Ovaj rad predstavlja pregled nehormonalnih metoda reproduktivnog managementa u stadima mliječnih ... more Ovaj rad predstavlja pregled nehormonalnih metoda reproduktivnog managementa u stadima mliječnih pasmina koza. Ovi protokoli uključuju podvrgavanje stada metodama svjetlosnog režima i uvođenja mužjaka uz posljedičnu sinkroniziranu pojavu estrusa tijekom sezone spolne aktivnosti ili pak tijekom razdoblja anestrusa. Svjetlosni režimi sastoje se od izlaganja stada izmjenama tromjesečnih razdoblja dugog (16 h neprekidne osvijetljenosti od 200 luksa) i kratkog dana (8-12 h neprekidne osvijetljenosti od 200 lx) te naglim uvođenjem mužjaka među ženke (nakon 60 dana potpune izolacije na udaljenosti od barem 100m) na kraju razdoblja kratkog dana. Za jednostavniju provedbu svih protokola, razdoblje kratkog dana i izlaganje životinja 12h svjetlosti na dan, praktično je korištenje melatoninskih implantata koji nemaju karence, a zamjenjuju protokol kratkog dana. Provedba ovakovih svjetlosnih režima će u koza izazvati sinkronu pojavu estrusa u kojem ih se sa zadovoljavajućim rezultatima umjetno osjemenjuje. Opisana su tri protokola od kojih prva dva uključuju injekcije prostaglandina koji također nemaju karencu, dok je treći protokol tzv. Hormone Free te isključuje korištenje ikakovih farmakoloških pripravaka (uključujući prostaglandine). U opisanim protokolima koze ostvaruju zadovoljavajuću indukciju i sinkronizaciju estrusa te se ostvaruju zadovoljavajući rezultati umjetnog osjemenjivanja (UO) tj. gravidnosti. Gore navedeno zahtijeva od veterinara strogo pridržavanje pravilima režima.
Macedonian Veterinary Review/Macedonian veterinary review, Mar 1, 2024
The present study aimed to determinate the effect of external progesterone (P4) supplementation o... more The present study aimed to determinate the effect of external progesterone (P4) supplementation on luteolysis in cows under heat stress. Forty-eight (n=48) dairy cows in the period from July-September 2018 were part of and at day 35±3 postpartum scored for BSC, synchronized using PG-3-G + Ovsynch protocol and randomly allocated into two treatments: PRID group (n=27) treated with external P4 device between G1 and PGF 2α and CON group (n=21) left without treatment. Collection of blood samples to assess P4 concentrations was done at Pre-PG, at G1, at PGF 2α , at 72 h after PGF 2α (at timed artificial insemination TAI) and at d 21 after TAI. The pregnancy diagnosis was done at d 21 and d 30 after TAI by ultrasound. The average temperature-humidity index (THI) was 79.5±0.6. At G1, the P4 was significantly lower in the PRID group (1.84±0.99 ng/mL) in comparison to the CON group (2.97±1.82 ng/mL). In contrast, at PGF 2α , there was a tendency (p=0.09) of increased P4 concentration in PRID group compared with the CON group (4.26±1.68 and 3.74±2.39 ng/mL), respectively. At TAI, more PRID cows (p=0.0001) had a lower P4 (0.06±0.03 ng/mL), in comparison to CON (1.28±2.41 ng/mL). At d 21 and d 30 after TAI, more PRID cows were predicted and diagnosed pregnant (16/27 or 59.25% and 13/27 or 48.14%) compared with the CON group (11/21 or 52.38% and 8/21 or 38.08%) respectively, but without any significant differences. Supplementation of the P4 during the Ovsynch protocol increases the P4 before TAI and reduces the incomplete luteolysis in heat stressed dairy cows.
