Articles in refereed journals by Paula Rodríguez-Modroño
The impact of the crisis and austerity on low educated working women: The cases of Spain and Portugal
Gender, Work & Organization, 2018
International Journal of Manpower, 2019
If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emeral... more If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com Emerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. Abstract Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to apply an intersectional analysis to assess the impact of structural factors on the risk of being a NEET for youth in Spain. The author study if inequalities have changed after the economic crisis, once youth policies designed to improve the Spanish school-to-work transition (SWT) system were implemented. Design/methodology/approach-Drawing on microdata from the Spanish Survey on Income and Living Conditions, the paper compares the probability of becoming not in employment, education or training (NEET) of young men and women born inside or outside Spain and living in different types of households. Findings-Although unemployment rates have improved since the end of the crisis, the situation regarding youth employment, poverty and inequalities remains challenging. Gender and other structural differences are usually ignored in policy debates and in the measures adopted to fight youth unemployment, leading to the persistance of inequalities. Research limitations/implications-The analysis illustrates new lines and trajectories in the segmentation of youth labor markets along the lines of gender, household and country of origin. Practical implications-The findings highlight the need for introducing an analysis of the different sources of vulnerability in policy designs in order to promote a real and sustainable change in SWTs. Originality/value-The contribution of this research to the literature on NEET and SWT is to introduce a framework that allows for the intersectional analysis of gender and other structural inequalities.
Sustainability, 2020
Telework and ICT-based mobile work (TICTM) arrangements have emerged in response to technological... more Telework and ICT-based mobile work (TICTM) arrangements have emerged in response to technological changes driven by digitalisation, increasing flexibility within the labour market, and globalisation. As telework becomes more widespread, these flexible models of work are rapidly expanding to new categories of employees, changing the factors traditionally found to be important for telework eligibility. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of new profiles of teleworkers, examining main factors that increase or decrease the likelihood of different TICTM arrangements. We apply multinomial logistic regression models to a sample of more than 20,000 workers from the 6th European Working Conditions Survey. Our findings confirm the heterogeneity in the profiles of teleworkers, particularly distinguishing by TICTM arrangement. Occasional teleworkers are usually male managers or professionals, but a relevant percentage of highly mobile teleworkers are technicians and associate professionals, while clerical support workers amount to a large group of home-based teleworkers. The majority of occasional and highly mobile teleworkers are still men, but this can no longer be said of home-based teleworkers. The correlations between telework and permanent contracts, full-time jobs, and living in urban areas are weak, showing that TICTM is spreading into more precarious, temporary, and lower-paid jobs, especially among home-based teleworkers and highly mobile teleworkers.
This paper analyses the consequences of the latest recession and austerity measures for the worki... more This paper analyses the consequences of the latest recession and austerity measures for the working and living conditions of women and men in Spain, as well as the extent to which gender and other related inequalities are being modified or aggravated. Women are taking on additional responsibilities in terms of unpaid care work due to welfare cuts and privatization, while still facing discrimination in the labour market and in accessing resources and decision ‑making centres. This refamiliarization of care, together with increasing job insecurity, could have a major negative impact on the well ‑being of women and their present and future opportunities, which may endanger the fragile gains achieved in terms of gender equality.
La desigualdad de género en las crisis económicas
Este artículo realiza un análisis histórico desde la economía feminista de las crisis económicas ... more Este artículo realiza un análisis histórico desde la economía feminista de las crisis económicas de los últimos cien años, poniendo de manifiesto tres pautas históricas que nos pueden servir para avanzar en una mejor comprensión de la crisis actual y sobre todo, para garantizar una salida de la crisis con más y no con menos igualdad. La primera es que de las crisis se sale con una intensificación del trabajo de las mujeres, incluyendo el trabajo remunerado y sobre todo, el no remunerado. La segunda que tras la crisis el empleo masculino se recupera siempre antes que el femenino y éste último acaba siempre aún más precarizado que cuando se inicia la crisis; y la tercera que de las crisis se sale con retrocesos en los avances en igualdad conseguidos en épocas de bonanza en lo relativo a la regulación, las políticas de igualdad y las reglas de juego en general.
