Papers by Kornelija Ajlec
Occupation borders in Slovenia 1941–1945, 2022
Occupation Borders in Slovenia 1941-1945, 2022
The three-year basic research project on the Occupational Borders began on May 1, 2017, and will ... more The three-year basic research project on the Occupational Borders began on May 1, 2017, and will end on April 30, 2020. It is intended to examine the impact of the borders, as well as their precise geographical delineation, with which four occupiers quartered Slovenia, planning to wipe out its population. Unless they were deported, the Slovenes had to adjust to the new reality of life along heavily entrenched and often deadly borders. These were mostly placed where they had never existed in history and consequently deeply cut into the everyday life of the local population, in their daily relations with relatives and neighbors, while complicating the daily delivery of food and other supplies, religious comfort, and other mundane tasks that are taken for granted during the time of peace. The project is designed as a classic historical project with work in archives and libraries. Within the research topic, however, the novelty of the so-called public history, which largely follows the bottom-up historical view. As a result, researchers focus more on interviews with individuals, the last living generation who personally experienced World War II when they were children. By the time the paper was prepared, 184 interviews were recorded, ranging in length from half an hour to three hours. They are complemented by extensive research on material remains in the field, from boundary stones, trenches, to the remains of guard towers, bunkers, and wire fences, which are recorded and entered into GPS systems and maps. At the same time, project members ensure the regular dissemination of project results through online social networks, exhibitions, documentaries, lectures, scientific and popular articles, and by appearing in local and national media, following the principle of exploring history for the widest possible range of the public. 80 years ago, occupation borders touched almost every inhabitant of Slovenia. Even those who lived far from national borders could quickly find themselves in the barbed wire ring, as the occupiers surrounded numerous Slovenian towns with barbed wire, the same way they did with national borders, and thus transformed those towns into a kind of concentration camps. Tragic stories of secret passages, many of which ended tragically, were shared by many witnesses. The stories have marked them and have stayed with them and their families through the decades until today.
Okupacijske meje v Sloveniji, 2020
The three-year basic research project on the Occupational Borders began on May 1, 2017, and will ... more The three-year basic research project on the Occupational Borders began on May 1, 2017, and will end on April 30, 2020. It is intended to examine the impact of the borders, as well as their precise geographical delineation, with which four occupiers quartered Slovenia, planning to wipe out its population. Unless they were deported, the Slovenes had to adjust to the new reality of life along heavily entrenched and often deadly borders. These were mostly placed where they had never existed in history and consequently deeply cut into the everyday life of the local population, in their daily relations with relatives and neighbors, while complicating the daily delivery of food and other supplies, religious comfort, and other mundane tasks that are taken for granted during the time of peace. The project is designed as a classic historical project with work in archives and libraries. Within the research topic, however, the novelty of the so-called public history, which largely follows the bottom-up historical view. As a result, researchers focus more on interviews with individuals, the last living generation who personally experienced World War II when they were children. By the time the paper was prepared, 184 interviews were recorded, ranging in length from half an hour to three hours. They are complemented by extensive research on material remains in the field, from boundary stones, trenches, to the remains of guard towers, bunkers, and wire fences, which are recorded and entered into GPS systems and maps. At the same time, project members ensure the regular dissemination of project results through online social networks, exhibitions, documentaries, lectures, scientific and popular articles, and by appearing in local and national media, following the principle of exploring history for the widest possible range of the public. 80 years ago, occupation borders touched almost every inhabitant of Slovenia. Even those who lived far from national borders could quickly find themselves in the barbed wire ring, as the occupiers surrounded numerous Slovenian towns with barbed wire, the same way they did with national borders, and thus transformed those towns into a kind of concentration camps. Tragic stories of secret passages, many of which ended tragically, were shared by many witnesses. The stories have marked them and have stayed with them and their families through the decades until today.
Yugoslav refugees and British relief workers in Italian and Egyptian refugee camps, 1944–6
Internationalists in European History
100 let Univerze v Ljubljani / ur. (ed.) Aleš Gabrič, 2020
Deprivations of Autonomy and Reflections of Democratization at the University of Ljubljana in the... more Deprivations of Autonomy and Reflections of Democratization at the University of Ljubljana in the 1970's and 1980's
Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino, 2020
THE ROLE OF UNRRA IN SUPPLYING AND REPATRIATING THE YUGOSLAVIANS DISPLACED IN ITALY (1945-1947)
... more THE ROLE OF UNRRA IN SUPPLYING AND REPATRIATING THE YUGOSLAVIANS DISPLACED IN ITALY (1945-1947)
Through a critical analysis of the relevant literature and archival sources kept in the Archives of the United Nations in New York, the article outlines the provision of supplies and repatriation of the displaced Yugoslavs from Italy back to Yugoslavia with the mediation assistance of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA). Immediately after the end of the war, Yugoslavia demanded the repatriation of the displaced persons. However, people kept returning until as late as 1946 and 1947, while many of them emigrated to other countries.
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VLOGA UNRRE PRI OSKRBI IN REPATRIACIJI JUGOSLOVANSKIH RAZSELJENIH OSEB V ITALIJI (1945–1947)
S kritično analizo arhivskih virov, ki jih hrani Arhiv Organizacije združenih narodov v New Yorku, in s pomočjo literature članek prikazuje preskrbo in repatriacijo jugoslovanskih razseljenih oseb iz Italije v Jugoslavijo ob posredniški pomoči Uprave združenih narodov za pomoč in obnovo – UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration). Jugoslavija je zahtevala repatriacijo razseljenih oseb neposredno po koncu spopadov, a mnoge so se vračale še v letih 1946 in 1947, precejšnje število pa je emigriralo v tretje države.
Istorija 20. veka, 2020
As Yugoslavia slowly began to shake off the clutches of occupation, it quickly became clear that ... more As Yugoslavia slowly began to shake off the clutches of occupation, it quickly became clear that the war would leave behind enormous devastation. The damage was such that any political organization taking power in the country would have huge difficulties repairing it. The allies anticipated the problems resulting from the fighting and set up the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA). The Allied plans for reconstruction included Yugoslavia, but it was first necessary to negotiate with the local authorities and make the appropriate agreements that would allow UNRRA to enter the country. The first UNRRA staff was introduced as part of the Allied Military Liaison (AML), a military organization whose task was also to provide aid to the Allied countries. The period when the AML and UNRRA worked together was the so-called Military Period. At the same time, UNRRA negotiated with the National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia (NKOJ) and finally signed an agreement to work independently in the country. This agreement enabled UNRRA to contribute significantly to the reconstruction of Yugoslavia over the period of the next two years.