Modulating effects of dietary clinoptilolite (CPL) on progesterone (P4) and insulin-like factor 1 (IGF-1) blood concentrations in Holestein-Friesian cows during pregnancy and early lactation
Biochemical and hormonal profile in boer doe after abortion
Veterinarska stanica, 2009
SLUCAJ: Burska koza, stara 3 godine, pobacaj 140.-tog dana gravidnosti (06.02.2005.), mrtvorođeno... more SLUCAJ: Burska koza, stara 3 godine, pobacaj 140.-tog dana gravidnosti (06.02.2005.), mrtvorođeno 2 jareta muskog spola mase 3, 0 i 3, 2 kg. Dijagnoza: Abortus et retentio secundinarum Terapija: Geomycin F, Pliva, i/u ; Geomycin retard, Pliva, 5 mL i/m (oxytetracyclin), Menbuton 5 mL Iskljucili smo zarazne pobacaje u koza (Brucella sp., Leptospira sp. i Chlamydia sp.), Hrvatski Veterinarski Institut. Poznato je da razina u krvnom serumu progesterona, IGF-I i nekih biokemijskih pokazatelja za vrijeme puerperija može pomoci u određivanju energetskog i reproduktivnog statusa u koza. U krvnom serumu smo određivali enzime: AST, GGT, AP i kreatin kinazu, metabolite: glukozu, ukupne bjelancevine, albumine, trigliceride, kolesterol, ureju, kreatin, bilirubin, BHB, mikroelemente Ca, P, Na, K, Cl i Mg, te slijedece hormone progesteron (P4) i inzulinu slican cimbenik rasta-I (IGF-I). Uspoređujuci razinu glukozu, ukupne bjelancevine, albumine, trigliceride, kolesterol, ureju, kreatin, bilirubin, BHB, mikroelemente Ca, P, Na, K, Cl, i Mg i AST, možemo ustvrditi da su u fizioloskim granicama(referntne laboratorijske vrijednosti).Utvrdili smo visu razinu kreatin kinaze, GGT-a i alkalne fosfataze od referntnih laboratorijskih vrijednosti. Burska koza u podrucju umjereno kontinentske klime je poliestricna cijele godine (neovisno o sezoni) pa smo ocekivali aktivnost jajnika, ali kod burske koze u nasem slucaju nije doslo do povratka ciklicne aktivnosti jajnika i 40 dana nakon pobacaja.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin on libido and semen q... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin on libido and semen quality parameters in bucks during the non-breeding season. Twelve bucks of the French alpine breed from 1.5 to 4 years of age were assigned into melatonin (MG) and control (CG) groups, with 6 bucks in each group. The experimental period was 3 months (March-May), divided into six periods of 15 days each. The bucks in the
In order to optimise reproductive performance and thus production, it is now impossible to contro... more In order to optimise reproductive performance and thus production, it is now impossible to control the reproduction of dairy cows without the use of hormones. Due to the characteristics of dairy cows, the use of hormones not only reduces the need for visual heat detection and thus the number of undetected cows in heat, but also prevents certain problems associated with intensive production and its negative effects on reproduction. Ovsynch, as a planned combination of GnRH and PGF 2α that allows artificial insemination at the optimal time without the need to control ovaries and uterus, once offered solutions to these problems, but over time its shortcomings were recognised. Therefore, pre-synchronisation protocols have been developed to create optimal conditions for Ovsynch and allow for the best outcome. In addition to pre-synchronisation, Ovsynch and its modifications can also be used in the resynchronisation of inseminated and sonographically diagnosed non-pregnant cows as soon as possible, improving farm efficiency. The addition of progesterone implants also further improves the performance of Ovsynchbased protocols. In addition to controlling reproduction, Ovsynch and its modifications have also proven successful in treating certain forms of infertility in dairy cows, such as anovulatory conditions and cystic ovarian disease. This paper presents the possibilities of using the Ovsynch protocol and its various modifications, and their advantages and disadvantages.
The effects of air temperature and rainfall seasonal variations on reproductive efficiency in Boer goats
The aim of our research was determinated effects of air temperature and rainfall precipitation on... more The aim of our research was determinated effects of air temperature and rainfall precipitation on some reproductive performance of Boer goats in the north-western part of Croatia. Ninty does, under intensive management, between 2-7 years old were used in our research throughout 3 consecutive years. Goats have been living on the hills of Bilogora with possibility of good pasture, in the northwest part of Croatia. After kidding, does were thogether with goat kids three to four months until weaning. Air temperature and rainfall records were obtained from the nearest meteorological recording stations within 10 km. Number of mating does, kidding rate and number of goat kids were significant different according to the season. The Boer goat is breed well known for fecunditiy. Data on 304 pregnancies and 535 newborn goat kids (dead or alive) shows per year 1.98 goat kids and per doe. Number of kidding was depended of season. The most of does were given a birth in the winter (46 %) and spring (27%), only 15 % in the summer and 12 % in the autumn (throughout 3 years). Conception rate was 92.12 %( 89.47 % in the year 2003, 94.17 % 2004 and 2005 92.73 %) and prolificacy (from 2003 to 2005) 178 %. In the year 2003, with extremly warm spring, extremly warm and dry summer, conception rate is significant lower (88.33 %) then in year 2004 (91.15 %) and 2005 (91.76 %). Despite annual higher temerature and lower rainfall percipitation in year 2003, the best prolificacy was recorded (187 %), then in 2004 (177 %) and 171 % in 2005 year. There was not correlation between air temperature and rainfall percipitation and reproductive performance of Boer goats in northwestern part of Croatia.
