Networking technologies for wide-area measurement applications

Int. J. Communication Networks and Distributed Systems, 2013

Smart grid denotes integration of all elements connected to a power grid with a communication infrastructure. In modern power systems, wide area measurement systems (WAMS) are such systems that use communication infrastructure to share their data and information. Recently, WAMS have been a new opportunity that contributes power system operators to receive and process the whole information of the system. State estimation is recognised as the basis of WAMS applications since it provides creditable data for other WAMS applications. In this study, we propose a new approach to design communication infrastructures of power systems. The designed communication infrastructure creates routing paths from installed phasor measurement units to the control centre in order to estimate system states. Simulation results confirm that, in a WAMS implementation, the price of secure, reliable and high-speed communication infrastructure of such a WAMS should be taken into account.

IET Conference Publications, 2010

The complexity of future power networks and the expected high level of uncertainties in these networks might radically affect the required security and reliability of their operation. Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) involves the use of system-wide information and the communication of selected local information to a remote location to counteract the propagation of large disturbances and reducing by this the probability of potential catastrophic blackouts. Synchronized Measurement Technology (SMT) is an important element and enabler of WAMPAC. It is expected that WAMPAC systems will in the future generally improve the reliability and security of energy production, transmission and distribution, particularly in power networks with a high level of operational uncertainties. In the paper several key protection and control applications are described and discussed. A strategy for developing a WAMPAC system in the UK is given as well.

When disturbances occur in power grid, monitoring, control and protection systems are required to stop the grid degradation, restore it to a normal state, and hence minimize their effects. However, in wide area power grid resulting from large extension and interconnection with neighbor grids, classical systems based on local independent measurements and decisions are not able to consider the overall power grid disturbances and then they are not able to avoid the blackout. The introduction of the advanced measurement and communication technologies in these systems may provide better ways to detect rapidly these disturbances and protect the overall grid from the propagation of the fast-cascading outages. Indeed, the observability of the wide area power system dynamics becomes feasible through the use of these recent developed technologies. Using wide area real-time synchro-phasor measurement system based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), different types of wide area protection, emer...

2014

As presented in Chap. 1 recent power system blackouts showed that operation of interconnected power systems with high level on operation security and stability is not achievable with limited system knowledge and monitoring only of separate interconnection patches. Secure operation of the power system can be achieved if transmission system operators (TSOs) have reliable information of the total system state. Conventional Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems provide steady, non-synchronous information of the power system with time resolution between 1 and 10 s. Conventional SCADA systems are limited to steady-state measurements and cannot be used for observing the system dynamics. The use of Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) enables power system dynamic behavior to be permanently monitored. WAMS provides time-synchronized information every 20 ms (in 50 Hz systems); each data sample is equipped with a Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) stamp. Moreover, data is synchr...

2013

The increasing demand of load without considerable increase in transmission resources has posed numerous constraints and challenges in the power system monitoring and performance. The inadequacy in transmission resources has resulted in reduced operational margins for many power systems worldwide and has led to operation of power systems closer to their stability limits and to power exchange in new patterns. The issues of deregulation trend in the industry and the requirement of better network monitoring, leads to the development of the solutions for wide area monitoring, protection and control, than the currently used methods which are mostly good for local area monitoring, protection and control. The author set the time-synchronization constraints in monitoring, protection and control of remote node for wide areas to obtain data and take decisions in timely manner, preventing catastrophic consequences. The all got its importance and because of the presence of currently used insuff...

2020

The increasing demand of load without considerable increase in transmission resources has posed numerous constraints and challenges in the power system monitoring and performance. The issues of deregulation trend in the industry and the requirement of better network monitoring, leads to the development of the solutions for wide area monitoring(WAM), protection and control, than the currently used methods which are mostly good for local area monitoring, protection and control. The purpose is to increase the overall system efficiency and reliability for all power stages via significant dependence on WAM as distributed intelligence agents with improved monitoring, protection, and control capabilities of power networks. The necessity for WAM has gained worldwide acceptance, and a number of WAM systems have been established, or initialized, in different power utilities throughout the world. This paper

2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012

With the advent of the concept of smart-grid, the power system infrastructure is being equipped with highbandwidth data communication and embedded computing infrastructure. The communication infrastructure has gained importance in the transmissions subsystems due to increasing use of the wide area measurement and monitoring using Phasor measurement units (PMUs). The amount of data collected by PMUs is large and they need to be transferred to regional and global data centers where real-time state estimation, and protection, stabilization decisions are made. As a result, having sufficient bandwidth in the communication infrastructure as well as proper delay characteristics will matter in the correct operation of these various wide area measurement system (WAMS) based control schemes. We have created a communication and power system co-simulation infrastructure called GECO which allows us to co-simulate power systems dynamics along with the communication network activities in a more realistic manner than past simulation environment. In this paper, we consider the effect of the appropriate network topology, bandwidth, delay etc. on two PMU based WAMS applications, namely All-PMU monitoring, and out-of-step protection. These experiments not only show the efficacy of the GECO framework in planning the smart grid communication infrastructure, it also provides case studies on how to go about using GECO in smart-grid design activities.

IEEE Access, 2022

To monitor network operation in real-time, power system operators have developed wide-area monitoring systems (WAMS). However, the centralized communication and information processing architecture of WAMS cannot be extended easily to distribution networks. In this aspect, a three-level distributed network monitoring architecture is proposed in this paper, concerning the dynamic analysis of transmission, primary and secondary distribution networks by exploiting measurements of ambient data and transient responses. In the proposed architecture, operators are responsible for the operation and analysis of their own grid but also can share an overview of the system performance to facilitate their operational coordination. Different online and offline applications are supported within the architecture, including small-signal, transient and frequency stability analysis as well as dynamic equivalencing and real-time inertia estimation. Measurement-based algorithms and models are proposed for each case. Finally, the performance of the developed algorithms has been tested by using a combined transmission and distribution power system model.

Energy Systems, 2012

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer-Verlag. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author's version for posting to your own website or your institution's repository. You may further deposit the accepted author's version on a funder's repository at a funder's request, provided it is not made publicly available until 12 months after publication.

2007 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'07), 2007

Reliable and efficient operation of power networks is of paramount importance. In this paper we explore communication architectures that leverage Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and fusion centers to enable robust real-time monitoring of power networks over wide areas. We examine scalability issues in data aggregation for a power network in which PMUs are attached to every bus. We argue that in power networks, the data recorded by the PMUs are spatially correlated and therefore the data admit a sparse representation in a given basis. Furthermore, the number of bits required to reconstruct the PMU data to within a given accuracy at a remote location grows sublinearly with the density of the power network. Our results are: i) the PMUs should not transmit their data to the fusion center independently or asynchronously-an intermediate data aggregation step is beneficial, and ii) if we perform data aggregation then we can add more PMUs to the network to achieve finer network monitoring without causing network congestion.