Historijski zbornik, 2019
This paper discusses the formation and the characteristics of the western Yugoslav border in pres... more This paper discusses the formation and the characteristics of the western Yugoslav border in present-day Slovenia from the end of the First World War to the end of the Second World War. It describes the so-called “Rapallo border,” which came into being afer the signing of the treaty on November 12, 1920 in the Italian town of Rapallo between the Kingdom of SCS (laterknown as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and the Kingdom of Italy. From the Slovenian point of view, Italy received one third of the Slovene ethnic territory. The border roughly followed the watershed between the Adriatic Sea basin and the Sava river basin. In the northern part, the divide followed the high mountains of the Julian Alps;in the central area, it followed the hills of the pre-Alps; and in the southern part it crossed the Dinaric Mountains. The border was marked on the ground with numerous boundary stones, while it was mapped in a scale of 1:5000. After the signing of the agreement on the course of the boundary, both sides began fortifying it. The Italians began building fortifications in the 1920s, but large-scale works, known as the Alpine Wall, did not commence until 1931. On the Yugoslav side, a similar initiative emerged in the middle of the 1920s, but major works did not start before 1935, when the construction of the so-called Rupnik line began. After the occupation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1941, the Italians signed a secret agreement regarding the course of their eastern border with the Germans. Te northern part of the Rapallo border remained an international border (between Italy and Germany), while its southern section became an internal Italian provincial border. After the Second World War, the border between Italy and Yugoslavia was shilded to the west, much closer to the Slovene western ethnic border.
Zgodovina Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani, 2019
In 1961 the Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana moved into its new premises in Aškerčeva Roa... more In 1961 the Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana moved into its new premises in Aškerčeva Road, which ten years later were occupied by the students for the first time. In the period following the students’ rebellions the Faculty underwent two major reforms. The first one sought to adapt its functioning in the spirit of self-management so that it became a Basic Organization of Associated Labour just like any other institution or enterprise in the country. The second reform was consistent with the Career-Oriented Education Act and implied changes in the study programmes. In the second half of the 1980s, the Faculty and its agents became involved in the process of democratization, while the students occupied it again in 1989 to show their support for the teaching staff who had gone on strike. In the 1990s, the Faculty began the process of adapting to the new social system and also had to deal with financial problems and with a lack of space, both of which still continue to be formidable challenges. Insufficient financial and spatial resources became even more of a problem after the introduction of new courses and/or departments such as Library Science, African and Asian Studies, and Translation Studies. The number of students constantly rose as well; in the academic year 2001/02 there were over 6,500. In those years the preparations necessary for the introduction of Bologna programmes were underway and new undergraduate courses began to be offered in the academic year 2006/07. At the close of the 2010s, the financial crisis was acutely felt as funding diminished. In a reflection of general social dissatisfaction, the Faculty was occupied by students for the third time in its history. In time the economic recession passed, but the Faculty still did not receive sufficient financing to fund its regular activities.
A partial solution was found in the funds obtained through various projects. Already in the late 1970s, the Research Institute of the Faculty of Arts was established with which one of the largest bodies of researchers in Slovenia is now associated. Some other centres were founded at the Faculty as well: first the Centre for Slovene as a Second and Foreign language and later, at the beginning of the 1980s, the Centre for Pedagogical Education as well as the Work and Study Centre, which however was soon closed down. The Work and Study Programme has evolved into a Part-Time Study Programme, which continues to be offered. The Faculty of Arts has a Central Humanities Library, which is the second largest library in the country and is organized by subject area.
Tokovi istorije / Currents of History, 2019
The idea of Yugoslavia joining the European clearing and currency convertibility system was not b... more The idea of Yugoslavia joining the European clearing and currency convertibility system was not born out of desire of integration into the Western bloc in general, but out of sheer necessity. In the beginning of the 1950’s, Yugoslavia’s foreign trade balances were in deficit, negatively affecting its economic growth and general development. The Yugoslav government consequently lobbied for a full membership in the European Payments Union. At the time, the United States of America was the largest trading partner of Yugoslavia, as well as the largest contributor of financial and military aid. In applying its policy of drawing Yugoslavia closer to the Western bloc after the Cominform Crisis of 1948, it sought to influence its West European allies into allowing Yugoslavia to make use of some of the mechanisms implemented by the EPU. However, in the beginning the member states were reluctant to let Yugoslavia align with the Union due to the political reasons surrounding the question of Trieste. Later, the association was prevented by the large trade deficits with most EPU member states. However, in 1953 Yugoslavia was allowed to enter into an affiliation with the EPU and to use some of the mechanisms. Consequently, Yugoslavia achieved currency convertibility by 1958 along with other West European countries, which was one of the overall motives for the establishment of the EPU as an organisation.
Nečakov zbornik: procesi, teme in dogodki iz 19. in 20. stoletja, 2018
The Role of the USA in the Supply of Hungarian Refugees in Yugoslavia during 1956 and 1957
Th... more The Role of the USA in the Supply of Hungarian Refugees in Yugoslavia during 1956 and 1957
The study displays the American role in assuring supplies for the Hungarian refugees in Yugoslavia after the 1956 revolution, in cooperation with the international humanitarian organizations, particularly the League of Red Cross Societies, and the Yugoslav government. Simultaneously, the article in part presents the Yugoslav role in the revolution. Illustrating the coordination of supplies, the study thoroughly focuses on the causes and reasons of this complex cooperation at the height of the Cold War, which is particularly evident in the interstate relations amongst Yugoslavia and Hungary, Yugoslavia and the USA, and the wider part of the East and West ideological bloc. The first part of this research is primarily based on the use of literature, while the second part is based on the systematic study of archival sources of the American provenance.
