Counteracting Cybercrimes in Florida

2020

The 21 century has been characterized by massive technological innovations that have shaped the way people interact. The social, political, and economic dimensions of human life are facilitated by a digital age that has encompassed the whole world. Universally, there has been a rapid rise in the use of computers and electronic gadgets. These developments have led to significant growth in criminality, especially in cyberspace. Cybercrimes have grown progressively with perpetrators developing newer and sophisticated techniques every day. Despite the measures taken by the international community to combat the vice and mitigate its effects, cybercrimes have continued to rise alarmingly across the world. According to Cyber Security Breaches Survey of 2018, 40% of businesses worldwide have been a victim of cybercrime. The research projects that up to six trillion dollars per year could be lost in the hands of cybercriminals. This study examines the various forms of cybercrimes worldwide a...

Police Practice and Research

The world has well and truly entered the digital age where technology is ever-present and all pervasive. The development of technological innovations facilitate our everyday lives. But they also make significant contributions to criminality. Cybercrime has become a serious problem globally. The research needed to match the reality is struggling to keep up. There is a great need for more academics to get involved in cybercrime prevention and cyber security research. It is also especially important to look into this topic interdisciplinarily. The work needs not only a criminological lens, but a multitude of lenses: legal, sociological, and political, in order for us to understand the impact of cybercrime across the globe. Existing literature on cybercrime is dominantly from the global north. Since half of all internet users are located in Asia, there is a growing need to encourage academics to do cyber security and cybercrime research in the Asia-Pacific region (Broadhurst & Chang, 2013). There is still no precise and clear definition of cybercrime in academic parlance. It is sometimes called 'electronic crime,' 'computer crime,' 'computer-related crime,' 'hi-tech crime,' 'technologyenabled crime,' 'e-crime,' or 'cyberspace crime' (Chang, 2012). Grabosky (2007) classified three general forms from his exploration of legislation and the common law: crimes where the computer is used as the instrument of crime; crimes where the computer is incidental to the offense, and crimes where the computer is the target of crime. These classifications, while imperfect, are useful to our understanding of cybercrime. Another classification is that espoused by Gordon and Ford. They classified cybercrime into Type I and Type II offenses using a continuous scale. Type I cybercrime, they said, is crime which is more technical in nature (e.g. hacking) while Type II cybercrime is crime that relies more on human contact rather than technology (e.g. online gambling). However, these authors state that 'there are likely to be very few events which are purely Type I or Type II; these types represent either end of a continuum' (Gordon & Ford, 2006, p. 16). However, artificial intelligence and developments in robotics are quickly changing the technological landscape. One could argue that these phenomena could give rise to a 'Type III' cybercrime perpetrated by instruments capable of self-learning. McGuire and Dowling (2013) also developed a useful classification tool. They classify cybercrime into 'cyber-enabled' crime and 'cyber-dependent' crime. Cyber-enabled crimes are traditional crimes facilitated by the use of computers. The range of 'cyber-enabled' crimes is myriadfrom white-collar crime, such as fraudulent financial transactions, identity theft, and the theft of electronic information for commercial gain, to drug-trafficking, aberrant voyeuristic activities, harassment, stalking or other threatening behaviors. While these have always been deemed criminal activities, they are now so much easier to pursue with a computer. Cyber-dependent crimes are those crimes that cannot exist without the cyber technology. A cybercriminal can inflict massive commercial damage using the internet. In fact, it is now easier CONTACT Rick Sarre

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2014

The modern society today faces with the greatest achievements of technical and technological development, associated by rapid expansion of information technology and automation of work activities in all social life spheres. Such development in modern society has brought a large number of facilities on one side while, on the other side the presence of deliberate misuse of this technological achievement has also created a number of problems and risks towards individuals and groups in the society in general and national safety in particular. The approach how criminals (offenders) commit crimes has changed. Digital general approach has opened new opportunities for unscrupulous behavior. Millions of euros have been lost by businesses and customers from the use of computers as part of the commission of the crime. Computers and different networks can be used to attack victims or to prepare global violent acts such as terrorist particular among other. In absence of technology and trained personnel to deal with this new threat known as cybercrime, the security agencies are challenged by specialized cyber offenders which are known as hackers because apart from managing to break into state institution websites they are able to have unauthorized access to information classified as state secret and top-secret. Due to the global nature of computer crime, the general action in preventing and combating this type of crime, consists on building bridges of cooperation and coordinated action of all countries, and in this case of Kosovo in order to set international standards in the field of defense and security of information systems which standard would guarantee the success of a sustainable national perspective in combating threats from cybercrimes. In this paper, among others I will present the global aspect of cybercrime, the legal infrastructure defining cybercrimes and their forms, in, the role of security institutions in combating crime in general with particular focus on tackling cyber challenges, current threats and future threats related to cybercrimes, recommendations to combat these crimes, etc.

Handbook of Research on Threat Detection and Countermeasures in Network Security, 2015

Through commercial networks and across the Internet, there are data files, millions of images and videos, and trillions of messages flow each day to drive the world economy. This vast electronic infrastructure is what our nation depends on. To commit crime by using a computer and communication to forge a person's identity, illegal imports or malicious programs, the computer here is used as an object or subject for the cybercrime. Most of the online activities are vulnerable to intrusion and can compromise personal safety just as effectively as common everyday crimes. This chapter concentrates on explaining and discussing the terms of cyber security, cybercrimes, and cyber-attacks. A history for each term has been given and the problems of cyber security have been discussed. Finally, a proposed solution has been suggested and future trends have been forecasted, and at the end of the chapter a conclusion will be given.

