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Energy Efficiency in Telecom Optical Networks

Profile image of Pulak ChowdhuryPulak Chowdhury

2010, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials

https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2011.062410.00034
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Abstract

Since the energy crisis and environmental protection are gaining increasing concerns in recent years, new research topics to devise technological solutions for energy conservation are being investigated in many scientific disciplines. Specifically, due to the rapid growth of energy consumption in ICT (Information and Communication Technologies), lot of attention is being devoted towards "green" ICT solutions. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the most relevant research activities for minimizing energy consumption in telecom networks, with a specific emphasis on those employing optical technologies. We investigate the energy-minimization opportunities enabled by optical technologies and classify the existing approaches over different network domains, namely core, metro, and access networks. A section is also devoted to describe energy-efficient solutions for some of today's important applications using optical network technology, e.g., grid computing and data centers. We provide an overview of the ongoing standardization efforts in this area. This work presents a comprehensive and timely survey on a growing field of research, as it covers most aspects of energy consumption in optical telecom networks. We aim at providing a comprehensive reference for the growing base of researchers who will work on energy efficiency of telecom networks in the upcoming years.

Figures (9)
Fig. 1. Energy consumption forecast of telecom networks [7], [8].
Fig. 1. Energy consumption forecast of telecom networks [7], [8].
Fig. 4. Metro and access networks. TYPICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION DATA OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS IN TELECOM NETWORKS. TABLE I etc.). WOBAN is a novel access architecture which consists of a wireless network at the front-end supported by an optical backhaul, and can provide high-bandwidth service. with digital TV. FTTx has different underlying technologies, such as direct fiber, shared fiber, and the most dominant one - PON (Passive Optical Network). PON is the leading choice for fiber access network de- ployment because it has only passive elements in the fiber plant (see Fig. 4). Table I reports energy consumption data for the two main network elements in a PON architecture: OLT (Optical Line Terminal), located at the CO, and ONU (Optical Network Unit), located at (or close to) the end customer. Wireless access technologies include WiFi (Wireless Fidelity), WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), and Cellular data service (such as LTE (Long Term Evolution), The importance of energy efficiency in networking has also been acknowledged by a number of new workgroups in international standards organizations. Several of them, such as ITU (International Telecommunication Union), IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), ETSI (European Telecommunication Standard Institute), TIA (Telecommuni-
Fig. 4. Metro and access networks. TYPICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION DATA OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS IN TELECOM NETWORKS. TABLE I etc.). WOBAN is a novel access architecture which consists of a wireless network at the front-end supported by an optical backhaul, and can provide high-bandwidth service. with digital TV. FTTx has different underlying technologies, such as direct fiber, shared fiber, and the most dominant one - PON (Passive Optical Network). PON is the leading choice for fiber access network de- ployment because it has only passive elements in the fiber plant (see Fig. 4). Table I reports energy consumption data for the two main network elements in a PON architecture: OLT (Optical Line Terminal), located at the CO, and ONU (Optical Network Unit), located at (or close to) the end customer. Wireless access technologies include WiFi (Wireless Fidelity), WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), and Cellular data service (such as LTE (Long Term Evolution), The importance of energy efficiency in networking has also been acknowledged by a number of new workgroups in international standards organizations. Several of them, such as ITU (International Telecommunication Union), IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), ETSI (European Telecommunication Standard Institute), TIA (Telecommuni-
Fig. 5. Parallel networks on the same fiber infrastructure.
Fig. 5. Parallel networks on the same fiber infrastructure.
length) [11]. Energy-aware traffic grooming approaches may also help to reduce the energy consumption of an optical core network. Since network equipments consume a considerable amount of energy even without any traffic flow [54] and the energy consumption of most types of switching and transmission elements depends on the traffic load to a certain extent, energy-aware traffic grooming can be an approach to optimize the energy consumed by network elements. COMPARISON OF GREENING EFFORTS IN CORE NETWORKS. TABLE II
length) [11]. Energy-aware traffic grooming approaches may also help to reduce the energy consumption of an optical core network. Since network equipments consume a considerable amount of energy even without any traffic flow [54] and the energy consumption of most types of switching and transmission elements depends on the traffic load to a certain extent, energy-aware traffic grooming can be an approach to optimize the energy consumed by network elements. COMPARISON OF GREENING EFFORTS IN CORE NETWORKS. TABLE II
Fig. 8. Grid Computing job scheduling mechanism.
Fig. 8. Grid Computing job scheduling mechanism.
Fig. 7. Network connectivity “Proxying”.
Fig. 7. Network connectivity “Proxying”.

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