Annales: anali za istrske in mediteranske študije: Series Historia et Sociologia, 2017
Članek obravnava slovenska prizadevanja za mednarodno priznanje in enakopravno članstvo v OZN. Sk... more Članek obravnava slovenska prizadevanja za mednarodno priznanje in enakopravno članstvo v OZN. Skozi
prizmo arhivskih virov v fondu generalnega sekretarja Javierja Pereza de Cuellarja odstira stališča generalnega sekretarja, ki so bila zadržana in pogosto skladna s stališči držav Gibanja neuvrščenih ter prosrbskega jugoslovanskega vrha. Slovenski diplomati, podobno kot hrvaški, v tem času niso uradno sodelovali v razpravah Varnostnega sveta OZN. Njihova vloga je bila posledično skrčena na pisemsko komunikacijo ter lobiranje preko držav, ki so podpirala mednarodno priznanje novo-osamosvojenih republik. Pri tem je zlasti pomembna vloga sosednjih držav, pa tudi Nemčije, Velike Britanije in Francije. Slednji sta namreč že zelo zgodaj želeli, da bi se Varnostni svet vpletel v jugoslovanski konflikt. To je Varnostni svet nazadnje storil konec septembra 1991, ko je uvedel embargo na prodajo orožja Jugoslaviji. Medtem je bil generalni sekretar ves čas pod vplivom jugoslovanskih politikov, ki so si prizadevali za ohranitev enotnosti. Ti so se vsaj ob eni priložnosti srečali z generalnim sekretarjem na predvečer zasedanja Varnostnega sveta, kjer so družno koordinirali želen potek zasedanja. Prav tako so na Varnostni svet pritiskale države Gibanja neuvrščenih, ki so tudi želele ohraniti enotno Jugoslavijo. Na zapleteno razmerje moči kažejo tudi poročila in pogovori posebnega odposlanca OZN za Jugoslavijo Cyrusa Vancea, ki si je neuspešno prizadeval za mediacijo v konfliktu. Pri tem pa je negativno ocenjeval vlogo slovenskega političnega vrha, kljub več srečanjem in dejstvu, da je Slovenija pristajala na pogajanja za mirno razrešitev spora.
Studia Historica Slovenica, 2016
Prva svetovna vojna je močno posegla v dinamiko družinskega vsakdanjika, njegove preskrbe in razd... more Prva svetovna vojna je močno posegla v dinamiko družinskega vsakdanjika, njegove preskrbe in razdelitve tradicionalnih vlog. Z mobilizacijo moških je odšel glavni in mnogokrat edini član družine, ki je skrbel za njeno finančno preskrbo. ženske so morale poleg tradicionalne vloge gospodinje in matere prevzeti še celotno skrb za preživljenje družin. Pri tem so se posluževale številnih strategij preživetja, ki pa so bile bodisi nezadostne, bodisi nesprejemljive za družbo. V izogib tem strategijam se je Avstro-Ogrska že desetletja pred izbruhom vojne zavezala k sprejemu zakonodaje, s katero je želela za ta segment populacije ustvariti varnostno socialno mrežo. Ta je bila celo eden izmed prvih segmentov nastajajoče državne socialne politike na sploh. Uvedla je preskrbnine za svojce vojaštva in pokojnine za žene in nepreskrbljene otroke. Te so kljub svoji nizki vrednosti postale ključno dopolnilo, nemalokrat pa tudi edini dohodek v družinskem proračunu vse do zaključka prve svetovne vojne.
Borec: Skriti otroci druge svetovne vojne, 2015
Zadnji dan leta 1943 je preko Jadranskega morja odrinila prva skupina od skupaj skoraj 30.000 beg... more Zadnji dan leta 1943 je preko Jadranskega morja odrinila prva skupina od skupaj skoraj 30.000 beguncev, ki so našli zatočišče v šotorskih begunskih taboriščih Egipta. Večino so sestavljali ženske in otroci. Daleč od doma in očetov, ki so se borili proti okupatorju v domovini, so ženske prevzele vlogo samohranilk, ki so skrbele za dobrobit svojih otrok. Pri tem sta jih podpirala Centralni odbor beguncev in zavezniško vodstvo taborišč, ki sta s pomočjo britanske vojske in ameriškega Rdečega križa zagotavljala primerno
prehrano za mnogokrat podhranjene otroke in mladino. Kljub nekaterim začetnim težavam so za otroke organizirali ustrezno zdravstveno varstvo. Na pobudo beguncev in njihovega vodstva so takoj po prihodu prve skupine v Egipt organizirali tudi prvi šolski pouk, ki so ga vodili vse do končnega zaprtja taborišč. Otroci v taboriščih so imeli tudi politični pouk in so bili kot pionirčki ter mladinci vzgajani kot dobri bodoči državljani povojne socialistične Jugoslavije.
THE DESERT CHILDREN: GROWING UP IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR YUGOSLAV REFUGEE CAMPS IN EGYPT: On the last day of 1943, the first group of almost 30.000, mostly Croat refugees set sail over the Meditearrean for tented refugee camps in Egypt. Most of the refugees were women and children, who relied on the guidance of the partisan and allied administration at the camps. Many children arrived to the camps malnourished and were dependent on the military provisions to help them recover their strength as well as voluntary societies to provide adequate medical support. With plenty of iniciative amongst the refugees, the first school classes were organised immediately after the arrival of the first group. These classes evolved into proper elementary and middle schools. The children refugees were also inducted into Pioneers' Association. In this manner, the partisan administration secured excellent citizens of the new Yugoslavia, at the same time giving thern practical foundation for further education after the war.
Vol. 2, 2015
Prispevek obravnava pristop Avstro-Ogrske k izgradnji politike socialnega varstva za vojaštvo in ... more Prispevek obravnava pristop Avstro-Ogrske k izgradnji politike socialnega varstva za vojaštvo in njihove svojce v vojnem času in obdobju miru. Skozi zakonodajna besedila in članke v sloven-skem časopisju se posebej osredotoča na obdobje prve svetovne vojne. Prikazano je, da je Avstro-Ogrska vstopila v vojno razmeroma dobro »pripravljena« na področju preskrbe. Ključne besede: socialna varnost, socialna politika, prva svetovna vojna, preskrbnine, preživ-nine, pokojnine, invalidnine
MILITARY ALLOWANCES AND PENSIONS IN WORLD WAR I: LEGISLATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
The contribution discusses the Austro-Hungarian approach to the development of social security policy for military personnel and their families during war and peacetime. On the basis of legislative documents and articles in the Slovenian newspapers it specifically explores the period of World War I. It shows that Austro-Hungary entered the war relatively well-prepared as far as maintenance was concerned.
