José Eloy Hortal Muñoz
José Eloy Hortal Muñoz (Madrid, 1974), was graduated in Early Modern and Modern History (1997) and History of Art (1999) at the UAM. After one year of Ph´D studies at the Rijkuniversiteit Groningen (Netherlands), he defended his Ph´D, El manejo de los asuntos de Flandes, 1585-1598, in early modern history at the UAM in september 2004 with the highest mark. He also obtained a master degree in Archivistic at the UNED.
His main research interests are the political history of the Netherlands at the XVIth century, the Courts of Brussels and Madrid at that century and the royal guards of the Spanish Habsburgs.
He has realized numerous academic visits (both teaching and research) in Belgium, the Netherlands, USA, England, Portugal, Vaticano, France and Switzerland, and participated in some international congresses in England, Belgium, Italy, France, USA, Germany, Sweden and Spain and research projects at the UAM, URJC and UGent.
He works as professor and researcher at the URJC since september 2009, where he is adviser of innovational education of the online studies, and is Reference Researcher at the Instituto Universitario “La Corte en Europa” (IULCE, UAM), being as well associate professor at the Escuela Universitaria de Artes y Espectáculos TAI in the years 2012-2013.
Address: www.joseeloyhortal.com
His main research interests are the political history of the Netherlands at the XVIth century, the Courts of Brussels and Madrid at that century and the royal guards of the Spanish Habsburgs.
He has realized numerous academic visits (both teaching and research) in Belgium, the Netherlands, USA, England, Portugal, Vaticano, France and Switzerland, and participated in some international congresses in England, Belgium, Italy, France, USA, Germany, Sweden and Spain and research projects at the UAM, URJC and UGent.
He works as professor and researcher at the URJC since september 2009, where he is adviser of innovational education of the online studies, and is Reference Researcher at the Instituto Universitario “La Corte en Europa” (IULCE, UAM), being as well associate professor at the Escuela Universitaria de Artes y Espectáculos TAI in the years 2012-2013.
Address: www.joseeloyhortal.com
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Books: monographies by José Eloy Hortal Muñoz
Sin duda, las guardas reales resultaron fundamentales en éste proceso pues, a través de la observación y estudio de las mismas cómo sección de la Casa, podemos comprobar cómo se fue modificando la propia estructura de la Monarquía Hispana. El presente libro estudia en profundidad éste proceso, así cómo la extracción social de los guardas a lo largo de esos dos siglos -para lo cual se apoya en las biografías de los más de 5.000 que compusieron las unidades durante los reinados Austrias-, la especial jurisdicción de las mismas y su papel en la Etiqueta. Finalmente, se incluye un estudio bibliográfico sobre las principales guardas existentes desde la Antigüedad, así cómo de las unidades de guarda de otras potencias de la Edad Moderna.
These building administrations have not yet been systematically studied, and it remains unclear to what extent such centralised institutions developed autonomously, responding to local conditions and requirements, or were part of international developments facilitated by the close networks of the European courts.
This volume, with contributions from architectural historians, administrative historians, and court historians, represents a first attempt to compare these institutions on a pan-European scale from the late Middle Ages up to the end of the seventeenth century. It aims to explore the relationships between the local specificities of these organisations and their shared characteristics. From a multidisciplinary perspective, it addresses questions concerning the nature of such administrations, their purpose, organisational structure, and judicial powers, as well as their role in the formation of the state.
Institutions under royal control included not only the king’s royal residences and the royal chapels attached to them, but also magnificent convent-palaces and individual monasteries belonging to specific religious orders with close affiliations to the Spanish Crown. These Spanish Royal Sites, a diverse global network that helped to shape the Spanish Monarchy politically and socially in the seventeenth century, extended across the different kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula and beyond to other territories in Europe, America and Asia under Spanish rule. The religious practices that occurred there were an essential aspect of studying the justification of power, the pre-eminence of (ecclesiastical and temporal) institutions and, in the case of the Spanish Monarchy, its relations with the Holy See.
This volume brings together scholars from various humanities disciplines, opening up novel avenues of research for studying the organization of royal institutions in the different kingdoms of the Habsburg Spanish Monarchy, especially in questions related to religion and royal piety. Particular attention is paid to the under-researched area of Royal Sites in Catalonia, Valencia, Portugal, Sardinia and the Viceroyalty of Peru.
