Food Science and Human Nutrition

This result of cross-sectional study explained that there was low vitamin D status in school going children due to less intake of food enrich in vitamin
D. Before nutritional enrich vitamin D meal serum vitamin D concentration is < 30 ng/ml, which is insufficient for child growth, physically and mentally, this
deficiency lead to many bones and health, degenerative disorder in child and cause less bone mass density, bone mass content, softening of bones and
rickets in children. The Main focus of the meal to enhance vitamin D status through vitamin enriches foods that are included in child meal that are consumed
on a daily base from the different food groups.
After the meal there is increase in vitamin D serum concentration due to above mentioned food intake and dairy product 1.0 cups/1000 kcal; P = 0.04. The
study suggested that consumption of dairy products providing Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium to school going children [1]. The Main
purpose of the study is to improve the Vitamin S status and make them healthy both in way of physically and psychologically.

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Background: Malnutrition is responsible for one third of the mortality rate among children less than 5 years old. Worldwide, 54% of the child deaths are due to malnutrition and the caseload in Pakistan is equal to 46%. In the current study, we attempted to identify the possible risk factors related to malnutrition among 6-59-month children in Pakpattan, Punjab province. Methods: A total of 500 severe acute malnourished (SAM) 6-59-month children were assessed during a period of 12 months (March 2018 to Feb 2019) to find out the possible risk factors for SAM. Results: Based on the findings, significant possible determinants risk factors related to acute malnutrition include edema, blurred vision, illness history, birth interval, mother body mass index (BMI), complementary feeding, family size, and family member working status. Conclusion: Malnutrition risk factors depend upon children nutrition status and early detection of these risk factors may improve the nutrition...

To establish a polymerase chain reaction method based on 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene for the detection of plasmodium deoxyribonucleic acid in patients suffering from malaria symptoms. This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2013 to October 2014 in district Quetta of Pakistan&#39;s Balochistan province. Blood samples were collected from patients suffering from general symptoms of malaria. A polymerase chain reaction-based technique was applied for the diagnosis of malaria and detection of responsible species in the patients who were suspected to carry the parasite. Performance of this polymerase chain reaction method was compared against the microscopy results. Parasite number was also calculated for microscopy positive samples.All samples after the genomic deoxyribonucleic acid isolation were subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis. Of the 200 samples, 114(57%) were confirmed as positive and 86(43%) as negative for...

Objective: Extensive drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli, harboring New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (blaNDM-1) having the ability to hydrolyze β-lactams, have become a vital global clinical threat. The present study was, therefore, designed to investigate the prevalence and epidemiology of NDM-1 producers in Quetta, Pakistan. Methods: This study was carried out in Microbiology Laboratory, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta, Biotechnology laboratory, BUITEMS Quetta and Hi-tech laboratory, CASVAB, University of Balochistan, Quetta, from March to June 2018, during the hot season. Biochemical and molecular approaches were applied for the identification of bacterial isolates. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were determined using E-test method. Carbapenemase activity was ascertained by Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and the presence of blaNDM-1 gene was recognized by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: We isolated five blaNDM-1 harboring isolates of three different species n...

INTRODUCTION Fresh water is a source of transmission of pathogens like viruses, bacteria and protozoa. The assessment of drinking water for fecal contaminants is important information for health authorities. The degree of fecal contamination in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and groundwater aquifers 1,2 is variable. Instead of global efforts and latest techniques water born diseases are still a 3 challenge. Many studies have been conducted for the assessment of contamination of drinking water and prevention of the water borne diseases world 4,5 wide. In Pakistan, common people use subjective quality criteria like brackish, foul smelling, bad tasting, and turbid or colored water to determine that it is not suitable for drinking. The agencies responsible for monitoring of water quality perform periodic checks of the basic water parameters against certain recommended standards. In order to ensure that consumers throughout the country are receiving quality water, research-based standards and guidelines for quality drinking water 6 must be available to monitoring agencies. Bacteriological contamination of drinking water has been reported to be one of the most serious

