16th Century (History)

Arts publiceerde privégegevens patiënten
Honderden inwoners Delft en Alkmaar gedupeerd

Een Alkmaarse arts heeft een vuistdikke studie gepubliceerd met een groot aantal praktijkvoorbeelden. Honderden patiënten uit Delft en Alkmaar staan hierin met naam en toenaam genoemd. Tijdens verschijning van het boek waren meerdere gedupeerden nog in leven. Niemand heeft aangifte gedaan.

Het zoveelste datalek? Alweer gegevens gehackt door criminelen? Nee hoor, dit gebeurde allemaal lang geleden in 1585. Betrokken arts was de beroemde geleerde Pieter van Foreest. Misschien noemde hij de namen van zijn patiënten om aan te tonen dat zijn praktijkvoorbeelden niet uit de duim waren gezogen. Waarschijnlijk vonden de mensen het destijds ook best hun privacy in te leveren ten bate van de wetenschap. Er volgden tenminste geen rechtszaken. Wat zijn boek vandaag voor mij zo bijzonder maakt is dat ik onverwachts op vierhonderdvijftig jaar oude medische gegevens van mijn voorouders stuit. Welke verhalen dat oplevert, lees je hier.

Ανάμεσα στους πειρατές και κουρσάρους που σημάδεψαν το Αιγαίο κατά τα χρόνια της τουρκοκρατίας ξεχωρίζει η αινιγματική μορφή του Ιωάννη Καψή (ή Κάψη), ενός Έλληνα πειρατή που κατάφερε όχι μόνο να αψηφήσει την Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, αλλά και να ιδρύσει ένα προσωρινό ανεξάρτητο κράτος στο Αρχιπέλαγος. Ο Καψής αναδείχθηκε σε σύμβολο εξέγερσης και θάρρους, σε μια εποχή κατά την οποία η πειρατεία αποτελούσε, για πολλούς υπόδουλους Έλληνες, μορφή ένοπλης αντίστασης.

arturo aragón -archivo Senda de los huertos -alfredo ureña -Carlos María lópez Fé -Pedro Casañas -archivo Instituto de estudios Giennenses -José domínguez -Fto. César, de Porcuna. Senda de los Huertos, no se responsabiliza ni se hace solidaria de las opiniones y contenido de los trabajos publicados que son de la exclusiva responsabilidad de sus autores. Senda de los Huertos, acepta gustosa toda sugerencia, crítica y colaboración que se le ofrezca, si bien no mantendrá correspondencia, ni asumirá compromiso de publicación a fecha fija, sobre trabajos o temas que no se hayan solicitado de forma expresa y concreta a sus autores.

Following the conquest, when Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque, there was speculation about whether the architectural success of this iconic Byzantine masterpiece could ever be surpassed, despite the Ottomans' deep respect for Hagia Sophia. The erection of Edirne Selimiye Mosque, which is a clear competitive enterprise and masterpiece of Ottoman Architecture designed by Sinan, who would prove his architectural genius as head of the Royal Architects, has been considered a challenge to Hagia Sophia, since Sinan claimed that Hagia Sophia was surpassed by his works in his historic manuscripts. Furthermore, under the influence of Sinan's claim, the comparison of domes of Hagia Sophia and Selimiye has captured the attention of many researchers; however, most of them could not present concrete data because of the lack of detailed measurement, deep research, and advanced technical possibilities. Consequently, this debate has remained controversial, and the discussion causes more confusion about the domes even today. In this study, the results of a comparative analysis based on precise architectural survey data obtained by laser scanning are presented for the clarification of this historic controversy. The findings demonstrate that advanced documentation technologies can play a crucial role in resolving historic architectural debates.

The pedigree of the Landry bloodline of Acadia. Through the mitochondrial X gene, we discover a Percheron woman named Anthoinette Landry.
Anthoinette came to the new French colony of Acadia with her family at the invitation of Charles de Menou d'Aulnay, an associate of Pierre Dugas de Mons and Samuel de Champlain.
Such a perilous adventure can only be led by a special breed of courageous people.
According to new genealogical research, Anthoinette, daughter of Claude de Maillé de la Tour Landry and Jehanne de Coignet du Gast, was born in 1618 in La Ventrouze, Tourouvre, in the bishopric of Chartres-sur-Orne in Perche, Normandy, where her parents were married.
When looking into parents' surnames, it becomes clear that they were members of the landed gentry of France.

