Representation functions, Sidon sets and bases
2007, Acta Arithmetica
Abstract
Helou (Media, PA) and J. Pihko (Helsinki) 1. Introduction. Given a subset A of N = {0, 1, 2,. . .} and a positive integer h, the h-representation function by A is the function which to each integer n ≥ 0 associates the number r h (A, n) of h-tuples of elements of A whose sum is equal to n. The study of such functions, their properties and their characterizations are the focus of much attention in additive number theory. In particular, they are used to study some important notions such as that of basis. The set A is called an h-basis (resp. an asymptotic h-basis) of N if every integer n ≥ 0 (resp. every sufficiently large integer n) is the sum of h elements of A. The set A is called a Sidon set if all the sums a + b, with a, b ∈ A and a ≤ b, are distinct, i.e. if r 2 (A, n) ≤ 2 for all integers n ≥ 0. An open problem due to P. Erdős, A. Sárközy and V. T. Sós [1] asks if there exists a Sidon set which is an asymptotic 3-basis of N. This problem was mistakenly presented in [3] as asking if a Sidon set can be an asymptotic 2-basis of N. Even though the negative answer to the latter question is an easy consequence of some well-known properties, it is not extant in published explicit form, and it would therefore not be without interest to give a proof using some new ideas. In this paper, we give some new properties of the 2-representation function of an infinite subset A of N, of intrinsic interest. We then apply them to give a simple proof of the fact that a Sidon set cannot be an asymptotic 2-basis of N. We then turn to the real open problem of the existence of a Sidon set which is an asymptotic 3-basis of N, and we provide a partial answer by proving that a Sidon set cannot be a 3-basis of N. We also give an algorithm for finding, if any exists, a Sidon set A such that, from a specific point on, every integer is the sum of three elements of A.
References (4)
- P. Erdős, A. Sárközy and V. T. Sós, On additive properties of general sequences, Discrete Math. 136 (1994), 75-99.
- P. Erdős and P. Turán, On a problem of Sidon in additive number theory, and on some related problems, J. London Math. Soc. 16 (1941), 212-215.
- A. Sárközy, Unsolved problems in number theory, Period. Math. Hungar. 42 (2001), 17-35.
- Université Jean Monnet 23 rue Michelon 42023 St-Etienne, France E-mail: grekos@univ-st-etienne.fr Penn State University 25 Yearsley Mill Rd. Media, PA 19063, U.S.A. E-mail: cxh22@psu.edu