Rosuvastatin is regularly recommended for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and applies its impact through focused collection in the liver. Current dosing rules show no inclination for sustained or fasted rosuvastatin organization. In this investigation, lower plasma level was noted in mice with nourishment 2 hours after an oral rosuvastatin portion, while liver fixation was unaffected. We presume that taking an oral portion with nourishment rather than on an unfilled stomach, don't fundamentally influence the cholesterol-bringing down limit of rosuvastatin. Since a typical unfavorable occasion noted with statin treatment is muscle torment/harm related with high coursing statin levels, our discoveries can possibly fill in as a novel and basic system for relieving statin myopathy hazard.

Background: Whitening creams are most commonly used by both men and women for beautifying and cleaning. These creams are not commonly sterile and contaminated during different stages of formulation from manufacturing to consumer. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, some gram negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus are involved in the contamination of cosmetic products. The use of microbial contaminated whitening cream may become health hazard to consumers. Objective: Microbial analysis of selected brands of whitening creams commonly used by the community of Pakistan. Methods: Four well-known brands of whitening creams were chosen for microbiological analysis and assigned coding as W-A, W-B, W-C and W-D respectively. Conventional culture were used for microbial analyze. Differential & Selective Media used for Identification of Microorganism and further confirmation of microbes were subjected by biochemical tests. Results: All four brands were observed contaminated with bacteria up to 10 6 CFU/g that finally more than the U.S.P. or F.D.A. recommended limit of less than 10 3 CFU/g for non-eye area. Growth of Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Pseudomonas sp was noted as well. Fungal population was not observed in any brand of whitening creams. Escherichia coli and actionmycetes were not present in all the samples. Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were detected in all brands within a range of 1. Conclusions: According to current microbial analysis there is higher load of total viable microbes in all samples. These contaminated products are health hazards to consumers. There should be checking during fabrication, packaging and storing of the cosmeceuticals brands by the regulatory bodies and intensive care the operation as well as the supply of cosmetics products among the health-care stores.

The cold forging method has been widely used in industry to produce machine parts. In general, gears are produced by shaping or hobbing. One of the shaping techniques is precision forging, which has several advantages over hobbing. In the present study, cold forging of spur gears from Ti-6AI-4V material is introduced. To improve the surface properties of the resulting gears, plasma nitriding was carried out. Nuclear reaction analysis was carried out to obtain the nitrogen concentration, while the micro-PIXE technique was used to determine the elemental distribution in the matrix after forging and nitriding processes. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray powder diffraction were used to investigate the metallurgical changes and formation of nitride components in the surface region. Microhardness and friction tests were carried out to measure the hardness depth profile and friction coefficient at the surface. Finally, scoring failure tests were conducted to determine the rotational speed at which the gears failed. Three distinct regions were obtained in the nitride region, and at the initial stages of the scoring tests, failure in surface roughness was observed in the vicinity of the tip of the gear tooth. This occurred at a particular rotational speed and work input.

Introduction Dysfunctional closed chest drainage unit (CDU) dysfunction is a common but serious clinical problem associated with tube thoracostomy and results in a significant rise in morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and increased economic burden. This observational study examines the proximate factors of closed CDU dysfunction in addition to their relative frequency. Based on our findings, we suggest logical recommendations for preventing the factors that contribute to closed chest drainage unit dysfunction. Method The study target population consists of all those individuals who had experienced tube thoracostomy for any pathology related to the chest cavity treated in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nishter Medical University, Multan, Pakistan, from February 2015 to January 2017. The study population was not restricted by age or gender. Of the 727 examined cases, only those patients who had experienced tube thoracostomy and had significant failure in draining the pleural c...

Objective: To determine student’s perception of bedside clinical teaching and to correlate it with their performance in assessment. Methods: This cross-sectional study of correlational survey was conducted at Services Institute of Medical Sciences in September 2019, involving students of final professional year who filled a proforma to rate their bedside teaching experience during clinical rotations using rating scale. Mean scores of items were determined with score &lt; 3 reflecting dis-satisfaction. Mean scores were compared between high and low performing students using student’s t test. Results: Total of 160 students participated. Physical environment domain was assigned lowest scores by students (mean 2.94±0.74) followed by teaching task by teachers (3.04±0.72), group dynamics (3.16±0.81) and patient comfort and attitude towards patient (3.87±0.60). Teaching task by teacher had maximum stems with scores &lt; 3 needing significant improvement. Students with low academic performa...