International Journal of Cybersecurity Studies, 2024

In the modern digital era, cybercrime has become a global menace that poses serious difficulties for governments, corporations, and individuals alike. Information and communication technology's rapid advancement has transformed many facets of society and revealed cyberspace's weaknesses, which has drawn malevolent actors to the area. This essay explores the global reaction to cybercrime, emphasizing crucial concerns that must be addressed in order to successfully counter this worldwide threat. The study identifies crucial areas for improvement, such as the definition of cybercrimes, the establishment of sanctions, improved cooperation among domestic authorities, and harmonized jurisdictional criteria, through an analysis of current legal frameworks and international cooperation mechanisms. The study also emphasizes how crucial it is to include the private sector—especially technology companies—in initiatives to effectively combat cyberthreats. In view of the interconnectedness of the 21st century, this research emphasizes the need for international cooperation and law as a means of combating cybercrime and preserving the integrity of cyberspace.

The global community is filled with uncertainties and constant threats of cybercrime, global economic collapse, social and economic insecurity. The evolving issue of cybersecurity will soon have far reaching economic consequences on our connected global society. Leaders of developed and developing nations must be prepared to launch protective plan of action against perpetrators of cybersecurity attacks. In the past, regular mail systems and fax machines were used for data and documents transmission and Radio network was used for local, national and international communications. Today, the culture of high definition television, broadbanddirect connection, electronic mails, Internet access, and cyber technology has taken over the global transmission and communication operations. Cyber-technology is progressing at an overwhelming pace, posing an ever-present danger to all segments of innocent global populaces. Current researchers, such as Rejesh, ), Shinder (2008 recommends the creation of global collaborative partnership (GCP) to provide strategies and commanding directives to provide stable security for vulnerable global residents. The Paris and San Bernardino attacks on innocent citizens are a forewarning to leaders of developed and developing nations to create cyber security-savvy workforces to prevent future tragedies. As a part of GCP ground strategy, software developers must develop preemptive built-in capabilities to deter cybercriminals.Cyber-crime is affecting the physical existence of innocent citizens of the global society and it is a devastating threat. In isolation, individuals, government agencies, corporate organizations, financial institutions and higher education systems are vulnerable to cybercriminals. The most credible and reliable techniques to defeat perpetrators of cybercrime today and tomorrow, must include the implementation of a united front to work together through trust, dedication and commitment. The threats of cybersecurity are penetrating all segments of world organizations and educational settings. The culture of the education enterprise is the exchange of ideas, values, beliefs, cultural backgrounds, instruction and learning process. Presidents, vice-chancellors, professors, instructors, allied educators are strongly encouraged to create plan of action to protect vital data, information and infrastructure of the entire educational facilities from cyber-attacks. The unforeseen incidences in Paris, France and San Bernardino, in California, United States is an enduring development and a commanding steps empowering national and higher education leaders, professors, instructors and allied educators to implement a well-structured plan of action, effective security measures and workforces to dismantle perpetrators' malicious intent to destroy the entire institutions of human civilization.

This paper examines how the International Community has attempted to address cybercriminal activity. It shows how the Information Revolution has established an environment within which cybercrime has been allowed to flourish. It highlights how, globally, an abundance of opportunities and targets, motivated offenders and an absence of effective deterrence or defenders, has driven cybercrime to its current scale - estimated to extract close to 1% of global GDP. With the context for cybercriminal activity established, eight significant international instruments are examined to investigate how the International Community has reacted to the transnational issue of cybercrime – with an assessment provided on their strengths and weaknesses. These include: the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the Group of Eight, the International Telecommunications Union, the Council of Europe, the European Union, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the League of Arab States, and the African Union. Through analysis of these eight instruments, an appraisal is made of the effectiveness of international action undertaken. This dissertation concludes that, despite some commendable efforts seen in regional organisations, the International Community has failed to address the underlying drivers of cybercrime.

Horizons in Humanities and Social Sciences: An International Refereed Journal, 2016

2013

Over the past ten years, crime (traditionally based in the world of physical entity) has been increasingly making its way into the world of information. Crime is evolving; since the days when goods were transported by stagecoach, robbery has changed to keep up, even to our modern-day equivalentcredit and debit cards. Internet credit card number theft has become a well-recognized danger. The most common forms of computer crime reported to Inter-GOV include child pornography, fraud, and e-mail abuse. Even more disturbing are new forms of cyber-terrorism made possible by the large amount of the physical machinery now operated by computers. In this article, after attempting to define computer crime, we examine the types that have been committed in the past, and the new types likely to appear in the future. We also examined the difficulty in detecting and measuring computer crime, methods for attempting to prosecute or prevent such crimes, and the effectiveness of these measures. This ar...

International Journal of Computers Communications & Control, 2012

Cyber-attacks can significantly hurt an organization's IT environment, leading to serious operational disruptions, from simply damaging the first layers of IT security up to identity theft, data leakage and breaking down networks. Moreover, the dangers through which current cybercrimes practices affect organizations present a tendency of developing more rapidly that decision makers can assess them and find countermeasures. Because cyber threats are somewhat new thus a critical source of risks, within the context of the constantly changing IT environments (e.g. cloud services integration) organizations may not effectively implement and manage cyber threat risk assessment processes. This paper highlights the importance of designing effective security strategies and proactively addressing cybercrime issues as key elements within the organizational risk management approaches. Malware rises constantly in impact and complexity and has surpassed the traditional security model. One of the main ideas of the study is to present the main areas of risks related to cyber security to which an organization is subject to and provide a baseline of an analysis model that would adequately evaluate input data, rank priorities and represent the results and solutions to decrease these risks. The importance of this study is to increase awareness efforts and to highlight the critical importance of using the full extent of resources provided. Each member of an organization has a significant role in decreasing the exposure to the vulnerabilities created by cyber-attacks.