HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 13, 2023
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific r... more HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
The aim of this paper is to estimate the extent of social specialization of residential space wit... more The aim of this paper is to estimate the extent of social specialization of residential space within the French Riviera metropolitan area. Unlike classical approaches, where social groups are pre-defined through given characteristics of households, our approach determines clusters of households inductively. Socio-demographic characteristics of households are thus measured through 16 different indicators. Clustering is then carried out through the optimization of two distinct criteria. Simulated annealing, simple and multiobjective Genetic Algorithm were adapted for this purpose and has produced pertinent results.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2022
A millennia-old urban history shaped Mediterranean inner cities , 2014, whereas overall weak regu... more A millennia-old urban history shaped Mediterranean inner cities , 2014, whereas overall weak regulatory frameworks and attempts of forced modernization produced patchworks of informal, deregulated neighborhoods and top-down planned urban projects during the last decades. The urbanization process within the self-organized context is a fruit of two (overlapped) processes: self-constructed popular urbanization ) and informal but market-driven and developer-led plot-by-plot urbanization , in which it could be combined in space and time. The paper will focus on the self-organized system as a way for inhabitants themselves to build their own neighborhoods and fulfill their needs. Deregulated settlements from Rome (Italy), and Jerusalem (Palestine) have been taken as case studies to understand the resulting urban morphology and to formulate hypotheses on the self-organized system efficiency in responding to inhabitant needs, representing the human scale approach, and producing a more adaptive and complex system than the regulated plans and projects. Questioning the advantages and shortcomings of self-organized systems brings to the table alternatives to traditional urban planning theories, norms, and approaches, especially when it comes to urban complexity and inhabitant satisfaction in a structural lack of public funding and intervention capacity.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 12, 2018
Cities are complex systems characterized by the interplay between self-organization and attempts ... more Cities are complex systems characterized by the interplay between self-organization and attempts of (incomplete) control from decision makers and planners. The kind of knowledge we can have of such systems and their future development is always approximative and uncertain. This puts in crisis the traditional approach of rational comprehensive urban planning, based on future state prediction and system control . Even more, in a context of accelerated socioeconomic and technological change, uncertainty pervades the very external environment in which the evolution of the city takes place. "Planning" the complex city in a changing complex world is one of the main challenges for the coming decades. For some authors, the task is simply impossible. In economics, already argued that we cannot achieve detailed, specific knowledge for complex social systems, but only knowledge in principle which is qualitative and refers to typical system behaviors. Taleb (2007) even suggests that this knowledge could be challenged by the occurrence of black swans, unpredictable disruptive events. Moroni (2015), as well as Alfasi and Portugali (2007) thus propose to renounce to patterning instruments (like land-use plans and urban projects) and to limit system control to framework instruments defining the rules of market-like interaction among self-organizing free agents. However, these authors overlook the fact that any system of rules acts as a filter on possible urban forms and injects assumptions on the kind of spatial patterns to be achieved. Moreover, as Moroni (2015) admits, public authorities will always be asked to supply the morphological infrastructure (streets, public space and facilities) for private self-organization, which begs the questions of what form this infrastructure should have and how to justify it. A different strain of literature argues for new approaches to urban planning, instead of renouncement to planning. Shared projects produced within urban strategic foresight are seen as a way to coordinate the actions of private and public actors (Loinger and Spohr 2005, Blecic et Cecchini 2016). Self-organization is not denied, but steered by a common vision. Uncertainty is not seen as a handicap that plans try to reduce, but as an unavoidable epistemic condition and even as a positive resource in scenario building. The question still remains, though, of the most suitable spatial organization of the physical elements of the city in the face of an uncertain future. If plan flexibility and possible
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 29, 2021
Micro-interfaces public/privé, clé d'entrée extrêmement féconde pour étudier adaptation des forme... more Micro-interfaces public/privé, clé d'entrée extrêmement féconde pour étudier adaptation des formes urbaines à l'insertion d'une grande infrastructure. Comptages, photographie, entretiens, analyse morphologique : compléments nécessaires pour contextualiser les interfaces et révéler leur fonctionnement. Voie rapide Pierre Mathis, un projet d'ingénierie des transports dont le rôle urbanistique reste à ce jour un impensé. La « violence » urbaine de cette infrastructure est indéniable et induit une série de réactions protectives de la part du tissu urbain, notamment par le biais de l'adaptation des interfaces. Avec le temps, la voie rapide a renforcé certaines dynamiques de différenciation spatiale entre quartiers. Quel futur pour la voie rapide à l'heure de la décarbonisation de nos sociétés et de la remise en discussion de l'automobile dans la ville ? Ne pas sous-estimer le rôle de frein de la voie rapide à la gentrification généralisé du centre de Nice (ex. Thiers, Saint-Philippe, Saint-Lambert).
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2020
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific r... more HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2016
Instead of defining a priori target populations, sociodemographic variables and sector of residen... more Instead of defining a priori target populations, sociodemographic variables and sector of residence are combined in order to identify geographically meaningful clusters of households on the French Riviera. A Bayesian classifier produces uncertainty-based clusters whose uncertain knowledge is represented through an interactive geo-dataviz solution. Cluster characteristics, sociodemographic content of geographic sectors, socio-spatial contrasts between neighboring sectors and proximity in variable space are explored taking into consideration the uncertain character of the available knowledge.