El presente volumen pone a la luz el ceremonial que el portugués Manuel Ribeiro, maestro de ceremonias de Felipe IV, elaboró durante dos décadas por encargo de los monarcas hispanos, en lo que constituye una fuente de primer orden para el conocimiento de la corte madrileña del siglo XVII. El manuscrito se acompaña de un riguroso estudio introductorio y de unos índices que ayudan a su consulta.
Es desde este punto de vista de la Corte desde el que contemplamos en este libro las ideas políticas y sociales de la Edad Moderna, con un lenguaje dirigido tanto a estudiantes como profesionales y amantes de la Historia y de otras disciplinas cercanas. Para ello, comenzamos con una explicación de la organización política de la Corte (compuesta por Casa Real, Tribunales y Consejos, Cortesanos y Sitios Reales), para abordar en los capítulos siguientes el debate sobre las ideas políticas y sociales que legitimaron el gobierno cortesano, como fueron la oeconomica, la libertad política, la virtud y la educación.
En la Edad Moderna la sociedad se organizaba social y políticamente a través de la corte. Esta era contemplada como una comunidad moral y política, cuyo fundamento filosófico era el conjunto de las disciplinas ética, oeconomica –del griego oikos, ‘casa’– y política, heredado de la Antigüedad clásica, existiendo una continuidad entre los ámbitos doméstico y político. Es desde este punto de vista desde el que se analizan las ideas políticas y sociales de la Edad Moderna, con un lenguaje dirigido tanto a estudiantes y profesionales como a amantes de la historia y de otras disciplinas cercanas. Para ello, se explica la organización política de la corte, compuesta por casa real, tribunales y consejos, cortesanos y sitios reales, para abordar en los capítulos siguientes el debate sobre las ideas políticas y sociales que legitimaron el gobierno cortesano, como fueron la oeconomica, la libertad política, la virtud y la educación.
Books: edited or directed by José Eloy Hortal Muñoz
Los Países Bajos, tras su incorporación a la Monarquía Hispana, fueron
regidos por gobernadores generales que establecieron sus propias Casas en Bruselas. Sin embargo, esta situación comenzó a cambiar a mediados del siglo XVII, cuando se empezó a hablar en los nombramientos de que los diversos criados ya no pertenecían directamente a la Casa de tal o cual gobernador, si no a la Maison Royale de Bruxelles. Esto suponía un notable cambio, pues podemos inferir que, desde éste momento, la Casa Real de Bruselas no pertenecía a los personas sino al territorio.
La existencia de esta nueva Casa, por otro lado la única que se creó en
Europa en todo el siglo XVII, requería de una justificación teórica. Hay que recordar igualmente, que durante el reinado de Felipe IV (1621-1665) se llevó a cabo en Madrid una codificación exhaustiva de las Etiquetas tocantes a la Casa Real, implicándose también el resto de Cortes de la Monarquía en el proceso, como fue el caso de Bruselas.
Es en éste contexto donde debemos situar los manuscritos de Francisco
Alonso Lozano que aquí presentamos. El autor, entre 1692 y 1712 redactó dos libros; en el primero, titulado Plan ou Estat de la maison royale dans ces estats de flandres, se detallaban las funciones de cada oficio de esa nueva Casa Real. Mientras, el segundo, Notice de toutes les emplois de la cour et de la chapelle royale de Bruxelles, indicaba el número de criados que había y los gajes y raciones que recibían.
Sin duda, consideramos que la edición de estos manuscritos representa
una fuente de primer orden para el conocimiento de la Corte de Bruselas
durante el siglo XVII, comparable a lo que representan las Etiquetas Generales de Palacio que se realizaron en Madrid a mediados de dicho siglo.
Abstract
Following their incorporation into the Spanish monarchy, the Habsburg
Netherlands were ruled by governors-general, who established their own
Households in Brussels. However, this situation began to change in the mid-seventeenth century, as evidenced by the letters of appointment of various courtiers, who were no longer identified as members of this or that governor’s household, but rather as part of la Maison Royale de Bruxelles. We can infer, therefore, that from this moment onwards, the royal household in Brussels belonged to the territory rather than to particular people.