Re su mo A so ci e da de por tu gue sa em ge ral tem vin do a ser pal co de mu dan ças a ní vel so ci o e co nó mi co, cul tu ral e po lí ti co nas úl ti mas dé ca das, com par ti cu lar in ten si da de a par tir de 1974. Essas mu dan ças ge ne ra li za das, de cer ta for ma pa u la ti nas mas não li ne a res, to cam o quo ti di a no dos in di ví du os, sen do pas sí ve is de cons ta ta ção quer atra vés da evo lu ção de re pre sen ta ções, quer atra vés da ob ser va ção das prá ti cas de sen vol vi das pe los agen tes so ci a is nas úl ti mas dé ca das na so ci e da de por tu gue sa. O tex to que se se gue cir cuns cre ve-se ao vi nho em con tex to so ci al e tra ta de as pec tos res pe i tan tes a re pre sen ta ções e sim bo lo gi as ine ren tes à prá ti ca ví ni ca, das qua is fa zem par te ri tu a is, ar tes, elo gi os e cul tos, pe sem em bo ra evo lu ções/re con ver sões nes te âm bi to ve ri fi ca das. Pa la vras-cha ve Vi nho do Por to, re pre sen ta ções, apro pri a ções, ri tu a is.

Πρόκειται για την επικείμενη έκδοση της διδ. διατριβής μου, με ενημέρωση βιβλιογραφική και τις απαραίτητες διορθώσεις, καθώς  και την αναμόρφωση του περιεχομένου αυτής. Επιπλέον, προσθέτω στη γενική έρευνα για το έργο των αδελφών Μόσχου και τις τοιχογραφίες δύο ακόμα μνημείων, της Θεοτόκου Γριβιτσιανής και του Αγ. Δημητρίου Αναβρυτής. Τα μνημεία αυτά τα είχα εντοπίσει ήδη στα πλαίσια της αρχικής μου έρευνας. Δίστασα όμως να τα συμπεριλάβω στο αποδιδόμενο έργο των  ζωγράφων μου για διάφορους λόγους.

incelemelerde, İspanyol kamuoyunda özellikle 1580'lerden itibaren valilerden danışmanlara, mahkeme üyelerinden din adamlarına birçok kesim tarafından yığınla muhtıra, inceleme ve mektupla Moriskoların sürgün edilmesi için yoğun bir çaba içerisine girildiği görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, sürgün sırasında gemilerinin batırılmasını, topluca öldürülmelerini ya da taş ve maden ocaklarına gönderilmelerini savunan acımasız fikir ve öneriler sunulmuştur. Sürgüne insanî değerlerin gözetilerek karşı çıkıldığı nadir durumlar olsa da karşı çıkanlar genellikle ekonomik kaygılarla aristokratlar olmuştur. Ayrıca asimilasyon politikasına devam edilmesi gerektiğinde ısrar ederek karşı çıkanların olduğu da tespit edilmektedir. Bu tartışmalar içerisinde siyasi koşulların hazır hale gelmesi, en önemlisi de Hollanda'daki isyancılarla imzalanmak zorunda olunan ateşkesin yarattığı kamuoyu baskısıyla Moriskolar 09 Nisan 1609 tarihinde duyurulan kararla toplu olarak sürgün edilmişlerdir. Sürgün kararının alınmasından sonra başta Miguel de Cervantes olmak üzere kamuoyunda birtakım suçlamalarla bu defa da kararın haklılığının savunulmasına girişilmiştir.

Christine de Léotard-Sommer : Thèse de Doctorat en Histoire de l'Art, soutenue le 11 janvier 2019 à l'Université Bordeaux-Montaigne.
Titre : « Sans Bacchus et Vénus, la Galerie se refroidit » : dispositif libérant le programme de l'intégralité du décor de la Galerie du Roi de Fontainebleau.
Cette thèse résout l'énigme du décor de la Galerie François 1er  de Fontainebleau par une solution inédite et opérationnelle, testée sur les 16 unités décoratives originelles.
Résumé de thèse en 1 page + 4 Figures reproduites + 8 tableaux de synthèse

