Business Administration

China is a country where a one-party regime maintains tight censorship over traditional media and the relative freedom of expression available via Chinese social media, particularly Weibo (the Chinese equivalent of Twitter), has made it a powerful

The aim of this paper is to analyse the patterns of R&D impact on the financial value of the company. The first part focuses on the previous findings in the existing literature and the relationships between R&D and earnings, operational performance, revenue growth, market value and stock market, at a theoretical level. The second part includes the empirical analysis using a sample of 103 companies, between 1979 and 2013. Overall, we assume a positive impact of R&D on the corporate value, pointing out the originality of the approach, by creating a new variable that includes both decision and outcome features.

The  financial  outcomes  of  research  and  development  (R&D)  expenditures  are  not  instantaneous  and  straightforward. To explore the varied perspectives of these relationships this study employs Generalized Method  of  Moments  (GMM).  Analyses  reveals  significant  variances  in  different  asset  classes  and  in  different  sectors,  besides  finding  the  evidence  of  multiple  regimes.  The  findings  provide  insights  in  the  risk-return paradigm of R&D investment, and the successive return, besides helping the policy makers to settle the priority sector to get the expected result in line with the country’s investment policy.

The financial outcomes of research and development (R&D) expenditures and intangible assets are not instantaneous and straightforward. To explore the varied perspectives of these relationships, quantile regression technique is used to understand whether and how such relationships vary for the firms with different financial strength. The findings provide insights in risk-return paradigm of R&D investment and the successive return, besides helping the policy makers to settle the priority sector, to get the expected result in line with country’s investment policy.

To explore the varied perspectives of intangible assets and corporate financial performance nexus, this study employs various measures, i.e. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Analysis reveals significant variances in different asset classes and in different sectors. The findings provide insights in risk-return paradigm of intangible investments and the successive returns besides helping the policy makers to settle the priority sector to get the expected result in line with the country’s investment policy.

The financial outcomes of research and development (R&D) expenditures and intangible assets are not instantaneous and straightforward. To explore the varied perspectives of these relationships, this study employs panel threshold analysis. Analysis reveals significant variances in multiple regimes. The findings provide insights in the risk-return paradigm of R&D investment, dynamics of threshold points and the successive return, besides helping the policy makers to settle the priority sector to get the expected result in line with country’s investment policy.

Investing is increasingly becoming an important way of creating wealth. A successful investment requires one to have proper analytical skills, intelligence, emotional control, and common sense. It also requires investors to behave rationally when making decisions and consider logic rather than emotions or perceptions. The purpose of the study is to examine whether education, emotional quotient, and intelligence quotient have a positive influence on investment performance and decision-making. In addressing the research problem, there is a review of previous literature on the topic. The review provides an understanding of the contribution other authors in understanding the link between EQ, IQ, and education in investment performance and decision-making. According to the findings, EQ has positive effect on the investment decisions and performance. Individuals with high levels of IQ are more likely to take risks than the ones with low IQ. It demonstrates the effects of an individual's cognitive ability on decision-making and investment performance. The research has also indicated that education and experience are critical in making investment decisions.

Investing is increasingly becoming an important way of creating wealth. A successful investment requires one to have proper analytical skills, intelligence, emotional control, and common sense. It also requires investors to behave rationally when making decisions and consider logic rather than emotions or perceptions. The purpose of the study is to examine whether education, emotional quotient, and intelligence quotient have a positive influence on investment performance and decision-making. In addressing the research problem, there is a review of previous literature on the topic. The review provides an understanding of the contribution other authors in understanding the link between EQ, IQ, and education in investment performance and decision-making. According to the findings, EQ has positive effect on the investment decisions and performance. Individuals with high levels of IQ are more likely to take risks than the ones with low IQ. It demonstrates the effects of an individual's cognitive ability on decision-making and investment performance. The research has also indicated that education and experience are critical in making investment decisions.

Options traders and investors utilize methods to price and select call and put options. The models and tools range from Black-Scholes, binomial & trinomial models, Adaptive Mesh model, and the "Greeks" also known as Delta, Gamma, Vega, Theta and Rho. These methods all provide measurements of risk, time and price sensitivities. Missing from practitioner and academic literature is premium cost versus time. This paper explores a simple method of choosing a call or put option based upon its cost per unit of time to assist in selecting options with similar strike prices and different time intervals of an options chain. REVIEW OF MODELS The Black-Scholes model, first introduced by Fisher Black and Myron Scholes (1973) has various limitations and flaws detailed in many papers and textbooks over the years. For example, limitations to pricing American style options, exercise early to collect dividends; modified versions of the Black-Scholes model have been introduced to address pricing and risk and informational issues with the original model (Ianieri, 2009). Later Cox, Ross, and Rubenstein (1979) developed the binomial model sometimes referred to as the lattice model. The model assumes up or down spot price movement in the underlying asset and forms a two branch tree model. The Binomial model does recognize early exercise. However its choices for stock price movements is very limited and does not account for neutral or very small price

