Towards OWL-based Knowledge Representation

AI*IA 2017 Advances in Artificial Intelligence

The geologic mapping process requires the organization of data according tothe general knowledge about the objects in the map, namely the geologic units, and tothe objectives of a graphic representation of such objects in a map, following some established model of geotectonic evolution. Semantics can greatly help such a process in providing a terminological base to name and classify the objects of the map and supporting the application of reasoning mechanisms for the derivation of novel properties and relations about the objects of the map. The OntoGeonous initiative has built a terminological base of geological knowledge in a machine-readable format, following the Semantic Web tenets and the Linked Data paradigm, with the construction of an appropriate data base schema that can be then filled with the objects of the map. The paper will present the conceptual model of the geologic system and how the elements of the cartographic database are classified from general definitions. Also, the paper addresses the setup of web-based services that respond to queries concerning the properties of the map elements that are not explicitly asserted in the underlying data base, but are inferred through a reasoning process.

Ontology-based annotation of images is intended to allow standard and explicit meanings to be assigned to objects and features that an observer perceives there. In practice, interpretation of images in sedimentary petrology dealing with atomic items by themselves in an ontology (such as concepts, attributes and values) is insufficient to capture higher-level semantics (e.g. evidence, findings, justifications). As a response to that problem, the paper proposes two conceptual annotation levels: atomic, and abstracted. We describe here a knowledge-based model that helps users to make their image-interpreting knowledge explicit and apply in interpretation of oil-reservoir rock images. Two concepts are specific to this work: visual chunks, which represent visual patterns of domain terms, and K-graphs, which are used to state knowledge-intensive connections between items of observed evidence and interpretations for this evidence. The essential details of the framework are not at all const...

AAAI-07 Semantic e-Science workshop, 2007

e-Science, as implemented for the study of geology with Geographic Information Systems over the Internet, has highlighted the need for standardization in the semantics of geology, and stimulated international action in this regard. This standardization is not intended to replace free thinking and expression, but to supplement it. Standardisation of these semantics is a difficult and costly exercise, which requires prototyping in order to be successful. Similarity ranking exercises provide a broadly relevant class of prototyping activity, and these are being actively pursued in a number of geologically related fields of scientific endeavour.

2015

In this note, we describe Ontoceramic, an OWL 2 ontology for cataloguing and classifying ancient ceramics. Ontoceramic has been defined through a synergic effort of computer scientists and archaeologists, by taking into account the most important papers in the field. It has been designed with the purpose of efficiently addressing significant problems concerning knowledge management about ceramics such as, for instance, classification by shape and type, and analysis of findings by their components. Ontoceramic implements CIDOC CRM, the standard ontology for describing concepts and relationships used in cultural heritage documentation, and LinkedGeoData for describing locations.

In this work we study the process of petroleum reservoir modelling as a case of study for applying ontologybased integration techniques and model annotation. A complete reservoir model gathers information resulting from several interpretations using heterogeneous representations. We propose that the different geological interpretations and representations should be annotated, for being integrated. We describe an approach based on local ontologies for the specific domains, whose concepts are mapped to a shared global ontology which contains the basic terms used in reservoir modelling.

2020

One of the main challenges in building a domain ontology is to define what are the set of relevant terms to formally define and include in the conceptual model. The goal is that the selected terms provide good coverage on the required view over the domain and represent the common shared knowledge. In this work, we combine the examination of a technical thesaurus with a corpus of scientific papers of the domain to define a set of relevant geological terms as the first step towards developing a domain ontology for Petroleum Geology. To support the decision of which terms from the thesaurus we should analyze and model first, we ranked the terms on the corpus according to an adaptation of the TF-IDF statistic. After that, domain experts analyzed the top-ranked terms and selected only those that are continuants, related to Petroleum Geology. Finally, for each term chosen by the experts, we classified them as a specialization of the GeoCore Ontology or the BFO top ontology and elaborated ...

Controlled Natural …, 2010

Abstract. OWL is the ontology language recommended by the W3C. OWL is heavily based on the knowledge representation languages called Description Logic, which provide the basic representation features of OWL. OWL also includes facilities that integrate it into the mainstream of the Web, including use of IRIs as names, XML Schema datatypes, and ontologies as Web documents, which can then import other OWL ontologies over the Web.

The natural resources in Greece are affected from global warming and human exploitation. This has motivated an increasing number of people to begin a systematic effort to avert further damage. This work proposes an ontology for the description of natural resources and climate change in order to assist this effort. The proposed model is based on OWL. The Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies. As a case study the natural resources of the region of Pella are described. The proposed representation allows the software agents in the semantic web to apply their queries in order to extract useful environmental information. Finally, an interaction among a number of different ontologies for the purpose of modeling the impact of the climate change in the sustainability of the natural resources is sketched.

2009

Ontologies are commonly used in computer science either as a reference model to support semantic interoperability, or as an artifact that should be efficiently represented to support tractable automated reasoning. This duality poses a tradeoff between expressivity and computational tractability that should be addressed in different phases of an ontology engineering process. The inadequate choice of a modeling language, disregarding the goal of each ontology engineering phase, can lead to serious problems in the deployment of the resulting model. This article discusses these issues by making use of an industrial case study in the domain of Oil and Gas. We make explicit the differences between two different representations in this domain, and highlight a number of concepts and ideas that were implicit in an original OWL-DL model and that became explicit by applying the methodological directives underlying an ontologically well-founded modeling language. Gas domain representation of a shared conceptualization, i.e., a concrete artifact representing a model of consensus within a community and a universe of discourse. Moreover, in this sense of a reference model, an ontology is primarily aimed at supporting semantic interoperability in its various forms (e.g, model integration, service interoperability, knowledge harmonization, and taxonomy alignment); (ii) secondly, the discussion regarding representation mechanisms for the construction of domain ontologies is, typically, centered on computational issues, not truly ontological ones.