This chapter analyses the religious and metaphysical elements within the Chronography of Gennadios Scholarios, the first Patriarch of Constantinople following its fall in 1453. Written around 1472, towards the end of his life, the work is a profound reflection on the collapse of the Byzantine world, framed by the author's conviction that this catastrophe signalled the imminent end of time. The analysis explores Scholarios's deliberate use of the chronography genre—a form of popular history aimed at a wide audience—to present a didactic and theological interpretation of events. He structures world history from Creation as a divinely guided narrative, employing a typological framework in which the destruction of ancient Jerusalem serves as a paradigm for the fall of Constantinople. Scholarios attributes the city's fate to divine punishment for the sins of its inhabitants and, most significantly, the perceived doctrinal apostasy of the Union of Florence. Furthermore, the chapter examines how Scholarios marshals metaphysical 'coincidences' and popular prophecies, such as those attributed to Leo the Wise, to argue that the empire's demise was not a random occurrence but the fulfilment of a pre-ordained and tragic destiny. Ultimately, the chapter posits that Scholarios's Chronography is a deeply eschatological text. It is rooted in the traditional Byzantine belief that their Christian empire was destined to endure until the Second Coming; therefore, its collapse is interpreted as the final, unambiguous sign of the apocalypse and the reign of the Antichrist. The work encapsulates the theological crisis and traumatic consciousness of the Greek Orthodox world in the immediate aftermath of the conquest.

António Gomes (universidade de Coimbra) e mestre Pedro Penteado (da Direcção Geral de Arquivos/Torre do Tombo). O projecto prevê a publicação de 10 volumes, tendo sido já dados à estampa os oito primeiros, este saído a lume em Abril de 2010. O volume nono tem a sua data prevista de conclusão para o primeiro semestre de 2011 e o último tomo da colecção deverá vir a público entre o final de 2011 e os primeiros meses de 2012. O grande objectivo desta iniciativa é dar a conhecer a acção das misericórdias no contexto da assistência em Portugal, desde a fundação da primitiva de Lisboa em 1498, até aos finais do século xx. Esta instituições tiveram um papel do mais alto relevo em variadíssimos planos da História de Portugal. Pela originalidade que assumiram no contexto do que foi a prática da assistência desde os alvores da época

The subject of this research focuses on an enigma, namely the two exceptional challenges of Camillo's theatre, promised to the user and the objects of its secret : becoming a genius of eloquence, and gaining access to superior knowledge.
Until this research, in order to explain these two exceptional challenges of theatre, a magical effect had been sought in the magical arts prized by 16th-century scholars, because of the powers they could give to images. The hypothesis I propose goes beyond all these logics.
It can be summarised as follows: Camillo's theatre embodied, in a wooden cabin and its decor, the concept of spiritus mundi developed by Marsilio Ficino in his De vita libri tres (1489). But Camillo completely departed from the medicine and transmutation of metals that claimed this concept in the 16th and 17th centuries.
His approach to spiritus mundi is unique both intellectually and practically: he was able to exploit its philosophical dimension very faithfully to construct his theatre and its painted images, and to use its alchemical dimension to give it a particular effect on the user placed inside it.
Beyond its operational relevance, demonstrated by its architecture and mechanism, this novel hypothesis can be supported by two different sources: L'idea del theatro written by Camillo before his death, and the perfectly contemporary décor of the François I Gallery in Fontainebleau, which references the theatre and rivals it.

Uit de bronnen over de muntslag tijdens de belegering van Maastricht in 1579 blijkt dat er drie verschillende emissies van noodmunten zijn geweest. Tijdens het beleg zou koper, het hoofdbestanddeel van deze munten, steeds schaarser zijn geworden. Dit zou zich op termijn uiten in het gebruik van steeds minder koper per nominale waarde. Deze studie laat zien dat bij elke opeenvolgende emissie de hoeveelheid metaal per stuiver verlaagd werd, van gemiddeld 3,140 ± 0,328 g bij de eerste emissie, naar 1,083 ± 0,036 g bij de tweede emissie, om bij de derde emissie wederom met bijna de helft te worden verlaagd naar 0,555 ± 0,064 g.