Pensamiento económico y valores: un experimento docente de teoría de juegos
Revista de Investigación en Educación, Nº 10, Vol 2 (2012), Oct 30, 2012
This article presents the design and practice of a teaching exercise based on game theory which s... more This article presents the design and practice of a teaching exercise based on game theory which seeks to compare the different co-operative decisions of two groups of university students in an Economic History course. The students are divided into two groups, a group which supports keynesian economic policies and another pro-neoliberal. The results of the game theory model put into practice, known as the Ultimatum Game, show that the decisions of the prokeynesian students tend to incorporate more egalitarian values than the conservative group.
Gender, Time Use, and Children’s and Adolescents’ Well-Being: Implications for Public Policies
This paper has two main goals. The first is to analyse and measure gender differences in children... more This paper has two main goals. The first is to analyse and measure gender differences in children’s and adolescents’ well-being by using a capability approach. The second aim is to identify the parameters that can help design policies to improve children’s and adolescents’ well-being. The econometric model used is a multiple indicator multiple causes (MIMIC) model, belonging to the class of structural equation models. The estimation is done on a sample of 10- to 17-year-old girls and boys and uses micro-data from the Spanish Time Use Survey (2002–03). Results show that parents’ working time, both paid and unpaid, is a determinant of children’s well-being. Gender differences are also especially significant, consequently posing important policy implications.
Se fondant sur l’enquête nationale « Emploi du temps » 2002-2003, cet article analyse les différe... more Se fondant sur l’enquête nationale « Emploi du temps » 2002-2003, cet article analyse les différences affectant l’utilisation du temps par les individus, et prête une attention particulière aux dynamiques existant entre travail rémunéré et non rémunéré. Les femmes espagnoles assument un temps de travail (professionnel, domestique et parental) supérieur à celui des hommes et disposent par conséquent de moins de temps libre. De plus, la majeure partie de leur temps de travail est dédiée au travail non rémunéré. Ces différences renvoient à l’existence d’importantes inégalités de genre, qui se traduisent pour les femmes par une perte de bien-être et d’autonomie.
Using Harmonised European Time-Use Survey (HETUS) data, this study shows how care work that takes... more Using Harmonised European Time-Use Survey (HETUS) data, this study shows how care work that takes place outside the marketplace represents an essential and distinctive part of national economies. Cross-national comparisons show persistent patterns and differences in observed gender inequalities on total workload and care responsibilities. This country-by-country and group-by-group analysis is based on cluster methodology. The main finding is that including time use in gendered analyses of welfare regimes shows how unpaid care work is at the core of gender inequality in all countries. The results of this analysis indicate that Eastern European countries are very heterogeneous and are distributed across three out of the four clusters obtained, a finding that constitutes a new departure point for analysis. Based on these findings, this study makes public policy recommendations about the importance of time-use surveys and how to improve the quality of care without decreasing women’s
well-being and autonomy.
Redes. Revista Hispana para el Análisis de las Redes Sociales, Vol. 23, Dec 29, 2012
Las perspectivas tradicionales del desarrollo social y económico en las regiones han dado paso a ... more Las perspectivas tradicionales del desarrollo social y económico en las regiones han dado paso a visiones más integrales que incluyen factores como las interacciones entre los agentes, la especificidad de los territorios, las normas culturales que rigen las relaciones humanas y el papel que las instituciones pueden desempeñar. Es por ello, que el fomento del capital social, en el cual se incluye la capacidad de formar y alimentar redes entre los actores regionales, de propiciar una cultura basada en la confianza y en valores cooperativos y de fortalecer las instituciones y políticas públicas eficaces y transparentes, representa un importante activo para la consecución de un desarrollo social sostenible.
