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Engineering
Energy Engineering and Power Technology

Work and efficiency optimization of advanced gas turbine cycles

Profile image of Marcello MannaMarcello MannaProfile image of Rodolfo BontempoRodolfo Bontempo

2019, Energy Conversion and Management

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENCONMAN.2019.03.087
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30 pages

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Abstract

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of advanced gas-turbine cycles. Specifically, three cycles are investigated, that is the intercooled, the reheat, and the intercooled and reheat cycles. The internal irreversibilities, which characterise the compression and expansion processes, are taken into account through the polytropic efficiencies of the compressors and turbines. New analytical formulations for the overall and intermediate pressure-ratios which maximise the net work of the three aforemen-tioned cycles are proposed along with an order relation between these optimum pressure-ratios. Moreover, the thermal efficiency of these cycles is also analysed providing, among other findings, the ranges of the intermediate pressure-ratios returning a benefit in the thermal efficiency in comparison with the simple cycle. Finally, for the sole intercooled and reheat cycle, a novel analytical expression for the maximum point of the thermal efficiency is given. It is also shown that, for the intercooled and reheat cycle, there is a unique value of the overall pressure-ratio which simultaneously maximises the net work and the thermal efficiency. To give some quantitative information, consider a maximum to minimum cycle-temperature ratio equal to 1573/300 and a com-pressor (resp. turbine) polytropic-efficiency equal to 0.8 (resp. 0.88). The net work and the thermal efficiency are maximised by a set of overall pressure-ratios obeying an order relation. The simple, the reheat, the intercooled, and the intercooled and reheat cycles reach the maximum network (resp. thermal efficiency) for increasing values of the overall pressure-ratio, that is 8.550 (resp. 18.260), 14.950 (resp. 25.039), 20.846 (resp. 39.984), and 73.109 (resp. 73.109). The reheat cycle achieves a 34.899% (resp. 6.077%) gain in the net work (resp. thermal efficiency), while the intercooled cycle returns a 31.477% (resp. 15.970%) increment. The maximum network of the intercooled and reheat cycle exactly doubles that of the simple cycle. Finally, the maximum thermal efficiency of the intercooled and reheat cycle yields a 24.966% improvement in comparison with the simple one.

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Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 2019

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The working temperature of a gas turbine, necessary to achieve high efficiency, makes cooling of the first turbine stages unavoidable. Air and steam can be used for cooling. A model for an air-cooled gas turbine based on the work of Young and Wilcock [J.B. Young, R.C. Wilcock, ASME J. Turbomachinery 124 207-221] is implemented in Aspen TM . Simple cycle calculations with realistic parameters of current machines are made and confirm the results of Wilcock et al. [R.C. Wilcock, J.B. Young, J.H. Horlock, ASME J. Eng. Gas Turb. Power 127 -120] that increasing the turbine inlet temperature no longer means an increase in gas turbine cycle efficiency. This conclusion has important consequences for gas turbines because it breaks with the general accepted trend of increasing the TIT. An intercooled gas turbine cycle is intensively investigated, taking the turbine cooling into account. Intercooling not only lowers the work of compression, but also lowers cooling air temperatures. The major influences of the intercooling on the gas turbine cycle are mapped and explained. Optimum intercooling pressure for maximum gas turbine cycle efficiency is much lower than halfway compression. A simulation of the LMS100, the most recent gas turbine on the market from GE Energy, is made to verify the simulation methodology. The claimed intercooled cycle efficiency of 46% is confirmed. Further increasing the pressure ratio and TIT can still improve the performance of the intercooled gas turbine cycle.

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The thermodynamic analysis and parametric study of an intercooled–reheat closed-cycle gas turbine is presented in this paper, on the basis of a new (harmonic mean) isentropic exponent. An analytical expression is derived for the optimum pressure ratio and maximum non-dimensional net work output. It is found that the optimum pressure ratio and the maximum non-dimensional net work are high when the ratio of extreme temperatures of cycle (i.e. T max and T min) and isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine (i.e. ηc and ηt) are high. The theoretical results are also compared with the practical conditions of power plant.

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  • Mechanical Engineering
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  • GAS TURBINE
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  • Power Plant Engineering
  • Applied thermodynamics
  • Thermal Power Plant
  • Thermodynamic analysis
  • Applied Thermal Engineering
  • Thermal Power Plants
  • Brayton Cycle
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