The sources on the coinage during the siege of Maastricht in 1579 show that there were three different issues of emergency coins. During the siege, copper, the main component of these coins, would have become increasingly scarce. Over time this would manifest itself in the use of less and less copper per nominal value. This study shows that with each subsequent issue the amount of metal per stiver was reduced from an average of 3.140 ± 0.328 g in the first issue, to 1.083 ± 0.036 g in the second one, to be reduced again by almost half to 0.555 ± 0.064 g in the third one.

Este trabalho pretende dar a conhecer ou a relembrar a existência em Lisboa de um conjunto de nascentes localizadas na zona de Alfama, cujas águas, quentes, foram no século XIX qualificadas como" águas minero-medicinais" pela então Inspecção de Águas. ...

Το κείμενο περιλαμβάνει προκαταρκτικά αποτελέσματα από μια άτυπη ποιοτική έρευνα, η οποία περιλάμβανε συμμετοχική παρατήρηση και μη δομημένες συνεντεύξεις με 9 άνδρες ηλικίας 21 έως 37 ετών που μένουν και κατάγονται από την Θεσσαλονίκη. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, η εθνογραφικού προσανατολισμού έρευνα έλαβε χώρα στον εργασιακό χώρο ενός καταστήματος νυχτερινής διασκέδασης. Τα ευρήματα έδειξαν ότι όλοι οι άνδρες του δείγματος φαίνεται ότι έχουν προβεί σε χρήση Viagra ή άλλων αντίστοιχων σκευασμάτων που κυκλοφορούν στο εμπόριο, όπως για παράδειγμα Cialis και Levitra. Οι δε λόγοι που ώθησαν τους άτυπους συμμετέχοντες στην έρευνα να καταναλώσουν τέτοια φάρμακα φαίνεται ότι δεν είχαν να κάνουν με προβλήματα στυτικής δυσλειτουργίας, αλλά κυρίως με την επιθυμία τους να διασφαλίσουν μέσω της λήψης Viagra μια όσο το δυνατότερο «καλύτερη στύση και απόδοση» στις σεξουαλικές τους επαφές.

Eine „Verfolgungsgesellschaft“ gegen Ketzer, die gar nicht existierten? Über Robert I. Moores große These zur „Persecuting Society“, ihre Weiterungen im Katharer-Revisionismus und ihre Bedeutung für die Religiöse Gewaltgeschichten, in: Religiöse Gewalt in historischer Dimension, hg. von Dorothea Weltecke, München 2025 (Schriften des Historischen Kollegs, Kolloquien 109), S. 259-297

Zünnun kelimesinin bir iskân birimine ad olarak verilmesinin dinî, idarî ve sosyo-kültürel nedenleri bulunmaktadır. Osmanlılardan önce Danişmendli ve Selçuklu idarelerinde kalmış olmasından dolayı Zünnunabad bölgesi önemli bir Türkmen havzası olarak görülebilir. İsim olarak Tanûn-özü’nden Zünnun-özü’ne geçişi de bu minvalde ele alınabilir. Her ne kadar Osmanlı öncesi dönemde kaza olduğu ifade edilse de Amasya havalisine ait ilk dönem tahrir kayıtlarında bu durumu teyit edici bilgiye rastlanılmamıştır. XV. yüzyılın sonlarından XVI. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar Zünnunabad köyleri Geldiklanabad kazasına bağlı olarak Osmanlı idaresinde yer almışlardır. Bu durum, siyasî, malî, askerî ve özellikle de sosyo-kültürel nedenlerle sık sık şekillenen idarî sınır değişikliklerine yol açmıştır. Yine özellikle mühimme kayıtlarının işaret ettiği şekliyle bölgenin kendine has coğrafî yapısı ve buradaki Kızılbaş ve eşkıya taifesinin çokluğu gibi etkenlerin, daha büyük bir idarî birim içerisinde eritilmesi gibi bir düşüncenin müstakil bir kaza teşkilini sağladığı düşünülebilir. Kazaya ait ilk derli toplu
bilgiler 1643 yılı avarız defterinde yer almaktadır. Sonrasındaki hurufat, nüfus ve temettuat defterlerinde de kaza statüsünü koruduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışma, Tanunözü çayı sahası/ havza sınırları içerisinde, bugün mevcut olan yerleşmelerin, kaynakların el verdiği ölçüde geçmişe taşınmasından ibarettir. Sivas, Tokat, Amasya, Çorum üzerinden Canik’e uzanan ulaşım ağı üzerinde yer alan Zünnunabad kazasındaki değişikliklere nelerin sebep olduğu hususu çalışmanın temel saiklerinden biri olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Tespit edilenler arasında bölgedeki Kızılbaş/Alevilerce saygı duyulan önemli bir ziyaretgâh merkezi olan Baba Zünnun türbesi ile hiç şüphesiz Elvançelebi Zaviyesi yer almaktadır. Çalışma temelde iki husus üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Bunlardan birincisi inanç, siyaset ve isyanın gölgesinde şekillenen
bir Orta Anadolu kazası olan Zünnunabad’ın uzun erimli iskân ve nüfus yapısının gözler
önüne serilmesidir. İkincisi ise daha ziyade Osmanlı arşiv kaynaklarında Alevi/Kızılbaş iskân sahalarına dair bir takip ve tespit incelemesi yapılabilir mi? şeklindeki soruya cevap olacak muhtevadan ibarettir. Bu sebeple Zünnunabad özelinde iskân ve nüfusa dayalı çalışmalarda kullanılan kaynaklar merkeze alınarak bölgedeki Alevi/Kızılbaş varlığının tespit ve takibinin mümkün olup olmadığına dair izahlara yer verilmiştir.