Este artículo presenta un nuevo marco conceptual para el estudio del capital social en el desarrollo regional, así como la primera investigación empírica del capital social del tejido empresarial andaluz, incluyendo el estudio de sus redes empresariales e institucionales. Los resultados, a partir de una encuesta a más de 600 empresas, muestran la contribución del capital social al mejor funcionamiento del tejido productivo y del sistema de innovación regional.
El empleo de las mujeres en la España democrática y el impacto de la Gran Recesión
Authors: Lina Gálvez & Paula Rodríguez Modroño, 2013
Presiones de oferta y demanda sobre políticas formales de cuidados en Latinoamérica
América Latina está envejeciendo. Más rápido, peor y con menos recursos financieros de lo que lo ... more América Latina está envejeciendo. Más rápido, peor y con menos recursos financieros de lo que lo hicieron los países ricos. Los sistemas de protección social de la población dependiente en la región tampoco parecen estar preparados para hacer frente a este impacto. En este contexto, el presente trabajo trata de dar respuesta a dos cuestiones: ¿tienen los gobiernos latinoamericanos tiempo para reaccionar?, ¿disponen de recursos para hacerlo?
Para responder a estos interrogantes se evalúa la situación actual de los países de la región en relación con las condiciones en las que se encontraban una quincena de países ricos cuando desarrollaron sus sistemas para el cuidado de personas dependientes. Para esto se identificaron los años de inicio o de reforma de los sistemas de protección a la dependencia en 15 países desarrollados. Se seleccionaron variables de transición demográfica y recursos económicos en cada año y caso. Estos valores se compararon con la situación actual de 18 países latinoamericanos.
Los resultados muestran que países como Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica o Uruguay podrían estar ya sufriendo una intensa presión de cuidados. La inexistencia o insuficiencia de políticas formales de cuidados puede conducir a situaciones económicas y sociales muy negativas para estos países y sus sociedades. El resto de países muestra aún un margen favorable, aunque también registra significativamente menos recursos económicos.
Young people living as couples: How women’s labour supply is adapting to the crisis. Spain as a case study
Economic Systems 39 (2015) 27-42, Mar 1, 2015
In this paper, we focus on the effects of the Great Recession on the decisions of young women reg... more In this paper, we focus on the effects of the Great Recession on the decisions of young women regarding their labour supply. Considering the profound effect of the economic recession on the Spanish labour market, and in particular on the labour supply of young people, the focus of the empirical part of this paper is on Spain. Using EU-SILC 2007 and 2012 micro data for Spain, the labour supply models of women are estimated by age group, with a particular focus on the 20 to 29 and 30 to 39 age bands, in order to establish how young women living in couples exhibit different labour supply propensities according to their partner’s labour market status. Correction is made for the non-random selection of women living in couples in the younger age groups. This first analytical step reveals a negative effect on the likelihood of forming a new household in the context of precarious employment conditions. Analytical results regarding the labour supply of women by age group confirmed a discouraging effect of young children on the labour supply of the youngest mothers, as well as a positive effect from being the owner of a house purchased under mortgage. The literature shows that different effects can be at work within the crisis: an added worker effect (AWE), which is countercyclical labour supply behaviour involving an increase in individual labour
supply in response to transitory shocks in the partner’s earnings, and a procyclical discouraged worker effect. The resulting estimations of the present study suggest an AWE in 2012 for young women living in couples. While in 2012 the discouragement effect was only prevalent for women over 40, in 2007 it was also prevalent among younger women. Women’s higher propensity to enter the labour market when their partner becomes unemployed or is persistently unemployed, coupled with their likelihood to be inactive in the presence of young children, would suggest a need for labour market policies targeted towards young women. Childcare facilities could mitigate the latter effect and produce a more continuous work profile, avoiding the negative effects of work experience interruptions on labour supply during the female lifecycle.