Proceedings 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age
Irem Erin¹, Alessandro Araldi², Giovanni Fusco2, Ebru Cubukcu1, ¹City and Regional Planning Depar... more Irem Erin¹, Alessandro Araldi², Giovanni Fusco2, Ebru Cubukcu1, ¹City and Regional Planning Department. Dokuz Eylul University. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi-Mimarlık Fakültesi Tınaztepe Kampüsü, Doğuş Caddesi No:209, 35160 Buca- IZMIR, Turkey ²Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, UMR ESPACE. 98 Bd Edouard Herriot, BP 3209 06204 NICE cedex 3, France E-mail: irem.erin@deu.edu.tr, alessandro.araldi@unice.fr, giovanni.fusco@unice.fr, ebru.cubukcu@deu.edu.trTelephone number: +905363341475 Keywords (3-5): Morphological analysis, quantitative methods, urban design, environmental psychology Urban morphology investigates “how cities are built and why, how cities should be built, what should be built and what has actually been built?” (Moudon 1997). Together with the qualitative analysis, the founding fathers of urban morphology also proposed quantitative measures of urban fabrics. Allain's methodological work (2004) presents an overview of these quantitative analyses of topological, dimensional an...
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 8, 2022
Research questions : What are the morphotypes in a vast metropolitan area? How they relate to eac... more Research questions : What are the morphotypes in a vast metropolitan area? How they relate to each other? How are they organized in space? Specificities of the MFA protocol Multiple Fabric Assessment (MFA) a new computer-based protocol to detect and describe morphotypes 2016-2020 : Development of first version (applications French Riviera,
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 6, 2019
Retail activity presence in urban space is of paramount importance when considering the vivacity,... more Retail activity presence in urban space is of paramount importance when considering the vivacity, livability and walkability of streets and neighborhoods . Urban designers, planners and geographers highlight how some urban morphological characteristics might define those urban spaces where higher retail densities are detected. Space Syntax and Multiple Centrality Assessment (MCA, Porta et al 2008) are two well-known approaches for studying the configuration of street networks, which have been used for this purpose. Based on the hypothesis of natural movement, these methods propose advanced calculations of proximity, accessibility and centrality-based measures, at the intra-urban level. Studies where these techniques were implemented showed how retail distribution may also be explained by network configurational properties. Nevertheless, these studies only focus on one aspect of the urban environment (i.e., the configuration of the street network). It might well be, though, that also the urban fabric could be closely related to the location of retail and economic activities. The configuration of the street network and the urban fabric might thus represent two complementary aspects. To some extent, previous empirical works considered both aspects as they focused on areas with a continuous urban form. For example, Omer and Goldblatt (2015), highlighted how traditional studies examined urban networks "mainly in cities characterized by either a deformed grid-like street pattern or by a planned perfect grid". The same authors studied how the presence of retail and configurational properties varied across neighborhoods which had undergone different processes of urban growths (i.e., planned vs self-organized). Svetsuk (2012) focused his analysis on "dense urban environments", where the characteristics of the urban fabric could be considered homogenous.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 1, 2019
New objects, new diffusion processes, new centralities, new standardized techno-ecodistricts vs. ... more New objects, new diffusion processes, new centralities, new standardized techno-ecodistricts vs. selective urban blight. Classical sustainability issues (resources, pollution, socioeconomic dev.) + more existential ones (place identity, heritage vs. globalization, spatial solidarity, early obsolescence of new urban objects in the face of disruptive change). … form is the mirror of these changes, the study of urban form can reveal ways of dealing with them. '70s-'80s : Failure of RCP, failure of modernist forms… Pruitt-Igoe, Saint Louis, 1972
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 1, 2021
Le commerce dans son contexte physique : comprendre les tissus commerciaux dans la ville. Retails... more Le commerce dans son contexte physique : comprendre les tissus commerciaux dans la ville. Retailscape and Urban Landscape: an empirical study of the spatial organization of retail within the physical city. 3 Septembre 2021 -Territoires marchands à l'heure du commerce connecté Une séparation pratique, permettant une certaine économie intellectuelle dans les études disciplinaires. Impression fallacieuse : fonctionnements répondent à des lois socioéconomiques (domaines de l'économie et de la sociologie), les formes physiques sont (au choix) : le produit de l'histoire et des décisions politiques aux différentes époques, un fait géographique, l'issue du processus morphologique, etc. En réalité fonctionnements ont une base matérielle qui a une forme physique (bâtiments, espaces ouverts, espaces de circulation)… même une organisation sociologique de base, la famille mononucléaire, trouve dans logement 4P une forme matérielle qui est consubstantielle a son fonctionnement. En général, liens forts entre formes physiques et fonctionnements car les premiers facilitent/contraignent les seconds et implantation fonctions contribue à façonner les formes. Disciplines différents développent des savoirs sophistiqués et spécifiques à ces deux aspects. Il s'agit de les recomposer.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 8, 2018
Urban retail distribution within the urban space contributes to the vitality and economic prosper... more Urban retail distribution within the urban space contributes to the vitality and economic prosperity of streets and neighborhoods. Moreover, different retail patterns represent the specific outcome of the surrounding socio-economic fabric. Several models of retail activity distribution have been proposed in the scientific literature of economic geography in order to study the spatial organization of these retail patterns. Despite the large debate about the validity of these models, few empirical based studied have been proposed. Micro retail location data has been the subject of studies from different disciplines; statistic point pattern analysis methodologies have recently been presented as a way to detect spatial concentrations of a point pattern. Yet, concentration is not the only significant aspect defining retail fabric. Form and function represent the two main characteristics identified from the economic geography literature participating simultaneously to the definition of retail districts. In this paper a new bottom-up data-based methodology is proposed in order to assess retail distribution starting from a store point pattern representation on a street network. Theory-based indicators are implemented with geoprocessing approaches, allowing the recognition of morpho-functional patterns. Bayesian Classification methods are then applied to these spatial patterns. Retail fabrics and their spatial organization are identified and described. This methodology is applied in this paper to the real case study of the French Riviera metropolitan region.
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Papers by Giovanni Fusco