We are going to study the Muslim tanneries in Granada, its location and use in the Medieval time’s, and the dispute risen due to the Reyes Catolicos arrival, and the fact of not being allowed to stay whithin thewalls of the city, and its laws during the 16th and 17th Centuries. The study is based on the lawsuit over the tanneries in 1514, of the Real Chancilleria Archive in Granada.

This Article belongs to me... (Tags: Ottoman-Safavid Wars, Ottoman-Persian Wars, 1514-1520, 1505-1517, Battle of Qarahamid, Kara Hamid savaşı, Kara Hamit muharebesi, Qara-Həmid döyüşü, 1510, Sultan Selim, Shah Ismael, Battle of Chaldiran, Sunni, Shia, Battle of Diyarbakır or Diyarbekir (1510), Diyarbekir Kalesi)

В сборнике представлены материалы XIII Международной конференции «Комплексный подход в изучении Древней Руси». Центральная тема конференции -юбилейная дата: 900-летие со дня смерти Владимира Мономаха. Среди авторов статей сборника историки, археологи, историки церкви, историки литературы и языка, фольклористы, искусствоведы, изучающие историю и культуру русского Средневековья.

This study (in czech language) is concerned with a content analysis of the Introduction to the voluminous wisdom literature of Dafʿ al-hamm by the Nestorian metropolitan Elijah of Nisibis (975-1046). The study first introduces the life and work of the author under study, thanks to contemporary secondary literature. Next, it will present the entire treatise in its historical, substantive, and formal context. It then proceeds to a detailed analysis of the 88 sentences of the introduction, which present not only the meaning of the entire text but also the internal architecture of this interesting work. The study demonstrates that the Introduction constitutes the architecture of the entire work and explains the four key elements of Elijah's thought that he wove not only into the Introduction but into the entire treatise: ethics, spirituality, dialogue, and poimenics. Finally, the study reflects on the contemporary absence of historical analyses of poimenics among Arab Christians in the Middle Ages.

La période timouride, on le sait, a connu un essor culturel extraordi naire ; les chercheurs notent, en particulier, l'élargissement considérable du répertoire littéraire 1 . Le gigantesque travail de création littéraire ori ginale et de transmission par copie d'oeuvres anciennes accompli alors a de quoi impressionner. Les chercheurs ont essayé de comprendre les raisons de ce « boom » sans précédent dans la fabrication de livres manuscrits : d'abord la per sonnalité même des princes, érudits cultivés et mécènes, qui donnaient à leur entourage l'exemple du respect et de l'intérêt pour les livres ; ensuite, l'existence de liens très étroits entre des centres culturels par fois fort éloignés les uns des autres et dans des pays différents. L'essor urbain, caractéristique de cette époque tumultueuse, a également joué un grand rôle. O. F. Akimouchkine l'a magistralement démontré : ce phénomène a permis la constitution d'une couche sociale sur laquelle a pu s'appuyer la production à grande échelle de livres. Les ketâbkhâ na (ateliers de fabrication des livres) de la cour n'étaient déjà plus, à cette époque, les centres uniques de création et de copie des livres 2 . Parmi les nouveaux centres de production des livres, il y avait les khânqâh -« couvents » de derviches (soufis), lieux d'élaboration des répertoires manuscrits les plus importants. Nous sommes cependant encore loin, aujourd'hui, de comprendre l'ampleur du rôle des khân qâh dans le processus général de création des trésors culturels 3 .