Wellbeing gender budgets combine the analysis of institutions' budgets from a double perspective:... more Wellbeing gender budgets combine the analysis of institutions' budgets from a double perspective: gender and wellbeing. This paper applies the wellbeing gender budget approach to institutions that affect education, which can be considered as a basic capability with positive effects not only on other dimensions of wellbeing but also on gender equality. Two tertiary education institutions provide the focus: the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, in Modena, Italy; and Pablo de Olavide University, in Seville, Spain. The phases in the analysis are described together with the main results obtained, which lead to the planning of further research activities and policy implications.
Este artículo emplea el análisis feminista para estudiar las consecuencias de la crisis y de las ... more Este artículo emplea el análisis feminista para estudiar las consecuencias de la crisis y de las políticas de austeridad sobre el trabajo y condiciones de vida de mujeres y hombres, y el impacto sobre las desigualdades de género y otras que las atraviesan. La refamilización de los cuidados, por el adelgazamiento del Estado y las privatizaciones, y el incremento de la precariedad laboral están teniendo un fuerte impacto negativo en el bienestar y las oportunidades presentes y futuras de las mujeres, que pueden poner en riesgo los aún débiles avances conseguidos en igualdad de género.
Feminist Economics, 2011
Using Harmonised European Time-Use Survey (HETUS) data, this study shows how care work that takes... more Using Harmonised European Time-Use Survey (HETUS) data, this study shows how care work that takes place outside the marketplace represents an essential and distinctive part of national economies. Cross-national comparisons show persistent patterns and differences in observed gender inequalities on total workload and care responsibilities. This country-by-country and group-by-group analysis is based on cluster methodology. The main finding is that including time use in gendered analyses of welfare regimes shows how unpaid care work is at the core of gender inequality in all countries. The results of this analysis indicate that Eastern European countries are very heterogeneous and are distributed across three out of the four clusters obtained, a finding that constitutes a new departure point for analysis. Based on these findings, this study makes public policy recommendations about the importance of time-use surveys and how to improve the quality of care without decreasing women's well-being and autonomy.
(2011) Gálvez Muñoz, Lina, Rodríguez Modroño, Paula, & Domínguez Serrano, Mónica: “Work and Time Use By Gender: A New Clustering of European Welfare Systems”, Feminist Economics vol. 17 , pp.125-157
This article presents a historical analysis of the economic crises of the last hundred years from... more This article presents a historical analysis of the economic crises of the last hundred years from a feminist economics perspective, highlighting three historical patterns that can help to advance in a deeper understanding of the current crisis and, above all, to guarantee a way out of this crisis with more and not less equality. The first pattern is that crises result in an intensification of women's work, especially the unpaid care work. The second one is that after economic crises male employment recovery is always previous to the female employment, which always ends even more precarious; and the third pattern is that crisis lead to setbacks in the advances made in gender equality in terms of regulation, equality policies and the rules of the game in general.
(2013) Gálvez, L.; Rodríguez, P., “La desigualdad de género en las crisis económicas”, Informes CIP del Instituto de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 7. http://www.icps.cat/archivos/CiPdigital/CiP-I7Galvez_Rodriguez.pdf
(2011) Gálvez, L.; Rodríguez, P., “La desigualdad de género en las crisis económicas”. Investigaciones Feministas, 2: 113-132. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/INFE/article/view/38607/37332
Wellbeing gender budgets combine the analysis of institutions' budgets from a double perspective:... more Wellbeing gender budgets combine the analysis of institutions' budgets from a double perspective: gender and wellbeing. This paper applies the wellbeing gender budget approach to institutions that affect education, which can be considered as a basic capability with positive effects not only on other dimensions of wellbeing but also on gender equality. Two tertiary education institutions provide the focus: the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, in Modena, Italy; and Pablo de Olavide University, in Seville, Spain. The phases in the analysis are described together with the main results obtained, which lead to the planning of further research activities and policy implications.
