Papers by Itojong A Ayamba
The paper presents the effect of clashes between herders and farmers to food insecurity in SouthE... more The paper presents the effect of clashes between herders and farmers to food insecurity in SouthEast Nigeria, based on two dimensions of food security namely food availability and food accessibility. These violent confrontations disrupt farming activities, causing farmers to abandon their lands or hinder crop cultivation, thereby reducing available food resources. Additionally, the paper explores how climate change amplifies resource competition, leading to more frequent and intense conflicts over land and water. The migration of pastoralists, particularly from the Sahel region, further complicates the situation and intensifies food insecurity. Using theoretical frameworks like eco-violence and frustration-aggression, the paper highlights the nexus between ecological pressures, resource scarcity, and violent conflict. Moreover, these clashes hinder food accessibility by driving up food prices and disrupting trade and distribution channels. In response, the study recommends that the federal government implement climate change mitigation strategies, such as afforestation initiatives under the Great Green Wall, and promote cattle domestication through the enforcement of anti-open grazing laws and the establishment of ranches. Peaceful coexistence through education and local association with traditional institutions is also needed and should be nurtured as much as possible. These integrated policy interventions are essential to address the root causes of the conflict and mitigate its effects on food security in SouthEast Nigeria.
This study interrogates the implications of winner-takes-all politics for democratic stability in... more This study interrogates the implications of winner-takes-all politics for democratic stability in Nigeria's Fourth Republic. Relying on a qualitative analysis of political developments from 1999 to 2023, it contends that Nigeria's political system, structured around zero-sum electoral contests, fosters exclusion, heightens inter-group animosity, and undermines democratic consolidation. Drawing on elite theory and supported by documented cases of power centralization, executivelegislative friction, and electoral violence, the paper demonstrates that the current framework sustains political volatility and erodes citizen trust. The study advocates a shift toward inclusive governance through electoral and constitutional reforms that promote power-sharing and participatory democracy.
Journal of Public Administration, Policy and Governance Research (JPAPGR), 2025
This paper examines the nexus between globalization and insecurity as well as migration phenomena... more This paper examines the nexus between globalization and insecurity as well as migration phenomena in Nigeria. The issue of globalization has continued to exert a tremendous negative influence on the nation in the areas of insecurity and migration. This implies that both insecurity and migration challenges in the country are triggered by globalization in order to sustain the Western domination and exploitation of the country's available resources. The influx of non-Nigerian nationals in the country distorted the peaceful and coherent internal structures of the Nigerian communities before the era of colonialism, leading to the present spate of national security threats. Consequent upon this, the emigration of Nigerians to those advanced countries for a better living standard and safety is equally been made possible. The paper aims to interrogate the impact of globalization on insecurity in Nigeria and to examine the extent to which globalization affects migration in Nigeria. The dependency theory and world system theory were employed to explicate the relationship between globalization and the issues of insecurity and migration in Nigeria. The study adopted a qualitative methodology where data were collected from secondary sources. The findings of the study amongst others show that globalization instigates insecurity in Nigeria through the influx of illegal non-Nigerians into the country. It was therefore recommended amongst others that policies that promote inclusivity and social cohesion should be crafted and implemented in order to forestall the indices that have escalated insecurity problems; and government should invest in education and vocational training programs that align with market demands so as to help combat brain drain and enhance local capacity.
CONFLICT RESEARCH, 2024
This paper investigates the complex dynamics of elections, conflict, and the pervasive winner-tak... more This paper investigates the complex dynamics of elections, conflict, and the pervasive winner-takes-all politics in Africa. Winner-takes-all politics has significant implications for democracy, governance, and social stability in the region. Firstly, the paper explores the concept of winner-takes-all politics, defining it as a system where the victor in an election claims all the power and resources, marginalizing opposition groups and fostering a zero-sum political environment. This approach often results in exclusion, inequality, and heightened political tensions. Secondly, the paper investigates the causes of winner-takes-all politics in Africa, highlighting factors such as historical legacies, ethnic divisions, weak institutions, resource curse and international influence. Subsequently, the paper examines the winner-takes-all landscape in selected African countries, presenting case studies that illustrate how this political practice manifests in different contexts and its impact on governance and social cohesion. The discussion section critically analyses the implications of winner-takes-all politics on democracy, conflict resolution, and nation-building in Africa. Furthermore, the paper explores potential solutions to mitigate the negative effects of winner-takes-all politics, emphasizing the importance of inclusive governance, electoral reforms, and power-sharing mechanisms.