RESUMEN: Durante el siglo XVI, Flandes era un conjunto de territorios también descrito en la época como Países Bajos, y junto con los diferentes estados y reinos de España, formó parte de un enorme compuesto de territorios gobernados por la dinastía de los Habsburgo. Aunque en la época existió la idea de que los flamencos y los españoles poseían una naturaleza casi opuesta, los contactos entre ambos se intensificaron a lo largo del siglo, resultando en un aumento de matrimonios mixtos entre españoles y flamencos. Los hijos de estos enlaces matrimoniales han podido jugar un papel de intermediarios en la sociedad y el mundo político en Flandes por tener a la vez la naturaleza de este país, y manteniendo en parte su origen español. Pero esta posición en la frontera entre dos naturalezas también daba lugar a conflicto, sobre todo después de estallar la rebelión en los Países Bajos. / ABSTRACT: During the sixteenth century, Flanders was a collection of territories also described at the time as the Low Countries, and together with the various states and kingdoms of Spain, it formed part of a huge composite of states ruled by the Habsburg dynasty. Although at the time there was a perception that the Flemish and the Spanish were almost opposite in nature, contacts between the two intensified throughout the century, resulting in an increase in intermarriage between Spaniards and Flemings. The offspring of these marriages were able to play an intermediary role in Flemish society and the political world by having both the nature of Flanders, while retaining part of their Spanish origin. But this position on the border between two natures also gave rise to conflict, especially after the outbreak of rebellion in the Low Countries.

RESUMEN: Dentro del panorama de estudios conectados y dialogantes entre los especialistas en los distintos territorios de la Monarquía de España se va abriendo paso una actitud que integra la historia de las Indias de manera cada vez más operativa y que además está generando semánticas como la de monarquía mestiza a modo de síntesis entre lo general y particular. Con estas perspectivas, el presente artículo analiza el contexto y la intervención del valido de Felipe III, el I duque de Lerma, como esencial en el desarrollo de los acontecimientos que posibilitaron una de las uniones hispano-indianas más afamadas del Perú, la de los marqueses de Oropesa, por su papel esencial para comprender el éxito socioeconómico de la pareja así como su trascendencia. / ABSTRACT: Within the panorama of connected studies and dialogue between specialists in the different territories of the Spanish Monarchy, an attitude is emerging that integrates the history of the Indies in an increasingly operative way and that is also generating semantics such as that of the mestizo monarchy as a synthesis between the general and the particular. With these perspectives, this article analyses the context and the intervention of Philip III's valide, the Duke of Lerma, as essential in the development of the events that made possible one of the most famous Spanish-Indian marriages in Peru, that of the Marquises of Oropesa, due to his essential role in understanding the socio-economic success of the couple as well as its transcendence.

Based on a critical reading of a pardon file initiated in 1867, following an unusual conviction for the murder of an enslaved woman, we present a case study that has a particular dynamic, as it involves a series of social and political circumstances related to the controversial maintenance of the slave institution in Cuba. Its analysisfrom a perspective situated at the intersection between microhistory and gender studiesallows us to unravel part of the functioning of the judicial system, inserting it within the complex relational practices that occurred between the colonial government, the  Esta publicación es parte del proyecto de I+D+i PID2022-140101NB-I00, financiado por MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ y «FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa».

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En este artículo se estudia la elaboración de las convenciones cartográficas sobre la toponimia marítima y su color asociado en las representaciones de la Isla Española o Santo Domingo en las cartas náuticas de la primera mitad del siglo XVI. Mediante la comparación de medio centenar de topónimos en una treintena de cartas de navegar, se evidencian los procesos de difusión, traducción y convencionalización toponímica y su escritura asociada a la tinta roja o negra. Se distinguen denominaciones de origen indígena, accidentes geográficos o alusivos a su posesión por la Monarquía Hispánica. Se analiza la pervivencia de topónimos anacrónicos o desfasados sobre los mapas, su relación con la práctica de la navegación, con determinados intereses políticos y con el desarrollo histórico y poblacional de la isla.