With the mobilisation of the male population during World War I, the family maintenance dynamics changed. Besides their traditional roles as housewives and mothers, women also took over the financial responsibility for their families. They resorted to various survival strategies, which were often insufficient to provide for the family, and women were frequently simply incapable to perform any kind of work. In these cases the state provided help and offered them allowances and pensions if they proved eligible. These payments were often an essential addition and sometimes even the only contribution to the family budget. As such, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy was one of the most advanced participants of World War I, since the entire structure of social transfers had already been established when the war started.
Časopis za suvremenu povijest = Journal of Contemporary History, Oct 2014
EGYPTIAN GOVERNMENT AND THE SETTLEMENT OF REFUGEE ISSUES DURING THE WORLD WAR II
During the Wo... more EGYPTIAN GOVERNMENT AND THE SETTLEMENT OF REFUGEE ISSUES DURING THE WORLD WAR II
During the World War II, tens of thousands of refugees took shelter on the territory of the Kingdom of Egypt, Persia and the broader Middle East region, then consequentially in India, East African countries and even in Mexico. Poles, Greeks, Yugoslavs - mostly Croats prevailed. Most of these refugees were concentrated in Egypt and on the Middle East since the Egyptian government was generously recieving, under the influence of Great Britain, first refugees from Greece in 1941. In any sese, the Egyptian government, influenced by the English-Egyptian Agreement from 1936, was helping the Allies to a far greaterextent, as it is mostly evident from historical works, despite the fact that Egypt officially declared war on Germany and Japan not earlier than 1945, and on Italy it had not been declared at all. The Egyptians were offering help despite a difficult economic enviroment in that predominantly agrarian country. Consequently, Egypt began putting a limit on the acceptance of refugees, or in other words, setting conditions on it. The restrictions were initially felt by the primarily British organizations and humanitarian institutions as well. The Egyptian government put a demand on the acceptance of refugees after the war, with their location in the camps during the stay and the limitation of information on refugees in local media institutions.
Studia Historica Slovenica, Dec 2013
UNRRINA TRŽAŠKA PRISTANIŠKA PISARNA (1945–1947)
POVZETEK
Organizacija Združenih narodov z... more UNRRINA TRŽAŠKA PRISTANIŠKA PISARNA (1945–1947)
POVZETEK
Organizacija Združenih narodov za pomoč in obnovo – UNRRA je prispela na jugoslovansko ozemlje neposredno po koncu druge svetovne vojne. Po prihodu se je morala soočiti s številnimi ovirami, ki so ji onemogočale nemoteno posredovanje materialne pomoči. Tako se je morala UNRRA aktivno vključiti v povojno obnovo s tem, da je pomagala pri vzpostavljanju transportnih poti. Pomoč je prihajala počasi, sprva preko le dveh jugoslovanskih pristanišč Split in Dubrovnik. Kmalu pa je prišla pobuda, da bi za dobavo pomoči zavezniki dali Unrri na voljo pristanišče v Trstu, ki je lahko čeprav poškodovano začelo z obratovanjem za unrrine namene v manj kot dveh mesecih po osvoboditvi mesta. Prav tako pa je bila ključna njegova železniška povezava z Ljubljano in Beogradom. Unrrina Jugoslovanska misija je v Trstu ustanovila pristaniško pisarno, ki je koordinirala dobavo pomoči ter posredovala pri odnosih med Zavezniško vojaško upravo v Julijski krajini. Delovala je učinkovito, saj je uspešno dobavila več sto tisoč ton zalog in drugih dobrin, ki so postale temelj povojne obnove Jugoslavije.
Zgodovinski časopis : Historical Review, Dec 2013
Yugoslav Refugees in Egypt and Their Political Affiliation
in the 1943–1946 Period
During the... more Yugoslav Refugees in Egypt and Their Political Affiliation
in the 1943–1946 Period
During the last two years of the Second World War a large group of Yugoslav citizens, most of which were from Dalmatia, lived in refugee camps in Egypt. Their journey to Egypt was made possible by an agreement between the Allied Force Headqarters Mediterrean (AFHQM) and the Supreme Headquarters of the People’s Liberation Army of Yugoslavia. Although the majority of almost 27, 000 Yugoslav refugees declared themselves supporters of the People’s Liberation Army of Yugoslavia, namely the partisans, and perceived themselves as part of its
structure, approximately 400 were adherents of King Peter II of Yugoslavia. Their opposing views frequently caused tension in the camps that occasionally erupted in physical violence. In order to avoid such conflicts and on the basis of requests and statements of those refugees who were supporting the Yugoslav king, the allied camps leadership confirmed their right to be separated from the camps in which partisan supporters represented the majority. This decision triggered a conflict between the Yugoslav Central Refugee Committee, which according to an agreement with the Allied Forces had autonomy over refugee camp administrative issues, and the Allied Forces Refugee Camp Management that was responsible for general peace and order as well as the general care of refugees. In order to appease the conflict, the Allied Forces leadership consented to interrogate the refugees. Certain that the refugees from refugee camps in the desert merely wished to be transferred to a new camp with better living conditions, the Central Refugee Committee was certain that these hearings would reveal the true background of their requests. But the hearings showed that the petitioners truly supported the King of Yugoslavia and had different political views than most Yugoslav refugees. Many of them stated that they had been forcibly evacuated from Yugoslavia and placed in refugee camps against their will. The Central
Refugee Committee later admitted to be responsible for the forcible evacuation and eventually allowed the removal of the King’s supporters from partisan-oriented refugee camps.
