate, during 10 h, and was encapsulated in the APACM. APACM proved its capacity to protect LLC against the harsh conditions of a simulated digestion maintaining a viable concentration of 6 log CFU•mL −1 of LLC. A nutrients exchange capacity test, was performed using Lactobacillus plantarum UM7, a high lactic acid producer was used here to avoid false negative results. The production and release of 2 g•L −1 of lactic acid was achieved through encapsulation of L. plantarum, after 20 h. The adhesion of APACM to epithelial cells was also quantified, yielding 38% and 33% of capsules adhered to HT-29 cells and Caco-2 cells, respectively.

After diagnosis of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy in the patient, further investigations were performed to study folate transport mechanisms across the blood-brain barrier. After informed parental consent, CSF specimens were collected between 8:30 and 10:00 A.M. and analyzed for the end and intermediary metabolites of the biogenic monoamines dopamine and serotonin, pterins and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF). Simultaneously we also determined serum folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels. The presence of blocking autoantibodies against the folate receptors was investigated using previously described methods [9]. Following add-on treatment with folinic acid combined with the previously started treatment of the radical scavengers vitamin C and E and ubiquinone-10 as co-factor of the defi cient respiratory enzyme complex I, the patient was followed up for a period of 3 years.

Background and purpose: 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase is responsible for the synthesis of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF). The 677C→T mutation of 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase reduces the activity of this enzyme. The aim of this study was, first, to compare pharmacokinetic parameters of [6S]-5-MTHF and folic acid in women with the homozygous (TT) and wild-type (CC) 677C→T mutation, and second, to explore genotype differences. The metabolism of [6S]-5-MTHF and folic acid was evaluated by measuring plasma folate derivatives.

Experimental approach: Healthy females (TT, n = 16; CC, n = 8) received a single oral dose of folic acid (400 microg) and [6S]-5-MTHF (416 microg) in a randomized crossover design.

Plasma folate was measured up to 8 h after supplementation. Concentration-time-profile (area under the curve of the plasma folate concentration vs. time), maximum concentration (Cmax) and time-to-reach-maximum (tmax) were calculated.

Key results: Area under the curve of the plasma folate concentration vs. time and Cmax were significantly higher, and tmax significantly shorter for [6S]-5-MTHF compared with folic acid in both genotypes. A significant difference between the genotypes was observed for tmax after folic acid only (p < 0.05). Plasma folate consisted essentially of 5-MTHF irrespective of the folate form given. Unmetabolized folic acid in plasma occurs regularly following folic acid supplementation, but rarely with [6S]-5-MTHF.

Conclusions and implications: These data suggest that [6S]-5-MTHF increases plasma folate more effectively than folic acid irrespective of the 677C→T mutation of the 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. This natural form of folate could be an alternative to folic acid supplementation or fortification.

A high-throughput, homogeneous, fluorescence-polarization and
fluorescence-intensity assay has been developed for the measurement of
folate in fruits and vegetables. This assay is based on the competitive
displacement of the fluorescent folate ligands, Alexa-594-folate and Alexa-
660-folate from bovine milk folate-binding protein by folates in fruit and
vegetable extracts. These fluorescent ligands are employed because their
excitation and emission maxima are in regions of the spectrum with minimal
autofluorescence in many extracts. Folate-binding protein and Alexa-folate
were typically used at concentrations of 0.5μg/ml and 5nM respectively in 20μl
volumes in 384 well microplates. The assay is complete within 100 minutes.
The folate estimate is unaffected by the heterogeneity of polyglutamyl
residues which complicates the LCMS based methods of quantification. In this
assay, folic acid had an apparent affinity 2.5 fold greater than 5-
methyltetrahydrofolate; therefore it cannot be used to quantify folate when
natural and synthetic folate are both present. 5MTHF-equivalent values were
measured in broccoli (240μg/100g), strawberry (113μg/100g), white grape
(32μg/100g), orange (44μg/100g), tomato (12μg/100g), raspberry
(31μg/100g), banana (29μg/g) and Kiwifruit (36μg/100g). These data are
similar to published values. However, the assay will not detect 5-
formyltetrahydrofolate which is a significant constituent of the total folate in
lettuce, spinach, carrot and peppers.