Jaka Sodnik

University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Faculty Member

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Papers by Jaka Sodnik

Preprost protokol za dostop do imenika LDAP

Diplomsko delo univerzitetnega tudija, Ljubljana, 2002

Resolution enhancement of a general HRTF library

Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF) libraries enable the generation of virtual acoustic sources... more

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Human Resolution of Virtual Sound Source Direction

Elektrotehniski Vestnik, 2004

Human perception of spatial sound is one of the most important factors for orientation in space(i... more

Acoustic signal localization through the use of Head Related Transfer Functions

Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and …, 2005

An acoustic image of space is an acoustically described visual image intended to help blind peopl... more

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A user study of auditory versus visual interfaces for use while driving

by Sašo Tomažič, Christina Dicke, Mark Billinghurst, and Jaka Sodnik

… Journal of Human-Computer …, Jan 1, 2008

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Spatial auditory interfaces compared to visual interfaces for mobile use in a driving task

by Sašo Tomažič, Christina Dicke, and Jaka Sodnik

Proceedings of the …, Jan 1, 2007

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Spatial auditory interface for an embedded communication device in a car

by Sašo Tomažič, Christina Dicke, and Jaka Sodnik

… Conference on Advances …, Jan 1, 2008

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On the Evaluation of Auditory and Head-up Displays While Driving

by Christina Dicke, Sašo Tomažič, and Jaka Sodnik

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a low cost, laboratory based testing framework for in-vehicle... more Abstract: In this paper, we propose a low cost, laboratory based testing framework for in-vehicle interfaces. Exemplified by a comparison between an auditory interface, a Head-up display, and a combination of both we show how task completion times, driving penalty points, mental workload, and subjective user evaluations of the interfaces can be collected through different logging systems and user questionnaires.

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Auditory and Head-Up Displays in Vehicles

by Christina Dicke and Jaka Sodnik

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013

A user study of auditory, head-up and multi-modal displays in vehicles

by Christina Dicke and Jaka Sodnik

Applied Ergonomics, 2015

This paper describes a user study on the interaction with an in-vehicle information system (IVIS)... more This paper describes a user study on the interaction with an in-vehicle information system (IVIS). The motivation for conducting this research was to investigate the subjectively and objectively measured impact of using a single- or multi-modal IVIS while driving. A hierarchical, list-based menu was presented using a windshield projection (head-up display), auditory display and a combination of both interfaces. The users were asked to navigate a vehicle in a driving simulator and simultaneously perform a set of tasks of varying complexity. The experiment showed that the interaction with visual and audio-visual head-up displays is faster and more efficient than with the audio-only display. All the interfaces had a similar impact on the overall driving performance. There was no significant difference between the visual only and audio-visual displays in terms of their efficiency and safety; however, the majority of test subjects clearly preferred to use the multi-modal interface while driving.

Encyclopedia of Wireless and Mobile Communications

by Christina Dicke, Sašo Tomažič, and Jaka Sodnik

The radio channel is fundamentally a broadcast communication medium. Therefore, signals transmitt... more The radio channel is fundamentally a broadcast communication medium. Therefore, signals transmitted by one user can potentially be received by all other users within range of the transmitter. Although this high connectivity is very useful in some applications, like broadcast radio or TV, it requires stringent access control in wireless communication systems to avoid, or at least to limit, interference between transmissions. Throughout, the term wireless communication systems is taken to mean communication systems that facilitate two-way ...

Multiple spatial sounds in hierarchical menu navigation for visually impaired computer users

by Jaka Sodnik and Sašo Tomažič

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2011

This paper describes a user study on the benefits and drawbacks of simultaneous spatial sounds in... more This paper describes a user study on the benefits and drawbacks of simultaneous spatial sounds in auditory interfaces for visually impaired and blind computer users. Two different auditory interfaces in spatial and non-spatial condition were proposed to represent the hierarchical menu structure of a simple word processing application. In the horizontal interface, the sound sources or the menu items were

NERVteh 4DOF motion car driving simulator

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications - AutomotiveUI '14, 2014

This paper describes basic structure and functionalities of a novel car driving simulator for rea... more This paper describes basic structure and functionalities of a novel car driving simulator for realistic simulation of various road and traffic conditions, and realistic car behavior on different terrains. Its main and the most innovative component is a powerful and fast responsive 4DOF motion platform consisting of four electro motors. The proposed platform also includes a set of technologies and tools for biometrical and biomechanical evaluation of driving performance and anomalies. The simulator, which is currently in the work-in-progress stage, is expected to be available as a prototype by the end of 2014.

