Florian Krohs

Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Abteilung Mikrorobotik und Regelungstechnik, Graduate Student

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EB Brousseau

The continuing trend for producing novel micro-and nanostructured devices and components in a bro... more The continuing trend for producing novel micro-and nanostructured devices and components in a broad range of materials is a major motivating factor driving the research in the micro-and nanomanufacturing sector toward developing innovative process chains. Some of such chains enable the serial production of micro-and nanostructured parts in polymer material by combining innovatively and optimizing simultaneously master making and replication technologies.

Towards automation in AFM based nanomanipulation and electron beam induced deposition for microstructuring

Abstract To move towards complex assemblies at the micro-and nanoscale, manipulation processes ha... more Abstract To move towards complex assemblies at the micro-and nanoscale, manipulation processes have to be automated to increase throughput and accuracy. First, this paper addresses manipulation at the nanoscale by an AFM and second, automated electron beam induced deposition as a method for structuring at the microscale is presented. Nowadays, AFM based nanomanipulation still requires frequent user interaction and remains a very labor intensive task.

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Dynamic modeling, control and manipulation at the nanoscale

Journal of dynamic systems, …, Jan 1, 2009

Résumé/Abstract Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is an atomic force microscopy-based approach... more

Komponentenmarktplatz für Enterprise Java Beans

Im Bereich der Software-Entwicklung findet ein Wechsel von der rein objekt-orientierten hin zur k... more Im Bereich der Software-Entwicklung findet ein Wechsel von der rein objekt-orientierten hin zur komponentenbasierten Entwicklung statt . Voraussetzung für eine große Verbreitung dieser Methoden und Techniken sind Komponentenarchive [6]. Diese sollen Software-Entwickler unterstützen, selbst entwickelte Komponenten anzubieten und geeignete bereits bestehende Komponenten für eigene Systeme zu finden. Nur mit Hilfe von strukturierten Archiven kann eine Wiederverwendung von Komponenten ermöglicht werden. In einer Lehrveranstaltung in Form einer Projektgruppe wurde an der Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg ein Marktplatz für und mit Enterprise Java Beans entwickelt. Projektgruppen sind Veranstaltungen im Umfang von 8 SWS im Hauptstudium der Informatikausbildung an der Universität Oldenburg, in denen bis zu zwölf Studierende im Zeitraum von zwei Semestern gemeinsam ein größeres Projekt bearbeiten. Dies fand im Sommersemester 2002 und Wintersemester 2002 / 2003 in der Abteilung Software-Engineering unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Hasselbring statt. Vorgaben der Lehrveranstaltung waren, dass eine Web-Anwendung gemäß der J2EE-Architektur [5] implementiert wird, die sowohl im Internet als auch in firmeninternen Netzen eingesetzt werden kann. Dafür sollten eine Benutzerverwaltung und ein Ordnungssystem für Komponenten entwickelt werden. Eingestellte Komponenten sollten formal spezifiziert werden können, um die Aufindbarkeit zu gewährleisten. Ein Screenshot des Marktplatzes ist in Abbildung 1 zu sehen. Abbildung 1: Screenshot des Marktplatzes Technologien Der Komponenten-Marktplatz ist als Web-Anwendung gemäß der J2EE-Architektur nach einem Model-View-Controller Muster [2] realisiert worden (Abb.2). Zur Modellierung der Entitäten (Model) wurden die Möglichkeiten der EJB-Architektur genutzt, wie "

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Automated cell characterization by a nanohandling robot station

Control & Automation, 2007 …, Jan 1, 2007

Current research work on the development of a nanohandling robot station for automated characteri... more Current research work on the development of a nanohandling robot station for automated characterization of biological cells is presented. The station consists of a sample piezo scanning stage with three degrees of freedom (DoF) and a three-axes nanomanipulator that is equipped with a piezoresistive atomic force microscope (AFM) probe as an endeffector. Thus, the endeffector can be used both to measure mechanical properties of the sample and as a force sensor giving a feedback signal to the underlying control system. While the endeffector can be positioned coarsely by the nanomanipulator, fine positioning of the sample is performed by the piezo stage. As a visual sensor for the station an inverted optical microscope is utilized. The setup is enhanced by a second nano-manipulator equipped with a pipette for injection/extraction tasks or patch clamp purposes. Alternatively, a second piezoresistive AFM probe can be used as an endeffector for the second nanomanipulator. The station provides the opportunity to automatically determine a regionof-interest (i.e. a single cell) by means of object recognition in previously acquired images from the optical microscope. Next, the endeffector is brought into proximity to the sample, and an automated, mechanical characterization of the cell is performed. First experiments cover recordings of single force-distance curves to gain information on elasticity and adhesion of the cell. Using the fast piezo stage, complete adhesion or elasticity maps of the region-of-interest can be obtained. This mechanical characterization delivers valuable information about cell mechanics concerning cell to cell contact or cell motility. It is also of interest in oncology, since tumor cells tend to have a different elasticity than healthy cells. The use of a second nanomanipulator surpasses the capabilities of a standard AFM system, since it enables the station to cover areas as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction, measurements of reactions to drug injection or electrophysiological measurements of stress activated ion channels.