Naturally, a theoretical justification was required to support the existence of this new household, by the way, the only one that was created in whole Europe at the seventeenth century. At the same time, it should also be remembered that during the reign of Felipe IV (1621-1665), the Etiquettes concerning the royal household were thoroughly codified in Madrid, so that the other Courts in the Monarchy could not have been oblivious to this development and became involved in the process, as was the case of Brussels.
It is in this context where we must situate the ellaboration of the manuscripts of Francisco Alonso Lozano that we present here. Between 1692 and 1712, he wrote two books: the first was called Plan ou Estat de la maison royale dans ces estats de flandres, in which he detailed the functions of each office, while the second, Notice de toutes les emplois de la cour et de la chapelle royale de Bruxelles, indicated the number of servants and the stipends and bouche of court that they received.
No doubt, we guess that these two manuscripts represents an invaluable
source to the knowledge of the seventeenth-century Court of Brussels,
comparable to what represent the Etiquetas Generales de Palacio for the
Court of Madrid.
Articles by José Eloy Hortal Muñoz
and people, extrapolating the reality of the 1800s and 1900s to previous centuries. However, the royal household was much more than that and, fortunately, over the past three decades it has begun to be examined in the context of late medieval and early modern discourses that gave shape
to and justified royal power. Rulers each established their own households and forms of service.
Although they all sought originality to give their monarchy a distinctive identity, most were similarly structured into sections or departments, and we therefore find six recurring elements. Although the hierarchy varied from monarchy to monarchy, the order of precedence was generally as
follows: Chapel, Chamber, Household or Offices, Stables, Guard, and the Hunt. Each section in turn encompassed three different and complementary aspects: the section’s servants, the ruler and
his family’s physical or spiritual need, and a physical space in the royal geographies. This article analyses the links between the various sections of the Spanish monarchy’s royal household and the physical spaces of its royal geographies, as well as their evolution during the Habsburg period (the 16th-17th centuries).
The Royal Sites of the Spanish monarchy were relevant in this respect, since they formed a diverse global network, especially in the seventeenth century, when they were centers of power that helped to shape the Spanish monarchy politically and socially. Institutions under royal control included not only the king’s royal palaces and the royal chapels attached to them, but also magnificent convents and individual monasteries belonging to specific religious orders with close affiliations to the Habsburg dinasty. This institutional network extended across the different kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula and beyond to other territories in Europe, America and Asia that were at various times under Spanish rule.This article provides new insights of research developed in recent years, which analyse the intertwining of these Royal Sites with the different religious and political trends of the period, especially in questions related to the forms of religiosity and royal piety, using examples from most of the courts that made up the Spanish monarchy during the 17th century.
La cuestión de las prácticas religiosas resulta fundamental para el conocimiento de la Edad Moderna, no sólo asociada exclusivamente al ámbito de la religión, como se ha estudiado principalmente hasta ahora, sino como aspecto esencial para estudiar la justificación del poder, la preeminencia de las instituciones (eclesiásticas y temporales) y, en el caso de la Monarquía Hispánica, sus relaciones con la Santa Sede.Los Sitios Reales de dicha Monarquía fueron importantes en este sentido, ya que formaron una red global, especialmente en el siglo XVII, cuando fueron centros de poder que contribuyeron a configurar política y socialmente el conjunto de la Monarquía Hispánica. Estos espacios bajo control real incluían, no sólo, los palacios y las capillas reales anejas a ellas, sino también conventos y monasterios pertenecientes a diversas órdenes religiosas, vinculados a la dinastía Habsburgo. Esta red se extendió por los diferentes reinos de la Península Ibérica y, más allá, a los territorios de Europa, América y Asia que en diversas épocas estuvieron bajo dominio hispano.En este artículo mostramos nuevas vías de investigación desarrolladas en los últimos años, que analizan la imbricación de estos Sitios Reales con las diferentes tendencias religiosas y políticas del periodo, en especial en cuestiones relacionadas con las formas de religiosidad y piedad real, utilizando ejemplos de la mayoría de las cortes que conformaron la Monarquía Hispánica durante el siglo XVII.
of Philip III and Philip IV, the validos, or minister-favourites like Lerma and Olivares, confirmed that the royal palaces were political spaces, and they strove to submit these spaces to their control.
Within this context, the Instruction of 1637 and other subsequent regulatory documents focused on restricting the access to the royal apartments, with the Chamber at their heart, influencing the relation between private and public at court.