Spatial sound generation using HRTF created by the use of recursive filters

by Jaka Sodnik and Sašo Tomažič

The IEEE Region 8 EUROCON 2003. Computer as a Tool., 2003

Generating spatial sound and playing it through headphones is demanding task, since two important... more Generating spatial sound and playing it through headphones is demanding task, since two important factors, ILD -Inter-aural Level Difference and ITD -Inter-aural Time Difference, need to be taken into consideration. The problem can be solved by the use of Head Related Transfer Functions (HRTF) which represent a set of empirically measured functions, one for each spatial direction. The complete reconstruction of HRTF is possible through the use of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters with 512 coefficients each. Since the spectrum of HRTF consists of distinctive maximums and minimums, the spectrum could be approximated by the use of resonators and notch filters. The approximation of the complete spectrum (20 Hz -20 kHz) could be done by the use of six resonators and one notch filter. Our approach to spatial sound generation using HRTF created by the use of recursive (IIR) filters presents a practical and computationally effective solution. It also indicates a way to uniformly model all factors connected to spatial sound perception.

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Evaluation of Leap Motion Controller with a High Precision Optical Tracking System

by Jaka Sodnik and Jože Guna

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2014

Spatial Auditory Interface for an Embedded Communication Device in a Car

by Jaka Sodnik and Sašo Tomažič

First International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interaction, 2008

In this paper we evaluate the safety of the driver when using an embedded communication device wh... more In this paper we evaluate the safety of the driver when using an embedded communication device while driving. As a part of our research, four different tasks were preformed with the device in order to evaluate the efficiency and safety of the drivers under three different conditions: one visual and two different auditory conditions. In the visual condition, various menu items were shown on a small LCD screen attached to the dashboard. In the auditory conditions, the same menu items were presented with spatial sounds distributed on a virtual ring around the user's head. The same custom-made interaction device attached to the steering wheel was used in all three conditions, enabling simple and safe interaction with the device while driving. The auditory interface proved to be as fast as the visual one, while at the same time enabling a significantly safer driving and higher satisfaction of the users. The measured workload also appeared to be lower when using the auditory interfaces.

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Measurements of auditory navigation in virtual acoustic space

by Sašo Tomažič and Jaka Sodnik

2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference TENCON 2004., 2004

Auditory navigation in virtual acoustic space is a wellknown aid for helping blind people orient ... more Auditory navigation in virtual acoustic space is a wellknown aid for helping blind people orient in space. Methods used for generating virtual acoustic space are also useful in reproduction of realistic sounds in surrond audio systems, video games, etc. In order to design an efficient virtual acoustic space or acoustic image, many psycho acoustic facts should be considered. To prove theoretical presumptions in practice, many tests need to be done. We developed an experimental system for testing variety of parameters. Using the experimental system, one can virtually place the sound source in almost any location in front of the listener's head. The system uses either pre-recorded sound files or produces space sound in real time with the use of arbitrary spatial sound model (i.e. the way of presenting Head Related Transfer Functions -HRTF) and arbitrary sound sources. The main goal of the research was to determine the possibilities of auditory navigation and to examine results of acoustic image resolution obtained in previous researches. Fifty test subjects underwent several experiments in which they were asked to locate the various sound sources. Experiments showed that the major problems were related to resolution. Test subjects were able to approximately find location very quick, but they had problems locating it more precisely.

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LOCALIZATION OF SOUND SOURCES IN AN AUGMENTED REALITY ENVIRONMENT

Abstract–The basic principle of Augmented Reality (AR) is the overlay of virtual images onto the ... more Abstract–The basic principle of Augmented Reality (AR) is the overlay of virtual images onto the real world. In this paper we explore users' capability to localize arbitrary positioned spatial sound presented with virtual objects in an AR environment. The localization performance is evaluated with various spatial configurations of the objects in the virtual scene. The results confirm several previous findings on sound localization and also point out some important new visual-audio cues which should be taken into consideration for ...

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