Socialscientia Journal of the Social Sciences and Humanities, 2024
Despite legislative breakthroughs and constitutional provisions and commitments to regional and i... more Despite legislative breakthroughs and constitutional provisions and commitments to regional and international human rights conventions and treaties, gender inequality remains a worrisome trend in Nigeria and Africa in general. This paper, thus, examines the National Gender Policy in Nigeria and the various dimensions of gaps in it that inhibit women. The paper adopted the descriptive method of research, drawing data mainly from secondary sources. The data were analyzed qualitatively. Major findings show that there are still gray areas in the National Gender Policy that bother on legal framework, implementation and enforcement, access to education, economic empowerment, politics and decision making. The study recommends among others that government should review and update existing laws to align with international standards on gender equality as well as put in place mechanisms to monitor and evaluate the implementation of gender policies at all levels of government.
International Journal of Social Science Studies, 2019
Corruption in Nigeria, as in several other countries across the globe, is a serious scourge that ... more Corruption in Nigeria, as in several other countries across the globe, is a serious scourge that continues to expose the country to developmental setbacks in the political, economic and social facets. Apart from the unquantifiable financial resources lost annually to corruption in the private and public sectors, almost all of Nigeria’s security, social, ethnic, political and religious conflicts can be traced to corruption directly or indirectly. Whistleblowing, as an anti-corruption mechanism, has proven to be effective in many parts of the world. This paper, from a background of rentierism, attempts to examine the epistemology of Nigeria’s whistleblowing policy as well as the effectiveness, limitations, and justifications for the enhancement of the policy. The descriptive design was employed as the methodology of the study. Data were obtained mainly from secondary sources. The Theory of Two Publics was employed as theoretical framework for the study. The paper identifies insufficie...
JOURNAL OF POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE STUDIES, 2019
There has been renewed interest in public service delivery related issues in many developed and d... more There has been renewed interest in public service delivery related issues in many developed and developing nations. This revival is occasioned by the dramatic developments in science and technology across the globe and the resultant application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in public administration. E-governance as a new paradigm in public administration, the paper argues, has drastically altered traditional service delivery methods and interactions between government and its stakeholders the world over. In Nigeria, the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policy drives e-governance activities. The paper relied mainly on secondary sources of data, and explores some dimensions of e-governance in Nigeria. The paper submits that e-governance should not only be viewed as a technology project but as a transformative use of technology and networks to improve public sector performance and governance.
GENDER STUDIES, 2018
This paper examined the challenges and prospects of women participating significantly in politics... more This paper examined the challenges and prospects of women participating significantly in politics and also contesting for political positions, and how it affects the welfare of women. The political arena is plagued with gender inequalities; the gap in female gender representation in political systems is therefore worrisome. Despite legislative breakthrough, the female gender remains vastly underrepresented in policy-making structures. This inequality is seen in female gender representation in the democratic government since 1999. The role women play during electioneering campaigns and voting demands that they take part significantly in policy making in Nigeria as their male counterparts. Equal representation in policy-making structures is far from being realized owing to few women participating in politics and seeking electoral positions. A key cornerstone is the integration of gender quality into the governance structures. The paper adopted the descriptive method of research, drawing data mainly from secondary sources. The data was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Major findings included amongst others: the characteristics of womanhood, women are not interested in politics owing to the violent nature of politics, women are financially handicapped as politics demands heavy expenditures-from purchase of nomination form to campaign in elections. Major recommendations were as follows: women participating in politics in large numbers; women should come together to form organizations and empower themselves financially; women should accept and vote women who contest in elections; and cultural and religious barriers should be dismantled and in our patriarchal society, men should accept women as equals and not looking down on them as their property.
