Architecture

Travaux étudiants réalisés dans le cadre de l'atelier d'architecture 4 - ARC2012 - Hiver 2021Premier exercice de l’atelier d’architecture 4 (ARC2012), hiver 2021, École d’architecture, Faculté de l’aménagement, Université de Montréal

La volonté de mise en lumière sur ce sujet précis réside dans l'importance du logement groupé, en tant que habitat dense, dans la construction de la ville et du territoire. A l'heure du développement durable, de l'éveil des consciences quant à la sauvegarde des ressources exploitables, il convient que le désir rationnel de densité urbaine est faible. En effet, de par le processus d'individuation, de par le développement des transports et des communications et nombre d'autres facteurs, la figure de la maison individuelle pavillonnaire prévaut. Il est notable de convenir que la demande sociale tend vers le désir de vivre dans des logements individuels plutôt que des logements collectifs. Ce constat souligne le paradoxe entre cet logique d'habitat, de structure urbaine générant l'étalement urbain et l'économie des ressources propre aux valeurs du développement durable. Le phénomène d'étalement urbain consomme du territoire. Il nuit à la conservation d'espaces clairement identifiables de par l'homogénéisation du territoire via une croissance de la ville diffuse. Ainsi, la densité dans le logement semble être une qualité quant à la gestion maîtrisée de l'extension des villes.

were some of the select invited speakers to this conference held at Harvard. The introductory and concluding texts, signed by Sert, set out the starting point for the development of urban design in the context of planning the central city for the car and confronting urban sprawl. Although it seems as if nothing much has changed since this time, there have been three distinct forms of urban design practices developed since then. This article will briefly discuss them in order to see what is at stake in the teaching of urban design today.

Background: Despite guidelines recommending avoidance of peanuts during infancy in the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, and, until recently, North America, peanut allergy (PA) continues to increase in these countries. Objective: We sought to determine the prevalence of PA among Israeli and UK Jewish children and evaluate the relationship of PA to infant and maternal peanut consumption. Methods: A clinically validated questionnaire determined the prevalence of PA among Jewish schoolchildren (5171 in the UK and 5615 in Israel). A second validated questionnaire assessed peanut consumption and weaning in Jewish infants (77 in the UK and 99 in Israel).

Background: Despite guidelines recommending avoidance of peanuts during infancy in the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, and, until recently, North America, peanut allergy (PA) continues to increase in these countries. Objective: We sought to determine the prevalence of PA among Israeli and UK Jewish children and evaluate the relationship of PA to infant and maternal peanut consumption. Methods: A clinically validated questionnaire determined the prevalence of PA among Jewish schoolchildren (5171 in the UK and 5615 in Israel). A second validated questionnaire assessed peanut consumption and weaning in Jewish infants (77 in the UK and 99 in Israel).

Sesame food allergy (SFA) in children is an increasingly recognized one in many countries. Our objective was to describe the course and natural history of SFA. Seventy-four patients sensitized to sesame were evaluated using clinical records, questionnaires, skin prick tests (SPT), in vitro specific immunoglobulin (sIg) E, and oral challenges (OC) and categorized into three groups: group A: patients who experienced allergic reaction after ingestion of sesame-containing food (n = 45); group B: patients evaluated for atopic dermatitis and found to be sesame SPT-positive (n = 11); group C: patients with sensitization to sesame allergen (n = 18). Group A patients were followed for an average of 6.7 yr. Analysis of our results revealed that 76% of patients in group A developed the allergy by the age of 2. The median age at onset of allergy in these patients was 1 yr. Immediate reaction to a minimal amount of sesame was characteristic. Skin was the most common site of involvement, followed by respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Tolerance developed in only 20% of the patients. High sIgE (>0.15 IU) was demonstrated only in 75% of those in which it was examined. Sixteen patients performed oral sesame food challenge which was found positive in 88%. No correlation was found between the size of SPT and the level of in vitro sesame IgE antibodies, the outcome of OC results, and the development of tolerance to sesame. In conclusion, SFA tends to appear early in life, but unlike cow's milk and egg allergy, persists in 80% of the cases. Typical reactions combined with positive sesame SPT are reliable for diagnosis.

During this transition to the virtual world, as our living space progressively detaches itself from the ground and graphs itself on to vertical points, what can we say of our perception of yesterday’s images? In the present mixture of virtuality and reality, on the last floor of the high-rise how are materiality and immateriality superposed?

Projects designed as part of architectural competitions constitute a neglected intellectual and cultural resource, as repositories of “potential” architecture. In the Canadian context, there have been literally thousands of projects produced for architectural and environmental competitions since 1945. Between 1960 and 2000, close to 150 competitions had been held in Canada. More than half of those competitions were organised in Quebec, and more than one third had cultural programs as their subject. Each of these architectural competitions generated dozens, even hundreds of projects. For instance, the competition organized in 1981 for a new City Hall in Mississauga drew 250 entries; the comparatively minor Châteauguay Library competition received almost 60 proposals; and the Montreal Symphony Orchestra competition drew more than one hundred projects from the world over.