Это перевод на русский язык моей рецензионной статьи «Новая вокладка-ранейшыя заганы. Другая версія кнігі пра Аршанскую бітву і вайну 1512-1522 г.», опубликованной на сайте журнала Беларускі гістарычны Агляд в декабре 2023 г. https://www.belhistory.eu/archives/6795 Перевод выполнен искуственным интеллектом и затем отредактирован. Незначительные ошибки могли остаться, за что я заранее прошу у читателя прощения.

En un primer apartado aborda el problema de las instalaciones y de personal. Y en su segundo punto, la visión particular de los principales archivos de cada una de las diócesis que integran esta provincia eclesiástica. A pesar de lo mucho que se ha hecho en los archivos eclesiásticos, en el tercer apartado, ofrecemos una visión general sobre las tareas pendientes y las perspectivas de futuro: catalogación, digitalización de documentos, censos y fondos documentales de todos los archivos eclesiásticos de cada diócesis, colaboración con las autoridades, acuerdos con entidades privadas, etc.

Projekt dofinansowany ze środków budżetu państwa, przyznanych przez Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w ramach Programu Doskonała Nauka II -Wsparcie monografii naukowych Kwota dofinansowania: 42 676,00 zł Książka powstała w ramach realizacji projektów badawczych Narodowego Centrum Nauki pt. "Rewolucja militarna jako czynnik modernizacyjny skarbowości i organizacji państwa polsko-litewskiego na tle europejskim" (nr 2016/23/D/HS3/03210) i "Społeczne i gospodarcze znaczenie obozów i garnizonów wojskowych w państwie polsko-litewskim (XVI-XVIII wiek)" (nr 2018/31/B/HS3/00846

RESUMEN: En 1791 el economista italiano Saverio Scrofani publicó Tutti han torto, donde ofrecía su interpretación sobre las causas de la Revolución Francesa, de cuyos inicios había sido testigo por haber residido en París, en ambientes fisiócratas, entre 1788 y 1791. Scrofani estimaba que el detonante de la Revolución había sido la pésima situación de las finanzas y el fracaso de las reformas emprendidas por Necker, Calonne y Brienne, y restaba importancia que hubiera podido tener la Filosofía. Le respondió el jesuita español, de origen sueco, Lorenzo Ignacio Thjulen con su libro Tutti han ragione, en el que responsabilizaba a los Filósofos como principales causantes de la Revolución al difundir quimeras como Libertad, Igualdad, y Soberanía Popular. Confabulados contra la Religión, los Filósofos habían hecho posible el triunfo de la impiedad, el colapso de las leyes, y la caída del Trono. / ABSTRACT: In 1791, the Italian economist Saverio Scrofani published Tutti han torto, where he offered his interpretation of the causes of the French Revolution, the beginnings of which he had witnessed by having lived in Paris, in physiocratic environments, between 1788 and 1791. Scrofani estimated that the trigger for the Revolution had been the terrible financial situation and the failure of the reforms undertaken by Necker, Calonne and Brienne, and it diminished the importance that Philosophy could have had. The Spanish Jesuit, of Swedish origin, Lorenzo Ignacio Thjulen responded with his book Tutti han ragione, in which he held the Philosophers responsible as the main causes of the Revolution by spreading chimeras such as Freedom, Equality, and Popular Sovereignty. Conspiring against Religion, the Philosophers had made possible the triumph of impiety, the collapse of the laws, and the fall of the Throne.