Zadnji dve leti druge svetovne vojne je večja skupina Jugoslovanov – predvsem s področja Dalmacije – preživela v begunskih taboriščih v Egiptu. Pot do Egipta je omogočil sporazum, ki so ga sklenili predstavniki Vrhovnega štaba zaveznikov za Sredozemlje in Vrhovnega štaba Narodnoosvobodilne vojske Jugoslavije. Večina beguncev se je štela za podpornike narodnoosvobodilne vojske in se je tudi identificirala kot del njene sestave. A med skoraj 29 tisoč jugoslovanskimi begunci v Egiptu se jih je znašlo tudi približno 400, ki so podpirali kralja Petra II. Karađorđevića. Med podporniki partizanov in kralja je v taboriščih prihajalo do napetosti, ki so v nekaterih primerih prerasla v fizična obračunavanja. Zavezniško vodstvo taborišč je spore želelo preprečiti, zato je na podlagi prošenj in izjav tistih beguncev, ki so podpirali jugoslovanskega kralja, potrdilo pravico do izločitve iz partizanskih taborišč. Ločitev beguncev je sprožila spor med jugoslovanskim Centralnim odborom beguncev, ki je imel na podlagi sporazuma z zavezniki notranjo avtonomijo pri upravi taborišč, in zavezniškim vodstvom taborišč, ki je skrbelo za splošni red in mir ter oskrbo beguncev. Da bi spor pomirili, je zavezniško vodstvo pristalo v zaslišanja, ki naj bi po mnenju Centralnega odbora beguncev pokazala resnično ozadje prošenj za premestitev, saj je med drugim trdil, da želijo begunci iz puščavskih taborišč zaradi boljših pogojev bivanja v novem taborišču. Zaslišanja so pokazala, da so ločeni begunci resnično podpirali jugoslovanskega kralja in da so imeli drugačne politične nazore kot večina beguncev. Mnogi izmed zaslišanih beguncev so izjavili, da so bili celo nasilno evakuirani iz Jugoslavije in so v begunskih taboriščih proti svoji volji. Centralni odbor beguncev je nasilno evakuacijo kasneje priznal in naposled dovolil izločitev podpornikov kralja iz partizanskih begunskih taborišč.
Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino = Contributions to the Contemporary History, Oct 2013
Immediately after the end of World War II the UNRRA personnel, in charge of assisting Yugoslavia ... more Immediately after the end of World War II the UNRRA personnel, in charge of assisting Yugoslavia in its rehabilitation, arrived to this country. Although the tasks of UNRRA focused especially on providing assistance in the fi eld by providing training in the use of new mechanisation and machines as well as medical care, the Yugoslav government kept a lid on such aid. It believed it could take care of such problems itself, and in its opinion it needed help especially with the supply of urgently needed necessities such as food and clothes as well as raw materials vital to the start-up of the industrial and agrarian sectors. The UNRRA representatives complied with the wishes or demands of the Yugoslav authorities and focused especially on ensuring a suitable supply of goods for Yugoslavia and thus also Slovenia. The latter became the centre of the freight transport routes for several parts of Yugoslavia, since the goods from the ports in Trieste and Germany arrived through its railways. Certain irregularities took place during the division of the aid, but ultimately these did not disrupt the ooperation between UNRRA and the Yugoslav government. At the conclusion of UNRRA operations in Slovenia and Yugoslavia it turned out that the UNRRA Yugoslav mission was the most extensive in terms of scope and financing, since UNRRA provided aid to Yugoslavia that would today amount to over 5 billion dollars.
Neposredno po koncu druge svetovne vojne je v Jugoslavijo prispelo Unrrino osebje, ki je bilo zadolženo pomagati Jugoslaviji pri njeni rehabilitaciji. Čeprav so bile Unrrine naloge zlasti usmerjene v pomoč na terenu, tako z inštrukcijami pri uporabi novih mehanizacijskih pripomočkov in strojev, kot pri zdravstveni oskrbi, je jugoslovanska vlada tovrstno pomoč precej oklestila. Verjela je, da za tovrstne težave lahko poskrbi sama, pomoč pa je po njeno potrebovala zlasti pri oskrbi prepotrebnih potrebščin kot sta hrana in obleka, pa tudi surovin, ki so bile ključne za zagon indrustrijskega in agrarnega sektorja. Unrrini predstavniki so željam oziroma zahtevam jugoslovanske oblasti ugodili in se zlasti osredotočili na ustrezno preskrbo Jugoslavije, s tem pa tudi Slovenije. Slednja je postala središče tovornih poti za več delov Jugoslavije, saj je preko njenih železnic prihajala oskrba iz Tržaškega ter nemških pristanišč. Pri razdeljevanju pomoči je prihajalo do nekaterih nepravilnosti, ki pa nazadnje niso zamajale sodelovanja med Unrro in jugoslovansko vlado. Ob zaključku unrrinih operacij v Sloveniji in Jugoslaviji se je izkazalo, da je bila unrrina Jugoslovanska misija največja po obsegu in finančnemu stanju, saj je UNRRA poslala v Jugoslavijo v današnji protivrednosti preko 5 milijard dolarjev pomoči.
Arhivi: Glasilo Arhivskega društva in arhivov Slovenije, Jun 2013
DIE SLOWENEN IN DEN ITALIENISCHEN UND ÄGYPTISCHEN
FLÜCHTLINGSLAGERN 1943–1946
Nach der Kapitu... more DIE SLOWENEN IN DEN ITALIENISCHEN UND ÄGYPTISCHEN
FLÜCHTLINGSLAGERN 1943–1946
Nach der Kapitulation Italiens begannen die Alliierten auf dessen Territorium Tausende von Verbannten und Internierten zu befreien. Unter ihnen befanden sich mehrere Tausend Slowenen, die daraufhin in speziellen Auffanglagern gesammelt wurden, wo sie sich entweder zu Überseebrigaden formierten und zurückkehrten, um die Heimat – Jugoslawien zu befreien, oder sich den jugoslawischen Flüchtlingen anschlossen, die Ende 1943 nach Italien gelangten. Die Flüchtlinge, die meist mit Konvois aus Dalmatien kamen, wurden von den Alliierten in Flüchtlingslagern untergebracht, aber meist nur für kurze Zeit. Bald darauf wurden sie in ägyptische Flüchtlingslager geschickt, vor allem aufgrund der eigenen Sicherheit und der Tatsache, dass sie dort die Versorgungswege der Alliierten, die für den Vormarsch der alliierten Armee im Kampf gegen die Achsenmächte von entscheidender Bedeutung waren, nicht behinderten und belasteten. In Italien blieben nach dem Abkommen mit den Alliierten nur etwa 7 000 Flüchtlinge zurück, die übrigen 29 000 mussten nach Ägypten gehen. Zu den in diesen Sammellagern untergebrachten Slowenen gibt es aber nicht viele Quellen. Einige Aufzeichnungen liegen als Erinnerungsliteratur vor, doch in den Archivquellen konnten konkrete Angaben über die Slowenen – insbesondere in den ägyptischen Flüchtlingslagern – noch nicht ausfindig gemacht werden. Dafür war vor allem die Tatsache entscheidend, dass sich die Flüchtlinge in der Regel als Jugoslawen und nicht als Angehörige eines der jugoslawischen Völkerbezeichneten.