Importance of puerperium control for the improvement of reproductive efficiency in cows
By this research we aimed to establish how much service period can be shortened in dairy cows by ... more By this research we aimed to establish how much service period can be shortened in dairy cows by control of puerperium. We have encompassed eighty cows on two mini farms in the Counties of Varaždinska and Međimurska. Forty cows divided in two groups were observed on each mini farm. The experimental group of cows on each farm was subject to rectal examination and ultrasound on the 20th and 40th day after calving and immediately treated if where required. We examined and inseminated cows only at the owner’s call without prior controls or therapy. In the Simmental cows, average duration of service period in the control group was 121, 6 ± 8, 83 (M±S.E.M.) days, and conception rate was 2.6. While in the experimental group, service period was 108, 5 ± 6, 12 days and conception rate was 2.4. In the Holstein cows, service period in the control group was 156, 2 ± 12, 45 days and conception rate was 3.3. In the experimental group, service period was 116, 1 ± 8, 47 days, and conception rate was 2.2. In this groups of Holstein cows, a significant difference (P<0.05) was determined for duration of service period and for conception rate. We have concluded that regular control of puerperium may shorten the service period in both animal groups. That is particularly visible in Holstein cows due to their high selectivity to dairy production but also their genetic tendency to metabolic disorders and peripartal diseases.
Influence of parity on pregnancy rate and progesterone level in boer goats
It is already known that parity could influence pregnancy rate in domestic animals. It is also wi... more It is already known that parity could influence pregnancy rate in domestic animals. It is also widespread known that number of kidds could influence level of progesterone during pregnancy in goats and ewes. In this study two groups of boer goats were compared (10 primiparous goats and 10 pluriparous goats) kept in the same herd and covered by the same buck with proved fertility . The aim of the study was to determine whether parity could influence pregnancy rate and progesterone level. Number of kidds was also observed to exclude influence of kidd number on progesterone level. Blood samples were collected weekly from mating till parturition to determine level of progesterone in both groups. Goats were monitored using ultrasound probes and number of kidds were observed after parturition. Blood was centrifuged and sera samples were stored at -20°C till analysis. Level of progesterone in sera samples was determined using standard RIA method with conjugated steroids (Coat-A-Count TKPG, Diagnostic Product Corporation) without preincubation. The 125I in the pellet was quantified using gamma counter (LKB Wallac 1261 Multigamma counter, LKB, Turku, Finland) with a counting efficiency of 75%. All samples were analysed in duplicate with middle value like result and all suspect results were repeated. Program Statistica and ANOVA to perform variance analysis and linear correlations were used. Pregnancy rate and progesterone level were compared between primiparous and pluriparous group. Primiparous group had pregnancy rate 50% (5 goats) while pluriparous group had pregnancy rate 90% (9 goats). Pregnancy rate was significantly higher in pluriparous group (p<0, 05). Level of progesterone was compered between pregnant pluriparous and primiparous goats. Progesterone level was significantly higher in pregnant pluriparous goats (p<0, 05). Number of kidds didn't differ between the groups (2, 4 versus 2, 6 kidds). Level of progesterone was also compared between nonpregnant pluriparous and primiparous-nulliparous goats, but there was no significant difference between the groups. We concluded that parity influences pregnancy rate and level of progesterone in pregnant boer goats but it has no effect on progesterone rate in nonpregnant boer goats
The metabolic profile of Holstein-Frisian cows during puerperium
In the present research the influence of metabolic parameters on return of ovarian cyclicity in p... more In the present research the influence of metabolic parameters on return of ovarian cyclicity in puerperium of Holstein-frisian cows was investigated. We determined following metabolic parameters: glucose, total proteins, urea, enzymes AST, ALT and enzyme creatine kinase in total of 30 cows, during the 45 days of puerperium. Cows between 2 and 4 years old were examined gynecological and with ultrasound. Cows were divided in two groups based on their lactation. In the first group, lactation was 30 L. Blood samples were taken from v. coccigea twice a week starting from day 4 till day 45 of puerperium. Samples were centrifuged and stored frozen on -20°C till further biochemical tests. We determined significant difference (P 30 L had significantly increased AST and ALT levels, in relation to the group of cows with milk production <30 L, and also considering pshysiologic levels. However, creatine kinase levels were in physiologic levels in both groups of cows, and did not significantly differ between mentioned groups of cows. The obtained results suggest that the group of cows with higher milk production had liver damages, and that could be connected to the later return of ovarian cyclicity. Based on that, we can conclude that in the cows with higher milk production hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis would not be reestablished in the physiological time postpartum.