Twenty-five genotypes of early CIMMYT hexaploid wheat were screened for salt tolerance in a glasshouse experiment using photosynthetic capacity and water relation parameters as selection criteria. Under salt stress (150 mM NaCl) the genotypes Frontana, Norin-10, Mayo-54, Noreste-66, and Yaktana-54 excelled all other lines in shoot dry mass, and Na(20)TPP, Penjamo-62, Inia-66, Frontana, Siete Cerros, and Jaral-66 in grain yield per plant in both absolute and relative (percent of control) terms. Although net photosynthetic rate (P N) declined in all genotypes due to salt stress, it was not helpful in discriminating among genotypes according to salt tolerance. Similarly, no positive relationships of salt tolerance of the genotypes with stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, or turgor pressure were found. Every genotype used its own specific mechanism to tolerate salt stress. However, a large amount of variation in salt tolerance observed in 25 early CIMMYT wheat genotypes can be of considerable practical value for improving salt tolerance in the existing commercial hexaploid wheats.

Thirty-days-old plants of two cultivars of okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.), Sabzpari and Chinese-red, were subjected for 30 d to two water regimes (100 and 60 % field capacity). Leaf water potential and osmotic potential of both lines decreased significantly with the imposition of drought. Both the leaf pressure potential and osmotic adjustment were much lower in Chinese-red than those in Sabzpari. Chlorophyll (Chl) b content increased, whereas Chl a content remained unchanged and thus Chl a/b ratios were reduced in both lines. Drought stress also caused a significant reduction in net photosynthetic rate (P N), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (g s), and water use efficiency (WUE) especially in cv. Sabzpari. The lines did not differ in intrinsic WUE (P Ngs) or intercellular/ambient CO2 ratio. Overall, the growth of two okra cultivars was positively correlated with P N, but not with g s or P N/E, and negatively correlated with osmotic adjustment.

Twenty-five genotypes of early CIMMYT hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were screened for salt tolerance in a glasshouse experiment at 150 mol m −3 NaCl in sand culture. The genotypes Na(20)TPP, Penjamo 62, and Inia 66 exceeded all the lines in grain yield per plant under salt stress, whereas Nainari 60 and Norin 10 were the lowest of all genotypes. However, Jaral 66 and Yaqui 54 were the lowest of all the genotypes in all growth and yield attributes. Considerable variation in accumulation of Na + and Cl − in different plant parts of 25 genotypes of early CIMMYT wheat under salt stress was observed. The genotype Noreste 66 was the lowest in leaf Na + and Cl − , and it had highest leaf K/Na ratio and K versus Na selectivity of all the genotypes, but in terms of growth and grain yield, it was moderately tolerant. The other genotype Norin 10 was the highest in leaf Na + and Cl − of all genotypes, but its leaf K/Na ratio and K versus Na selectivity were considerably low. However, in shoot biomass it was the highest and in grain yield the lowest of all genotypes. In view of phylogenetic lineage of the genotypes, most of the genotypes have evolved from Norin 10, so the trait of high uptake of Na + and Cl − in most genotypes may have been inherited from Norin 10. The ion exclusion trait in the moderately salt tolerant genotype Noreste 66 was possibly inherited from Yaqui 50 as it was the only among all putative parents which showed low uptake of toxic ions. Overall, owing to the complex nature of the salt tolerance trait being controlled by polygenes, it was not easy to draw relationships between degree of salt tolerance and pattern of uptake of toxic ions and maintenance of leaf K/Na ratios. However, from the phylogenetic lineage of the 25 genotypes it was possible to draw relationships between degree of salt tolerance and mechanism of ion uptake between parents and progeny.