Options traders and investors utilize methods to price and select call and put options. The models and tools range from Black-Scholes, binomial & trinomial models, Adaptive Mesh model, and the "Greeks" also known as Delta, Gamma, Vega, Theta and Rho. These methods all provide measurements of risk, time and price sensitivities. Missing from practitioner and academic literature is premium cost versus time. This paper explores a simple method of choosing a call or put option based upon its cost per unit of time to assist in selecting options with similar strike prices and different time intervals of an options chain. REVIEW OF MODELS The Black-Scholes model, first introduced by Fisher Black and Myron Scholes (1973) has various limitations and flaws detailed in many papers and textbooks over the years. For example, limitations to pricing American style options, exercise early to collect dividends; modified versions of the Black-Scholes model have been introduced to address pricing and risk and informational issues with the original model (Ianieri, 2009). Later Cox, Ross, and Rubenstein (1979) developed the binomial model sometimes referred to as the lattice model. The model assumes up or down spot price movement in the underlying asset and forms a two branch tree model. The Binomial model does recognize early exercise. However its choices for stock price movements is very limited and does not account for neutral or very small price

We offer the first empirical exploration of fixed indexed annuity returns based upon actual contracts that were sold and actual interest that was credited. ∞ Annuity returns have been competitive with alternative portfolios of stocks and bonds. ∞ Their design has limited the downside returns associated with declining markets. ∞ They have achieved respectable returns in more robust equity markets.

Options traders and investors utilize methods to price and select call and put options. The models and tools range from Black-Scholes, binomial & trinomial models, Adaptive Mesh model, and the “Greeks” also known as Delta, Gamma, Vega, Theta and Rho. These methods all provide measurements of risk, time and price sensitivities. Missing from practitioner and academic literature is premium cost versus time. This paper explores a simple method of choosing a call or put option based upon its cost per unit of time to assist in selecting options with similar strike prices and different time intervals of an options chain.

Options traders and investors utilize methods to price and select call and put options. The models and tools range from Black-Scholes, binomial & trinomial models, Adaptive Mesh model, and the “Greeks” also known as Delta, Gamma, Vega, Theta and Rho. These methods all provide measurements of risk, time and price sensitivities. Missing from practitioner and academic literature is premium cost versus time. This paper explores a simple method of choosing a call or put option based upon its cost per unit of time to assist in selecting options with similar strike prices and different time intervals of an options

Global leadership has been shaped by three major forces of change: liberalization (trades, policies, etc.), globalization and technology development. From an examination of the history of exponential change faced by companies, we notice a new style of management is flourishing. A review of scholarly and literary works on management reveals that there is a wide array of techniques to describe leadership practice and its intricacies. Management style has been conceptualized as a trait, as a behavior or seen from a cultural movement perspective. In this paper, the pedigree of leadership thought, and the recognized management theories that have progressed since the turn of the century, are examined.

The paper investigates the R&D impact on the financial value of the company. The first part focuses on the previous findings in the existing literature and the relationships between R&D and earnings, operational performance, revenue growth and market value, in order to evidence the high potential of change in terms of new indicators. The second part includes the empirical analysis using a sample of 103 companies which registered high values of R&D, between 1979 and 2013. Overall, we assume a positive impact of R&D on the corporate value, using a new variable that includes both decision and outcome features.

This paper aims to identify and investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and the effectiveness of global leaders. Practical experiences emphasize that effective global leadership is essential for rapidly changing multinationals and emotional intelligence has been identified by a large number of researchers as a major driver of effective leadership. Although academic evidences are increasing, the gap on the connection between emotional intelligence and leadership still maintains. The exploration of extensive researches has revealed a powerful link between emotional intelligence and leadership performance. Directions of future research of EI of global leaders may refer to the investigation of job satisfaction, organizational engagement or followers' motivation.

• We offer the first empirical exploration of fixed indexed annuity returns based upon actual contracts that were sold and actual interest that was credited. • Annuity returns have been competitive with alternative portfolios of stocks and bonds. • Their design has limited the downside returns associated with declining markets. • They have achieved respectable returns in more robust equity markets. • Studies that have criticized FIAs are typically based on hypothesized crediting rate formulae, constant participation rates and caps, and unrealistic simulations of stock market and interest rate behavior. When actual policy data are used, the conclusions change. • Our study is exploratory, because although it is based on actual contracts and actual crediting rates, our policy data set is neither randomly selected nor comprehensive.

Leadership approaches have evolved to incorporate rational and non-rational processes. Traditional leadership research focused on internal and external organizational influences, but this paper underscores the need for adopting modern-day approaches for investigating leadership outcomes. Neuroscience can illuminate different cognitive effects that influence leadership. The research paper highlights the importance of attitudes towards leadership due to the complexity of modern organizational influences. The main forces highlighted are polyvagal theory, underlying stress, and trauma. A literature review provides a description of the fundamental neural and cognitive drivers of leadership. The paper also explains the findings of research studies demonstrating the correlation between neurocognitive processes and three leadership approaches: transactional, transformational and servant leadership. The discussion section elaborates these findings to determine whether insights can be applied in typical organizational settings. Lastly, the conclusion section summarizes the main deductions and explains limitations and recommendations for future exploratory investigations on rational and non-rational leadership choices. Overall, the paper attempts to justify why non-rational drivers carry equal weight as the rational influences.