S kapitulacijo Italije so zavezniki na njenem ozemlju začeli osvobajati na tisoče konfinirancev in internirancev. Med njimi je bilo več tisoč Slovencev, ki so se nato zbirali v posebnih taboriščih, kjer so se bodisi formirali v prekomorske brigade in se vrnili osvobajati domovino – Jugoslavijo bodisi so se pridružili jugoslovanskim beguncem, ki so ob koncu leta 1943 začeli prihajati v Italijo. Te begunce, ki so večinoma prihajali s konvoji iz Dalmacije, so zavezniki nastanili v begunskih taboriščih, a večino le za kratek čas. Kmalu so bili poslani v egiptovska begunska taborišča, predvsem zaradi lastne varnosti in dejstva, da tam niso ovirali in obremenjevali zavezniških oskrbnih poti, ki so bile ključne za napredovanje zavezniške vojske v boju proti silam osi. V Italiji je po sporazumu z zavezniki ostalo le približno 7 tisoč beguncev, ostalih 29 tisoč pa je moralo oditi v Egipt. Vendar pa virov o Slovencih v teh taboriščih ni veliko. V obliki spominske literature imamo nekaj zapisov, v arhivskih virih pa izrecnih omemb o Slovencih - zlasti v egiptovskih begunskih taboriščih - še ni bilo moč zaslediti. Temu je zlasti botrovalo dejstvo, da so se begunci praviloma izrekali za Jugoslovane in ne za pripadnike katerega od jugoslovanskih narodov.
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Papers by Kornelija Ajlec
Through a critical analysis of the relevant literature and archival sources kept in the Archives of the United Nations in New York, the article outlines the provision of supplies and repatriation of the displaced Yugoslavs from Italy back to Yugoslavia with the mediation assistance of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA). Immediately after the end of the war, Yugoslavia demanded the repatriation of the displaced persons. However, people kept returning until as late as 1946 and 1947, while many of them emigrated to other countries.
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VLOGA UNRRE PRI OSKRBI IN REPATRIACIJI JUGOSLOVANSKIH RAZSELJENIH OSEB V ITALIJI (1945–1947)
S kritično analizo arhivskih virov, ki jih hrani Arhiv Organizacije združenih narodov v New Yorku, in s pomočjo literature članek prikazuje preskrbo in repatriacijo jugoslovanskih razseljenih oseb iz Italije v Jugoslavijo ob posredniški pomoči Uprave združenih narodov za pomoč in obnovo – UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration). Jugoslavija je zahtevala repatriacijo razseljenih oseb neposredno po koncu spopadov, a mnoge so se vračale še v letih 1946 in 1947, precejšnje število pa je emigriralo v tretje države.
A partial solution was found in the funds obtained through various projects. Already in the late 1970s, the Research Institute of the Faculty of Arts was established with which one of the largest bodies of researchers in Slovenia is now associated. Some other centres were founded at the Faculty as well: first the Centre for Slovene as a Second and Foreign language and later, at the beginning of the 1980s, the Centre for Pedagogical Education as well as the Work and Study Centre, which however was soon closed down. The Work and Study Programme has evolved into a Part-Time Study Programme, which continues to be offered. The Faculty of Arts has a Central Humanities Library, which is the second largest library in the country and is organized by subject area.
The study displays the American role in assuring supplies for the Hungarian refugees in Yugoslavia after the 1956 revolution, in cooperation with the international humanitarian organizations, particularly the League of Red Cross Societies, and the Yugoslav government. Simultaneously, the article in part presents the Yugoslav role in the revolution. Illustrating the coordination of supplies, the study thoroughly focuses on the causes and reasons of this complex cooperation at the height of the Cold War, which is particularly evident in the interstate relations amongst Yugoslavia and Hungary, Yugoslavia and the USA, and the wider part of the East and West ideological bloc. The first part of this research is primarily based on the use of literature, while the second part is based on the systematic study of archival sources of the American provenance.
prizmo arhivskih virov v fondu generalnega sekretarja Javierja Pereza de Cuellarja odstira stališča generalnega sekretarja, ki so bila zadržana in pogosto skladna s stališči držav Gibanja neuvrščenih ter prosrbskega jugoslovanskega vrha. Slovenski diplomati, podobno kot hrvaški, v tem času niso uradno sodelovali v razpravah Varnostnega sveta OZN. Njihova vloga je bila posledično skrčena na pisemsko komunikacijo ter lobiranje preko držav, ki so podpirala mednarodno priznanje novo-osamosvojenih republik. Pri tem je zlasti pomembna vloga sosednjih držav, pa tudi Nemčije, Velike Britanije in Francije. Slednji sta namreč že zelo zgodaj želeli, da bi se Varnostni svet vpletel v jugoslovanski konflikt. To je Varnostni svet nazadnje storil konec septembra 1991, ko je uvedel embargo na prodajo orožja Jugoslaviji. Medtem je bil generalni sekretar ves čas pod vplivom jugoslovanskih politikov, ki so si prizadevali za ohranitev enotnosti. Ti so se vsaj ob eni priložnosti srečali z generalnim sekretarjem na predvečer zasedanja Varnostnega sveta, kjer so družno koordinirali želen potek zasedanja. Prav tako so na Varnostni svet pritiskale države Gibanja neuvrščenih, ki so tudi želele ohraniti enotno Jugoslavijo. Na zapleteno razmerje moči kažejo tudi poročila in pogovori posebnega odposlanca OZN za Jugoslavijo Cyrusa Vancea, ki si je neuspešno prizadeval za mediacijo v konfliktu. Pri tem pa je negativno ocenjeval vlogo slovenskega političnega vrha, kljub več srečanjem in dejstvu, da je Slovenija pristajala na pogajanja za mirno razrešitev spora.
prehrano za mnogokrat podhranjene otroke in mladino. Kljub nekaterim začetnim težavam so za otroke organizirali ustrezno zdravstveno varstvo. Na pobudo beguncev in njihovega vodstva so takoj po prihodu prve skupine v Egipt organizirali tudi prvi šolski pouk, ki so ga vodili vse do končnega zaprtja taborišč. Otroci v taboriščih so imeli tudi politični pouk in so bili kot pionirčki ter mladinci vzgajani kot dobri bodoči državljani povojne socialistične Jugoslavije.