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AFM as a robot for automated nanohandling

Control Automation …, Jan 1, 2010

Abstract Besides its ability of high resolution imaging, the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) has be... more Abstract Besides its ability of high resolution imaging, the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) has been recognized as a valuable instrument for manipulation at the nanoscale within the last years. Promising applications of such AFM-based nanorobotic manipulation are eg the characterization of nanoentities such as CNTs and DNA or the prototypical fabrication of nanoscale components, devices, and systems based on such nanoobjects. One major problem that arises when the AFM is used as a robot for nanomanipulation is often the ...

Towards automated handling on the nano-scale

Intelligent Robots and …, Jan 1, 2008

Abstract Automated robot-based nanomanipulation is one of the key challenges of microsystem techn... more Abstract Automated robot-based nanomanipulation is one of the key challenges of microsystem technology and nano-technology. Controlled, reproducible operation on the nano-scale will enable high-throughput manufacturing of revolutionary products and open up new application fields. The ultimate goal of these research activities is the development of automated nanomanipulation processes to build a bridge between existing precise handling strategies for micro-and nano-scale objects and aspired high-throughput ...

Control system for an AFM based nanomanipulation station

Proceedings of SPIE, Jan 1, 2007

The atomic force microscope (AFM) has proven to be a valuable instrument for the characterization... more The atomic force microscope (AFM) has proven to be a valuable instrument for the characterization and manipulation of biological objects. When using the AFM as a nanomanipulation tool, two principal problems arise. First, when manipulating with the AFM, the manipulation process has to be performed in a blind way. This can partially be solved by using virtual imaging and force feedback techniques. A second, more challenging problem is caused by tip contamination and the selection of the AFM tip. If the same probe is used ...

Scanning Probe Microscopy and Instrumentation-Flexural-torsional resonance mode of a chip cantilever system: Applications to nanomachining

Journal of vacuum science & technology. B, …, Jan 1, 2009

Optomechatronic Systems Control III (Proceedings Volume)

... Visual servoing of a planar overactuated parallel robot. Author(s): Rubén Garrido;Alberto Sor... more

Flexural-torsional resonance mode of a chip cantilever system: Applications to nanomachining

Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: …, Jan 1, 2009

Abstract Cantilever vibration modes beyond the first harmonic of the standard flexural vibration ... more Abstract Cantilever vibration modes beyond the first harmonic of the standard flexural vibration mode were intensely explored in atomic force microscopy (AFM) during the past years. One example for this development is the usage of the torsional resonance mode. Further, the lateral bending mode was investigated and applied in AFM imaging and measurement. Here, the authors report on an extraordinary resonance mode of a cantilever chip system. In this mode the cantilever performs flexural as well as torsional movements. ...

Development of automated microrobot-based nanohandling stations for nanocharacterization

Microsystem …, Jan 1, 2008

Current research work on the development of automated microrobot-based nanohandling stations (AM-... more Current research work on the development of automated microrobot-based nanohandling stations (AM-NSs) using the probe of an atomic force microscope (AFM) as an endeffector is presented. The manipulation of individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the characterization of biological objects, as for instance cells or ligand-receptor bindings are aspired applications. For this reason, the developed AMNSs have to be integrated both into a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the nanomanipulation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and into an optical microscope for the cell characterization. Such an AMNS combines different micro-and nanomanipulators, each offering three degrees of freedom, in order to perform the coarse and fine positioning between object and endeffector. Piezo-resistive AFM probes are applied as endeffectors allowing to measure the acting forces and to realize force feedback for the station's control system. First, investigations have been carried out by bending MWCNTs and calculating their Young's modulus. Electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) have been developed for the microelectronics industry, and their mechanical properties have to be determined. Therefore an AMNS for the mechanical characterization of thin ECA coatings by nanoindentation inside an SEM is presented as well, showing first experimental results. The three application areas shown in this paper will provide the basis for using the considered materials in MEMS/NEMS-and biosensor-devices.

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Automated nanorobotic handling of bio-and nano-materials

… (CASE), 2010 IEEE …, Jan 1, 2010

Abstract Automated handling on the nanoscale is a crucial challenge for commercialization of bio-... more Abstract Automated handling on the nanoscale is a crucial challenge for commercialization of bio-and nano-technologies. This paper describes current implementations towards two fields of application: Micro-nano integration for NEMS prototyping, and biosensor development.(1) The integration of nanomaterials into micro-systems can improve the properties of such systems and enable novel innovative solutions. Using nanorobotic systems operating inside the vacuum chamber of a scanning electron microscope is a ...

Towards automated nanoassembly with the atomic force microscope: A versatile drift compensation procedure

Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and …, Jan 1, 2009

Résumé/Abstract While the atomic force microscope (AFM) was mainly developed to image the topogra... more Résumé/Abstract While the atomic force microscope (AFM) was mainly developed to image the topography of a sample, it has been discovered as a powerful tool also for nanomanipulation applications within the last decade. A variety of different manipulation types exists, ranging from dip-pen and mechanical lithography to assembly of nano-objects such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strains, or nanospheres. The latter the assembly of nano-objects, is a very promising technique for prototyping ...

Florian Krohs

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