IDENTITY MANAGEMENT, 2016
This paper examines some dimensions of the national identity management policy in Nigeria. It spe... more This paper examines some dimensions of the national identity management policy in Nigeria. It specifically highlights the economic and social benefits of the policy. It argues that there is the need to look beyond mere issuance of smart cards or identification cards as the goal of identity management. Rather, its ability to transform society socioeconomically should be explored taking into consideration the biometric and demographic environment already in place. Government's indifference and citizens' lack of trust in government and technology have been blamed for the current environment of identity management in Nigeria. The paper submits that since a sound national Identity management system is linked with and complements the development of the sociopolitical and socioeconomic processes, there is therefore the need for government to make the environment conducive and convenient for an effective national identity management; and the national identity management policy should be sustained irrespective of changes in government.
DEVELOPMENT IMPERATIVES OF CONTEMPORARY CROSS RIVER STATE, 2019
International Journal of Social Science Studies Vol. 7, No. 2; March 2019 ISSN 2324-8033 E-ISSN 2324-8041 Published by Redfame Publishing URL: http://ijsss.redfame.com, 2019
Corruption in Nigeria, as in several other countries across the globe, is a serious scourge that ... more Corruption in Nigeria, as in several other countries across the globe, is a serious scourge that continues to expose the
country to developmental setbacks in the political, economic and social facets. Apart from the unquantifiable financial
resources lost annually to corruption in the private and public sectors, almost all of Nigeria‟s security, social, ethnic, political and religious conflicts can be traced to corruption directly or indirectly. Whistleblowing, as an anti-corruption mechanism, has proven to be effective in many parts of the world. This paper, from a background of rentierism,
attempts to examine the epistemology of Nigeria‟s whistleblowing policy as well as the effectiveness, limitations, and justifications for the enhancement of the policy. The descriptive design was employed as the methodology of the study.
Data were obtained mainly from secondary sources. The Theory of Two Publics was employed as theoretical framework
for the study. The paper identifies insufficient legal knowledge, fear of reprisals, lack of meaningful litigation,
prebendalism/loyalty provisions, and cultural and historical barriers as some of the challenges of whistleblowing in
Nigeria. The paper submits that the policy, though a viable one, but yet to get the backing of an enabling law as at the time of this study, should be delicately formulated, assertively promoted to the public, and speedily sent to the National Assembly for consideration and passage.
Books by Itojong A Ayamba
INTRODUCTION TO PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES: SECURITY CHALLENGES AND PEACE BUILDING IN NIGERIA, 2018
This paper examines the predicament in Nigeria's identity management environment as a result of d... more This paper examines the predicament in Nigeria's identity management environment as a result of disparate identity databases. Data generation technique for the study was through the content analysis of secondary data from books, journals, magazines and web resources. Concepts related to identity, identity management, interoperability and law enforcement are amply explained in order to polish their meanings for better comprehension. The study reveals that there is in Nigeria a scenario of chaotic identity management where each institution that collects identity-related data manages its own, and there is no effective synergy to coordinate the identity management silos which are scattered all over. The conclusion drawn from the study is that there is need to harmonize identity-related data from public institutions that collect such data in order to reduce identity crisis, guarantee interoperability and derive the full benefits which identity management offers.
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Papers by Itojong A Ayamba
country to developmental setbacks in the political, economic and social facets. Apart from the unquantifiable financial
resources lost annually to corruption in the private and public sectors, almost all of Nigeria‟s security, social, ethnic, political and religious conflicts can be traced to corruption directly or indirectly. Whistleblowing, as an anti-corruption mechanism, has proven to be effective in many parts of the world. This paper, from a background of rentierism,
attempts to examine the epistemology of Nigeria‟s whistleblowing policy as well as the effectiveness, limitations, and justifications for the enhancement of the policy. The descriptive design was employed as the methodology of the study.
Data were obtained mainly from secondary sources. The Theory of Two Publics was employed as theoretical framework
for the study. The paper identifies insufficient legal knowledge, fear of reprisals, lack of meaningful litigation,
prebendalism/loyalty provisions, and cultural and historical barriers as some of the challenges of whistleblowing in
Nigeria. The paper submits that the policy, though a viable one, but yet to get the backing of an enabling law as at the time of this study, should be delicately formulated, assertively promoted to the public, and speedily sent to the National Assembly for consideration and passage.
Books by Itojong A Ayamba