THE DESERT CHILDREN: GROWING UP IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR YUGOSLAV REFUGEE CAMPS IN EGYPT: On the last day of 1943, the first group of almost 30.000, mostly Croat refugees set sail over the Meditearrean for tented refugee camps in Egypt. Most of the refugees were women and children, who relied on the guidance of the partisan and allied administration at the camps. Many children arrived to the camps malnourished and were dependent on the military provisions to help them recover their strength as well as voluntary societies to provide adequate medical support. With plenty of iniciative amongst the refugees, the first school classes were organised immediately after the arrival of the first group. These classes evolved into proper elementary and middle schools. The children refugees were also inducted into Pioneers' Association. In this manner, the partisan administration secured excellent citizens of the new Yugoslavia, at the same time giving thern practical foundation for further education after the war.
MILITARY ALLOWANCES AND PENSIONS IN WORLD WAR I: LEGISLATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
The contribution discusses the Austro-Hungarian approach to the development of social security policy for military personnel and their families during war and peacetime. On the basis of legislative documents and articles in the Slovenian newspapers it specifically explores the period of World War I. It shows that Austro-Hungary entered the war relatively well-prepared as far as maintenance was concerned.
With the mobilisation of the male population during World War I, the family maintenance dynamics changed. Besides their traditional roles as housewives and mothers, women also took over the financial responsibility for their families. They resorted to various survival strategies, which were often insufficient to provide for the family, and women were frequently simply incapable to perform any kind of work. In these cases the state provided help and offered them allowances and pensions if they proved eligible. These payments were often an essential addition and sometimes even the only contribution to the family budget. As such, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy was one of the most advanced participants of World War I, since the entire structure of social transfers had already been established when the war started.
During the World War II, tens of thousands of refugees took shelter on the territory of the Kingdom of Egypt, Persia and the broader Middle East region, then consequentially in India, East African countries and even in Mexico. Poles, Greeks, Yugoslavs - mostly Croats prevailed. Most of these refugees were concentrated in Egypt and on the Middle East since the Egyptian government was generously recieving, under the influence of Great Britain, first refugees from Greece in 1941. In any sese, the Egyptian government, influenced by the English-Egyptian Agreement from 1936, was helping the Allies to a far greaterextent, as it is mostly evident from historical works, despite the fact that Egypt officially declared war on Germany and Japan not earlier than 1945, and on Italy it had not been declared at all. The Egyptians were offering help despite a difficult economic enviroment in that predominantly agrarian country. Consequently, Egypt began putting a limit on the acceptance of refugees, or in other words, setting conditions on it. The restrictions were initially felt by the primarily British organizations and humanitarian institutions as well. The Egyptian government put a demand on the acceptance of refugees after the war, with their location in the camps during the stay and the limitation of information on refugees in local media institutions.
POVZETEK
Organizacija Združenih narodov za pomoč in obnovo – UNRRA je prispela na jugoslovansko ozemlje neposredno po koncu druge svetovne vojne. Po prihodu se je morala soočiti s številnimi ovirami, ki so ji onemogočale nemoteno posredovanje materialne pomoči. Tako se je morala UNRRA aktivno vključiti v povojno obnovo s tem, da je pomagala pri vzpostavljanju transportnih poti. Pomoč je prihajala počasi, sprva preko le dveh jugoslovanskih pristanišč Split in Dubrovnik. Kmalu pa je prišla pobuda, da bi za dobavo pomoči zavezniki dali Unrri na voljo pristanišče v Trstu, ki je lahko čeprav poškodovano začelo z obratovanjem za unrrine namene v manj kot dveh mesecih po osvoboditvi mesta. Prav tako pa je bila ključna njegova železniška povezava z Ljubljano in Beogradom. Unrrina Jugoslovanska misija je v Trstu ustanovila pristaniško pisarno, ki je koordinirala dobavo pomoči ter posredovala pri odnosih med Zavezniško vojaško upravo v Julijski krajini. Delovala je učinkovito, saj je uspešno dobavila več sto tisoč ton zalog in drugih dobrin, ki so postale temelj povojne obnove Jugoslavije.
in the 1943–1946 Period
During the last two years of the Second World War a large group of Yugoslav citizens, most of which were from Dalmatia, lived in refugee camps in Egypt. Their journey to Egypt was made possible by an agreement between the Allied Force Headqarters Mediterrean (AFHQM) and the Supreme Headquarters of the People’s Liberation Army of Yugoslavia. Although the majority of almost 27, 000 Yugoslav refugees declared themselves supporters of the People’s Liberation Army of Yugoslavia, namely the partisans, and perceived themselves as part of its
structure, approximately 400 were adherents of King Peter II of Yugoslavia. Their opposing views frequently caused tension in the camps that occasionally erupted in physical violence. In order to avoid such conflicts and on the basis of requests and statements of those refugees who were supporting the Yugoslav king, the allied camps leadership confirmed their right to be separated from the camps in which partisan supporters represented the majority. This decision triggered a conflict between the Yugoslav Central Refugee Committee, which according to an agreement with the Allied Forces had autonomy over refugee camp administrative issues, and the Allied Forces Refugee Camp Management that was responsible for general peace and order as well as the general care of refugees. In order to appease the conflict, the Allied Forces leadership consented to interrogate the refugees. Certain that the refugees from refugee camps in the desert merely wished to be transferred to a new camp with better living conditions, the Central Refugee Committee was certain that these hearings would reveal the true background of their requests. But the hearings showed that the petitioners truly supported the King of Yugoslavia and had different political views than most Yugoslav refugees. Many of them stated that they had been forcibly evacuated from Yugoslavia and placed in refugee camps against their will. The Central
Refugee Committee later admitted to be responsible for the forcible evacuation and eventually allowed the removal of the King’s supporters from partisan-oriented refugee camps.
