Strategies for Agent-Based Negotiation in E-Trade

In this paper, a mathematical model with flexible negotiation strategies for agent based negotiations is developed which can be applied suitably in bilateral/multilateral multi-issue negotiation environments. Unlike the existing approaches for offer value computation for the negotiation issues, this model considers not only the reservation values but also the offer values proposed in the preceding negotiation round. This approach for offer value computation enables the traders to reach consensus much quicker than the existing approaches. This model considers the compelling urge of the trader in buying/selling a product based on which the reservation values are adjusted automatically at the end of the negotiation process in order to reach consensus in a deal which is otherwise not possible. The formula devised in this model to determine the concession speed of each negotiation issue handles the dynamicity of the negotiation environment and reflects the importance of each negotiation issue from the traders' perspective. The effectiveness of the proposed strategies is evaluated using various hypothetical cases representing the real-world negotiation scenarios in an e-commerce environment. The test results show that the proposed negotiation strategies are able to optimize the utility process and also improve the rate of reaching consensus in the negotiation process .

Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience, 2014

An automated negotiation environment, in which agents employ different bargaining strategies is described. During negotiation, as more information is exchanged in the negotiation rounds, the agents can change the preferences for certain attributes of the negotiation object. The multi-agent system is developed for a real estate agency business model and several use cases scenarios, using intelligent software agents, are implemented.

International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering & Research, 2017

Domain oriented negotiation is the emergent functionality of automated E-Commerce. There are several model deployed by various researcher in there automated E-Commerce model for domain oriented negotiation strategies. In this research review paper we provide a review on various negotiation models which are deployed in various domain oriented negotiation.

2000

One of the main issues in electronic commerce is the inclusion of the negotiation facilities commonly available in human client-vendor interaction in real world commerce. E-commerce negotiation processes have usually been modeled as self-interested multi-agent systems. In these systems buyers and sellers are represented by agents that have opposite demands and decide what to do on the flight, based on the available information. However, currently e-commerce systems, such as Kasbah and Magma , provide a small number of bilateral negotiation facilities. Fortunately, some general negotiation models could be at first applied to ecommerce domain. This is typically the case of Faratin's model, which can be seen as an extension of Kasbah's. In this paper, we propose an original bilateral agent negotiation model, which extends Faratin's one. We introduce various facilities, such as alternative product suggestion, ultimatum generation, local contract agreements, etc. These facilities intend to grant users with a more flexible e-commerce environment. We present our model formalization, including the knowledge base that determines agent behavior. Some empirical validation is also presented to the case of computer purchase.

International Journal of Engineering Research and, 2016

Online or E-Shopping requires a great effort of investigation to find the best deal. Although immense information is available on World Wide Web to make smart decision in shopping, however for analyzing, comparing, and making purchase decision in e-business transaction, humans are required. Most of the developed E-Commerce businesses are still based on human intelligence. To save this investigation cum effort time, we can automate this task using some software agents which will automate this e-commerce shopping. Not just automation, we can also put the negotiation capabilities into the software agent which can help us to get the best available deal. Software agents help to automate the process of buying and selling goods and services in E-Market. To enhance the shopping process agents are the useful tools and acts as a channel between traditional market and automated E-market. This paper presents usage of negotiation protocols and intelligent agent negotiation strategies which have been mentioned in literature, responsible for price negotiation. The conclusion here is to work in automating ecommerce transaction(s) using improved negotiation strategies to enhance the experience of e-business by reducing the human effort.

Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 2007

1999

Negotiation has traditionally been an important element in all types of commerce. As electronic commerce systems become generally available on the Internet, there is a need to support negotiation in the context of deal making. However, as in the physical world, the type of negotiation mechanism required is context dependent. In particular, we distinguish between the support required in the context of single deal and support required in coordinating negotiations across multiple deals.

Computers, materials & continua, 2019

We all negotiate, formally or informally, in jobs, in day today lives and outcomes of negotiations affect those processes of life. Although negotiation is an intrinsic nature of human psyche, it is very complex phenomenon to implement using computing and internet for the various purposes in E Commerce. Automation of negotiation process poses unique challenges for computer scientists and researchers, so here we study how negotiation can be modeled and analyzed mathematically, what can be different techniques and strategies or set of rules/protocols to be implemented and how they can be relevantly implemented. We are in a quest to find out how this complex process, which involves human psyche can be automated using computers and modern day technologies. Now, the quest is not only automation, looking at the research in the related field in last ten years; but it is all about finding solutions to make e-negotiation more efficient and more accurate, as well as useful in any kind of electronic trading situations. Here is an attempt to consolidate our work of last few years on automation of negotiation process; we call it as negotiation protocol on research, study as well as implementation level of negotiation automation. Overall, we are trying to give few solutions to make the automation more efficient.

InterNeg Research Papers

With the rapid growth of electronic commerce, there is growing demand and great potential for online negotiation services. However, like other dot.com companies, it is unclear whether e-negotiation services will success by providing real business value and making profit. In this paper we propose a high-level e-negotiation business model and use it to analyze key issues for the success of these services. Specifically, we focus on the value proposition of e-negotiation systems and examine it through surveying potential market segments. While previous literature asses the efficiency and effectiveness of various online negotiations support methods, this exploratory research examines the online negotiation service itself and its potential from business users' perspective. Our survey demonstrates that there is a low awareness for e-negotiation services though organizations spend large amounts on negations each year. Moving some of the traditional face to face negotiations to the Internet sphere could reduce the associated costs. In accordance with our assumptions, the benefits of e-negotiations are clear to the surveyed managers and so are the challenges. Most mangers believe that there is a great market potential for online negotiations services and that they will use it in the future as services mature. Based on the survey, we identify critical factors to the success of online negotiation services and suggest some ways to remove the hurdles and create a critical mass of users.

2003

In the last few years we have witnessed a surge of business-to-consumer and business-to-business commerce operated on the Internet. However, most current electronic commerce systems are little more than electronic catalogues that allow a user to purchase a product under predetermined and inflexible terms and conditions. We believe that in the next few years we will see a new generation of electronic commerce systems emerge, based on automated negotiation. In this paper, we identify the main parameters on which any automated negotiation depends. To show the applicability of our classification framework, we use it to categorise a representative sample of some of the most prominent negotiation models that exist in the literature.