(2015) Addabbo, T.; Rodríguez, P.; Gálvez Muñoz, L., “Gender Budgeting in Education from a Wellbeing Approach: An Application to Italy and Spain”, Politica Economica. Journal of Economic Policy, 2/2015, pp.195-212. https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.1429/80933
Papers by Paula Rodríguez-Modroño
Women have historically played an important hidden role in family firms, and a great deal of rese... more Women have historically played an important hidden role in family firms, and a great deal of research is now shedding light on this role. In spite of the more formal nature of female work at the present day, still a considerable volume of women's contributions in family firms is unregistered and unpaid, even in developed regions. A questionnaire was administered in 2011 to 396 women working in small and medium-sized family firms located in Andalucia, a Southern European region, characterized by familialism and a large informal economy. Our results confirm the persistence of subordinate forms of unpaid family collaboration due to the neutrality assigned to female contributions under the traditional gendered division of work. But also this study shows how some of the women voluntarily embrace subordinate roles as a temporary way to gain professional experience, useful for their future work inside or outside the family firm.
Las raíces neoliberales de la crisis económica e institucional en España desde un enfoque feminista. Pensar desde abajo, 61-84
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Articles in refereed journals by Paula Rodríguez-Modroño
well-being and autonomy.
Este artículo presenta un nuevo marco conceptual para el estudio del capital social en el desarrollo regional, así como la primera investigación empírica del capital social del tejido empresarial andaluz, incluyendo el estudio de sus redes empresariales e institucionales. Los resultados, a partir de una encuesta a más de 600 empresas, muestran la contribución del capital social al mejor funcionamiento del tejido productivo y del sistema de innovación regional.
Para responder a estos interrogantes se evalúa la situación actual de los países de la región en relación con las condiciones en las que se encontraban una quincena de países ricos cuando desarrollaron sus sistemas para el cuidado de personas dependientes. Para esto se identificaron los años de inicio o de reforma de los sistemas de protección a la dependencia en 15 países desarrollados. Se seleccionaron variables de transición demográfica y recursos económicos en cada año y caso. Estos valores se compararon con la situación actual de 18 países latinoamericanos.
Los resultados muestran que países como Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica o Uruguay podrían estar ya sufriendo una intensa presión de cuidados. La inexistencia o insuficiencia de políticas formales de cuidados puede conducir a situaciones económicas y sociales muy negativas para estos países y sus sociedades. El resto de países muestra aún un margen favorable, aunque también registra significativamente menos recursos económicos.
supply in response to transitory shocks in the partner’s earnings, and a procyclical discouraged worker effect. The resulting estimations of the present study suggest an AWE in 2012 for young women living in couples. While in 2012 the discouragement effect was only prevalent for women over 40, in 2007 it was also prevalent among younger women. Women’s higher propensity to enter the labour market when their partner becomes unemployed or is persistently unemployed, coupled with their likelihood to be inactive in the presence of young children, would suggest a need for labour market policies targeted towards young women. Childcare facilities could mitigate the latter effect and produce a more continuous work profile, avoiding the negative effects of work experience interruptions on labour supply during the female lifecycle.
(2011) Gálvez Muñoz, Lina, Rodríguez Modroño, Paula, & Domínguez Serrano, Mónica: “Work and Time Use By Gender: A New Clustering of European Welfare Systems”, Feminist Economics vol. 17 , pp.125-157
(2013) Gálvez, L.; Rodríguez, P., “La desigualdad de género en las crisis económicas”, Informes CIP del Instituto de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 7. http://www.icps.cat/archivos/CiPdigital/CiP-I7Galvez_Rodriguez.pdf
(2011) Gálvez, L.; Rodríguez, P., “La desigualdad de género en las crisis económicas”. Investigaciones Feministas, 2: 113-132. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/INFE/article/view/38607/37332
(2015) Addabbo, T.; Rodríguez, P.; Gálvez Muñoz, L., “Gender Budgeting in Education from a Wellbeing Approach: An Application to Italy and Spain”, Politica Economica. Journal of Economic Policy, 2/2015, pp.195-212. https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.1429/80933
Papers by Paula Rodríguez-Modroño