Zadnji dve leti druge svetovne vojne je večja skupina Jugoslovanov – predvsem s področja Dalmacije – preživela v begunskih taboriščih v Egiptu. Pot do Egipta je omogočil sporazum, ki so ga sklenili predstavniki Vrhovnega štaba zaveznikov za Sredozemlje in Vrhovnega štaba Narodnoosvobodilne vojske Jugoslavije. Večina beguncev se je štela za podpornike narodnoosvobodilne vojske in se je tudi identificirala kot del njene sestave. A med skoraj 29 tisoč jugoslovanskimi begunci v Egiptu se jih je znašlo tudi približno 400, ki so podpirali kralja Petra II. Karađorđevića. Med podporniki partizanov in kralja je v taboriščih prihajalo do napetosti, ki so v nekaterih primerih prerasla v fizična obračunavanja. Zavezniško vodstvo taborišč je spore želelo preprečiti, zato je na podlagi prošenj in izjav tistih beguncev, ki so podpirali jugoslovanskega kralja, potrdilo pravico do izločitve iz partizanskih taborišč. Ločitev beguncev je sprožila spor med jugoslovanskim Centralnim odborom beguncev, ki je imel na podlagi sporazuma z zavezniki notranjo avtonomijo pri upravi taborišč, in zavezniškim vodstvom taborišč, ki je skrbelo za splošni red in mir ter oskrbo beguncev. Da bi spor pomirili, je zavezniško vodstvo pristalo v zaslišanja, ki naj bi po mnenju Centralnega odbora beguncev pokazala resnično ozadje prošenj za premestitev, saj je med drugim trdil, da želijo begunci iz puščavskih taborišč zaradi boljših pogojev bivanja v novem taborišču. Zaslišanja so pokazala, da so ločeni begunci resnično podpirali jugoslovanskega kralja in da so imeli drugačne politične nazore kot večina beguncev. Mnogi izmed zaslišanih beguncev so izjavili, da so bili celo nasilno evakuirani iz Jugoslavije in so v begunskih taboriščih proti svoji volji. Centralni odbor beguncev je nasilno evakuacijo kasneje priznal in naposled dovolil izločitev podpornikov kralja iz partizanskih begunskih taborišč.
Neposredno po koncu druge svetovne vojne je v Jugoslavijo prispelo Unrrino osebje, ki je bilo zadolženo pomagati Jugoslaviji pri njeni rehabilitaciji. Čeprav so bile Unrrine naloge zlasti usmerjene v pomoč na terenu, tako z inštrukcijami pri uporabi novih mehanizacijskih pripomočkov in strojev, kot pri zdravstveni oskrbi, je jugoslovanska vlada tovrstno pomoč precej oklestila. Verjela je, da za tovrstne težave lahko poskrbi sama, pomoč pa je po njeno potrebovala zlasti pri oskrbi prepotrebnih potrebščin kot sta hrana in obleka, pa tudi surovin, ki so bile ključne za zagon indrustrijskega in agrarnega sektorja. Unrrini predstavniki so željam oziroma zahtevam jugoslovanske oblasti ugodili in se zlasti osredotočili na ustrezno preskrbo Jugoslavije, s tem pa tudi Slovenije. Slednja je postala središče tovornih poti za več delov Jugoslavije, saj je preko njenih železnic prihajala oskrba iz Tržaškega ter nemških pristanišč. Pri razdeljevanju pomoči je prihajalo do nekaterih nepravilnosti, ki pa nazadnje niso zamajale sodelovanja med Unrro in jugoslovansko vlado. Ob zaključku unrrinih operacij v Sloveniji in Jugoslaviji se je izkazalo, da je bila unrrina Jugoslovanska misija največja po obsegu in finančnemu stanju, saj je UNRRA poslala v Jugoslavijo v današnji protivrednosti preko 5 milijard dolarjev pomoči.
FLÜCHTLINGSLAGERN 1943–1946
Nach der Kapitulation Italiens begannen die Alliierten auf dessen Territorium Tausende von Verbannten und Internierten zu befreien. Unter ihnen befanden sich mehrere Tausend Slowenen, die daraufhin in speziellen Auffanglagern gesammelt wurden, wo sie sich entweder zu Überseebrigaden formierten und zurückkehrten, um die Heimat – Jugoslawien zu befreien, oder sich den jugoslawischen Flüchtlingen anschlossen, die Ende 1943 nach Italien gelangten. Die Flüchtlinge, die meist mit Konvois aus Dalmatien kamen, wurden von den Alliierten in Flüchtlingslagern untergebracht, aber meist nur für kurze Zeit. Bald darauf wurden sie in ägyptische Flüchtlingslager geschickt, vor allem aufgrund der eigenen Sicherheit und der Tatsache, dass sie dort die Versorgungswege der Alliierten, die für den Vormarsch der alliierten Armee im Kampf gegen die Achsenmächte von entscheidender Bedeutung waren, nicht behinderten und belasteten. In Italien blieben nach dem Abkommen mit den Alliierten nur etwa 7 000 Flüchtlinge zurück, die übrigen 29 000 mussten nach Ägypten gehen. Zu den in diesen Sammellagern untergebrachten Slowenen gibt es aber nicht viele Quellen. Einige Aufzeichnungen liegen als Erinnerungsliteratur vor, doch in den Archivquellen konnten konkrete Angaben über die Slowenen – insbesondere in den ägyptischen Flüchtlingslagern – noch nicht ausfindig gemacht werden. Dafür war vor allem die Tatsache entscheidend, dass sich die Flüchtlinge in der Regel als Jugoslawen und nicht als Angehörige eines der jugoslawischen Völkerbezeichneten.
S kapitulacijo Italije so zavezniki na njenem ozemlju začeli osvobajati na tisoče konfinirancev in internirancev. Med njimi je bilo več tisoč Slovencev, ki so se nato zbirali v posebnih taboriščih, kjer so se bodisi formirali v prekomorske brigade in se vrnili osvobajati domovino – Jugoslavijo bodisi so se pridružili jugoslovanskim beguncem, ki so ob koncu leta 1943 začeli prihajati v Italijo. Te begunce, ki so večinoma prihajali s konvoji iz Dalmacije, so zavezniki nastanili v begunskih taboriščih, a večino le za kratek čas. Kmalu so bili poslani v egiptovska begunska taborišča, predvsem zaradi lastne varnosti in dejstva, da tam niso ovirali in obremenjevali zavezniških oskrbnih poti, ki so bile ključne za napredovanje zavezniške vojske v boju proti silam osi. V Italiji je po sporazumu z zavezniki ostalo le približno 7 tisoč beguncev, ostalih 29 tisoč pa je moralo oditi v Egipt. Vendar pa virov o Slovencih v teh taboriščih ni veliko. V obliki spominske literature imamo nekaj zapisov, v arhivskih virih pa izrecnih omemb o Slovencih - zlasti v egiptovskih begunskih taboriščih - še ni bilo moč zaslediti. Temu je zlasti botrovalo dejstvo, da so se begunci praviloma izrekali za Jugoslovane in ne za pripadnike katerega od jugoslovanskih narodov.