Abstract. The article attempts to highlight key aspects related to the process of recovering ecclesiastical/monastic property in Cyprus on behalf of churches/monasteries, as well as its management framework after the incorporation of Cyprus into the Ottoman empire. The simultaneous approach of both sides directly involved, both the Church and the Ottoman state, allows us to have an overview of this complex issue by identifying points of conformity and violation of the land tenure regime during the second half of the 16th century. The question is examined in the light of the case study of Kykkos monastery and is primarily based on the published Ottoman archival material of the monastery itself.
Résumé. Cet article tente de mettre en lumière les principaux aspects liés au processus de récupération des biens ecclésiastiques/monastiques à Chypre au nom des églises/ monastères, ainsi que leur cadre de gestion après l’incorporation de Chypre dans l’empire ottoman. L’approche simultanée des deux parties directement concernées, l’Église et l’État ottoman, nous permet d’avoir une vue d’ensemble de cette question complexe en identifiant les points de conformité et de violation du régime foncier au cours de la seconde moitié du xvie siècle. La question est examinée à la lumière de l’étude de cas du monastère de Kykkos et est principalement basée sur les documents d’archives ottomanes publiés du monastère lui-même.

This study examines the intertwined trajectories of the Spanish College of San Clemente in Bologna and the urban elites between the late 15th and early 16th centuries, from the decline of the Bentivoglio regime to the death of Piriteo II Malvezzi. By integrating prosopographical analysis, Social Network Analysis, and geo-statistical methods, the research highlights how both scholars and local oligarchs navigated the shifting political landscape of early modern Italy. The college, initially a charitable foundation, progressively positioned itself as a key institution for producing royal administrators and for embedding Spanish influence within Bologna. In parallel, the Malvezzi family and their allies constructed a pro-Habsburg faction that capitalised on dynastic rivalries, papal alliances, and military service to the Spanish monarchy. Through formal and informal networks, these actors connected the local sphere to wider imperial circuits, securing privileges, patronage, and symbolic capital. The study demonstrates that the convergence of collegial and aristocratic strategies not only facilitated the integration of Bolognese elites into the Habsburg system but also generated a shared Hispanophile narrative that legitimised their authority. In doing so, it sheds light on the dynamics of urban power, transnational sociability, and the cultural politics of loyalty in Renaissance Italy.

By late summer 1620, the fires of the Thirty Years' War were spreading towards the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia and the provinces of Inner-Austria. Moreover, the very survival of the Habsburg Monarchy was being put to the test. In the short period between 1619 and 1620, Emperor and King Ferdinand II, as the newly elected and installed Habsburg ruler, lost both the Bohemian and Hungarian crowns due to the rebellious Bohemian and Hungarian estates. To make matters worse, Bohemians and Hungarians had joined the alliance known as the Bohemian Confederation. Ferdinand found himself in a desperate position, with his rule largely dependent on foreign support. Yet, there were lands within the Habsburg Monarchy still loyal to the House of Austria-specifically, the Catholic part of Hungary, Inner-Austrian provinces and the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia. Even though Croatia and Slavonia were part of the Realm of Saint Stephen alongside Hungary, in August 1620 they rejected Gabriel Bethlen as an elected king of Hungary unlike many members of the Hungarian aristocracy and opposed the decisions of the Hungarian Diet. Their long-standing military and political cooperation with the Inner-Austrian provinces, which had lasted for over a century, contributed to this alignment. Ferdinand II encouraged a meeting between Croatian-Slavonian and Inner-Austrian estates of the two sides in hope of arranging a viable defensive system. First, they assembled in Zagreb, where the members of the Croatian-Slavonian Diet proposed several solutions, including the establishment of a military alliance or a formal confederation with the Inner-Austrian provinces. These negotiations continued in Graz, where further deliberations were held and concrete military decisions regarding joint defence were adopted.

Nicolas-François de Vaudémont (1609-1670), kardinális és Toul püspöke, Lotaringia és Bar hercege (1634). brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by Repository of the Academy's Library 8 De la Brune 1691. 142. o. 9 Philippe-Emmanuel de Ligniville (1611-1664), IV. Károly herceg hadvezére. 10 Lotaringiai V. Károly herceg szentgotthárdi csatában játszott szerepéről lásd: Tóth 2016a.; Tóth 2016b. 11 Lásd a gyűjtemény mutatóját: État 1936. A magyar vonatkozású rész részletes bemutatása: Kont 1913. 203-241. o. 12 Lásd ehhez az intézmény honlapját: archiv es-et-patrimoine/archives-diplomatiques/ (Az utolsó megtekintés időpontja: 2017. június 16.) 13 Lásd ehhez az intézmény honlapját: bibliotheques/archives/le-service-historique-de-la-defense (Az utolsó megtekintés időpontja: 2017. június 16.