Education

both positive and negative implications and effects on the circumstances under which Africa continued as a nation, divided and under the rule of different European nations. One man, Edward Wilmot Blyden, represents and encapsulates, on the whole, a positive use of African nationalism that benefitted Africa and its people in relation to how they were handling, understanding, and coming to terms with colonial imposition following the partition.

A large-scale field intervention study was undertaken to examine the effects of office ergonomics training coupled with a highly adjustable chair on office workers' knowledge and musculoskeletal risks. Office workers were assigned to one of three study groups: a group receiving the training and adjustable chair (n ¼ 96), a training-only group (n ¼ 63), and a control group (n ¼ 57). The office ergonomics training program was created using an instructional systems design model. A pre/post-training knowledge test was administered to all those who attended the training. Body postures and workstation set-ups were observed before and after the intervention. Perceived control over the physical work environment was higher for both intervention groups as compared to workers in the control group. A significant increase in overall ergonomic knowledge was observed for the intervention groups. Both intervention groups exhibited higher level behavioral translation and had lower musculoskeletal risk than the control group. r

Study Design. Office workers invited and agreeing to participate were assigned to one of three study groups: a group receiving a highly adjustable chair with office ergonomics training, a training-only group, and a control group receiving the training at the end of the study.

Objective: Examine the effects of two office ergonomics interventions in reducing visual symptoms at a private sector worksite. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design evaluated the effects of a highly adjustable chair with office ergonomics training intervention (CWT group) and the training only (TO group) compared with no intervention (CO group). Data collection occurred 2 and 1 month(s) pre-intervention and 2, 6 and 12 months post-intervention. During each data collection period, a work environment and health questionnaire (covariates) and daily health diary (outcomes) were completed. Multilevel statistical models tested hypotheses. Results: Both the training only intervention (p < 0.001) and the chair with training intervention (p ¼ 0.01) reduced visual symptoms after 12 months. Conclusion: The office ergonomics training alone and coupled with a highly adjustable chair reduced visual symptoms. In replicating results from a public sector worksite at a private sector worksite the external validity of the interventions is strengthened, thus broadening its generalizability.

Examine the effect of a multi-component office ergonomics intervention on visual symptom reductions.Office workers were assigned to either a group receiving a highly adjustable chair with office ergonomics training (CWT), a training-only group (TO) or a control group (C). A work environment and health questionnaire was administered 2 and 1 month(s) pre-intervention and 3, 6, and 12 months post-intervention. Multi-level statistical models tested hypotheses.The CWT intervention lowered daily visual symptoms (p < 0.01) post-intervention. The TO group did not significantly differ from the control group. The CWT group differed significantly from the TO group (p = 0.01) post-intervention.Workers who received a highly adjustable chair and office ergonomics training had reduced visual symptoms and the effect was maintained through twelve months post-intervention. The lack of a training-only group effect supports implementing training in conjunction with the highly adjustable chair to reduce visual symptoms.► There remains little intervention research on how to improve visual health. ► A highly adjustable chair with an office ergonomics training reduced visual symptoms. ► Symptom reduction was maintained through 12 months of follow-up. ► Office ergonomics training alone did not reduce visual symptoms. ► There is a need for replication studies.

Study Design. Office workers invited and agreeing to participate were assigned to one of three study groups: a group receiving a highly adjustable chair with office ergonomics training, a training-only group, and a control group receiving the training at the end of the study.