Reproductive performance of boer goats in north-western Croatia
Tieraerztliche Umschau, 2009
Das Ziel vorliegender Studie war die Beobachtung der Fruchtbarkeitsmerkmale der Burenziegen im no... more Das Ziel vorliegender Studie war die Beobachtung der Fruchtbarkeitsmerkmale der Burenziegen im nordwestlichen Teil Kroatiens, wie Trachtigkeitsdauer, Geburtsgewicht, Zahl der Lammer pro Wurf, Geburtenzahl pro Ziege und Geschlecht der Lammer sowie ihre wechselseitigen Beziehungen. Die Untersuchung dauerte 5 Jahre und es wurden insgesamt 60 Ziegen aus drei Zuchtgruppen im Alter von zwei bis acht Jahren eingesetzt. Sie wurden auf Intensivweide zusammen mit ihren Lammern gehalten. Die durchschnittliche Trachtigkeitsdauer betrug von 148, 36 ± ; 0, 86 Tage, bzw. von 142 bis 159 Tage. Insgesamt wurden 291 Ablammungen beobachtet, wobei 529 Nachkommen (270 mannliche und 259 weibliche Lammer) geboren wurden. Die Zahl der Lammer pro Wurf betrug von 1 bis 4 (durchschnittlich 1, 82 pro Wurf, bzw. 2, 56 Lammer/Ziege/Jahr). Ein Einzellamm wurde von 32, 98 % Ziegen (n=96) geboren, Zwillinge von 54, 64 % Ziegen (n=159), Drillinge von 9, 97 % Ziegen (n=29), wahrend von 2, 41 % Ziegen (n=7) vier Lammer in einem Wurf geboren wurden. Das statistisch niedrigste Geburtsgewicht (P<0, 05) wurde bei weiblichen Lammern (n=259) (3, 50 ± ; 0, 10 kg) im Vergleich zu mannlichen Lammern (n=270) (3, 71 ± ; 0, 11 kg) beobachtet. Statistisch signifikant niedrigere Geburtsgewichte (P<0, 05) der Lammer beider Geschlechter konnten bei Primiparen im Vergleich zu Multiparen verzeichnet werden.
Seasonal lambing distribution of the Romanov breed in northwestern Croatia during five consecutive years
Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the lambing distribution of the Romanov bree... more Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the lambing distribution of the Romanov breed in northwestern Croatia during five consecutive years. Most European breeds of sheep are seasonal breeders in the moderate climate region ; however, the Romanov breed is a meat breed that is aseasonally polyoestrous. Romanov sheep are considered to be highly fertile, with a fecundity rate of 230% or more. In Croatia, the lambing season is primarily in the winter and spring for seasonal breeders. Materials and methods. During five consecutive years (December 2011 to November 2016) at eight medium-scale sheep farms in northwestern Croatia, there were 5379 mattings with 5046 successful conceptions i.e. lambings. Ewes were kept at pasture, which primarily provided area for exercise, with access to stables during the night, in a semi-intensive environment. According to standard farming practices, animals had free access to good quality meadow hay (about 1.8 kg per doe daily), adequate concentrate and drinking water. Results. Fertility was 93.81%. The seasonal distribution of lambings in this study was: 47.64% of ewes delivered in winter (n=2422), 23.37% in spring (n=1179), 18.82% in summer (n=950) and 9.81% in autumn (n=495). The winter season refers to the period of December to February. Sexual activity was lowest was during spring and early summer (March to June) with a peak of sexual activity from August to October. Litter size was greater during spring and winter than in other seasons (1.67 vs.1.36) though birth weight was lower in larger than in smaller litters (2.64±0.65 vs. 2.87±0.61). Conclusions. More lambs during lambing season and a higher percentage of multiple births (triplets, quadruplets, etc.) was expected during the optimal breeding season, as seen in most European sheep breeds. Despite being aseasonally polyoestrous, the distribution of mating and lambing was not uniform through the seasons for the Romanov breed.
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Papers by Juraj Grizelj